Disaster Readiness and Risks Reduction -Alternative Delivery Mode

Quarter 3 – Module 9-10: Hazards: Types

First Edition, 2020
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Risk Reduction
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Quarter 3 – Week 5 Published by the Department of Education

Hazard: Types and Impacts

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Annalyn Sevilla
Development Team of the Module
Writers: Ruby C. Bautista, Angelyn T. Natividad and Rodgem A. Barairo
Editors: Aries B. Manalo, Riza Mae S. Sanchez, Ginalyn H. Aquino, and Josefina M. Fabra
Reviewers: Desiree D. Vista and Rex J. Vibal
Illustrator: Leumel M. Cadapan
Layout Artist: Dyessa Jane P. Calderon and Leumel M. Cadapan
Management Team: Regional Director: Wilfredo E. Cabral
CLMD Chief: Job S. Zape Jr.
Regional EPS In Charge of LRMS: Eugenio S. Adrao
Regional ADM Coordinator: Elaine T. Balaogan
School Division Superintendent/s: Rosemarie D. Torres
Assistant School Division Superintendent/s: Ernesto D. Lindo
CID Chief/s Dolorosa S. De Castro
Division EPS/s In Charge of LRMS: Cristeta M. Arasco

What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the Disaster Readiness and Risks Reduction on the topic Hazard: Its Types and
Impacts. It contains different information about hazard and comprises of various samples.
The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations
specifically in dealing various hazards. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence
of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with
the module you are now using.
Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Region IV-A CALABARZON The module focused on the concept of hazard, its types and impacts.
Office Address: Gate 2 Karangalan Village, Barangay San Isidro, Cainta, Rizal 1800
After going through this module, you are expected to:
Telefax: 02-8682-5773/8684-4914/8647-7487
1. Define and cite examples of the types of hazards (DRR11/12-Ie-14-15)
E-mail Address: region4a@deped.gov.ph / ict.calabarzon@deped.gov.ph 2
2. observe proper precautions signs and symbols in hazard areas; and
 3. appreciate the importance of observing precautionary measures
Octopus-wiring and electrical connections might lead to fire. This is common in small houses
4. explain the impacts of various hazards on different exposed elements; (DRR11/12-Ie-16)
with large number of family members, making each family member susceptible to the danger.
5. classify hazard impacts;
6. perform hazard identification and risk assessment; and D 8. Which is the hazard in the given situation?
7. recognize the value of being disaster-resilient. B 9. Which is the risk in the given scenario?
C 10. Which gives the information on vulnerability?
What I Know
Read the following sentences carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. Which is not the meaning of Hazard?
Lesson 1 Hazard and Its Types
A. Hazard is an agent which has the potential to cause harm to vulnerable target.
B. Hazard cannot cause harm or damage to humans, property, or environment.
This lesson introduces various
C. Hazard is defined as the source of danger and is something that may cause
concepts underlying hazard and
injury or harm. It is also the uncertain course of events in a country. determine types of hazard and its
D. Hazard is a dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition example. In the varied information
that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, given in this module it will help
loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption, or students understand the major
environmental damage. effects of hazards and how to prevent
2. Which is an example of Natural Hazard? and avoid that to happen. It will also
A. avalanche B. plane crash C. pollution D. smog serve as a warning or signal.
3. This type of hazards arises directly as a result of human activities. Source: Richard J. King, hazard_risk_cartoon_456.jpg., 2012,
A. natural hazards C. technological (or man-made) hazards https://d32ogoqmya1dw8.cloudfront.net
B. quasi-natural hazards D. none of the above
What’s New /images
4. Which is not an example of Quasi- Natural Hazards?
A. air pollution C. volcanic eruptions
B. smog D. water Pollution Identifying potential hazards can eliminate or control unintentional injuries, property
5. Bush Fire is an example of what types of Hazards? damage or even worst, losing one’s life that might happen in the future.
A. natural hazards C. technological (or man-made) hazards
Activity 1.1: SPOT THE HAZARD 1
B. quasi-natural hazards D. none of the above
6. Vergel suffers from a mental depression after he lost his job when the company where
Find hazards on the given pictures and answer the following questions below
he used to work retrenched many of its employees. What type of hazard impact does
Vergel’s depression belong? A. hazard
at home
A. biological B. environmental C. physical D. psychological
7. It refers to knowing all the agents in a certain workplace that can cause accidents or any
type of harm.
A. hazard identification C. safety management
B. risk assessment D. SWOT analysis

For items 8 to 10, use the following choices.

A. living in a small house
3 B. potential occurrence of fire
4
C. large number of family members in a small house Source: Danger in the kitchen, www.google.com, accessed October 2019,
https://www.twinkl.co.uk/resource/cfe -h-011-dangers-in-the-kitchen-activity-sheet
D. octopus-wiring and electrical connections
 Disasters are often described as a result of the combination of the exposure to hazard, the
B. hazard at conditions of the vulnerability that are present, and insufficient capacity or measures to
school reduce or cope with the potential negative consequences. Disaster impacts may include
loss of life, injury, disease and other negative effects on human physical, mental and social
well-being, together with damage to property, destruction of assets, loss of services, social
and economic disruption and environmental degradation.

Hazard is a dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may cause
loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services,
social and economic disruption, or environmental damage. (UNISDR, 2009, adapted by
Philippines DRR Law, 2010)

Hazards can be categorized in different types:

Source: Slip, Trip and Fall Hazards, accessed March 9, 2015,
1. Natural hazards - arise from natural processes in the environment.
www.youtube.com,https://youtu.be/ChQ8aoeHoEQ?t=146
e.g. earthquakes, tsunami, landslides, volcanic eruptions and floods
C. hazard outside 2. Quasi-natural hazards- arise through the interaction of natural processes and human
activities
e.g. pollution or desertification, smog and fog
3. Man-made hazards- These arise directly as a result of human activities.
e.g. accidental release of chemicals, toxic and pesticides to floral and fauna

Hazards Signs and Symbols

Each picture is designed to become recognizable to anyone as a signal word like “danger” or
“warning”.
Man Made Hazards Signs and Symbols

• FLAME
Source: Macky Lim, Sun Star Davao, June 2, 2020, https://www.sunstar.com.ph/ Flammable, self- heating, emits flammable gas, and pyrophoric
article/1801175

1. List down at least 5 different hazards found at home, school and outside. • HEALTH HAZARD
2. Classify the types of Hazards present on the given picture. Reproductive toxicity, respiratory sensitizer, target organ toxicity,
3. Can the effects of hazards be avoided? How? aspiration toxicity
•EXPLODING BOMB
Explosives, self-reactives, organic peroxides
What is It
Disaster is a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving • SKULL AND CROSSBONES
Fatal or toxic, acute toxicity
widespread human, material, economic, or environmental losses and impacts which
exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources. Source: Safety Symbols and Their Meanings, February 1, 2018,
(UNISDR, 2009, adapted by Philippines DRR Law, 2010). https://www.dcmgroup.ca/en/news/safety-symbols-and-their-meanings-2/
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Quasi-Natural Signs and Symbols (ENVIRONMENT ) 1. avalanche 10. volcanic eruptions 18. plane crashes
2. oil spill 11. biological attacks 19.landslides
3. mining explosions 12. polluting ground water 20.droughts
4. wild fires/bush fires 13. dam failures 21. fires
5. transportation 14. storm surge 22. earthquake
accidents
Aquatic toxicity Air toxicity high waves/tsunami 6. Lightning 15. acid rain 23. global warming
Source: Wamsler, Smog warning sign, grungy style, vector illustration, www.google.com., 7. air pollution 16. typhoon 24. floods
https://www.123rf.com/photo_37312853_stock-vector-smog-warning-sign- grungy-style-vector- 8. Desertification 17. water pollution 25. Smog
illustration.html 9. tuberculosis

Natural Hazards Signs and Symbols

What I Have Learned
Hazard is a dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may cause loss of
life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and
economic disruption, or environmental damage.
Hazards can be categorized as natural hazards, quasi-natural hazards, and man-made hazards.
Hazards can lead to disasters depending on some factors such as exposure, vulnerability, and coping
capacity of a community.

-END OF LESSON 1-

Lesson Hazard: Its Impact, Identification

2 and Risk Assessment

In any workplace or environment, safety works best if hazards and its impacts are
Source: Much Mania, Natural Disaster Warning Signs, Caution, Danger, Hazard Symbol Set, 2003- identified. Moreover, assessment of risks accompanying hazards must also be done to ensure safety
2020, https://www.shutterstock.com/image-vector/natural-disaster-warning-signs-caution-danger- or at least minimize the impact of hazards, if not totally eradicated. A sound safety management
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program must be established to avoid injuries and unpleasant events brought about by hazards and
accompanying risks.
What’s More
What’s In
Activity 1.2. Arrange Me!
Put the following hazards to the type it belongs by writing the letter indicated on the type A hazard is defined is simply a condition or a set of circumstances that present a potential
of hazards. (On gform) for harm. So far, you also have learned that hazards are divided into two broad categories: health
A. Natural hazards hazard (can cause occupational illnesses) and safety hazard (can cause physical harm or injuries). A
B. Quasi-natural hazards hazard can also be classified into six types which are biological, chemical, physical,
C. Man-made hazards safety, ergonomic and psychosocial. 8
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 On the other hand, risk refers to the potential for loss, damage or destruction a UNEMPLOYMENT
5. UTENMENPMOLY ____________ DISCRIMINATION
6. NOITMIRCISNIDA ____________
hazard can cause while vulnerability refers to the characteristics of a community or No-work-no-pay scenario brought by In a world where one culture is not
system that make it susceptible to the possible damaging effects of a hazard. For example, economic dilemma being embraced by another’s
a doctor who is handling a patient infected with a virus (hazard) has a high chance of culture
getting infected (risk) if she has poor immune system and does not wear personal
protective equipment (vulnerability).

What’s New
Activity 2.1. 1Pic 1Word
Instructions: Refer to the given pictures and captions to guess the word/s by arranging
the jumbled letters. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
ANXIETY
1. NEXYITA _____________
What is It
Too much fear and worrying after What are the Different Impacts of Hazards?
after a loved-one died of COVID- A hazard can bring about many impacts which can come in different types.
Facilities and infrastructures are commonly the target of natural hazards. Specifically,
FOREST FIRE these impacts can trigger accidents and the release of toxic substances, fires and
2. FOSTER RIFE _____________
explosions, potentially resulting in health effects, environmental pollution and economic
The burning of Amazon rainforest in
losses.
Brazil 19 (2019) leaving many species dead
& homeless One way to classify hazard impacts is by means of general impact themes namely:

• Danger to life which includes physical and psychological harm and diseases
• Denial of access like energy, water, communication and transport access
SLIPPERY
3. LSIYERPR __________ CORONAVIRUS
4. ROVOCIRUSNA ____________ • Damage to the physical environment like buildings and land
The difficulty to hold firmly or stand on An invisible enemy which originated For the purpose of this module, we will focus on six (6) more specific types of hazard
from something because it is smooth, in Wuhan, China in 2019 that caused impacts.
wet or slimy respiratory illnesses and is highly 1. Physical impact
contagious - Physical injuries (bone fracture, wounds, bruises)
- Destruction and loss of vital infrastructure like transportation system,
roads, bridges, power lines and communication lines.
- Wide spread destruction of housing and buildings
2. Psychological impact
- Grief and psychological illness
- Marital conflict
- Depression due to loss of loved ones and properties
- Chronic anxiety
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 3. Socio- cultural impact b. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) - obtain them from manufacturers and
- Displacement of population suppliers. It gives information on possible harm from hazardous substances and
- Loss of cultural identity precautions that need to be taken.
- Forced of adoption of new sets of culture c. Hazard and risk surveys - interview other people about their safety concerns as
- Ethnic conflicts far as the workplace is concerned. Utmost consideration should be given to
4. Economic impact children or visitors who could be at risk.
- Loss of job due to displacement d. Discussion groups - are useful for identifying hazards and recommending
- Loss of harvest and livestock solutions.
- Loss of farms, fish cages and other source of food - Loss of money and e. Safety audits – a committee must be assigned to periodically check safety in the
other valuables
area.
5. Environmental impact
- Loss of forest due to forest fires 2. Assess the Risk. Once a hazard has been identified, the likelihood and possible
- Loss of fresh water due to salination severity of injury or harm will need to be assessed before determining how best to
- Disturbance of biodiversity minimize the risk. High-risk hazards need to be addressed more urgently than low- risk
- Loss of natural rivers ones. (See Table 1)
6. Biological impact
- Epidemic to people, flora and fauna 3. Make the changes. Once risks are assessed, the next step is to make decision for
- Chronic and permanent illness caused by biological agents some necessary changes. These changes include removing the hazard and replacing it
- Proliferation of different viral diseases with something less hazardous, engineering modifications like installation of exhausts,
safety barriers and safety exits, modification of procedures, etc. Combination of the risk
control measures mentioned above to effectively reduce exposure to hazards can also
Identification of Hazards and Risk Assessment be done. (See Table 2)

Hazard identification is the process of determining all physical and nonphysical agents in
4. Checking the changes made. To make sure risk has been minimized, and a
the workplace or specific environment. Most occupational health and safety problems
further hazard has not been created, the new safety measures may need to be carefully
are caused by hazards which are not eliminated or managed. In order to prevent tested before work begins again. Risk assessment doesn’t end with making changes. It is
untoward incidents in a workplace or community, elimination or controlling of hazards is essential that these changes made are monitored and checked. It must be monitored if
crucial. In some workplaces where hazards cannot be eliminated, they must be the changes done are being followed consistently and if these changes contribute to the
monitored and properly managed at the least. improvement of safety management in the workplace. This last step has to be done
periodically to accurately assess the effectiveness of the entire process.
Risk assessment is a way to determine which hazards and risks should prioritized by
taking into consideration the probability and severity of impact.

Steps in hazard identification and risk assessment.

1. Identify the hazards. Use the following methods:
a. Observation - use your senses of sight, hearing, smell and touch - combined with
knowledge and experience.
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Table 1. Risk Assessment Scoring Matrix Activity 2.2: That Hazard Looks Familiar!
Instruction: Spot 5 hazards you can identify from the picture. On a photocopy of the image,
ENCIRCLE the hazards you can see using a red-inked pen/ highlighter

Source: Gulsum Kubra Kaya, Research Gate, Activities 1.1, defines the components of Safety Management. Remember under all circumstances,
Risk Level Matrix, cliché as it may sound, SAFETY FIRST must be ensured because when safety is compromised
www.researchgate.net/profile/Gulsum accidents might happen and quality of work suffers.

What I Can Do (PT)

Table 2. Risk assessment and control measures to counter risks
Perform a Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment using the HAZARD HUNTING output.
• Know which risk to be prioritized using the risk assessment.
• Propose changes in order to reduce risks.
• Fill in the table below.
Table 3. Risk assessment from identified hazards in our school

Location in Changes made to

Hazard
the house Risk Probability Impact Risk Level reduce the risk
(3 only)

Source: Gulsum Kubra Kaya, Research Gate, Risk Level Matrix,www.researchgate.net/profile/Gulsum 15 -END OF LESSON 2-
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