Reportable

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

CIVIL ORIGINAL JURISDICTION

Writ Petition (Civil) No 82 of 2023

Ajay Shankar Srivastava ... Petitioner(s)

Versus

Bar Council of India & Anr ... Respondent(s)

JUDGMENT

Dr Dhananjaya Y Chandrachud, CJI

1 The petitioner, who is a practising advocate, has invoked the jurisdiction of this

Court to seek two distinct reliefs. The first of them is for challenging an office

order dated 1 November 2022 of the Bar Council of India to all the State Bar

Councils, the purport of which (according to the petitioner) was to interdict the

process of verification of advocates who are enrolled with the State Bar Councils

for scrutinizing the genuineness of their degrees and enrollments. The second

issue deals with the method of co-opting members of the State Bar Councils to

fill up casual vacancies.

2 We have heard Mr Anand Nandan, counsel appearing on behalf of the petitioner

and Mr Manan Kumar Mishra, senior counsel, appearing on behalf of the Bar
Signature Not Verified

Digitally signed by
Sanjay Kumar
Council of India with Mr Apurba Kumar Sharma.
Date: 2023.04.13
11:25:04 IST
Reason:

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3 In 2015, the Bar Council of India notified the Bar Council of India Certificate and

Place of Practice (Verification) Rules 20151. The process of verification of the

certificates and place of practice commenced with efforts by the State Bar

Councils and the Bar Council of India.

4 The 2015 Rules were challenged before several High Courts, including the High

Court of Delhi. A Transfer Petition was instituted before this Court by the Bar

Council of India. The proceedings pending before diverse High Courts were

transferred to this Court in Transferred Case (Civil) No 126 of 2015.

5 The Bar Council of India constituted a High Powered Committee for monitoring

the process of verification which was headed by a former Judge of the Supreme

Court, two former Judges of the High Courts and three members of the Bar

Council of India.

6 The process of verification encountered difficulties as a result of the charges

which were demanded by the Universities for verification of the educational

certificates of the advocates. On 1 March 2017, a two-Judge Bench of this Court

issued a direction to all the Universities not to demand charges for verification of

educational certificates.

7 The process of verification has consumed time as the number of advocates

which stood at 16 lakh, at the material time, is estimated to be almost 25.70

lakh, at the present. The counter affidavit which has been filed by the Bar

Council of India indicates the State-wise position in regard to verification of

enrolled advocates. The tabulated statement is produced below:

1 “2015 Rules”

2
3
8 The above statement indicates that out of 20.57 lakh advocates, about 7.55 lakh

forms were received for the purpose of verification. Senior advocates and

advocates-on-record were only required to issue a declaration and, accordingly,

1.99 lakh declarations have been received. The total number of forms received

is, thus, 9.22 lakhs, as indicated in the above table.

9 The above table indicates that a majority of advocates enrolled with the State

Bar Councils have not submitted their verification forms. The Bar Council of India

apprehends that many advocates who have not submitted their forms for

verification are persons who are not qualified or are “in possession of fake

degrees”. The Bar Council of India has submitted and, with justification, that this

class of persons, without the possession of qualifications required for law

practice, is known to enter upon the arena of courts for extraneous purposes,

including the disruption of work. The Bar Council of India is justified in asserting

that such persons have to be identified and weeded out from the list of

advocates enrolled with the Bar Councils.

10 The due verification of advocates who are enrolled with the State Bar Councils, is

of utmost importance to preserve the integrity of the administration of justice.

Persons who profess to be lawyers, but do not either have the educational

qualifications or degree certificates on the basis of which they could have

lawfully granted entry to the Bar, pose a grave danger to the administration of

justice to citizens. Hence, it is the duty of every genuine advocate of the

country to ensure that they cooperate with the Bar Council of India which is

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 seeking to ensure that the certificates of practice are duly verified, together with

the underlying educational degree certificates. Unless this exercise is carried out

periodically, there is a danger that the administration of justice would be under a

serious cloud. The written submission which has been placed on the record by

the Bar Council of India indicates that several such persons have been elected to

State Bar Councils and some persons have thereafter occupied judicial office in

the district judiciary as well.

11 The communication which was issued by the Bar Council of India on 1 November

2022 took exception to the fact that the Bar Council of the State of Uttar

Pradesh had started the process of verification in a hurried manner without

verifying the genuineness and validity of the educational certificates and

degrees of advocates. The letter adverts to the fact that certificates of practice

were being issued by the State Bar Council. Hence, all State Bar Councils were

directed not to proceed with the process of verification till further orders.

However, it was clarified that the State Bar Councils which are verifying the

genuineness and validity of degree certificates shall continue to do so.

12 Mr Manan Kumar Mishra, Senior Counsel and the Chairperson of the Bar Council

of India, has clarified, during the course of the submission, that the intent of the

letter dated 1 November 2022 was not to direct the cessation of the process of

verification, but only to ensure that the process of verification was not carried

out merely on the basis of the certificates of practice issued by the State Bar

Council without verifying the genuineness and validity of degree certificates.

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13 Having regard to the larger dimensions of this matter and the direct impact

which the enrollment of fake degree holders and other persons who are not

found to be in possession of the qualifications required for entry into the Bar

have on the administration of justice, we accede to the suggestion of the Bar

Council of India that a High Powered Committee should be constituted by this

Court to monitor the process of verification. In our view, such a High Powered

Committee should be chaired by a former Judge of this Court and its members

should consist of: (i) two Judges of the High Court; (ii) two senior advocates; and

(iii) three members of the Bar Council of India. The above suggestion has been

accepted by the Bar Council of India.

14 We accordingly direct that the Committee shall consist of the following persons:

(i) Mr Justice Deepak Gupta, former Judge of the Supreme Court;

(ii) Mr Justice Arun Tandon, former Judge of the High Court of Judicature at

Allahabad;

(iii) Mr Justice Rajendra Menon, former Chief Justice of the High Court of Delhi;

(iv) Mr Rakesh Dwivedi, Senior Advocate; and

(v) Mr Maninder Singh, Senior Advocate.

The Bar Council of India shall be at liberty to nominate three members. The

Secretary to the Bar Council of India shall be the nodal officer to facilitate all

logistical assistance to be rendered to the members of the Committee. The

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 honorarium payable to the members of the Committee shall be fixed by the

Chairperson in consultation with the Bar Council of India.

15 The Committee constituted by this Court is empowered to monitor the process of

verification. The Committee would be at liberty to issue necessary guidelines

and directions to ensure that the process of verification of advocates is duly

carried out. The process of verification shall encompass both the educational

degree certificates and the certificates of enrollment of the advocates

concerned. All State Bar Councils shall comply with the directions of the

Committee and report compliance.

16 All Universities and Examination Boards shall verify the genuineness of the

educational certificates without charging any fee for the purpose of verification.

The requisitions made by the Bar Councils shall be carried out without undue

delay and the reports of the verification shall be submitted expeditiously.

17 We request the Committee to commence work at its early convenience by

convening the first meeting on a mutually convenient date and time. A status

report shall be submitted before this Court by 31 August 2023 on the process

which is being carried out.

18 We clarify that the present order for constituting the Committee in order to

effectuate the process of verification shall not be in and of itself construed as a

direction for extending the existing terms of the Bar Councils.

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19 List the petition on 11 September 2023.

..…..…....…........……………….…........CJI.
[Dr Dhananjaya Y Chandrachud]

…..…..…....…........……………….…........J.
[Pamidighantam Sri Narasimha]

…..…..…....…........……………….…........J.
[J B Pardiwala]

New Delhi;
April 10, 2023
-S-

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ITEM NO.28 COURT NO.1 SECTION X

S U P R E M E C O U R T O F I N D I A
RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS

Writ Petition(s)(Civil) No(s).82/2023

AJAY SHANKAR SRIVASTAVA Petitioner(s)

VERSUS

BAR COUNCIL OF INDIA & ANR. Respondent(s)

(FOR ADMISSION and IA No.15785/2023-EXEMPTION FROM FILING O.T.)

Date : 10-04-2023 This petition was called on for hearing today.

CORAM :
HON'BLE THE CHIEF JUSTICE
HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE PAMIDIGHANTAM SRI NARASIMHA
HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE J.B. PARDIWALA

For Petitioner(s) Mr. Anand Nandan, Adv.

Mr. Amit Pawan, AOR
Mr. Dhruv Shankar Misra, Adv.
Mr. Mohd Faiz, Adv.
Mr. Zubair, Adv.
Mr. Aakarsh, Adv.
Ms. Shubhangi, Adv.
Mr. Akshat Srivastava, Adv.

For Respondent(s) Mr. Manan Kumar Mishra, Sr. Adv.

Mr. Apurba Kumar Sharma, Sr. Adv.
Ms. Radhika Gautam, AOR
Ms. Anjul Divedi, Adv.

UPON hearing the counsel the Court made the following

O R D E R

1 In terms of the signed reportable judgment, we direct that the Committee shall

consist of the following persons:

(i) Mr Justice Deepak Gupta, former Judge of the Supreme Court;

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 (ii) Mr Justice Arun Tandon, former Judge of the High Court of Judicature at

Allahabad;

(iii) Mr Justice Rajendra Menon, former Chief Justice of the High Court of Delhi;

(iv) Mr Rakesh Dwivedi, Senior Advocate; and

(v) Mr Maninder Singh, Senior Advocate.

The Bar Council of India shall be at liberty to nominate three members. The

Secretary to the Bar Council of India shall be the nodal officer to facilitate all

logistical assistance to be rendered to the members of the Committee. The

honorarium payable to the members of the Committee shall be fixed by the

Chairperson in consultation with the Bar Council of India.

2 The Committee constituted by this Court is empowered to monitor the process of

verification. The Committee would be at liberty to issue necessary guidelines

and directions to ensure that the process of verification of advocates is duly

carried out. The process of verification shall encompass both the educational

degree certificates and the certificates of enrollment of the advocates

concerned. All State Bar Councils shall comply with the directions of the

Committee and report compliance.

3 All Universities and Examination Boards shall verify the genuineness of the

educational certificates without charging any fee for the purpose of verification.

The requisitions made by the Bar Councils shall be carried out without undue

delay and the reports of the verification shall be submitted expeditiously.

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4 We request the Committee to commence work at its early convenience by

convening the first meeting on a mutually convenient date and time. A status

report shall be submitted before this Court by 31 August 2023 on the process

which is being carried out.

5 We clarify that the present order for constituting the Committee in order to

effectuate the process of verification shall not be in and of itself construed as a

direction for extending the existing terms of the Bar Councils.

6 List the petition on 11 September 2023.

7 List Transferred Case No 126 of 2015 and connected matters with Writ Petition

(Civil) No 82 of 2023 on the next date of listing.

(SANJAY KUMAR-I) (SAROJ KUMARI GAUR)

DEPUTY REGISTRAR ASSISTANT REGISTRAR
(Signed reportable judgment is placed on the file)

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