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AnaPhy Cells

This document provides information about cell structure and function, the four basic types of tissue in the human body, and the different types of membranes found in the body. It describes that cells are the smallest structures capable of maintaining life and reproducing, and that the human body begins as a single cell and is made up of trillions of cells. It details the structures of the cell including the cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, and organelles within the cytoplasm.

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jonelbamba
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26 views3 pages

AnaPhy Cells

This document provides information about cell structure and function, the four basic types of tissue in the human body, and the different types of membranes found in the body. It describes that cells are the smallest structures capable of maintaining life and reproducing, and that the human body begins as a single cell and is made up of trillions of cells. It details the structures of the cell including the cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, and organelles within the cytoplasm.

Uploaded by

jonelbamba
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cells, Tissues, & Membranes

This section provides detailed information about cell structure and function, four
basic types of tissue in the human body, and the different types of membranes
found in the body.

Cell Structure & Function


Cells, the smallest structures capable of maintaining life and reproducing,
compose all living things, from single-celled plants to multibillion-celled animals.
The human body, which is made up of numerous cells, begins as a single, newly
fertilized cell.

Almost all human cells are microscopic in size. To give you an idea how small a cell
is, one average-sized adult body, according to one estimate, consists of 100 trillion
cells!

Cell Structure
Ideas about cell structure have changed considerably over the years. Early
biologists saw cells as simple membranous sacs containing fluid and a few floating
particles. Today's biologists know that cells are infinitely more complex than this.
There are many different types, sizes, and shapes of cells in the body. For
descriptive purposes, the concept of a "generalized cell" is introduced. It includes
features from all cell types. A cell consists of three parts: the cell membrane,
the nucleus, and, between the two, the cytoplasm. Within the cytoplasm lie
intricate arrangements of fine fibers and hundreds or even thousands of miniscule
but distinct structures called organelles.

Cell membrane
Every cell in the body is enclosed by a cell (Plasma) membrane. The cell membrane
separates the material outside the cell, extracellular, from the material inside the
cell, intracellular. It maintains the integrity of a cell and controls passage of
materials into and out of the cell. All materials within a cell must have access to the
cell membrane (the cell's boundary) for the needed exchange.

The cell membrane is a double layer of phospholipid molecules. Proteins in the cell
membrane provide structural support, form channels for passage of materials, act
as receptor sites, function as carrier molecules, and provide identification markers.

Nucleus and Nucleolus


The nucleus, formed by a nuclear membrane around a fluid nucleoplasm, is the
control center of the cell. Threads of chromatin in the nucleus
contain deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the genetic material of the cell.
The nucleolus is a dense region of ribonucleic acid (RNA) in the nucleus and is
the site of ribosome formation. The nucleus determines how the cell will function,
as well as the basic structure of that cell.

Cytoplasm
The cytoplasm is the gel-like fluid inside the cell. It is the medium for chemical
reaction. It provides a platform upon which other organelles can operate within the
cell. All of the functions for cell expansion, growth and replication are carried out in
the cytoplasm of a cell. Within the cytoplasm, materials move by diffusion, a
physical process that can work only for short distances.

Cytoplasmic organelles
Cytoplasmic organelles are "little organs" that are suspended in the cytoplasm of
the cell. Each type of organelle has a definite structure and a specific role in the
function of the cell. Examples of cytoplasmic organelles
are mitochondrion, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus,
and lysosomes.

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