66

WHOLE BRAIN LEARNING SYSTEM

OUTCOME-BASED EDUCATION

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL GRADE

Disciplines and Ideas in the Social 11/12
Sciences

LEARNING QUARTER 3
MODULE WEEK 7-8

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module DISS 11/12 0

 MODULE IN
DISCIPLINES AND IDEAS IN THE
SOCIAL SCIENCES

QUARTER 3

WEEK 7-8

PSYCHOANALYSIS, RATIONAL
CHOICE AND INSTITUTIONALISM

Development Team
Writer: Clarisse C. Raval
Editors/Reviewers: Roxy G. Gaoiran Rhonel S. Bandiola
Richard A. Hapa
Layout Artist: Bryll B. Atienza
Management Team: Vilma D. Eda Arnel S. Bandiola
Lourdes B. Arucan Juanito V. Labao
Imelda Fatima G. Hernaez

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module DISS 11/12 1

 What I Need to Know

What this module is about?

This module is a SELF-PACED learning material for you to continue your

studies in the comfort and safety of your home.
This module presents knowledge about the basic concepts and principles of the
major social science ideas. It contains interesting discussion that will guide you in
understanding these concepts. Activities are found in every lesson to test your
understanding and to help you retain better what you have learned.

Most Essential Learning Competency:

Analyze the basic concepts and principles of the major social science ideas:
a. Psychoanalysis
b. Rational Choice
c. Institutionalism

What you are expected to learn?

After going through the module, you are expected to:

✓ discuss and analyze the basic concepts and principles of the psychoanalysis,
rational choice and institutionalism;
✓ show the significance of psychoanalysis, rational choice and institutionalism;
and
✓ explain social impacts of psychoanalysis, rational choice and institutionalism.

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 What I Know

Pre-test: Mulitple Choice

Directions: Read and analyze the items carefully. Choose the letter of the
correct answer. Write you answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1) These two biological instincts make up the id, according to Freud:

A. Eros and Thanos
B. Eros and Thanatos
C. Thanatos and Ego
D. Thanos and Ego

2) Which of the following best describes Intitutionalism?

A. The belief that all people possess unconscious thoughts, feelings, desires, and
memories.
B. It explains social phenomena as outcomes of individual choices that can, in
some way, be construed as rational.
C. An approach that emphasizes the role of institutions and how it poses an effect
on the behavior of individuals and groups.
D. None of the above

3) All are types of defense mechanism except for:

A. Catharsis
B. Reaction Formation
C. Regression
D. Sublimation

4) Which of the following illustrates ego?

A. “Maybe later.”
B. “I want to do it now!”
C. “It’s not right to do that.”
D. “Maybe we can compromise.”

5) It is creating false excuses for one’s unacceptable feelings, thoughts or behavior.

A. Displacement
B. Projection
C. Rationalization
D. Repression

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6) The main assumption behind the rational choice theory is:
A. people are motivated by money.
B. the idea that everything people do is fundamentally rational.
C. people use defense mechanisms to protect themselves from information
contained in the unconscious.
D. All of the above

7) Psychoanalysis is defined as a set of psychological theories and therapeutic

methods which have their origin in the work and theories of ___________________.
A. Carl Jung
B. Karl Marx
C. Max Weber
D. Sigmund Freud

8) Which of the following is not an assumption of the Rational Choice Theory?

A. completeness
B. rationality
C. transitivity
D. independence of irrelevant alternatives

9) The institutionalism that emerged in the 1980’s is called _________________.

A. new institutionalism
B. old institutionalism
C. true institutionalism
D. None of the above

10) Freud suggested that personality was largely set in stone by the age of:
A. Eighteen
B. Five
C. Ten
D. Three

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 Lesson
PSYCHOANALYSIS
1

What is It

Introduction

Psychoanalysis is defined as a set of

psychological theories and therapeutic
methods which have their origin in the work
and theories of Sigmund Freud.
The primary assumption of
psychoanalysis is the belief that all people
possess unconscious thoughts, feelings,
desires, and memories. The aim of
psychoanalysis therapy is to release
repressed emotions and experiences (make
the unconscious conscious). It is only having
a cathartic (healing) experience can the Source:https://www.thoughtco.com/sigmund-freud-1779806
person be helped and "cured.".
In other words, the goal of psychoanalysis is to bring what exists at the
unconscious or subconscious level up to consciousness. This goal is accomplished
through talking to another person about the big questions in life, the things that matter,
and diving into the complexities that lie beneath the simple-seeming surface.
Psychoanalysis also suggests that:
⚫ A person's behavior is influenced by their unconscious drives.
⚫ Emotional and psychological problems such as depression and anxiety are often
rooted in conflicts between the conscious and unconscious mind.
⚫ Personality development is heavily influenced by the events of early childhood
(Freud suggested that personality was largely set in stone by the age of five).
⚫ People use defense mechanisms to protect themselves from information
contained in the unconscious.

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Freud’s Model of Mind

Source:https://www.chegg.com/learn/psychology
/introduction-to-psychology/principle-contribution-
of-freuds-psychoanalytic-theory
Id
The id operates at an unconscious level and focuses solely on instinctual drives
and desires. Two biological instincts make up the id, according to Freud: eros, or the
instinct to survive that drives us to engage in life-sustaining activities, and thanatos, or
the death instinct that drives destructive, aggressive, and violent behavior.
Ego
The ego acts as both a conduit for and a check on the id, working to meet the
id’s needs in a socially appropriate way. It is the most tied to reality and begins to
develop in infancy;
Superego
The superego is the portion of the mind in which morality and higher principles
reside, encouraging us to act in socially and morally acceptable ways.

The image above offers a context of this “iceberg” model wherein much of our
mind exists in the realm of the unconscious impulses and drives.

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Common Types of Defense Mechanism:

Source:https://www.pinterest.ph/amehrkens/defense-mechanisms/

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 What’s More

Activity 1: Identification
Directions: Read each situation and identify which defense mechanisms were
being described. Choose your answers from the given defense mechanisms in the
box. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

Regression Projection Rationalization

Sublimation Displacement

Repression Reaction Formation

1) Anna is very annoyed with her boss but she takes it out to her sister when she got
home after work.
2) Timothy believes that they don’t want him to be part of the basketball team. But in
reality, he is not confident with his abilities.
3) Maria said that she did poorly on the examination because the questions were very
tricky.
4) An adult curling up in fetal position when feeling afraid.
5) Acting like you hate someone you really have a crush on.
6) Sheena is jealous of her sister’s success but she is unaware of her feelings.
7) Marco learned boxing to unleash pent-up aggression.
8) Jill always makes excuses and justifies all of her mistakes.
9) May’s teenager son would always suck his thumb when he feels nervous.
10) She repressed her angry feelings toward her friend by displaying exaggerated
friendliness.

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 Lesson
RATIONAL CHOICE
2

What is It

Introduction

Rational choice theory

explains social phenomena as
outcomes of individual choices that
can, in some way, be construed as
rational. Choices are “rational” if they
meet some consistency criterion as
defined by a decision theory and are
suitable to achieve specific goals,
given the constraints of the situation.
Rational choice theory comes in many
varieties, depending on the
assumptions that are made
Source;https://www.google.com/search?q=rational+choice+theory&tb
concerning preferences, beliefs, and m=isch&ved=2ahUKEwikvdW79N7vAhUOvZQKHeg9AV0Q2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=rational+cho&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQARgAMgIIADICC
constraints—the key elements of all rational choice explanations.
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ABwAHgAgAGNAogBsQ-
It has long been assumed that people are motivated by money. Then some
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sociologists theorized that people were motivated by what is best for them in all their
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actions and that their actions were shaped by their desire for more, rather than less,
mgrc=1y4P7Ar4KjX5DM

of something good. This led to the development of rational choice theory.

The main assumption behind the rational choice theory is the idea that
everything people do is fundamentally rational. Rationality here means that a person
is acting as if they were weighing the cost and benefits of possible actions so that they
can maximize their gain.
Assumptions of the Rational Choice Theory
1) First is the assumption of completeness, which means that every action can be
ranked. If three possible actions can take, completeness means that none of the
options have equal value. A is preferable to B and B is preferable to C. And that C
is not then preferable to A because that would be circular and irrational according
to our definition. This leads to the second assumption.

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2) The second assumption is transitivity. This means that if we look at those three
options since A is preferable to B is preferable to C, then A is also preferable to C.
It’s like in math. A is greater than B is greater than C, therefore, A is greater than
C.

3) The last assumption is called the independence of irrelevant alternatives. That’s

just a big fancy way of saying that if we suddenly have a fourth option, X, that it
won’t change the order of how it ranked in the first three options. We already have
A is better than B is better than C. If X is better than C but worse than B, B isn’t
suddenly going to be preferable to A. A is still the best option.

What’s More

Activity 2: Agree or Disagree

Directions: Based on the discussion on the rational choice theory, people act
in self-interest. That we are driven by our personal desires and we are motivated by
our personal goals. Do you agree with this? Explain why or why not. Write your
answers on a separate sheet of paper.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________.

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 Lesson
INSTITUTIONALISM
3

What is It

Introduction

Institutionalism, in the
social sciences, an approach
that emphasizes the role of
institutions and how it poses
an effect on the behavior of
individuals and groups. It
started the academic focus
on bureaucracy.
The study of institutions has
a long pedigree. It draws
Source:https://www.google.com/search?q=different+institution+in+the+community&tbm=
insights from previous work
isch&ved=2ahUKEwj4kKak9N7vAhW6xIsBHSVmCIcQ2- in a wide array of disciplines,
cCegQIABAA&oq=different+institution&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQARgCMgIIADICCAAyAggAM
including economics, political science, sociology, anthropology, and psychology. The
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IAZ8EkgEDMC40mAEAoAEBqgELZ3dzLXdpei1pbWfAAQE&sclient=img&ei=Y7ZmYLjT
reappearance of interest in institutions in the early 1980’s followed a familiar pattern:
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vX_8ENQw2LxM4M
it was a reaction to dominant strands of thought that neglected institutions, historical
context, and process in favour of general theorizing. Accordingly, institutionalism is
frequently characterized by the attention it gives to history. The institutionalism that
emerged in the 1980’s is called new institutionalism, but it is less “new” than it is a
restatement of previous scholarship. The following discussion traces the development
of institutionalism from the 19th century to the emergence of new institutionalism in the
last decades of the 20th century.
It only proves that institutions are directly affected by the ideology developed in
a certain population. Ideology influences institutions. A country falls into a cycle of
conflicts and struggles under various circumstances. Such struggles affect the
economic and political environment, which leads to inefficiency in addressing the
needs of the people and neglecting fundamental principles which directed in the
promotion of peace and stability.

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 What I Can Do

Activity 3.1: Written Work (Creative Constructed Response Test Item)

Learning Competency: Show the significance of psychoanalysis, rational choice and
institutionalism
Directions: Your goal is to show the significance of the major social science ideas
(psychoanalysis, rational choice and institutionalism) through a concept map.
Use these guide questions to help you in your concept map:
1) What are the concepts and principles of Psychoanalysis, Rational Choice
Theory and Institutionalism?
2) How do these concepts and principles affect society and individuals?

(Psychoanalysis)

Significance

(Rational Choice
(Institutionalism)
Theory)

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Rubrics for the Written Work:
RATING DESCRIPTION
Student shows a very creative understanding and was able to explain clearly
4
the significance of the major social science ideas.
Student shows a complete understanding and was able to explain the
3
significance of the major social science ideas.
Student makes a trivial mistake, shows understanding and was able to explain
2
the significance of the major social science ideas.
Student does not show understanding, answers are not correct and was not able
1
to explain the significance of the major social science ideas.

Activity 3.2: Performance Task

PERFORMANCE STANDARD:
Explain social impacts of psychoanalysis, rational choice and institutionalism
SITUATION
You have been asked to make a poster which will be part of the art exhibition of the
Social Sciences Department.
GOAL
Your task is to make a poster showing the social impacts of the basic concepts and
principles of the major social sciences ideas.

ROLE
One of the member of the Social Science Department.
PRODUCT
You are to make a poster showing the social impacts of the basic concepts and
principles of the major social sciences ideas. You may choose one among the three
(3) major social sciences ideas (Psychoanalysis, Rational Choice Theory or
Institutionalism).
AUDIENCE
Will be grouped of people who will visit the art exhibition.

STANDARDS
Based on the content & accuracy, the relevance of your poster to the topic and its
impact on the viewers.

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Rubrics for the Performance Task:
4 3 2 1
RATING
CRITERIA OUTSTANDING SATISFACTORY DEVELOPING BEGINNING
The content The content was The content The content
was highly clearly presented was not so was not
presented and and connected to presented presented
Content &
connected to the topic. clearly and not well and not
Accuracy
the topic. so connected connected at
to the topic. all to the
topic.
Some of the Some of the Some of the Some of the
ideas were ideas were ideas were not ideas were
Relevance highly connected to the connected to not
connected to topic. the topic. connected to
the topic. the topic at
all.

The output gave The output gave The output The output
a strong a good message gave a has no clear
message to the to the viewers. message to message.
Impact viewers. the viewers.

Total:

Now that you are through with the module, CONGRATULATIONS!!! You are ready for
the posttest. Answer the posttest and find out how well you have gone through the module.
Compare your score with that of the pretest. If you got higher, that means that you have
learned something. GOOD LUCK!

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 Assessment

Post-test: Multiple Choice

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.

A. “Maybe later.”
B. “I want to do it now!”
C. “It’s not right to do that.”
D. “Maybe we can compromise.”

1) The institutionalism that emerged in the 1980’s is called _________________.

A. new institutionalism
B. old institutionalism
C. true institutionalism
D. None of the above

2) Which of the following best describes Intitutionalism?

A. The belief that all people possess unconscious thoughts, feelings, desires, and
memories.
B. It explains social phenomena as outcomes of individual choices that can, in
some way, be construed as rational.
C. An approach that emphasizes the role of institutions and how it poses an effect
on the behavior of individuals and groups.
D. None of the above

3) The main assumption behind the rational choice theory is:

A. people are motivated by money.
B. the idea that everything people do is fundamentally rational.
C. people use defense mechanisms to protect themselves from information
contained in the unconscious.
D. All of the above

4) Freud suggested that personality was largely set in stone by the age of:
A. Eighteen
B. Five
C. Ten
D. Three

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module DISS 11/12 15

5) All are types of defense mechanism except for:
A. Catharsis
B. Reaction Formation
C. Regression
D. Sublimation

6) Psychoanalysis is defined as a set of psychological theories and therapeutic

methods which have their origin in the work and theories of ___________________.
A. Carl Jung
B. Karl Marx
C. Max Weber
D. Sigmund Freud

7) It is creating false excuses for one’s unacceptable feelings, thoughts or behavior.

A. Displacement
B. Projection
C. Rationalization
D. Repression

8) Two biological instincts make up the id, according to Freud:

A. Eros and Thanos
B. Eros and Thanatos
C. Thanatos and Ego
D. Thanos and Ego

9) Which of the following is not an assumption of the Rational Choice Theory?

A. completeness
B. rationality
C. transitivity
D. independence of irrelevant alternatives

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17 DISS 11/12 Self-Learning Module MELC-Aligned WBLS-OBE
Assessment: What’s More (Act. 1): Pre-test :
1. Displacement
1. D 2. B
2. Projection
2. A 3. Rationalization 3. C
4. Regression
3. C 5. Reaction Formation 4. A
4. B 6. Repression 5. D
7. Sublimation
5. B 8. Rationalization 6. C
9. Regression 7. B
6. A
10. Reaction Formation
7. D 8. D
What’s More (Act. 2):
8. C 9. B
Answers may vary
9. B 10. A
What I Can Do (Act. 3.1):
10. B Answers may vary 11. B
What I Can Do (Act. 3.2):
Answers may vary
1.
Answer Key
References

https://positivepsychology.com/psychoanalysis/

https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-psychoanalysis-2795246

https://www.simplypsychology.org/defense-mechanisms.html

https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document

https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/society-and-culture/social-
structures/v/rational-choice-exchange

https://www.britannica.com/topic/institutionalism

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division of Laoag City

Curriculum Implementation Division
Brgy. 23 San Matias, Laoag City, 2900
Contact Number: (077)-771-3678
Email Address: laoag.city@deped.gov.ph

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module DISS 11/12