Note: Calculated value: Ifull=MVA/(1.

732*KV)

Idiff=0.2*Ifull

b) DIFFERENTIAL HIGH SET TEST (I DIFF>>)

Side 2 (Gr Neutral Side)

Phase Set Value I/In Cal Value Optd Value Set Time (S) Optd Trip
Diff >> (Amps) (Amps) Time(Ms)

R-N 2.0 8.2 8.2 0.0 33

Y-N 2.0 8.2 8.2 0.0 32
B-N 2.0 8.2 8.2 0.0 31

Side 1 (Gr Terminal Side)

Phase Set Value I/In Cal Value Optd Value Set Time (S) Optd Trip
Diff >> (Amps) (Amps) Time(Ms)

R-N 2.0 8.2 8.2 0.0 30

Y-N 2.0 8.2 8.2 0.0 32
B-N 2.0 8.2 8.2 0.0 32

Remarks: Class-A tripping should be checked.

c) STABILITY TEST:
Apply the full load current on both terminal and neutral side with an angle of 180 degree phase shift
on any one side. (Angle will be vary depends on the vector group)
Dyn1 (-30° displacement between HV and LV)
Dyn11 (+30° displacement between HV and LV)
Dd0 (no phase displacement between HV and LV)
Dd6 (180° displacement between HV and LV)

2. INTER TURN FAULT PROTECTION OF THE STATOR WINDING (64GIT) :

Formerly, this type of protection was considered unnecessary because breakdown of insulation between
points on the same phase winding, contained in the same slot, and between which a potential difference exists, will
very rapidly change into an earth fault, and will be detective by either the differential protections or the stator earth
fault protection. An exception is the generator designed to produce a relatively high voltage in comparison to its
output and which therefore contains a large number of conductors per slot. With the size and voltage output of
generators increasing, this form of protection is becoming essential for all generating units.

Diagram:

5
 The recommended relay is the high impedance relay having a setting range of 10-40% of rated current.

Settings:
L-E Voltage of Faulted Phase Uph Min 110 V
L-E Voltage of Unfaulted Phase Uph Max 110 V
Uen> Earth Displacement Voltage 10 V
T-DELAY TRIP Uen/3U0 0.50 sec
TEST:

Voltage measured Voltage Set value Operated Operated

Voltage Applied In(V) at open delta measured (V) value (V) time (sec)
terminal after IVT2

Vr-n 61.1 0

Vy-n 63.5 -120 2.4V 10.0V 10.0V 10.0 0.52

Vb-n 63.5 +1200

Remarks: Class-A tripping should be checked.

3. STATOR EARTH FAULT PROTECTION (0-95%) 64G1:

It is an over voltage relay monitoring the voltage developed across the secondary of the neutral grounding
transformer in case of ground faults. It covers generator, LV winding of generator transformer and HV
winding of UAT. A pickup voltage setting of 5% is adopted with a time delay setting of about 1.0 Sec. For
all machines of ratings 10 MVA and above this shall be provided. Relay application for this protection is
mainly influenced by the method of stator earthing. Two methods are in common use.
Resistor earthing
Distribution transformer earthing
With resistor earthing, the fault current is limited to 200-300Amps while with distribution transformer
earthing; it is limited to 5-10Amps. The latter method has the advantage of ensuring minimum damage to the
stator core, but it is only practicable when the stator winding is directly connected to the delta winding of the
main transformer. The two schemes for stator earth fault protection (95%) are shown below:-

1. Distribution transformer earthing (NGT) 2. Resistor earthing(NGR)

6
Distribution transformer earthing (High impedance Resistor earthing(Low impedance earthing):
earthing): In the resistor earthed scheme, a CT is required in the
Earth fault protection is provided by connecting an neutral to earth connection, and the relay used is an
Over voltage relay across its secondary, as shown. inverse time current relay so that it can grade with other
The maximum earth fault current is determined by the earth fault relays in the system. It also provides
Size of the transformer and the loading resistor R. The protection for the neutral earthing resistor. In this
Relay used for this Application is an inverse time or system, it is impossible to protect 100% of the stator
definite Time over voltage relay (Also known as neutral winding. The percentage of winding protected depends
displacement Relay) with a setting range Of 2.5 to 20 on the value of the neutral earthing resistor and the relay
Volts. The relay is Provided with an inbuilt third setting. In the figure below, the percentage of winding
Harmonic filter so as to avoid Unwanted operations due protector is given for various values of earthing resistor
to third Harmonic currents and the Problems associated at different relays settings, from 5-100 %.
with transformer inter winding capacitance. It is possible
to protect up to 95% of the generator stator Winding
with this relay.

Settings:
Stator Earth Fault Protection ON
U0> Pickup 4.8 V
T S/E/F Time Delay 0.20 sec
Test:

Voltage Voltage measured at relay Set value (V) Operated Set time(s) Optd
injected(V)UE (After voltage divider ) (V) value (V) time(s)

12.10 4.84 4.80 4.84 0.2 0.2

Remarks: Class-A tripping should be checked.

100% STATOR EARTH FAULT PROTECTION:-

To provide 100% stator earth fault protection, an additional relay for covering 95-100% of the winding is provided..
This is a 3rd harmonic U/V relay. It protects 100% of stator winding. During the machine running condition there
will be certain third harmonic voltage at neutral side of the generator. This 3rd harmonic voltage will come
down when a stator earth fault occurs causing this relay to operate. This shall have voltage check or current
check unit, to prevent faulty operation of the relay at generator stand still or during the machine running down
period. The third harmonic relays setting is determined from the amount of generator neutral third harmonic neutral
voltages. Calculations can be based on mission specifications and equipment capacitances or on field measurements.
To prevent 64G2 function from false tripping when there is no voltage, or low voltage, on the generator it's
supervised by the phase under-voltage relay 27.Set this relay at 90% of the rated voltage.

Settings:
100% Stator-Earth-Fault Protection ON
Pickup Value of Alarm Stage Rsef< 168 Ohm
Pickup Value of Tripping Stage Rsef<< 84 Ohm
Time Delay of Alarm Stage Rsef< 10.00 sec
Time Delay of Tripping Stage Rsef<< 1.00 sec
Pickup Value of I SEF>> Stage 0.75 A
Supervision Threshold of 20Hz Voltage 1V
Supervision Threshold of 20Hz Current 10 mA

7
 Test: (According to the theory the test method was given below. With the help of setting, the method was
shorting the PT terminal of generator. For an example short GRP1 TB 18&20 then the relay will
operate after time delay)

set value of voltage(V) Set value of frequency(Hz) set time (s) operated time (s)

1% of voltage 150 1 1.1

Remarks: Class-A tripping should be checked.

4. ROTOR EARTH FAULT (64F):

A single earth fault on the field winding or in the exciter circuit of a generator is not in itself a danger to the
machine. Should a second earth fault develop, however, part of the field winding will become short circuited,
resulting in magnetic un-balance of the filed system with subsequent mechanical damage to the machine
bearings. It is necessary to ensure that should a second rotor earth fault occur, the machine is disconnected. This is
achieved by the use of a second rotor earth fault relay which comprises adjustable resistors and a sensing element.

Diagram:

Settings:

Pickup Value of Warning Stage Re< 40.0 kOhm

Pickup Value of Tripping Stage Re<< 5.0 kOhm
Time Delay of Warning Stage Re< 10.00 sec
Time Delay of Tripping Stage Re<< 1.00 sec
Test:
Wires coming out from generator exciter are to be shorted.

TB’s to be shorted for above: For an example, GRP1/TB1-31, 32.

Set Re in (k ) Optd value Re in k Set time (s) optd time (s)

Alarm ----- 40 Tested by shorting above TB’s 10.0 10.0
Trip-------5 1.0 1.02
Remarks: Class-A tripping checked ok

FOR AN ABNORMAL RUNNING CONDITION:

5. LOSS OF EXCITATION OR UNDER EXCITATION(40G):
In case of loss of excitation (loss of field or field failure), the generator goes out of synchronism
and starts running asynchronously at a speed higher than the system, absorbing reactive power from the
system. Under these conditions, the stator end regions and part of the rotor get over heated.