A

Micro Project Report

On
SEQUENTIAL LOGIC CIRCUIT
____________________________________

Submitted by
1. Rohit kalbhor
2. Raj dugane
3.Pratik divekar
4.Aryan chaudhari
Under the Guidance of
Mr. V.H.Pachangane

In the Partial Fulfilment of Third Semester of Diploma in

Information Technology

JSPM’s
JAYAWANTRAO SAWANT POLYTECHNIC, Handewadi Road, Hadapsar,
Pune-28
Department of Information Technology
Affiliated to

Maharashtra State
Board of Technical Education

Academic Year 2023-24

 Maharashtra State
Board of Technical Education

Certificate

This is to certify that Mr./Ms. ……………………………………………. with Roll No-………. has successfully
completed Micro-project in course DTM(22323) for the academic year 2022-23 as prescribed in the 'Assessent
Manual' during his/her tenure of completing Third Semester of Diploma Programme in Information Technology
from institute, Jayawantrao Sawant Polytechnic with institute code 0711.

Place: Enrollment No:

Date: Exam Seat No:

Course Teacher Head of the Department Head of the Institute

 Annexure – I

Group Details:

Sr.No Name of group Roll No Enrollment No Seat No

members

1. ROHIT KALBHOR 22

2. RAJ DUGANE 49
3. PRATIK DIVEKAR 04
4. ARYAN 57
CHAUDHARI

Name of Guide: Mr. V. H. Pachangane

 INDEX

SR.NO. CONTENT PAGE NO.

1 PROJECT ABSTRACT

2
CONTENT

3
CONCLUSION

4 REFERENCE

5 SOURCES USED
 PROJECT ABSTRACT

A sequential circuit consists of logic gates and flip-flops. A flip-flop (ff) is a bistable device
that has two outputs. One output indicates the true variable of the output, and the other
indicates its complement.
 CONTENT

WHAT IS A SEQUENTIAL LOGIC CIRCUIT ?

Sequential circuits are digital circuits that store and use the previous state information to
determine their next state. Unlike combinational circuits, which only depend on the current
input values to produce outputs, sequential circuits depend on both the current inputs and the
previous state stored in memory elements.
1. Sequential circuits are commonly used in digital systems to implement state machines,
timers, counters, and memory elements. The memory elements in sequential circuits can be
implemented using flip-flops, which are circuits that store binary values and maintain their
state even when the inputs change.
2. There are two types of sequential circuits: finite state machines (FSMs) and synchronous
sequential circuits. FSMs are designed to have a limited number of states and are typically
used to implement state machines and control systems. Synchronous sequential circuits, on
the other hand, are designed to have an infinite number of states and are typically used to
implement timers, counters, and memory elements.

-:CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:-
sequential circuits are digital circuits that store and use previous state information to determine
their next state.

They are commonly used in digital systems to implement state machines, timers, counters,
and memory elements and are essential components in digital systems design.
Sequential circuit is a combinational logic circuit that consists of inputs variable (X), logic gates
(Computational circuit), and output variable (Z).

The sequential circuit is a special type of circuit that has a series of inputs and outputs.

The outputs of the sequential circuits depend on both the combination of present inputs and
previous outputs.

The previous output is treated as the present state.

So, the sequential circuit contains the combinational circuit and its memory storage elements.

A sequential circuit doesn't need to always contain a combinational circuit. So, the sequential
circuit can contain only the memory element.

WORKING OF SEQUENTIAL LOGIC CIRCUIT:-

A sequential circuit is a logical circuit, where the output depends on the present value of the
input signal as well as the sequence of past inputs.

While a combinational circuit is a function of present input only. A sequential circuit is a

combination of a combinational circuit and a storage element.

What specifically does a sequential circuit need in order to reflect past input into its present
output? Clearly, it needs a memory element.

Such a memory element is called a flip-flop. There are four basic types of flip-flips, as
determined by structure and operation: RS, JK, D, and T.
ADVANTAGES OF SEQUENTIAL LOGIC CIRCUIT :-
1. Memory: Sequential circuits have memory elements that can store information. This allows them to
process data over time, making them useful for applications such as counters, timers, and state
machines.
2. Flexibility: Sequential circuits are flexible and can be designed to perform a wide variety of functions.
They can be used for both digital and analog applications.
3. Error correction: Sequential circuits can be designed to perform error correction functions. This
makes them useful for applications where errors are likely to occur, such as in data transmission
systems.

DISADVANTAGES OF SEQUENTIAL LOGIC CIRCUIT:-

1. Complexity: Sequential circuits are generally more complex than combinational circuits. This makes
them harder to design and debug.
2. Delay: Sequential circuits have a delay associated with the storage and retrieval of data from
memory elements. This delay can be significant for high-speed applications.
3. Timing issues: Sequential circuits can be susceptible to timing issues, such as clock skew and
metastability. These issues can cause errors in the output of the circuit.
4. Power consumption: Sequential circuits require power to maintain the stored information in
memory elements. This makes them less power-efficient than combinational circuits.

APPLICATIONS:-
 As a counter, shift register, flip-flops.
 Used to build the memory unit.
 As programmable devices (PLDs, FPGA, CPLDs)
DIFFERENCE:-

.
Types of Sequential Circuits:

There are two types of sequential circuits:

Type 1: Asynchronous sequential circuit:

These circuits do not use a clock signal but uses the pulses of the inputs.

These circuits are faster than synchronous sequential circuits because there is clock pulse and

change their state immediately when there is a change in the input signal.

We use asynchronous sequential circuits when speed of operation is important

and independent of internal clock pulse.

Type2: Synchronous sequential circuit:

These circuits uses clock signal and level inputs (or pulsed) (with restrictions on pulse width and

circuit propagation).

The output pulse is the same duration as the clock pulse for the clocked sequential circuits.

Since they wait for the next clock pulse to arrive to perform the next operation, so these circuits

are bit slower compared to asynchronous.

Level output changes state at the start of an input pulse and remains in that until the next input or

clock pulse.
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF SYNCHRONOUS SEQUENTIAL AND ASYNCHRONOUS
SEQUENTIAL LOGIC CIRCUIT :-
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SEQUENTIAL AND ASYNCHRONOUS
SEQUENTIAL LOGIC CIRCUIT:-
Types of Triggering

These are two types of triggering in sequential circuits:

Level triggering

The logic High and logic Low are the two levels in the clock signal. In level triggering, when the clock
pulse is at a particular level, only then the circuit is activated. There are the following types of level
triggering:

Positive level triggering

In a positive level triggering, the signal with Logic High occurs. So, in this triggering, the circuit is
operated with such type of clock signal. Below is the diagram of positive level triggering:

Negative level triggering

In negative level triggering, the signal with Logic Low occurs. So, in this triggering, the circuit is operated
with such type of clock signal. Below is the diagram of Negative level triggering:

Edge triggering

In clock signal of edge triggering, two types of transitions occur, i.e., transition either from Logic Low to
Logic High or Logic High to Logic Low.
Based on the transitions of the clock signal, there are the following types of
edge triggering:

Positive edge triggering

The transition from Logic Low to Logic High occurs in the clock signal of positive edge triggering. So, in
positive edge triggering, the circuit is operated with such type of clock signal. The diagram of positive
edge triggering is given below.

Negative edge triggering

The transition from Logic High to Logic low occurs in the clock signal of negative edge triggering. So, in
negative edge triggering, the circuit is operated with such type of clock signal. The diagram of negative
edge triggering is given below.
 CONCLUSION

In conclusion, sequential circuits have their advantages and disadvantages, but they
play an important role in digital systems design due to their ability to store and use
binary values, implement timing and synchronization, and implement state machines.
WEEKLY PROGRESS REPORT

MICRO PROJECT

SR.NO. WEEK ACTIVITY PERFORMED SIGN OF GUIDE DATE

1 1st Discussion and finalization of
topic

2 2nd Preparation and submission of

Abstract
3 3rd Literature Review

4 4th Collection of Data

5 5th Collection of Data

6 6th Discussion and outline of Content

7 7th Formulation of Content

8 8th Editing and proof Reading of

Content
9 9th Compilation of Report And
Presentation
10 10th Seminar

11 11th Viva voce

12 12th Final submission of Micro Project

Sign of the student Sign of the faculty

REFERENCE:

Internet.
Chrome.

SOURCES USED

MS word.
Chrome
 ANEEXURE II
Evaluation Sheet for the Micro Project
Academic Year: 2022-23 Name of the Faculty: MR.V.H.PANCHANGANE
Course: DTM Course code: 22323
Semester: III Title of the project: SEQUENTIAL LOGIC CIRCUIT
Cos addressed by Micro Project:
CO1: Formulate grammatically correct sentences.
CO2: Summarize comprehension passages.
CO3: Use relevant words as per context.
CO4: Use relevant words as per context.
CO5: Deliver prepared speeches to express ideas, thoughts and emotions.

Major learning outcomes achieved by students by doing the project

(a) Practical outcome:
1) Deliver oral presentations using correct grammar.

(b) Unit outcomes in Cognitive domain:

1) Use correct syntax to construct for given situations
(c) Outcomes in Affective domain:
1) Function as team member
2) Follow Ethics
Comments/suggestions about team work /leadership/inter-personal communication
(if any)
……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………

Marks out of 6 Marks out of 4for

for performance performance in
Roll No Student Name in group activity oral/ presentation Total out of 10
(D5 Col.8) (D5 Col.9)
MR. V. H . PANCHANGANE
(Signature of Faculty)