Chapter Two Literature Review PDF
Chapter Two Literature Review PDF
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The ideas and concepts pertaining to faculty retention, faculty satisfaction, and faculty workload and
modes of instruction were mainly searched and synthesized for this study. According to van Manen
(1990), “At the most general level of the lifeworld we may find that this grounding level of human
existence may also be studied in its fundamental thematic structure” (p. 101). van Manen goes on to
reflect that “there are four existential concepts that may prove especially helpful as guides for
reflection in the research process. According to Trochim and Donnelly (2008), “all qualitative data
can be coded quantitatively” (p. 144). Though the responses will be qualitative, the researcher will
develop a classification coding system that represents a theme for the responses, thus offering the
ability to create a coding table allowing for data aggregation and analysis. Personal characteristics
refer to the gender, ethnicity, educational attainment, age, marriage status and family financial
situation. All faculty, regardless of academic discipline will be offered the opportunity to be involved
in the research, whether they are tenured or non-tenured, full or part-time. The perceived level of
demand associated with different teaching tasks has been recognized as a significant stressor in
many specific studies and in more general reviews of stress among teachers. The sociological theory
predicts a decline, as external rewards for teaching are limited. There are few theoretical models that
try to explain, predict or understand job satisfaction. Chapter 2 thesis sample review of related
literature. These two demographic mediators may contribute to the departure of faculty members
from the academe or create interference with their jobs. They care more for external extrinsic rewards
to be awarded to them. To develop a comprehensive reporting plan, managing the data will be
accomplished by creating grids and summaries in an excel spreadsheet. International Journal of
Qualitative Methods, 3(1). The perceived quality of an institution somewhat relies on the quality of
faculty therefore faculty recruitment and retention should be given much importance. As the
characteristics of faculty are not easily influenced, the institutional impacts are also not felt
immediately. The aim of the researcher is to describe as accurately as possible the phenomenon,
refraining from any pre-given framework, but remaining true to the facts. While efforts have been
made in the search and hiring process of faculty, each departure has represented a poor return on
investment. Demographics also play an important role in job satisfaction as it is stable and remains
fixed throughout one’s career. In relation to aging, the faculty needs to have a quantity of this kind
of quality over a specified timespan (for example, number of scholarly articles over 10 years).
Although there is ample support for the inclusion of stress in any model referring to job satisfaction,
its absence from the conceptual framework was not an oversight. However, this is complex in nature
and extent and largely dependent on other factors such as the racial composition of the working
environment, as well as the situational salience, the level of distinctiveness and interpretation of
token status experienced by the worker. The workload impact is significant, as most part-time
faculty do not have the available time to meet with his or her students, update or develop new class
syllabi Page 29. Though small qualitative studies are not generalized in the traditional sense, some
have redeeming qualities that set them above the requirement (Myers, 2000). Thus, Google
Classroom will provide a blended learning platform in the education aspect. Significantly, this
chapter will also review about the history and present studies of blended learning, its continuum and
approaches, and the chosen approach for this research study, which is SRM. This is defined as what
the faculty are doing when they are neither teaching nor engaging in research. Responses will be
reviewed for consistency such that connections can be made, if possible, between the respondent
responses and how they address the issue pertaining to their workload. Opdenakker, R. (2006,
September). Advantages and disadvantages of four interview techniques in qualitative research. New
Directions for Institutional Research(105), 5-20. There are six triggers identified: changes in life
stage, in family-related circumstance, in rank or tenure, in institutional setting, in perceived justice
and in emotional state.
Retrieved from Rochester Institute of Technology. (n.d.). What is a blended course. They have
included three major clusters of factors: the organizational characteristics, individual characteristics
and work experiences. The most prevalent of the themes were that of sustainable workplaces and if
the faculty possesses a sense of contribution not only to his or her educational professional career but
also to the educational organization for which they are employed. Often indicators of faculty
satisfaction and involvement are: gender, rank, tenure, and number of years worked in the institution
and in higher education. The principal indicator of teaching quality is the student rating form, which
could come in one variant or another. In line with this, it is also good to keep in mind that faculty
satisfaction discussion is by nature a subjective matter because evaluation of job responsibilities and
roles is on an individual and personal basis. These assistants can significantly lessen the stress and
burden that a faculty member is carrying on his or her shoulder. At most community colleges and
comprehensive universities, full-time faculty are required to teach four or five courses per semester.
The institutional support and value for online teaching also affects the level of faculty satisfaction.
The present study examined institutional repositories developed in India from two perspectives: IR
Development and Management; and Users of institutions having IR. An extension of the theory
introduced the concept of improved communication and trust as being a key to faculty involvement.
These also act as an indicator of time commitment for the implementation of the innovation. Blended
Learning English language teaching Teaching Modes In Blended Langua. For this research study, in-
depth phenomenological interviews will be conducted to identify the participant’s experiences and
feelings. One way to increase faculty satisfaction is to have an approach focused on institutional
support, emphasizing the goals of the institution and how they could contribute to its improvement
and Page 17. Triggers are significant life events that may be either related or unrelated to the job.
Nevertheless, the history and significance of blended learning, as well as the depth of SRM approach
must be studied. These are all necessary to overcome the fourth R, faculty resistance. Having new
faculty members could bring in fresh, new ideas and suggestions into the academic world. In order to
do this, a faculty member must know the campus culture and campus factors that may be a hindrance
to the chosen method of teaching (Santiago, 2002). The academic discipline influences faculty’s
educational backgrounds, world outlooks and work experience. Within their own fields, some unique
subject matters could define the dimensions of knowledge, modes of inquiry, significant reference
groups, and the rewards the faculty stands to gain within them. It could be seen as a decline in
productivity with age, while it is the opposite in reality. It should be noted that the measure subject to
analysis is the quality of the pedagogical performance rather than the quantity of teaching. This study
investigated the real implementation of blended learning in English listening class. Open-ended
interview questions will be developed that will strategically map to the study’s defined research
questions. The time for compensated activities, such as funded research or training grants that
provide salary support, teaching of courses, clinical practice and consultation contracts are also
included in the workload policy. Institutions should also acknowledge the special burdens of faculty
at earlier career stages in order to monitor their development and helping them overcome initial career
anxiety. They could also provide and promote professional development opportunities that would
encourage the faculty to understand the benefits they stand to gain from their involvement.
The internal factors include both the tangible and intangible benefits of the job, such as personal and
institutional reputation, autonomy, wages, facilities, work rules and fringe benefits. First, it stems
from disincentives for involvement- those values and reward systems of higher education that give
higher priority to research and publication activities instead of those related to teaching. Studying
workload of faculty members could bring beneficial effects to the universities. It will measure the
participant’s experience and the contexts or situations in which they experience it (Creswell, 2009, p.
130). Once the interview is complete and the 20 interview questions have been answered, a
structured debriefing protocol will be put in place. Methodological Assumptions, Limitations, and
Delimitations Although the study will be covering a wide range of faculty members through
considering all undergraduate faculty, there are certain limitations to the study. Meanwhile, it could
also act as a representation of the works of pioneers and heroes in a field as these would be the ones
which are cited most. The article addressed the issue that there is a trend for faculty to have large
teaching loads, impeding their available time for scholarly endeavors. Minimizing the negative
individual and environmental conditions within an academic institution will help in gaining loyalty
and at the same time increasing satisfaction of faculty members. These tasks are time consuming and
just serve as burden to the faculty. Others may have a small dip and another rise before experiencing
a decline. This information will be identified through inductive, qualitative methods such as
interviews and discussions. The Marcus Theory on faculty involvement in campus innovation
hypothesized that faculty involvement is a function of resources, perceived value of innovation, and
communication. This is the opportunity that the administrators need, as they could involve external
groups such as accreditation, state policies and professional associations to help promote faculty
involvement. Chapter 2 thesis sample review of related literature. These are unhealthy factors that
greatly influence the emotions and decision-making of faculties. The results of this study indicate
that SMAN 1 Porong has successfully implemented blended learning, especially for English lessons.
Data will then be organized into logical categories that summarize and bring meaning to the
manuscript of notes. The research value of qualitative studies is based on the participant’s responses
in context to the research questions, as such, the issue of generalization of the research finding needs
to be explored. Faculty members who left their institutions to accept an outside offer were found to
have been related to the expected salary gain. Faculty members are expected to (1) contribute service
to the school, (2) provide reports and other information needed by the departments, (3) proctor
exams for the courses in which they teach. This however creates organizational conflict, as faculty
workloads have increased over time, creating a dichotomy of obligations, one for work and one for
academic promotion and tenure. Biological theories would have predicted a positive relationship
since the role performance does not necessarily suffer from physiological deterioration. Creswell, J.
W. (2009) Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (3rd ed.).
Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Dewson, M. (2005, August). Managing faculty workload to
reflect differences among disciplines. To analyze the data collected, interviews will be conducted
both individually with faculty members as well Page 51. To identify general response patterns and
themes, the author will count and identify consistent responses. This is defined as what the faculty
are doing when they are neither teaching nor engaging in research. Performance level of hrm student
related in bar and beverages essay a literature review on what is the impact of adult intervention on.
Another factor should be the compensation- on how the faculty should receive it for 40 hours each
week for 52 weeks. Additional references such as published report and online sources were
identified concerning the mode of direct instruction and how managing faculty’s workload can
directly influence the retention rate of the faculty. Accrediting bodies and other researchers have used
worker satisfaction as an indicator of organizational effectiveness.