The Transfer of Property Act, 1882

Act No. IV (04) of 1882

Came into forec -01 July, 1882
01. TP ¯^qsm¤ú~Y© AvBb wKbv?
¯^qsm¤ú~Y© bq KviY GB AvBb‡K h_vh_fv‡e ev¯Íevqb Ki‡Z †M‡j Contract Act, 1872 Ges Registration
Act, 1908 Gi mvnvh¨ wb‡Z nq| ZvQvov, GB AvBb only RxweZ e¨w³‡`i g‡a¨ ¯’vei m¤úwË n¯ÍvšÍ‡ii †ÿ‡Î
cÖ‡hvR¨| DBj Øviv m¤úwË n¯ÍvšÍ‡ii ‡ÿ‡Î GB AvBb cÖ‡hvR¨ bv| KviY, DBjKvixi g„Zy¨i ci Zv Kvh©Ki nq, hv
GB AvBbvwm× bq|
02. m¤úwË n¯ÍvšÍ‡ii welqe¯‘ 1882 mv‡ji c~‡e© wbqwš¿Z n‡Zv English Law Ges Equity bxwZ Abymv‡i|
03. Scope:
mxwgZ| mKj cÖKvi m¤úwËi †ÿ‡Î cª‡hvR¨ bv| cY¨ weµq – The Sale of Goods Act, 1930 Øviv wbqwš¿Z
n‡e|
04. Section (05-37) Qvov TP Act Gi AwaKvsk weavb Immovable Property n¯ÍvšÍ‡ii †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨|
05. Immovable property: [Previous Question]
¯’vei m¤úwË ej‡Z f~wg, f~wg †_‡K m„ó jvf †hgb PjvP‡ji AwaKvi, Av‡jvi AwaKvi Ges f~wgi mv‡_ mshy³
wRwbm †hgb - evwo BZ¨vw`‡K eySvq wKš‘ f~wgi mv‡_ `Ûvqgvb e„‡ÿi KvV, cošÍ dmj Ges Nvm ¯’vei m¤úwËi
AšÍf©z³ n‡e bv|
hv mn‡R n¯ÍvšÍi‡hvM¨ ev cwienb‡hvM¨ bq| ‡hgb - Rwg, evwo|
Section 3(25) – The General Clauses Act, 1897:
Immovable property shall include land, benefits to arise out of land and things
attached to the earth or permanently fastened to anything to the earth.
Section 3(34) - Movable Property: The General Clauses Act, 1897:
Shall mean property of every description, except immoveable property.
hv mn‡R n¯ÍvšÍi‡hvM¨| ‡hgb - ¯^Y©, UvKv|
Constructive Notice: [Previous Question]
hLb †Kv‡bv NUbv Ae‡njv bv K‡i hyw³m½Zfv‡e AbymÜvb Ki‡j Rvb‡Z cvi‡Zb A_ev Giƒc AbymÜvb Kiv DwPZ
nIqv m‡Z¡I B”QvK…Zfv‡e Zv n‡Z weiZ _v‡Kb ZLb H e¨w³ H NUbv m¤ú‡K© AeMZ Av‡Qb e‡j a‡i †bqv hvq|
GwU constructive ev Abygvbg~jK ev c‡ivÿ Notice.
06. Section 05 – m¤úwË n¯ÍvšÍi: [Previous Question]
m¤úwË n¯ÍvšÍi Ggb Kvh© hv Øviv m¤úwË n¯ÍvšÍi nq hv GKRb RxweZ e¨w³ †_‡K Ab¨ RxweZ e¨w³i wbKU|
†Kv‡bv e¨w³ wb‡Ri eive‡i m¤úwË n¯ÍvšÍi Ki‡Z cv‡i|
m¤úwË n¯ÍvšÍi eZ©gvb ev fwel¨Z Gi Rb¨ n‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ †h m¤úwËwU n¯ÍvšÍi Ki‡Z Pvq Zv n¯ÍvšÍ‡ii mgq Aek¨B
we`¨gvb _vK‡Z n‡e|
m¤úwË n¯ÍvšÍi Kiv hv‡e:
i) Ab¨ †Kv‡bv GK ev GKvwaK RxweZ e¨w³‡K,
ii) wb‡R‡K,
iii) wb‡R‡K ev Ab¨ GK ev GKvwaK RxweZ e¨w³‡K|
Section 5 – Doctrine of Transfer of Inter Vivos: [For MCQ]
RxweZ e¨w³M‡Yi g‡a¨ m¤úwË n¯ÍvšÍi eySvq|
Essential elements of Transfer of property:
i) Transfer
ii) Living person
iii) Conveyance
iv) Property
 v) In present or future
07. 6 wU Dcv‡q Immovable Property n¯ÍvšÍi:
i) Sale
ii) Mortgage
iii) Lease
iv) Exchange
v) Gift
vi) Actionable claim (bvwjk‡hvM¨ `vex)
08. TP Act, Muslim Law Gi †Kvb weavb‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i bv| Section 02 Abyhvqx gymwjg AvBb‡K TP
Act Gi Dc‡i cÖvavb¨ †`qv n‡q‡Q|
Muslim Law Abyhvqx †Kv‡bv gymwjg m¤úwË n¯ÍvšÍi Ki‡j †mB n¯ÍvšÍi TP Act Gi 2nd Chapter Gi ‡Kvb
weavb‡K cÖfvweZ Ki‡e bv| Ab¨w`‡K TP Act - 8th Chapter Gi Section 129 G ejv n‡q‡Q, 8th
Chapter G `vb m¤úwK©Z †Kv‡bv weavb gymwjg AvB‡bi Aaxb `vb‡K cÖfvweZ Ki‡e bv|
According to the Section - 02 of the Transfer of Property Act, 1882: [For MCQ and Viva]
Nothing in the second chapter of the TP Act shall be deemed to affect any rule of
Muslim Law.
09. Section 06 – †hme m¤úwË n¯ÍvšÍi Kiv hvq bv : [Previous Question]
i) Spes successions- fwel¨Z DËivwaKv‡ii m¤¢vebv |
ii) Mere right of re-entry - cybtcÖ‡e‡ki AwaKvi|
iii) Easement right– e¨envi ¯^Z¡|
iv) Restricted interest– e¨w³MZ ¯^v_©|
v) Right of future maintenance– fwel¨Z †Lvi‡cv‡li AwaKvi|
vi) Mere right to sue - †KejgvÎ gvgjv Kivi AwaKvi|
vii) Offices and salary – miKvwi c` ev †eZb|
viii) Pensions and stipends – e„wË ev †cbkb|
ix) Transfer opposed to the nature of interest – mswkøó ¯^v‡_©i cÖK…wZ we‡ivax †Kvb ¯^v_©|
10. †hme m¤úwË n¯ÍvšÍi wjwLZ n‡Z n‡e:
i) 100 ev Z‡ZvwaK g~‡j¨i †Kv‡bv ¯’vei m¤úwË weµq| (Section 54)
ii) Rvgvb‡Zi cwigvY hv †nvK bv †Kb mvaviY eÜK| (Section 59)
iii) 100 UvKv ev Z‡ZvwaK Rvgvb‡Zi †ewk g~j¨gv‡bi †h‡Kv‡bv wKQz|
iv) eQiv‡šÍ ev GK eQ‡ii †ewk ev evwl©K FY msiÿY Av‡Q|
v) ¯’vei m¤úwËi `vb| (Section 123)
vi) bvwjk‡hvM¨ `vwe n¯ÍvšÍi| (Section 130)
11. Section 13 – Transfer for benefit of unborn person:
Where, on a transfer of property, an interest therein is created for the benefit of a person
not in existence at the date of the transfer, subject to a prior interest created by the same
transfer, the interest created for the benefit of such person shall not take effect, unless it
extends to the whole of the remaining interest of the transferor in the property.
Illustration:
A transfer’s property of which he is the owner to B in trust for A and his intended wife
successively for their lives, and, after the death of the survivor, for the eldest son of the
intended marriage for life, and after his death for A's second son. The interest so created
for the benefit of the eldest son does not take effect, because it does not extend to the
whole of A's remaining interest in the property.
 Conditions:
i) mivmwi n¯ÍvšÍi Kiv hv‡e bv (c‡ivÿfv‡e Uªv÷ AvKv‡i Kiv hvq)
ii) GKB n¯ÍvšÍ‡ii gva¨‡g 2wU ¯^v_© m„wó:
a) n¯ÍvšÍ‡ii Zvwi‡L we`¨gvb bvB Ggb †Kvb e¨w³ eivei,
b) RxweZ e¨w³ eivei, c~e©¯^v_© †eu‡P _vKve¯’vq Rb¥MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| mvaviYZ Uªv÷ AvKv‡i Ggb c~e© ¯^v_© m„wó nq|
Most important essential elements of Section 13:
i) No direct Transfer
ii) Prior Interst
iii) Absolute Interest
12. Section 14 – Rules against perpetuity(wPišÍb n¯ÍvšÍi we‡ivax wbqg):
No transfer of property can operate to create an interest which is to take effect after
the life-time of one or more persons living at the date of such transfer, and the
minority of some person who shall be in existence at the expiration of that period,
and to whom, if he attains full age, the interest created is to belong.
Ggbfv‡e n¯ÍvšÍi Kiv hv‡e bv †hLv‡b m¤úwË An¯ÍvšÍi‡hvM¨ n‡q c‡o| bvevjK eive‡i m¤úwË n¯ÍvšÍ‡ii †ÿ‡Î g„Zz¨i
Av‡M ¯^v_© m„wó n‡Z n‡e| fvi‡Zi Av`vj‡Zi wm×všÍ Abyhvqx, GwU Movable Ges Immovable Property
Df‡qi †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨| [20 †ev‡¤^ 511]
†Kvb m¤úwË Giƒcfv‡e n¯ÍvšÍi Kiv hv‡e bv; hv n¯ÍvšÍ‡ii Zvwi‡L GK ev GKvwaK e¨w³i RxebKvj Ges Giƒc
RxebKv‡ji Ae¨ewnZ ci n‡Z Avevi †Kv‡bv e¨w³i bvevjKKvj AwZevwnZ nIqvi c‡i Kvh©Ki n‡e| RxweZ
e¨w³i ev e¨w³M‡Yi RxebKvj mgvß nIqvi mgq D³ bvevj‡Ki Aw¯ÍZ¡ _vK‡Z n‡e Ges mvevjK nIqvi m‡½ m‡½
m„ó ¯^v_© Zvi Dci eZ©v‡e|
†hme †ÿ‡Î Section 14 cÖ‡hvR¨ bqt
i) RbKj¨vY ev Kj¨vYgyLx †Kv‡bv n¯ÍvšÍ‡ii †ÿ‡Î (Section 18)|
ii) e¨w³MZ Pzw³i †ÿ‡Î| wKš‘ Pzw³ Øviv hw` †Kv‡bv m¤úwˇZ Equitable ¯^v_© m„wó Kiv nq Z‡e Zv cÖ‡hvR¨
n‡e|
iii) K‡c©v‡ik‡bi †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨ bq|
13. Distinction between Section 13 and Section 14:
Section 13 †Z D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q Rb¥MÖnY K‡iwb Ggb e¨w³ eivei m¤úwË n¯ÍvšÍi Kiv hv‡e bv Ges cieZ©x‡Z
ejv n‡q‡Q Kiv hv‡e hw` wbqg †g‡b Kiv nq|
Section 14 ‡Z ejv Av‡Q, GKwU AwZwi³ kZ©© †hb wPi¯’vqxf‡e m¤úwËwU An¯ÍvšÍi‡hvM¨ bv n‡q c‡o I †mB
m¤ú‡K© weavb Ges Ggb ai‡bi n¯ÍvšÍi AKvh©Ki|
14. Doctrine of Cy press: [Most Important]
Cy-press doctrine is a legal concept that gives courts the power to interpret the
terms of a will, gift, or charitable trust.
This doctrine will become active if the intended wishes or conditions of the original
document cannot be carried out, be legitimately interpreted literally, or legally
performed.
The term has its origin is an old French phrase, cy pres comme possible which, in
translation, means "as near as possible." Cy pres allows the wishes of the creator of a
charitable trust, gift, or will to be carried out in many cases. If it were not for this power,
there would be instances in which the phrasing in the document would make it null and
void, legally, and thus impossible to implement. Section 15 and 26 of the Transfer of
Property Act, 1882 discuss the term doctrine of cy press.
 GKK_vq, h_vm¤¢e ev hZ`~i (As may as possible)| ‡hgb, kZ© wQ‡jv - Av‡bvqvi Ges kIK‡Zi wcZvi
g„Zz¨i c‡i Zv‡`i wcZvi AwQqZ Abyhvqx wcZvi †i‡L hvIqv †gvU 100 weNv m¤úwËi ga¨ †_‡K 03 weNv m¤úwˇZ
GKwU gmwR` wbg©v‡Y©i| wKš‘ ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i ‡`Lv hvq †h, ‡h RvqMvq gmwR` wbg©v‡Y©i K_v †m RvqMv‡Z BwZg‡a¨
Av‡iv 03 wU gmwR` Av‡Q wKš‘ †Kv‡bv gv`ªvmv Ges GwZgLvbv †bB| MÖvgevmxi Aby‡iva Zviv †hb gmwR‡`i e`‡j GKwU
gv`ªvmv ‣Zwi K‡ib|
wVK †Zgwb K‡jR cÖwZôvi e`‡j ¯‥yj cÖwZôv Kiv hv‡e Ges D³ KvR •ea|
Doctrine of Cy press Abyhvqx D³ gmwR` wbg©vY •ea|
15. Section 19 – Vested Interest (Kv‡qgx ¯^v_©):
Aek¨B NU‡e| m¤úwË n¯ÍvšÍi Øviv †Kv‡bv e¨w³ eivei m¤úwË n¯ÍvšÍi K‡i ¯^v_© m„wó-
i) Kvh©Ki nIqvi mgq wbw`©ó †bB,
ii) ZrÿYvr Kvh©Ki n‡e e‡j D‡jøL,
iii) Aek¨B NU‡e|
16. Section 21 – Contingent Interest (kZ©© mv‡cÿ ¯^v_©):
kZ©© NU‡j n‡e, Ab¨_vq n‡e bv|
wbw`©ó ‡Kvb NUbv NU‡j †h ¯^v‡_©i m„wó nq Zv kZ©© mv‡cÿ ¯^v_©|
i) On happening of a specified uncertain event (†Kv‡bv wbw`©ó AwbwðZ NUbv NU‡j D³ ¯^v_©wU
Kvh©Ki n‡e) |
ii) If a specified uncertain event shall not happen. (‡Kvb wbw`©ó AwbwðZ NUbv bv NU‡j D³ ¯^v_©
Kvh©Ki n‡e) |
mywbw`©ó AwbwðZ NUbv NU‡j ev mywbw`©ó AwbwðZ NUbv NUv Am¤¢e n‡q co‡j kZ©© mv‡c‡ÿ ¯^v_©, Kv‡qgx ¯^v‡_©
cwiYZ nq|
17. Section 35 – Election: [Most Important]
Election when necessary:
Where a person professes to transfer property which he has no right to transfer, and as
part of the same transaction confers any benefit on the owner of the property, such owner
must elect either to confirm such transfer or to dissent from it; and in the latter case he
shall relinquish the benefit so conferred, and the benefit so relinquished shall revert to the
transferor or his representative as if it had not been disposed of,
subject nevertheless,
Where the transfer is gratuitous, and the transferor has, before the election, died or
otherwise become incapable of making a fresh transfer and in all cases where the transfer
is for consideration, to the charge of making good to the disappointed transferee the
amount or value of the property attempted to be transferred to him.
GKK_vq, cÖK…Z gvwjK b‡n Ggb ‡Kvb e¨w³ A‡b¨i m¤úwË wewµ K‡i m¤úwË wewµ eve` †µZvi KvQ †_‡K UvKv
wb‡e Ges g~j gvwjK‡K `y‡Uv Ackb cÖ`vb Ki‡eb|
G‡ÿ‡Î, gyj gvwjK‡K †h‡Kv‡bv GKUv option MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| `y‡UvB wb‡Z cvi‡e bv| †h‡Kv‡bv GKUv MÖnY
Ki‡Z n‡e|
†hgb:
Abrar, KvRx dvg©m bvgK GKwU Lvgv‡ii gvwjK Ges Gi g~j¨ 8,000/- UvKv| Jakir Hossain GKwU
`vbc‡Îi gva¨‡g D³ LvgviwU Tanjila Arfin Gi wbKU n¯ÍvšÍi Ki‡Z Pvq Ges GKB `wj‡j Abrar †K
10,000/- UvKv cÖ`vb Ki‡Z Pvq|
 jÿ¨ Kiv hv‡”Q GLv‡b 2 wU Ackb Av‡Q:
Abrar Lvgv‡ii gvwjKvbv ivL‡Z cv‡i ev Jakir Hossain `vbc‡Îi gva¨‡g Abrar †K ‡h 10,000 UvKv
w`‡”Q Zv ivL‡Z cv‡i| Abrar GKB mv‡_ `ywU welq ivL‡Z cvi‡e bv, Zv‡K †h ‡Kvb GKwU wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e|
A_©vr †m LvgviwU ivL‡Z cvi‡e ev LvgviwU Z¨vM K‡i 10,000/- UvKv MÖnY Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
TP AvB‡b `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK myweavi g‡a¨ †KvbwU wbe©vPb Ki‡e Zv wbe©vPb gZev` bv‡g cwiwPZ|
18. Section 38:
Only cÖwZ`v‡bi wewbg‡q n¯ÍvšÍ‡ii †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨|
19. Section 41- Ostensible Owner : [Previous Question]
cÖZxqgvb gvwjK| †h cÖK…Z gvwjK bv, gvwjK bv n‡qI gvwj‡Ki g‡Zv AvPiY|
Section 41 – cÖZxqgvb gvwjK KZ©©…K m¤úwË n¯ÍvšÍi (Holding out):
†h cÖK…Z gvwjK bv| G‡ÿ‡Î `yB ai‡bi gvwjK _vK‡e|
i) cÖZxqgvb gvwjK,
ii) cÖK…Z gvwjK
Holding out:
KZ©©…Z¡`vex gZev`| cÖZxqgvb gvwjK †Kv‡bv wKQz wewµ Ki‡j n¯ÍvšÍiMÖnxZvi hv‡Z †Kvb ÿwZ bv nq †m‡ÿ‡Î
cÖZxqgvb gvwjK Avi ej‡Z cvi‡e bv †h Zvi AwaKvi wQ‡jv bv| cÖK…Zc‡ÿ GwU n‡jv Ab¨ e¨w³i wek^vm|
cÖZxqgvb gvwjK hw` m¤úwË n¯ÍvšÍi K‡i Zvn‡j cieZ©x‡Z cÖK…Z gvwjK D³ m¤úwË n¯ÍvšÍi A¯^xKvi Ki‡Z cvi‡e
bv| A Zvi m¤úwË weµq Kivi Rb¨ B †K ÿgZv w`‡jv| GB †ÿ‡Î B m¤úwˇZ cÖZxqgvb gvwjK n‡jv ev ‡m n‡jv
†ebvgx`vi gvwjK| †Kv‡bv e¨w³ hw` D³ cÖZxqgvb gvwjK B Gi wbKU †_‡K m¤úwËwU µq K‡i Zvn‡j cÖK…Z
gvwjK Zv cybiæ×vi Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
20. Section 43– Feeding the grant by Estoppel:
cÖZviYvg~jKfv‡e m¤úwË n¯ÍvšÍi Ki‡j Ges cieZ©x‡Z AwaKvi †c‡j n¯ÍvšÍi •ea n‡e| Evidence Act,
Section - 115 Gi Estoppel Gi mv‡_ wgj i‡q‡Q|
Estoppel – Evidence Act, Section 115:
When one person has, by his declaration, act or omission, intentionally caused or
permitted another person to believe a thing to be true and to act upon such belief,
neither he nor his representative shall be allowed, in any suit or proceeding between
himself and such person or his representative, to deny the truth of that thing.
Transfer by unauthorised person who subsequently acquires interest in property
transferred:
Where a person fraudulently or erroneously represents that he is authorised to transfer
certain immoveable property and professes to transfer such property for consideration,
such transfer shall, at the option of the transferee, operate on any interest which the
transferor may acquire in such property at any time during which the contract of transfer
subsists.
Nothing in this section shall impair the right of transferees in good faith for consideration
without notice of the existence of the said option
Illustration:
A, a Hindu, who has separated from his father B, sales to C three fields, X, Y and Z,
representing that A is authorised to transfer the same. Of these fields Z does not belong to
A, it having been retained by B on the partition; but on B's dying A as heir obtains Z. C,
not having rescinded the contract of sale, may require A to deliver Z to him.
cieZ©xKv‡j ¯^Z¡ AR©bKvix KZ©©…K ÿgZvnxbfv‡e n¯ÍvšÍi| g~j e³e¨ ¯^Kvh©RwbZ evavi Øviv Aï× n¯ÍvšÍi‡K wm×
Kiv| hLb †Kv‡bv e¨w³ cÖZviYvg~jK ev åvšÍ †Kv‡bv eY©bvi Øviv ‡Kv‡bv GKwU ¯’vei m¤úwË n¯ÍvšÍ‡ii Rb¨ ÿgZvevb
 e‡j Dc¯’vcb K‡i Ges g~‡j¨i wewbg‡q n¯ÍvšÍ‡ii cÖ¯Íve K‡i Ges n¯ÍvšÍi K‡i Ges cieZ©x‡Z Pzw³ ejer _vKv
Ae¯’vq †mB m¤úwˇZ ¯^v_©evb nb, †Kej †mB Ae¯’vq n¯ÍvšÍiMÖnxZv m¤úwËwUi AwaKvix n‡e| n¯ÍvšÍi Kivi mgq ¯^Z¡
wQ‡jv bv, n¯ÍvšÍiKvixi GBiƒc `vwe Kiv n‡Z weiZ ivL‡ZB Feeding the Grant by Estoppel bxwZ Kiv
n‡q‡Q|
†hgb:
wcZv KZ©…©K 3 wU Rwg mšÍvb‡K `vb| mšÍvb GKwU Rwg wewµ K‡i w`‡jv| cieZ©x‡Z Zv wcZvi bv‡g AšÍfz©³ n‡jv|
mšÍvb RwgwU wcZvi g„Zy¨i c‡i †c‡jv| G‡ÿ‡Î m¤úwË n¯ÍvšÍ‡ii mgq ¯^Z¡ wQ‡jv bv Zv ejv hv‡e bv|
21. Section 48 – Property of rights created by transfer (Qui priorest tempore priorest
jure): [Previous Question]
AMÖvwaKvi bxwZ| mg‡qi w`K w`‡q whwb cÖ_g wZwbB AwaKvix n‡eb| Rwg wewµi D`vniY w`‡Z cv‡ib|
22. Section 52 – Lis Pendens: [Previous Question]
Transfer of property pending suit relating thereto:
During the pendency in any Court in Bangladesh, of any suit or proceeding which is not
collusive and in which any right to immoveable property is directly and specifically in
question, the property cannot be transferred or otherwise dealt with by any party to the
suit or proceeding so as to affect the rights of any other party thereto under any decree or
order which may be made therein, except under the authority of the Court and on such
terms as it may impose.
Lis A_© – Suit, Pendens A_© – Pending.
wePvivaxb Ae¯’vq m¤úwË n¯ÍvšÍi Kiv hv‡e bv| Ki‡j Av`vj‡Zi m¤¢ve¨ wWwµ ev Av‡`‡ki d‡j Aci cÿ †h
AwaKvi jvf K‡i‡Q Zv ÿwZMÖ¯Í n‡Z cv‡i| Ki‡j evwZj| ¯’vei m¤úwË msµvšÍ mgm¨v `~ixKiY Gi Rb¨ GB avivi
e¨envi| iv‡qi d‡j Acicÿ ÿwZi nvZ †_‡K evuP‡Z cv‡i| Aci cÿ‡K ÿwZMÖ¯Í bv Ki‡j n¯ÍvšÍi Kiv hv‡e|
†hgb:
B Gi `L‡j _vKv GKwU evwo wb‡q A †gvKÏgv `v‡qi Ki‡jv| †gvKÏgvwU wePvivaxb _vKv Ae¯’vq B evwowU C Gi
wbKU weµq Ki‡jv| †gvKÏgvq A wWwµ †c‡jv| GB †ÿ‡Î weµqwU evwZj n‡e Ges A evwowU `Lj wb‡Z cvi‡e|
wKš‘ g‡b K‡ib, hw` †gvKÏgvq A wWwµ bv †c‡Zv Zvn‡j weµqwU evwZj n‡e bv KviY n¯ÍvšÍiwU Av`vj‡Zi wWwµi
d‡j B †h AwaKvi jvf Ki‡jv Zv cÖfvweZ Ki‡Q bv|
Conditions:
i) †Kv‡bv †gvKÏgv ev ‡gvKÏgvi Kvh©µg Pjgvb _vK‡e|
ii) GLwZqvi m¤úbœ Av`vj‡Z ‡gvKÏgv ev †gvKÏgvi Kvh©µgwU wePvivaxb _vK‡e|
iii) †gvKÏgv ev †gvKÏgvi Kvh©µgwU Aek¨B lohš¿g~jK n‡e bv|
iv) †gvKÏgv ev †gvKÏgvi Kvh©µgwU‡Z ¯’vei m¤úwˇZ AwaKvi wel‡q cÖZ¨ÿ ev c‡ivÿ wePvh© welq n‡e|
v) †gvKÏgvi †Kv‡bv cÿ KZ©©…K we‡ivaxq m¤úwË Aek¨B n¯ÍvšÍi Kiv n‡e ev Ab¨ ‡Kvbfv‡e e¨envi Kiv n‡e|
vi) m¤úwË n¯ÍvšÍiwU Av`vj‡Zi m¤¢ve¨ wWwµ ev Av‡`‡ki d‡j †h AwaKvi jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i ev †Kv‡bvfv‡e ÿwZMÖ¯Í
Ki‡Z cv‡i|
23. Section 53 – Fraudulent Transfer:
(1) Every transfer of immoveable property made with intent to defeat or delay the
creditors of the transferor shall be voidable at the option of any creditor so defeated or
delayed.
Nothing in this sub-section shall impair the rights of a transferee in good faith and for
consideration.
Nothing in this sub-section shall affect any law for the time being in force relating to
insolvency.
 A suit instituted by a creditor (which term includes a decree-holder whether he has or has
not applied for execution of his decree) to avoid a transfer on the ground that it has been
made with intent to defeat or delay the creditors of the transferor, shall be instituted on
behalf, or for the benefit of, all the creditors.
(2) Every transfer of immoveable property made without consideration with intent to
defraud a subsequent transferee shall be voidable at the option of such transferee.
For the purposes of this sub-section, no transfer made without consideration shall be
deemed to have been made with intent to defraud by reason only that a subsequent
transfer for consideration was made.
cÖZviYv Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ m¤úwË n¯ÍvšÍi| A, B Gi weiæ‡× gvgjv K‡i| wePvivaxb Ae¯’vq cÖZviYvi D‡Ï‡k¨ B KZ©©…K
m¤úwË weµq| AwfcÖvq Rvb‡Z cvi‡j n¯ÍvšÍi evwZj|
†Kv‡bv cvIbv`vi‡K cÖZvwiZ ev wejw¤^Z Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ ¯’vei m¤úwËi n¯ÍvšÍi‡K eySvq| n¯ÍvšÍi `vZvi cvIbv`vi‡K
ewÂZ ev cvIbv`vi‡K wejw¤^Z Kivi AwfcÖv‡q m¤úvw`Z ¯’vei m¤úwËi cÖ‡Z¨KwU n¯ÍvšÍi c×wZ ev wejw¤^Z cvIbv
`v‡ii `vweµ‡g evwZj‡hvM¨ n‡e|
K, L Gi wbKU 1 †KvwU UvKv †`bv Av‡Q| L, K Gi weiæ‡× †gvKÏgv `v‡qi K‡i‡Q| †gvKÏgv wePvivaxb _vKve¯’vq
K Zvi KwZcq Rwg weµq K‡i w`‡”Q GB D‡Ï‡k¨ †h Av`vjZ Zvi weiæ‡× ivq w`‡j †hb Zvi m¤úwË †µvK bv Kiv
nq Ges L †hb Zvi KvQ †_‡K cvIbv Av`vq bv Ki‡Z cv‡i| L hw` K Gi AwfcÖvq Rvb‡Z cv‡i †h Zv‡K cÖZvwiZ
Kivi Rb¨ K Rwg¸‡jv weµq Ki‡Q, Zvn‡j L Gi B”Qvbyhvqx D³ weµqwU evwZj n‡e|
24. Section 53A – Part Performance (AvswkK cvjb):
i) g~‡j¨i wewbg‡q GKwU Pyw³ _vK‡Z n‡e|
ii) Pzw³wU wjwLZ n‡Z n‡e Ges n¯ÍvšÍiKvix KZ©©…K ¯^vÿwiZ n‡Z n‡e|
iii) hyw³m½Z wbðqZvi mv‡_ n¯ÍvšÍi Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq kZ©©mg~n wba©viY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
Where any person contracts to transfer for consideration any immoveable property by
writing signed by him or on his behalf from which the terms necessary to constitute the
transfer can be ascertained with reasonable certainty,
and the transferee has, in part performance of the contract, taken possession of the
property or any part thereof, or the transferee, being already in possession, continues in
possession in part performance of the contract and has done some act in furtherance of
the contract,
And the transferee has performed or is willing to perform his part of the contract,
then, where there is an instrument of transfer, that the transfer has not been completed in
the manner prescribed therefore by the law for the time being in force, the transferor or
any person claiming under him shall be debarred from enforcing against the transferee
and persons claiming under him any right in respect of the property of which the
transferee has taken or continued in possession, other than a right expressly provided by
the terms of the contract.
Provided that nothing in this section shall affect the rights of a transferee for
consideration who has no notice of the contract or of the part performance thereof.
K, Zvi GKwU d¬¨vU L, Gi wbKU 1 †KvwU UvKvq weµ‡qi Pzw³ Ki‡jv| Pzw³ Abymv‡i L, 50 jÿ UvKv K, †K
w`‡jv Ges K, d¬¨vUwUi `Lj L, †K w`‡jv| cieZ©x‡Z L, hLb evwK UvKv cwi‡kva Ki‡Z PvB‡jv ZLb K, D³
UvKv wb‡Z A¯^xKvi Ki‡jv Ges d¬¨vUwU K, †K †diZ †`Iqvi R‡b¨ ej‡jv| GB‡ÿ‡Î K Pzw³wUi mywbw`©ó cvj‡bi
Rb¨ L, gvgjv Ki‡Z cv‡i, KviY GB‡ÿ‡Î L, Zvi As‡ki KvR Ki‡Z cÖ¯‘Z|
25. Section 53B
evqbvbvgv envj _vKv Ae¯’vq m¤úwË Ab¨ Kv‡iv Kv‡Q †Kv‡bv cÖKv‡i n¯ÍvšÍi Kiv hv‡e bv|
26. evqbvPzw³ wjwLZ Ges wbewÜZ n‡Z n‡e| evqbvc‡Îi †gqv` D‡jøL Kiv bv n‡j 6 gvm e‡j MY¨ n‡e| evqbvcÎ
wbe܇bi ZvwiL n‡Z MYbv ïiæ n‡e| [For MCQ]
27. Section 54 – Sale:
weµq n‡jv cwi‡kvwaZ, AvswkK cwi‡kvwaZ Ges AvswkK cÖwZkÖæZ g~‡j¨i wewbg‡q gvwjKvbv n¯ÍvšÍi|
Sale is a transfer of ownership in exchange for a price paid or promised or part-paid and
part-promised.
Contract for sale:
A contract for the sale of immoveable property is a contract that a sale of such property
shall take place on terms settled between the parities.
It does not, of itself, create any interest in or charge on such property.
weµq– AwaKvi m„wó K‡i wKš‘ weµqPzw³ – AwaKvi m„wó K‡i bv, GwU GKwU Pzw³gvÎ| 2004 mvj n‡Z ¯’vei
m¤úwË n¯ÍvšÍi wbeÜb eva¨Zvg~jK, Kvh©Ki–1 July, 2005|
Contract for Sale – weµq Pzw³| ‡µZv I we‡µZvi g‡a¨ wba©vwiZ k‡Z© m¤úwËwU weµq n‡e| †Kvb `vq ev
m¦v_© m„wó K‡ibv|
Essential elements of a sale:
i) Parties to a sale
ii) Subject matter of sale
iii) Price or consideration
28. Section 56, 81 – Marshalling (cieZ©x ‡µZv Øviv web¨vm) [Most Important]
Section 56 – weµ‡qi †ÿ‡Î Marshalling
If the owner of two or more properties mortgages them to one person and then sells one
or more of the properties to another person, the buyer is in the absence of a contract to the
contrary, entitled to have the mortgage-debt satisfied out of the property or properties not
sold to him, so far as the same will extend, but not so as to prejudice the rights of the
mortgagee or persons claiming under him or of any other person who has for
consideration acquired an interest in any of the properties.
X, Y, Z n‡jv eÜKx m¤úwË| eÜK`vZv X m¤úwËwU FY †_‡K gy³ Ki‡Z A Gi wbKU weµq K‡i‡Q| A `vex
Kivi AwaKvix †h, hZ`~i m¤¢e eÜKMÖnxZv Zvi eÜKx A_©© Y Ges Z eÜKx m¤úwË n‡Z wb‡e| hw` mgMÖ FY Y
Ges Z eÜKx m¤úwË n‡Z cwi‡kvwaZ bv nq, ZLb eÜKMÖnxZv X m¤úwË n‡Z FY Av`vq Ki‡Z cvi‡e Ges †h
cwigvY eÜKx FY X m¤úwË n‡Z Av`vq Kiv n‡”Q †mB cwigvY A_©© †µZv eÜK`vZvi wbK‡U `vex Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
GwUB Marshalling.
Section 81 – e܇Ki †ÿ‡Î Marshalling:
†h ‡ÿ‡Î `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK m¤úwËi gvwjK D³ m¤úwË cÖ_‡g †Kvb GK e¨w³i wbKU eÜK w`‡q _v‡K Ges cieZ©x‡Z
Ab¨ †Kvb e¨w³i wbKU eÜK w`‡q _v‡K, †mB †ÿ‡Î cieZ©x eÜKMÖnxZvi AwaKvi Av‡Q cÖ_g eÜK MÖnxZv‡K eva¨
Kivi, eÜK A_© Av`vq bv Ki‡Z †hUv cieZ©x eÜKMÖnxZvi wbKU eÜK †`qv n‡q‡Q †mB m¤úwË n‡Z|
D`vniY:
X I Y n‡jv eÜKx m¤úwË| A, X I Y m¤úwËwU B Gi wbKU eÜK w`‡q‡Q| ïaygvÎ Y m¤úwËwU C Gi wbKU eÜK
w`‡q‡Q| GB‡ÿ‡Î B hw` Y m¤úwË n‡Z eÜKx A_© D×vi Ki‡Z Pvq Zvn‡j C, B †K eva¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i cÖ_‡g X
m¤úwË n‡Z A_© Av`v‡qi Rb¨ Ges hw` †m X n‡Z m¤ú~Y© A_© Av`v‡q e¨_© nq ZLb †m Y n‡Z Av`vq Ki‡Z cv‡i|
29. Section 58 (a) – Mortgage - eÜK ev †i‡nb: [Previous Question] [Most Important]
A mortgage is the transfer of an interest in specific immoveable property for the
purpose of securing the payment of money advanced or to be advanced by way of
loan, an existing or future debt, or the performance of an engagement which may
give rise to a pecuniary liability.The transferor is called a mortgagor, the transferee
a mortgagee; the principal money and interest of which payment is secured for the
time being are called the mortgage-money, and the instrument (if any) by which the
transfer is effected is called a mortgage-deed.
The definition of mortgage seems to be taken from Macpherson’s Law of Mortgage. It is
almost the same as the classic definition given by -
Mr. Lindley, in Santley vs. Wilde:
A mortgage is a conveyance of land or an assignment of chattels as a security for the
payment of a debt or the discharge of some other obligation for which it is given.
F‡Yi RvgvbZ| ejv hvq †h, AwMÖg cwi‡kvwaZ A‡_©i wbivcËv wn‡m‡e ¯’vei m¤úwËi ¯^v_© n¯ÍvšÍi n‡jv eÜK|
Ingredients of a valid mortgage:
i) Transfer of interest
ii) Specific immovable property
iii) The consideration of mortgage should by the purpose of the mortgage
e¨vs‡Ki wbKU n‡Z A, 3 jÿ UvKv FY wb‡jv Ges RvgvbZ wn‡m‡e GKweNv Rwg †`Lv‡jv| kZ©© n‡jv, FY cwi‡kva
bv Ki‡Z cvi‡j e¨vsK D³ Rwg weµq K‡i F‡Yi A_©© Av`vq K‡i wb‡Z cvi‡e| A Ges e¨vs‡Ki g‡a¨ m¤úvw`Z
Pzw³wU GKwU eÜKx Pzw³|
mvaviYZ eÜK 06 cÖKvi :
i) Simple Mortgage (mvaviY eÜK)
ii) Mortgage by Conditional Sale (kZ©vaxb weµ‡qi eÜK)
iii) Usufractuary Mortgage (LvBLvjvmx eÜK)
iv) English Mortgage (Bswjk eÜK)
v) Anomalous Mortgage (msÁvnxb eÜK)
vi) Mortgage by deposit of title deeds (¯^Z¡ `wjj Rgv †`Iqv †i‡nb)
30. Simple Mortgage: Section 58(b):
Where, without delivering possession of the mortgaged property, the mortgagor binds
himself personally to pay the mortgage-money, and agrees, expressly or impliedly, that,
in the event of his failing to pay according to his contract, the mortgagee shall have a
right to cause the mortgaged property to be sold and the proceeds of sale to be applied, so
far as may be necessary, in payment of the mortgage-money, the transaction is called a
simple mortgage and the mortgagee a simple mortgage.
i) eÜK`vZv eÜKx m¤úwËi `Lj eÜKMÖnxZv‡K Ac©Y K‡i bv| A_©©vr eÜKx m¤úwËi `Lj eÜK`vZvi wbKU _v‡K|
ii) GB e܇Ki †ÿ‡Î eÜK`vZv e¨w³MZfv‡e eÜKx A_©© cwi‡kva Ki‡Z eva¨ _v‡K|
iii) hw` eÜK`vZv Pzw³ Abyhvqx eÜKx A_©© cwi‡kva Ki‡Z e¨_© nq D³ ‡ÿ‡Î eÜKMÖnxZv m¤úwË weµq Ki‡Z cv‡i
Ges weµq A_©© †_‡K eÜKx A_©© Av`vq Ki‡Z cv‡i|
mvaviYZ e¨vsK GB wbqg AbymiY K‡i FY w`‡q _v‡K|
31. Usufractuary Mortgage: Section 58(d) [Most Important]
Where the mortgagor delivers possession or expressly or by implication binds
himself to deliver possession of the mortgaged property to the mortgagee, and
authorises him to retain such possession until payment of the mortgage-money, and
to receive the rents and profits accruing from the property or any part of such rents
and profits and to appropriate the same in lieu of interest, or in payment of the
mortgage-money, or partly in lieu of interest or partly in payment of the mortgage-
money, the transaction is called an usufructuary mortgage and the mortgagee an
usufructuary mortgage.
Section 58 – Usufractuary mortgage Gi †ÿ‡Î eÜK`vZvi FY cwi‡kv‡ai †Kvb eva¨evaKZv _v‡K bv|
eÜKMÖnxZv eÜKK…Z m¤úwË GKwU wbw`©ó †gqv‡` †fvM K‡i Ges †gqv` †k‡l eÜK`vZv‡K †diZ †`q| [MCQ]
i) eÜK`vZv eÜKx ¯’vei m¤úwËi `Lj eÜKMÖnxZvi wbKU Ac©Y K‡i|
ii) hZw`b bv ch©šÍ eÜKx A_©© cwi‡kva K‡i ZZw`b ch©šÍ D³ m¤úwË eÜKMÖnxZv `L‡j ivLvi AwaKvix nq|
iii) hZw`b bv ch©šÍ eÜKx A_©© cwi‡kva nq ZZw`b ch©šÍ eÜKMÖnxZv D³ eÜKx m¤úwË n‡Z cÖvc¨ fvov ev jvf
‡fvM Kivi AwaKvix n‡e Ges D³ jvf ev fvov eÜKx A_©© I D³ A‡_©i my‡`i mv‡_ mgš^q Kiv n‡e|
iv) GB †ÿ‡Î eÜKx A_©© ev FY cwi‡kv‡ai †Kv‡bv eva¨evaKZv †bB eis eÜKx m¤úwË n‡Z cÖvß gybvdv w`‡q
eÜKMÖnxZv eÜKx A_©© wgwU‡q wb‡e Ges AZtci eÜKx m¤úwË eÜK`vZv‡K †diZ w`‡e|
TP †Z m‡e©v”P †gqv` D‡jøL †bB| wKš‘ SAT Act (State Acquisition and Tenancy Act, 1950) Gi
Section 95 †Z ejv n‡q‡Q 7 eQi|
SAT Abyhvqx eZ©gv‡b Usufractuary Mortgage Qvov mKj cÖKvi †i‡nb wbwl×| A_©vr 7 eQ‡ii †ewk
mg‡qi Rb¨ eÜK n‡e bv|
32. Mortgage by Conditional Sale: Section 58(c): [Previous Question]
Where the mortgagor ostensibly sells the mortgaged property:
On condition that on default of payment of the mortgage-money on a certain date the
sale shall become absolute, or on condition that on such payment being made the sale
shall become void, or on condition that on such payment being made the buyer shall
transfer the property to the seller, the transaction is called a mortgage by conditional sale
and the mortgagee a mortgagee by conditional sale.
Provided that no such transaction shall be deemed to be a mortgage, unless the condition
is embodied in the document which effects or purports to effect the sale.
3 ai‡bi kZ© _v‡K:
i) 1st kZ© n‡jv – wbw`©ó w`‡b eÜKx A_© cwi‡kva Ki‡Z e¨_© n‡j weµq P~ovšÍ n‡e| A_©vr m¤úwËwU weµq n‡q
†M‡Q e‡j MY¨ n‡e|
ii) 2nd kZ© n‡jv – eÜKx A_© cwi‡kva Kiv n‡j weµqwU evwZj e‡j MY¨ n‡e|
iii) 3rd kZ© n‡jv – eÜKx A_© cwi‡kva Kiv n‡q †M‡j †µZv m¤úwËwU we‡µZv‡K †diZ w`‡e|
GB †ÿ‡Î eÜKx m¤úwË eÜKMÖnxZvi wbKU m¤ú~Y©fv‡e n¯ÍvšÍi Kiv nq| kZ©v©axb weµ‡qi e܇Ki †ÿ‡ÎI eÜKx A_©©
cwi‡kv‡ai †Kv‡bv e¨w³MZ `vq _v‡K bv eis GB‡ÿ‡Î `vq eÜKx m¤úwËi weiæ‡×| A_©vr eÜKx A_©© cwi‡kva Kiv
bv n‡j eÜKx m¤úwË weµq n‡q †M‡Q e‡j MY¨ n‡e| eÜKx m¤úwË weµq K‡i eÜKx A_©© Av`vq Kiv m¤¢e bv n‡jI
eÜK `vZv‡K e¨w³MZfv‡e eÜKx A_©© cwi‡kv‡ai Rb¨ eva¨ Kiv hv‡e bv| A_©©vr GB †ÿ‡Î A_©© Av`v‡qi †gvKÏgv
`v‡qi Kiv hv‡e bv|
33. English Mortgage: Section 58(e)
Where the mortgagor binds himself to re-pay the mortgage-money on a certain date, and
transfers the mortgaged property absolutely to the mortgagee, but subject to a proviso that
he will re-transfer it to the mortgagor upon payment of the mortgage-money as agreed,
the transaction is called an English mortgage.
i) eÜKx m¤úwË eÜK MÖnxZv‡K m¤ú~Y©fv‡e n¯ÍvšÍi Kiv nq|
ii) eÜK`vZv wbw`©ó Zvwi‡L eÜKx A_© cwi‡kva Ki‡Z e¨w³MZfv‡e eva¨ _v‡K|
iii) D³ wbw`©ó Zvwi‡L eÜKx A_© cwi‡kva Kiv n‡j eÜKMÖnxZv D³ m¤úwË eÜK`vZv‡K n¯ÍvšÍi Ki‡e|
34. mvaviY eÜK Ges Bswjk e܇Ki †ÿ‡Î eÜKx A_© cwi‡kv‡ai e¨w³MZ `vq _v‡K| A_© cwi‡kva bv Ki‡Z cvi‡j
Zvi weiæ‡× A_© Av`v‡qi ‡gvKÏgv `v‡qi Ki‡Z cv‡i|
cv_©K¨:
mvaviY e܇Ki †ÿ‡Î eÜKx m¤úwË weµ‡qi weavb _v‡K Ges eÜKMÖnxZv eÜKx m¤úwË weµq K‡i w`‡Z cv‡i
eÜKx FY Av`v‡qi Rb¨| wKš‘ Bswjk e܇Ki †ÿ‡Î eÜKx m¤úwË weµ‡qi †Kv‡bv weavb _v‡K bv Ges GB †ÿ‡Î
eÜKx m¤úwË eÜKMÖnxZv weµq Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
35. Mortgage by deposit of title - deeds: Section 58(f)
Where a person in the town of 2[Dhaka, Narayangonj and Chittagong] and in any other
town which the Government may, by notification in the official Gazette, specify in this
behalf, delivers to a creditor or his agent documents of title to immoveable property, with
intent to create a security thereon, the transaction is called a mortgage by deposit of title-
deeds.
`wjj Rgv †`Iqv e܇Ki †ÿ‡Î ¯^‡Z¡i gvwjK F‡Yi RvgvbZ wn‡m‡e ¯^‡Z¡i `wjj Rgv w`‡q _v‡K| †hme kZ© cvjb
Ki‡Z nq:
i) FY MÖnY,
ii) ¯^‡Z¡i `wjj Rgv †`Iqv,
iii) GB AwfcÖv‡q ¯^‡Z¡i `wjj Rgv †`qv nq †h, D³ ¯^‡Z¡i `wjj n‡e F‡Yi RvgvbZ|
cÖ‡hvR¨:
ïaygvÎ XvKv, bvivqYMÄ ev PÆMÖvg ev miKvwi †M‡R‡U DwjøwLZ GjvKv| e¨vsK ev Avw_©K cÖwZôvb Ggb ai‡bi eÜK
MÖnY K‡i _v‡K|
36. Anomalous Mortgage: Section 58(g):
A mortgage which is not a simple mortgage, a mortgage by conditional sale, an
usufructuary mortgage, an English mortgage or a mortgage by deposit of title-deeds
within the meaning of this section is called an anomalous mortgage.
hLb ‡Kvb eÜK Section 58 Abyhvqx English eÜK, Mortgage by conditional sale,
Usufractuary Mortgage, Simple Mortgage ‡KvbwUiB AšÍfz©³ bv nq ZLb Zv Anomalous eÜK|
37. ‡i‡n‡bi g~j¨ 100 UvKv ev Zvi †ewk n‡j `wjj Rgv †`qv †i‡nb e¨ZxZ Ab¨vb¨ †i‡nb: [MCQ]
i) `vZvi gva¨‡g ¯^vÿwiZ n‡Z n‡e|
ii) `yBRb mvÿx Øviv cÖZ¨vwqZ n‡Z n‡e|
iii) wbewÜZ n‡Z n‡e|
38. `wjj Rgv †`qv †i‡nb wbe܇bi cÖ‡qvRb †bB| wKš‘ ¯^‡Z¡i `wjj Rgv †`qv e܇Ki ‡ÿ‡Î ‡hLv‡b miKvi ev †Kv‡bv
wmwWDj e¨vsK ev Avw_©K cÖwZôvb n‡jv eÜKMÖnxZv| †mB †ÿ‡Î eÜKwU Aek¨B wbewÜZ n‡Z n‡e| [MCQ]
39. Section 60 – Right to Redemption (†i‡nb D×v‡ii AwaKvi):
†h mKj e¨w³ eÜKx m¤úwË D×vi Ki‡Z cv‡i:
i) eÜK`vZv
ii) eÜK`vZvi DËivwaKvixMY
iii) eÜKx m¤úwËi Dci hvi ¯^v_© ev PvR© Av‡Q
iv) eÜKx FY cwi‡kva Kivi RvgvbZ Av‡Q hvi
v) eÜK`vZvi †Kv‡bv cvIbv`vi †h eÜKx m¤úwË weµ‡qi wWwµ †c‡q‡Q
40. Doctrine of Consolidation - Section 61:
A mortgagor who has executed two or more mortgages in favour of the same mortgagee
shall, in the absence of a contract to the contrary, when the principal money of any two or
more of the mortgagees has become due, be entitled to redeem any one such mortgage
separately, or any two or more of such mortgages together.
hLb `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK m¤úwË GKB eÜKMÖnxZvi wbKU eÜK †`qv n‡q‡Q Ges D³ `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK m¤úwËi A_©
cwi‡kv‡ai mgq n‡q‡Q, ZLb eÜK`vZv Section 61 Gi Aaxb eÜKx m¤úwË c„_K c„_Kfv‡e ev GKmv‡_ D×vi
Ki‡Z cvi‡e| GwUB Doctrine of Consolidation.
A bv‡g GKRb e¨w³ C I D bvgK `ywU dv‡g©i gvwjK| †m 10,000/- UvKvq C dvg©wU E †K eÜK w`‡q‡Q Ges
cieZx©‡Z D dvg©wU 10,000/- UvKvq E †K eÜK †`q| A GB‡ÿ‡Î PvB‡j ïaygvÎ C dvg©wU D×v‡ii Rb¨ eÜK
D×v‡ii †gvKÏgv Ki‡Z cv‡i| GB‡ÿ‡Î E `y&BwU dvg© GK‡Î D×vi Kivi Rb¨ A †K eva¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
41. Section 62 – LvBLvjvmx eÜK`vZv KZ…©K eÜK m¤úwËi D×vi|
42. Section 63 – eÜKx m¤úwˇZ ms‡hvRb:
eÜK`vZv gvwjK n‡e D×v‡ii ci, eÜK PjvKvjxb mg‡q eÜKMÖnxZv †fvM Ki‡e| Rwg‡Z MvQ e„w×i D`vniY w`‡Z
cvi‡eb |
43. Section 63A – eÜKx m¤úwË Dbœqb: [MCQ]
AwaKvix n‡e eÜK`vZv, Z‡e †Kvb e¨q w`‡Z n‡e bv| wKš‘ hw` m¤úwË iÿv ev msiÿ‡Yi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq nq
Zvn‡j Dchy³ e¨q w`‡Z eva¨| evwl©K 9% nv‡i my` cÖ`vb Ki‡e hw` my‡`i nvi wba©vwiZ bv _v‡K|
44. Sec 67 – Right to foreclosure: [Most Important]
Generally, foreclosure means :
i) To deprive a mortgagor of the right to redeem mortgaged property, as when
payments have not been made.
b) To bar equity or a right redeem a mortgage.
Foreclosure is a specific legal process in which a mortgagee attempts to recover the
balance of a loan from the mortgage who has stopped making payments to the mortgagee
by forcing the sale of the mortgaged property used as the collateral for the loan.
Formally, a mortgage lender (mortgagee) obtains a termination of a mortgage borrower
(mortgagor)’s equitable right of redemption, either by court order or by operation of law.
m¤úwË D×v‡ii Rb¨ e‡Kqv nIqvi cieZ©x 60 eQ‡ii g‡a¨ †gvKÏgv Ki‡e eÜK`vZv| eÜK`vZvi AwaKvi ni‡Yi
†gvKÏgv Right to foreclosure. eÜK`vZv‡K m¤úwË †i‡nbgy³ Kivi ÿgZv †_‡K ewÂZ Kivi wbwg‡Ë †h
gvgjv Zv A suit for foreclosure. LvBLvjvmx e܇Ki †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨ bq|
The provisions regarding forclosure & sale under ArthaRin Adalat Ain 2003 :
Mortgage suit for sale or foreclosure of immovable property in pursuant to section - 67 of
the TP Act 1882 & Order XXXIV(34) , rule 2, 3 of the CPC has to be filed in the Artha
Rin Adalat & the procedure laid down in CPC & Artha Rin Act 2003 have to be followed
in combination, so far as section- 5(2), (3), (4) of the Artha Rin Act, 2003 provides the
provisions related to foreclosure or sale.
 Some basic points relating to foreclosure may be noted which are as follows :
i) In simple mortgage, the mortgagee cannot foreclose. His remedy is to sue for sale
of the mortgaged property to realize the loan.
ii) A usufructuary mortgagee is a transferee of a right of possession only and he retains
the possession unless the debt is paid off from the usufruct. So; he cannot sue either for
sale or for foreclosure.
iii) In a mortgage by conditional sale, the mortgage works itself out into a sale in the
event of default in payment. Accordingly, the appropriate remedy in this mortgage is to
deprive the mortgagor of the right not be able to redeem the mortgaged property.
iv) Partial foreclosure is not allowed. One of the several mortgagees cannot foreclose I
respect of his share unless several mortgagees have, with consent of the mortgagor,
severed their interest under mortgage. Accordingly, all the co-mortgagees must join
together and file one suit in respect of the whole mortgage-money.
45. Once a mortgage always a mortgage and therefore always redeemable:
GKevi eÜK me©`v eÜK Ges GB eÜK me©`v D×vi‡hvM¨| clog Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv, Av‡ivc Ki‡j evwZj| hw`
clog Kivi †Kvb kZ© D‡jøL bv _v‡K|
D×v‡ii †gqv`:
Limitation Act, 1908, Article 148 – 60 eQi (suit for redemption) | 60 eQi ch©šÍ AwaKvi
ejer _v‡K|
46. Once a mortgage always a mortgage: [Previous Question][Most Important]
Mortgage:
A mortgage is a loan that the borrower uses to purchase or maintain a home or
other form of real estate and agrees to pay back over time, typically in a series of
regular payments. The property serves as collateral to secure the loan.
Mortgagor:
A person who keeps his property as a security for mortgage is known as Mortgagor.
Mortgagee:
The person who takes the mortgage is known as Mortgagee.
Mortgaged property:
The property which is given as security is called the mortgaged property.
The mortgagor has a right to get back his property after repaying the mortgaged
money that he has taken as a loan or debt from the mortgagee.
On the other hand mortgagee has the right to get back the money that he has given as a
loan to the mortgagor.
It is the right of the mortgagor to repay the loan of the mortgagee and get back his
property. Mortgagor’s right to redeem the mortgaged property has been ensured in
Section 60 of the Transfer of Property Act, 1882.
In ordinary cases no restrictions can be imposed on such right except foreclosure.
Foreclosure is a different case when the mortgagor fails to repay the secured money.
Mortgagee can file a suit to the court for having an order so that mortgagor’s right to
redeem the property is barred by the court or an order is given in favour of the mortgagee
to sell the mortgaged property for recovering his debt.
Right to Sale of mortgaged property to realize the mortgage money is guaranteed in
Section 67 of the Transfer of Property Act, 1882.
 Such right can be exercised by the mortgagee only in the special Circumstances:
Case reference:
Nabin Chandra Mondol vs. Lalit Mohon Das 19 DLR 338:
That is why it can be said that: "Once a mortgage always a mortgage". So the
mortgagor will always have the right to get back his mortgaged property if he
repays the debt within the stipulated time.
‡i‡n‡bi UvKv wbw`©ó mg‡q cwi‡kva Kiv m‡Ë¡I †i‡nb MÖnxZv hw` †i‡nbx m¤úwË †diZ w`‡Z A¯^vxKvi K‡i Z‡e
†m‡ÿ‡Î right to redemption Gi gvgjvi KviY DwÌZ/D™¢e n‡q _v‡K|
Mortgage Gi †K›`ªwe›`y n‡”Q FY Ges GB FY cwi‡kv‡ai Rb¨ RvgvbZ wn‡m‡e FYMÖnxZv Zvi †Kvb ¯’vei
m¤úwË FY`vZv‡K cÖ`vb K‡i| ZvB FYMÖnxZv ev †i‡nb`vZv Zvi FY cwi‡kva Ki‡jB †i‡nb m¤úwË †diZ cvq|
m¤úwË wd‡i cvevi GB AwaKvi‡K †i‡nb gyw³i AwaKvi e‡j|
TP Act, 1882 Gi Section 62 and 67 Lye ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| †i‡nbgy³ Kivi AwaKvi Av‡Q e‡jB †i‡nb`vZv Zvi
†i‡nb m¤úwË D×vi Ki‡Z cv‡ib ev gy³ Ki‡Z cv‡ib| hZw`b †i‡nb _vK‡e ZZw`b mswkøó m¤úwË D×v‡ii
AwaKvi _vK‡e| ZvB ejv n‡q‡Q, Once a mortgage always a mortgage.
47. Partial Redemption: AvswkK †i‡nbgy³KiY AvBbwm× wKbv?
mvaviYZ cv‡i bv| GKvwaK _vK‡j cÖ‡hvR¨| GKvwaK †i‡nb`vZvi †ÿ‡Î †Kvb GKRb †i‡nb`vZv hw` †i‡nb
m¤úwËwUi GKwU Ask gy³ Ki‡Z Pvq Z‡e Zv‡K mgMÖ †i‡nb m¤úwËwU gy³ Ki‡Z n‡e, AvswkK gy³ Kiv hv‡e bv|
Z‡e GKwU e¨wZµg Av‡Q, †h‡ÿ‡Î AvswkK †i‡nbgy³ Kiv hvq Section 60(5) G ejv Av‡Q, hw` †i‡nbMÖnxZv
†i‡nb m¤úwˇZ Iqvwikm~‡Î ev µqg~‡j ev Ab¨‡Kvb cÖKv‡i †Kv‡bv Ask jvf K‡i, Z‡e AvswkK redemption
Kiv hvq|
48. Section 82 – Doctrine of Contribution: [Most Important]
Where property subject to a mortgage belongs to two or more persons having distinct and
separate rights of ownership therein, the different shares in or parts of such property
owned by such persons are, in the absence of a contract to the contrary, liable to
contribute rateably to the debt secured by the mortgage, and, for the purpose of
determining the rate at which each such share or part shall contribute, the value thereof
shall be deemed to be its value at the date of the mortgage after deduction of the amount
of any other mortgage or charge to which it may have been subject on that date.
Where, of two properties belonging to the same owner, one is mortgaged to secure one
debt and then both are mortgaged to secure another debt, and the former debt is paid out
of the former property, each property is, in the absence of a contract to the contrary,
liable to contribute rateably to the latter debt after deducting the amount of the former
debt from the value of the property out of which it has been paid.
Nothing in this section applies to a property liable under section 81 to the claim of the
subsequent mortgagee.
†h‡ÿ‡Î †i‡nb m¤úwË `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK e¨w³i gvwjKvbvaxb _v‡K Ges H m¤úwˇZ kixKM‡Yi c„_K c„_K ¯úó ¯^Z¡
_v‡K, †m‡ÿ‡Î Zviv AvbycvwZK nv‡i †i‡nb †`bv cwi‡kv‡ai Rb¨ `vqx n‡e Ges wecixZ †Kv‡bv Pzw³ bv _vK‡j
Ges wK nv‡i Zviv wbR wbR Ask Av`vq Ki‡e †m m¤ú‡K© cÖkœ DÌvwcZ n‡j, cieZ©x mKj `vq cwi‡kv‡ai ci
†i‡n‡bi Zvwi‡L cÖ‡Z¨KwU As‡ki †h g~j¨ n‡e Zvi wfwˇZ FY cwi‡kv‡ai e¨cv‡i kixKM‡Yi Ask wba©vwiZ n‡e|
Av‡iv ejv hvq †h hLb `yB m¤úwËi gvwjK GKB e¨w³, GKwU m¤úwË GKR‡bi Kv‡Q †i‡nb †`q Ges c‡i `ywU
m¤úwË Ab¨ GKR‡bi Kv‡Q †i‡nb †`q Ges cÖ_g †`bv cÖ_g m¤úwË n‡Z cwi‡kva Kiv nq ZLb wecixZ †Kv‡bv
Pzw³ bv _vK‡j Dfq m¤úwË kZKiv nv‡i wØZxq †`bv cwi‡kva Kivi Rb¨ `vqx n‡e| Z‡e cÖ_g m¤úwË g~j¨ wbY©‡q
Zvi Dci n‡Z †h UvKv cÖ_g †`bv †kva Ki‡Z e¨q n‡q‡Q Zv ev` w`‡Z n‡e|
49. Section 92 – Doctrine of subrogation:
GKc‡ÿi ¯’‡j Ab¨ cÿ‡K ¯’jvwfwl³ Kiv hv‡Z K‡i †k‡lv³ c‡ÿi Dci cÖ_g c‡ÿi mKj AwaKvi I `vq `vwqZ¡
eZ©vq| Z‡e eÜK`vZvi subrogation Kivi AwaKvi †bB|
Any of the persons referred to in section 91 (other than the mortgagor) and any co-
mortgagor shall, on redeeming property subject to the mortgage, have, so far as regards
redemption, foreclosure or sale of such property, the same rights as the mortgagee whose
mortgage he redeems may have against the mortgagor or any other mortgagee.
The right conferred by this section is called the right of subrogation, and a person
acquiring the same is said to be subrogated to the rights of the mortgagee whose
mortgage he redeems.
A person who has advanced to mortgagor money with which the mortgage has been
redeemed shall be subrogated to the rights of the mortgagee whose mortgage has been
redeemed, if the mortgagor has by a registered instrument agreed that such persons shall
be so subrogated.
Nothing in this section shall be deemed to confer a right of subrogation on any person
unless the mortgage in respect of which the right is claimed has been redeemed in full.
50. Section 100 – Charge (`vq) t [Previous Question]
cvIbv Av`v‡qi wbðqZvi Rb¨ RwgRgvi AvBwb `vq| cÿmg~‡ni Kvh©Øviv A_ev AvBb cÖ‡qv‡Mi d‡j †h‡ÿ‡Î
GKR‡bi ¯’vei m¤úwË A_© cwi‡kv‡ai Rb¨ Aci GKR‡bi Rvgvb‡Z P‡j hvq, D³ m¤úwËi Dci Zvi `vq i‡q‡Q
e‡j MY¨ nq Ges mKj mvaviY e܇Ki weavb Pv‡R©i †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e|
Where immoveable property of one person is by act of parties or operation of law made
security for the payment of money to another, and the transaction does not amount to a
mortgage, the latter person is said to have a charge on the property; and all the provisions
hereinbefore contained which apply to a simple mortgage shall, so far as may be, apply to
such charge.
Nothing in this section applies to the charge of a trustee on the trust-property for
expenses properly incurred in the execution of his trust, and, save as otherwise expressly
provided by any law for the time being in force, no charge shall be enforced against any
Property in the hands of a person to whom such property has been transferred for
consideration and without notice of the charge
51. Section 105 - Lease (BRviv) t [Most Important]
A lease of immoveable property is a transfer of a right to enjoy such property, made for a
certain time, express or implied, or in perpetuity, in consideration of a price paid or
promised, or of money, a share of crops, service or any other thing of value, to be
rendered periodically or on specified occasions to the transferor by the transferee, who
accepts the transfer on such terms.
GwU GKwU Pzw³| ¯’vei I A¯’vei Df‡qi †ÿ‡Î n‡Z cv‡i| ¯’vei m¤úwZi wj‡Ri †ÿ‡Î m¤úwËi gvwjK m¤úwËi
`Lj cÖRv ev fvovwUqv‡K cÖ`vb K‡i †Kv‡bv GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡qi Rb¨ D³ m¤úwË †fvM `L‡ji Rb¨, wKš‘ m¤úwËi
gvwjKvbv gvwj‡Ki wbKU †_‡K hvq| wj‡Ri †gqv` †k‡l m¤úwËi `Lj m¤úwËi gvwj‡Ki Kv‡Q wd‡i Av‡m|
A GKwU d¬¨v‡Ui gvwjK| †m D³ d¬¨v‡Ui `Lj evwl©K 6 jÿ UvKvq e¨env‡ii Rb¨ B †K Ac©Y K‡i‡Q| Pzw³wU 6
eQ‡ii Rb¨| A Ges B Gi g‡a¨ m¤úvw`Z Pzw³wU wjR e‡j MY¨ n‡e|
 wjR A_© †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mgq ev ¯’vqxfv‡e m¤úwË †fvM Kivi AwaKvi n¯ÍvšÍi Kiv| wjR Ggb GKwU Pzw³ hvi Aax‡b
m¤úwËi gvwjK (BRviv`vZv) Aci e¨w³‡K (cÖRv ev BRviv`vi‡K) mvaviYZ LvRbv Ges mvjvwgbvgxq g~jab ¯^iƒc
cÖ‡`q A‡_©i wewbg‡q m¤§Z mg‡qi Rb¨ m¤úwËi GKK `Lj cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K|
SAT Act Section 75A Abyhvqx, K…wl Rwgi BRviv cÖ`vb wbwl×| NAT Act 1967 ms‡kva‡bi ci AK…wl
Rwgi BRviv cÖ`vbI wbwl× Kiv n‡q‡Q| eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡k Nifvov †`qv Qvov, miKvwi ev Avav miKvwi cÖf…wZ
ms¯’v e¨ZxZ Ab¨ †KD Rwg BRviv w`‡Z cv‡i bv|
Essentials of lease:
i) cÿMY,
ii) wj‡Ri welqe¯‘ (¯’vei m¤úwË),
iii) cÖwZ`vb,
iv) wbw`©ó mg‡qi Rb¨ (gvwmK ev evwl©K ev ¯’vqx)
K…wlKvh© ev KviLvbvRvZ Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ ¯’vei m¤úwËi BRviv n‡j †gqv` t
cÖRv¯^‡Z¡i erm‡ii †gqv` †kl nIqvi mv‡_ 6 gv‡mi Notice w`‡q BRviv`vZv ev BRviv`vi, †h‡Kvb cÿ wj‡Ri
Aemvb NUv‡Z cv‡i (evrmwiK cÖRv¯^Z¡) |
Ab¨vb¨ †ÿ‡Î t
gvm n‡Z gvm †gqv`| cÖRv¯^‡Z¡i †gqv` †kl nIqvi mv‡_ 15 w`‡bi Notice w`‡q BRviv`vZv ev BRviv`vi,
†h‡Kvb cÿ wj‡Ri Aemvb NUv‡Z cv‡i|
GB Notice Just BRviv cwimgvwßi Rb¨, D‡”Q‡`i Rb¨ bv| Notice Gi weavb Section – 106
Section 105-117 – Lease (BRviv) Gi mv‡_ m¤ú„³|
52. Section 107 – ‡hmKj ¯’vei m¤úwËi BRviv wbeÜb Ki‡Z n‡e t
i) cÖwZ eQi AšÍi ev GK eQi A‡cÿv `xN©Zi †gqv‡`i BRviv,
ii) evrmwiK LvRbv wba©viY c~e©K ¯’vei m¤úwËi BRviv|
Ab¨vb¨ BRviv wbewÜZ `wjj ev †g․wLK n‡Z cv‡i|
Section 108 – BRviv `vZv I BRviv`v‡ii AwaKvi I `vq ejv Av‡Q|
53. Tenancy at will:
†h cÖRv¯^Z¡ gvwjK ev cÖRv †h ‡Kv‡bv mg‡q wejyß Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv B”Qvaxb cÖRv¯^Z¡|
54. Section 116 – Holding over: [Previous Question]
†gqv` DËx‡Y©i ciI `L‡j _vKv (fvovwUqv)| m¤§wZ bv _vK‡j †h AwaKvi ev ¯^‡Z¡i m„wó nq Zv Tenant at
sufferance (Aemnb cÖRv¯^Z¡)|
55. Determination of Lease (BRviv MYbv): Section 111 [Previous Question]
wb¤œwjwLZ Dcv‡q n‡Z cv‡i t
i) By lapse of time (†gqv` DËxY© n‡j),
ii) †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó NUbv NUv m¤ú‡K©,
iii) BRviv`vZvi ¯^v_© we‡jvc K‡i,
iv) By merger (GKwÎKi‡Yi gva¨‡g),
v) By express or implied surrender (e¨³ ev Ae¨³fv‡e ¯^Z¡ Z¨vM Kivi gva¨‡g),
vi) By forfeiture (BRvivi kZ© f½ K‡i),
vii) D‡”Q‡`i Notice Gi †gqv` †kl nIqvi ci|
56. Section 122 – Gift (`vb): [For MCQ and Viva]
†h ‡Kvb ag©vej¤^x `vb Ki‡Z cv‡ib
KwZcq ¯’vei I A¯’vei m¤úwË †¯^”Qvq Ges cÖwZ`vb Qvov n¯ÍvšÍi Kiv| RxeÏkvq `vb MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e|
Essential elements of a Gift:
i) Parties
ii) Acceptance
 iii) Registration
iv) Voluntary delivery of possession
v) Absence of consideration
vi) Existence of property necessary
Section 123:
i) Aek¨B wbewÜZ n‡Z n‡e|
ii) `vZv KZ…©K ¯^vÿwiZ n‡Z n‡e|
iii) me©wb¤œ 2 Rb mvÿx KZ…©K mZ¨vwqZ n‡Z n‡e|
Section 126 – evwZj ev cÖZ¨vnvit
`vZvi B”Qvi Dci wbf©i K‡i bv Ggb NUbv msNwUZ n‡j|
57. Section 127 – Onerous Gift (`vqhy³ `vb):
hLb GKwUgvÎ n¯ÍvšÍi Øviv GKB e¨w³‡K wewfbœ wRwbm `vb Kiv nq Ges IB wewfbœ wRwb‡mi g‡a¨ GKwU wRwbm
eva¨evaKZv Øviv `vqhy³ nq Ges Ab¨ wRwbm¸‡jv `vqhy³ bv _v‡K, ZLb `vbMÖnxZv GB `vbwU m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c MÖnY bv
Ki‡j †mB `vb †_‡K wKQzB MÖnY Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| A_©vr `vb Ges `vq Dfq MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e Ab¨_vq `vbwU Kvh©Ki
n‡e bv| GUv `vqhy³ `vb e‡j MY¨ nq|
Where a gift is in the form of a single transfer to the same person of several things of
which one is, and the others are not, burden by an obligation, the donee can take
nothing by the gift unless he accepts it fully.
Where a gift is in the form of two or more separate and independent transfers to the
same person of several things, the donee is at liberty to accept one of them and
refuse the others, although the former may be beneficial and the latter onerous.
58. Section 130 – Actionable Claim: [Previous Question]
Definition of Actionable Claim - Section 03:
Actionable claim” means a claim to any debt, other than a debt secured by mortgage of
immoveable property or by hypothecation or pledge of moveable property, or to any
beneficial interest in moveable property not in the possession, either actual or
constructive, of the claimant, which the Civil Courts recognize as affording grounds for
relief, whether such debt or beneficial interest be existent, accruing, conditional or
contingent.
†h mKj AwaKvi cÖ‡qvM Øviv `vex Kiv hvq wKš‘ wbR `L‡j †bqv hvq bv A_P gvgjvi gva¨‡g cÖwZKvi cvIqv hvq
Zv‡K bvwjk‡hvM¨ `vex e‡j| Z‡e Zv †`Iqvbx Av`vj‡Z cÖwZKv‡ii wfwË wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…Z nq|
i) Any unsecured debt (Awbivc` F‡Yi `vwe) |
ii) Any interest in Immovable Property not in possession of the claimant (`vex`v‡ii
`L‡j †bB Ggb ¯’vei m¤úwËi ¯^‡Z¡i `vex) |
‡h †ÿ‡Î `vex n‡e bv – Section 03
i) Rvgvb‡Z FY MÖnY
ii) ¯’vei m¤úwËi eÜK Øviv msM„nxZ FY
iii) A¯’vei m¤úwË Rgv †i‡L msM„nxZ FY
iv) Pzw³f‡½i ÿwZc~i‡Yi `vex bvwjk‡hvM¨ `vexi AvIZvq Av‡m bv|
59. g‡b Kiæb Avcwb †Kv‡bv m¤úwË n¯ÍvšÍi Ki‡jb, Gi d‡j †Kvb †Kvb ¯^v_© n¯ÍvšÍwiZ n‡e? [Previous Question]
†hme ¯^v_© n¯ÍvšÍwiZ n‡e:
i) n¯ÍvšÍ‡ii m¤úwˇZ _vKv n¯ÍvšÍ‡ii mKj ¯^v_©,
ii) m¤úwËi e¨envi ¯^v_©,
iii) n¯ÍvšÍi cieZ©xKvjxb LvRbv, jvf, fvov,
iv) n¯ÍvšÍwiZ m¤úwË bvwjk‡hvM¨ `vex n‡j Zvi RvgvbZ n¯ÍvšÍwiZ nq|
60. GKRb we‡`kx bvMwiK evsjv‡`‡k m¤úwË n¯ÍvšÍi Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| Sultan Uddin vs. Bangladesh 32
DLR 252.
61. Sub-Mortgage:
When a mortgagee further mortgages the property mortgaged with him by way of
security the mortgage is called a sub-mortgage. For example, Mr. A mortgages his house
to Mr. B for a sum of Tk. 20,000. If Mr. B further mortgages that property then he creates
sub-mortgage.
62. When gifts may be suspended or revoked:
According to the Section 126 of the Transfer of Property Act, 1882 provides the
conditions where a gift may be revoked.
The donor and donee may agree that on the happening of any specified event which
does not depend on the will of the donor a gift shall be suspended or revoked; but a
gift which the parties agree shall be revocable wholly or in part, at the mere will of
the donor, is void wholly or in part, as the case may be.
A gift may also be revoked in any of the cases (save want or failure of consideration) in
which, if it were a contract, it might be rescinded.
Save as aforesaid, a gift cannot be revoked.
Nothing contained in this section shall be deemed to affect the rights of transferees for
consideration without notice.
Illustrations
(a) A gives a field to B, reserving to himself, with B's assent, the right to take back
the field in case B and his descendants die before A. B dies without descendants in
A's lifetime. A may take back the field.
(b) A gives a lakh of Tk. to B, reserving to himself, with B's assent, the right to take
back at pleasure Tk. 10,000, out of the lakh. The gift holds goods as to Tk. 90,000,
but is void as to Tk. 10,000, which continue to belong to A.
63. Total 137 Sections.
64. Abdul Karim executed a deed of sale in respect of certain land in favour of Abdul
Khaleque on 10.10.1995 and in respect of the same land he executed a deed of sale in
favour of Abdul Gafur on 15.10.1995 and on the same the deed in favour of abdul Gafur
was registered. Thereafter, on 17.10.1995 the deed in favour of Abdul Khaleq was
registered. Who will get priority? Discuss. [Previous Question]
Will get priority:
Abdul Khaleque will get the priority.
According to the Section 47 of the Registration Act, 1908 states that a registered
document shall operate from the time of execution.
 The deed in favour of Abdul Khaleque was executed earlier but registered later. It was
registered on 17.10.1995. This registration shall be deemed to operate from 10.10.1995.
So, he shall get priority.
65. X lets a house to Y for five years. Y sublets the house to Z at taka five hundred per
month. After expiry of the above lease period Z continues in possession of the house
and pays the monthly rent to X. Can Z legally continue in possession? [Previous
Question]
Z legally continue in possession:
Yes, Z can legally continue his possession. His lease is renewed from month to month.
This is called the doctrine of holding over.
As per section 116, if a lease or under – lease of property remains in possession after
the determination of the lease and the lessor accepts rents from year to year according
to the purpose of the lease,
Here after determination of the lease, X accepts monthly rent. So, the doctrine of
holding over applies here. Z can legally continue his possession until evicted by
notice.

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