Writing a literature review for a research paper is a challenging task that requires thorough research,

critical analysis, and effective synthesis of existing literature. It involves reviewing and summarizing
scholarly articles, books, and other sources relevant to the topic of the research paper. Here are some
reasons why writing a literature review can be difficult:

1. Scope and Depth: Literature reviews require a comprehensive understanding of the topic
area. It can be challenging to determine the scope of the review and how deeply to delve into
each aspect of the literature.
2. Finding Relevant Sources: Locating relevant and credible sources can be time-consuming.
It requires searching through databases, libraries, and online repositories to find scholarly
articles and books that contribute to the understanding of the research topic.
3. Critical Analysis: Analyzing the literature involves more than just summarizing individual
sources. It requires critically evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of each study,
identifying gaps in the existing research, and synthesizing findings to develop a coherent
argument.
4. Organizing Information: Once you have gathered a significant amount of literature,
organizing the information in a logical and coherent manner can be challenging. Structuring
the literature review to effectively present the key themes, debates, and research findings
requires careful planning and consideration.
5. Writing and Formatting: Writing a literature review involves not only conveying
information but also presenting it in a clear, concise, and coherent manner. Additionally,
adhering to the specific formatting and citation style required by the academic institution or
journal adds another layer of complexity.

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The review provides new knowledge regarding the fact that coproduction leadership must become
more deliberately (in)formed by collective leadership models. Unlike other review types, critical
reviews attempt to take a reflective account of the research that has been done in a particular area of
interest, and assess its credibility by using appraisal instruments or critical interpretive methods. Step
2: Research and collect all the scholarly information on the topic that might be pertinent to your
study. Further, it also makes extrapolating findings and commenting on broad themes complex and
difficult. Thematic: If you have found some recurring central themes that you will continue working
with throughout your piece, you can organize your literature review into subsections that address
different aspects of the topic. Alternatively, you may be expected to include a literature review as
part of a larger research paper (such as part of an Honors Thesis). In the meantime, to ensure
continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript. Is contrary data
considered or is certain pertinent information ignored to prove the author's point. The Writing Center.
University of North Carolina; Onwuegbuzie, Anthony J. If our above questions meet your queries,
then you have landed to the right destination. What are the key concepts and how are they defined.
What sources have they cited to support their conclusions. Make sure you know where to put the
research question, hypothesis, or statement of the problem in your research paper so that you guide
your readers logically and naturally from your introduction of earlier work and evidence to the
conclusions you want them to draw from the bigger picture. Something to be conducted at the end
of your research. Look at sources the authors cite to in their work. All of these articles would also
have been excluded for failing to include any exploration of the management or leadership of
coproduction. We proposed a framework for coproduction leadership that takes into account the
actors involved, the models of leadership, and the leadership practices that emerge in different
contexts and during different phases of coproduction. Umbrella reviews generally adhere to the
same principles and rigorous methodological guidelines used in systematic reviews. For tips on the
revising and editing process, see our handout on revising drafts. What outcomes are associated with
developing and implementing co-produced interventions in acute healthcare settings. You can use a
subheading for each theme, time period, or methodological approach. It also helps researchers to
identify potential biases or limitations of certain methods and techniques. History: The chronological
progression of the field, the literature, or an idea that is necessary to understand the literature review,
if the body of the literature review is not already a chronology. By publication: Order your sources
by publication chronology, then, only if the order demonstrates a more important trend. That is, it
represents a synthesis of the evidence that provides background information on your topic and
shows a association between the evidence and your research question. Also, make sure to include
opposing views (and not just supporting evidence). Involvement of topic experts can ensure that the
rQES is responsive to need. 14 17 One Cochrane rQES saved considerable time by agreeing the
review topic within a single meeting and one-phase iteration. 9 Decisions on topics to be omitted are
also informed by a knowledge of existing QESs. 17 An information specialist can help to manage
the quantity and quality of available evidence by setting conceptual boundaries and logistic limits.
Several search terms relating to phr s were used during this process. Some literature reviews are both
comprehensive and stand as a separate work—in this case, the entire article analyzes the literature on
a given topic. Whatever the case, your writing must survey scholarly articles, books, reliable
websites, government publications, and other sources relevant to your research question or problem.
For example, weave references to other sources into what you are writing but maintain your own
voice by starting and ending the paragraph with your own ideas and wording. Methodology -- were
the techniques used to identify, gather, and analyze the data appropriate to addressing the research
problem. It’s basically a hint for the following researchers. There are also several extra points that
may be clarified with the literature review examples. This is particularly true in disciplines in
medicine and the sciences where research conducted becomes obsolete very quickly as new
discoveries are made. This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative
Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute,
remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different
terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made
indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See:. Statistics from Altmetric.com Request permissions.
These were social media strategies and toolkits, and multi-faceted interventions (MFIs) (see Table 2
). Also, conducting a literature review for research paper establishes your familiarity with and
improves your understanding of current studies. Types of reviews 1. Define your research question 2.
The health system accountability impact of prison health committees in Zambia. Why leadership of
public leadership research matters: and what to do about it. Specifically, the study will examine the
effects of cyberbullying, social comparison, and excessive social media use on self-esteem, anxiety,
and depression. By following these steps you will be telling the specific story that sets the
background and shows the significance of your research and you can turn a network of related
works into a focused review of the literature. A flow diagram shows the number of studies
identified, screened, and included or excluded at each stage of study selection. A methodological
scope will influence either the types of documents in the review or the way in which these
documents are discussed. Make a list of keywords Start by creating a list of keywords related to
your research topic. It takes into account the context and complexities of real-world situations. This
template can be used for a research paper at any level of study. Schools are a group of organisations
that have always focused on outcomes other. GIFs Highlight your latest work via email or social
media with custom GIFs. Trop Med Infect Dis. 2018;3(2):48. Walsh M, Kittler MG, Mahal D.
Management Information Systems Quarterly. 2002; 26 (2):11. Whitlock E. P., Lin J. S., Chou R.,
Shekelle P., Robinson K.A. Using existing systematic reviews in complex systematic reviews. It
helps in topic refining, refocusing, and changing the ongoing discussions. This also means you will
not be writing the literature review at any one time, but constantly working on it before, during, and
after your study is complete. Leadership by individual leaders A leader-centric view has been the
dominant interpretation of leadership in the field of coproduction. Related items that provide
additional information, but that are not key to understanding the research problem, can be included
in a list of further readings. Historical background for your research Analyze what has been written
about your field of research to highlight what is new and significant in your study—or how the
analysis itself contributes to the understanding of this field, even in a small way. Neely, A. D., and
Adams, C. A., (2000). Perspectives on Performance: The. The literature review usually comes near
the beginning of your dissertation. Authors from our team are degree holders and also have
considerable writing experience.
The leadership of coproduction that thus emerges is shaped by issues such as the model of
coproduction, the stakeholders involved, participants’ motivations and the context of coproduction.
Taxonomies of implementation strategies do not fully account for the complex process of
implementation, which involves a range of different actors with different capacities and skills across
multiple system levels. This review contributes to the literature by providing knowledge regarding
how to make deliberate choices pertaining to coproduction leadership in terms of how it is
conceptualized and shared and the activities that are necessary for leading coproduction. Peer
Review reports Contribution to the literature Considerable time and money is invested in
implementing and evaluating strategies to increase the implementation of research into clinical
practice. Should you summarize, synthesize, or critique your sources by discussing a common theme
or issue. Chronological vs. categorical and other types of organization. We find that the most
insightful systematic reviews of MFIs engage in theoretical generalisation — they attempt to go
beyond the data of individual studies and discuss the wider implications of the findings of the
studies within their reviews drawing on implementation theory. A good RRL DOES: Present a brief
typology that orders articles and books into groups to help readers focus on unresolved debates,
inconsistencies, tensions, and new questions about a research topic. The only proofreading tool
specialized in correcting academic writing - try for free. Incorporating systems thinking and relevant
leadership models can offer new perspectives on collective leadership practices. A review organized
in this manner would shift between time periods within each section according to the point made.
Why leadership of public leadership research matters: and what to do about it. Debates, conflicts and
contradictions: where do sources disagree. You can use your literature review as evidence of what
works, what doesn’t, and what is missing in the field. Selection of checklist Numerous scales and
checklists exist for assessing the quality of qualitative studies. Publication bias: Literature reviews
may be influenced by publication bias, which occurs when researchers are more likely to publish
positive results than negative ones. Furthermore, a lot of nuance lies behind these headline findings,
and this is increasingly commented upon in the reviews themselves. The following provides a brief
description of the content of each: Introduction: Gives a quick idea of the topic of the literature
review, such as the central theme or organizational pattern. There is an increasing interest in the
visual aspects of social media. USC Libraries Research Guides Organizing Your Social Sciences
Research Paper 5. Here again, if the same authors are being cited again and again, this may indicate
no new literature has been written on the topic. Review the abstracts of research studies carefully.
Technology started developing at a rate that necessitated more and ongoing. However, for any
synthesis that underpins practice recommendations 39 assessment of included studies is integral to
the credibility of findings. Some universities may have some additional requirements, but these are
typically minor, with the core structure remaining the same. After you have written a first draft, you
should read it carefully and then edit and revise as needed. Keep careful notes so that you may track
your thought processes during the research process. We’ve written a step-by-step guide that you can
follow below. The purpose of this descriptive or mapping review was to characterize publication
trends in the medical informatics literature over a 20-year period (1987 to 2006). However, if there
are some points that need clarification or are missing from the overall context, they should be
mentioned.
The objective of this study was to update and extend two previous reviews of systematic reviews of
strategies designed to implement research evidence into clinical practice. It involves identifying,
evaluating, and synthesizing relevant literature, including scholarly articles, books, and other sources,
to provide a summary and critical assessment of what is known about the topic. Their model follows
the systematic data processing approach comprised of three steps, namely: (a) literature search and
screening; (b) data extraction and analysis; and (c) writing the literature review. Notice that Falk and
Mills weave references to other sources into their own text, but they still maintain their own voice by
starting and ending the paragraph with their own ideas and their own words. It's like a masterclass to
be explored at your own pace. You should be able to answer it based only on a review of existing
publications. Any lit review is only as good as the research it discusses; make sure your sources are
well-chosen and your research is thorough. Instead what is needed is better understanding and
building more situated, relational and organisational capability to support the use of research in
clinical practice. In: The SAGE Handbook of Organization Studies. edn. Edited by Clegg SR, Hardy
C, Lawrence TB, Nord WR. Some systematic reviews included comparisons of different
interventions while other reviews compared one type of intervention against a control group. Open
Google Slides Download PowerPoint If you want to know more about the research process,
methodology, research bias, or statistics, make sure to check out some of our other articles with
explanations and examples. Use the key words in your question, as well as synonyms for those
words, as terms in your search. Historical Review Few things rest in isolation from historical
precedent. The Writing Center. University of North Carolina; Onwuegbuzie, Anthony J. For
example, in a given study, perhaps some of the main concepts are X, Y, and Z. Introduction.
Literature review papers (LRPs) are often very helpful for researchers, as the reader gets an up-to-
date and well-structured overview of the literature in a specific area, and the review adds value.
Analysis of Performance Appraisal Systems on Employee Job Productivity in Pub. However, it is
also where you get to learn about the topic in great detail. Integrative Review Considered a form of
research that reviews, critiques, and synthesizes representative literature on a topic in an integrated
way such that new frameworks and perspectives on the topic are generated. A good strategy is to
begin by searching the USC Libraries Catalog for recent books about the topic and review the table
of contents for chapters that focuses on specific issues. After that, there is an option to highlight the
key points and give recommendations for future studies or research. Download citation Received: 11
April 2023 Accepted: 03 January 2024 Published: 17 February 2024 DOI: Share this article Anyone
you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not
currently available for this article. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Be
Selective Select only the most important points in each source to highlight in the review. We
searched from January 2010 up to June 2022 and applied no language restrictions. We proposed a
framework for coproduction leadership that takes into account the actors involved, the models of
leadership, and the leadership practices that emerge in different contexts and during different phases
of coproduction. Correct my document today Writing literature reviews can be quite challenging.
Several practices identified in this research, such as genuinely valuing diverse perspectives,
promoting mutual transformative power sharing and welcoming conflicts, require a complex mode of
meaning-making that results from psychological development. Third, multiple types of educational
practices are utilised — including input from patients as stakeholders in some cases. The Creative
Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( ) applies to the data made available in this article,
unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.