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Hardware Report

This document summarizes the rules and guidelines for a computer engineering laboratory. It also describes the experiences gained from practical experiments on key computer components like the power supply, hard drive, RAM, motherboard, video card, and monitor. The experiments helped understand the functions and proper installation of each component as well as troubleshooting faulty parts. Safety precautions were also learned, such as proper handling of hard drives and avoiding food/drinks near equipment.

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chidebem emmauel
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
55 views26 pages

Hardware Report

This document summarizes the rules and guidelines for a computer engineering laboratory. It also describes the experiences gained from practical experiments on key computer components like the power supply, hard drive, RAM, motherboard, video card, and monitor. The experiments helped understand the functions and proper installation of each component as well as troubleshooting faulty parts. Safety precautions were also learned, such as proper handling of hard drives and avoiding food/drinks near equipment.

Uploaded by

chidebem emmauel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 26

COMPUTER ENGINEERING LABORAATORY

(COE 307)
COMPUTER HARDWARE LABORATORY SUMMARY

PRESENTED BY
UBADIKE CHIDEBEM EMMANUEL
19/ENG02/065

COMPUTER ENGINEERING PROGRAMME

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS/COMPUTER


ENGINEERING

TO BE SUBMITTED TO THE
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS/COMPUTER
ENGINEERING

DATE: WEDNESDAY, 8TH DECEMBER 2021

1
RULES OF A COMPUTER ENGINEERING LABORATORY
A computer engineering laboratory is where students undergo computer experiments practically and

the following are the rules guiding the laboratory.

1. Each person may use one computer at a time.

2. Computers and peripherals are not to be moved or reconfigured without approval of Lab

Classrooms staff.

3. Students may not install software on lab computers. If you have a question regarding specific

software that you need to use, contact the Classroom and Labs support team.

4. Food is generally not allowed in computer labs, though some exceptions may apply. Check with

staff to determine THAT lab’s policy.

5. Drinks are allowed, as long as they are in no-spill containers.

6. Behavior and activities that disturbs other users or disrupt the operations of the lab are not

allowed. This includes, but is not limited to; physical activities such as rough–housing, loud

music, etc.

7. Games may not be played on computer science lab systems or servers.

2
EXPERIENCE GAINED
During the entire practical process, I learnt the importance of the parts of a computer
system and the problems that occurs when its either bad or not connected through the
use of a computer repair trainer. I was also able to understand their functions and learnt
how to connect the computer system and troubleshoot the failed components.

In the case of a power supply I learnt that the wires in the connector carries different voltages
which are supplied to various parts of the mother board to power the system. Also the
connectors are and must be the same with that of the motherboard, for example; an ATX
motherboard makes use of an ATX power supply.

In the case of RAM’s, they are of two types which are SD and DD RAMs. An SD RAM has two
notch at its base while a DD RAM has just one notch and it must also be selected according to
the one the motherboard uses. Also RAMS are volatile whereas there store data but loses them
during power failure.

I also leant various precautionary ways of keeping some of these components safe from damage
which are;
 A hard drive shouldn’t drop of fall as it can beak the platters and spoil the drive for good
leading to loss of files.
 Ensure that when connecting parts, you don’t connect them wrongly because it could
damage them.
 Saving of files which can prevent loss of data.
 Not eating, drinking near these components let alone the computer system itself.

I also experienced the knowledge of the history and evolution of these computer system
components which began years ago. I am now vast in the knowledge of how to operate,
maintain, troubleshoot these computer parts.

3
Table of Contents
RULES OF A COMPUTER ENGINEERING LABORATORY..............................................................2
EXPERIENCE GAINED................................................................................................................3
Experiment 1: THE POWER SUPPLY..........................................................................................6
Power supply...........................................................................................................................................6
Where is the power supply located in a computer?................................................................................6
Parts found on the back of a power supply.............................................................................................6
Parts found inside a power supply...........................................................................................................7
What items are powered by the computer PSU?....................................................................................7
Does the fan always run on a power supply?..........................................................................................8
Power Supply Cables and Connectors.....................................................................................................8
Experiment 2: THE HARD DRIVE DISK.......................................................................................9
Hard drive................................................................................................................................................9
Why does a computer need a hard drive?...............................................................................................9
Can a computer work without a hard drive?...........................................................................................9
Hard drives in modern computers.........................................................................................................10
Hard drive components.........................................................................................................................10
Where is the hard drive found in a computer?......................................................................................11
What are the sizes of hard drives?........................................................................................................11
Experiment 3: THE RAM.........................................................................................................12
RAM (Random Access Memory)............................................................................................................12
What is RAM?....................................................................................................................................12
Function of RAM................................................................................................................................12
Types of RAM.....................................................................................................................................12
Experiment 4: THE MOTHERBOARD.......................................................................................14
What is Motherboard............................................................................................................................14
Motherboard Form Factors...................................................................................................................14
Experiment 5: THE VIDEO CARD.............................................................................................17
Video card.............................................................................................................................................17
A visual overview of a computer video card..........................................................................................17
Video card ports....................................................................................................................................18
Video card expansion slots (connections).............................................................................................18

4
Experiment 6: THE MONITOR.................................................................................................19
What is a Computer Monitor?...............................................................................................................19
Function of monitor...............................................................................................................................19
8 Different types of computer monitors and their functions.................................................................19
Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) Monitors.....................................................................................................20
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Monitors................................................................................................20
Thin Film Transistor (TFT) Monitors...................................................................................................21
Light Emitting Diodes (LED) Monitors................................................................................................21
Digital Light Processing (DLP) Monitors.............................................................................................22
Touchscreens Monitors.....................................................................................................................22
Plasma Screen Monitors....................................................................................................................22
Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLED) Monitors................................................................................23
REFERENCES..........................................................................................................................24
CONCLUSION.........................................................................................................................25
Main Parts of a Desktop PC Computer..................................................................................................25

5
Experiment 1: THE POWER SUPPLY

Power supply

Abbreviated as PS or P/S, a power supply or PSU (power supply unit) is a hardware component
of a computer that supplies all other components with power. The power supply converts a
110-115 or 220-230 volt AC (alternating current) into a steady low-voltage DC (direct current)
usable by the computer and rated by the number of watts it generates. The image shows
an Antec True 330, a 330 Watt power supply.

Where is the power supply located in a computer?


The power supply is located at the back of the computer, usually at the top. However, many
more recent tower computer cases house the power supply at the bottom back of the case. In a
desktop computer case (all-in-one), the power supply is located at the back left or back right.

Parts found on the back of a power supply


Below is a list of parts you may find on the back of the power supply.

 A connection for the power cord to the computer.


 A fan opening to heat out of the power supply.
 A red switch to change the power supply voltage.

6
 A rocker switch to turn the power supply on and off.

On the front of the power supply, which is not visible unless the computer is opened, you find
several cables. These cables connect to the computer motherboard and other internal
components. A power supply connects to the motherboard using an ATX style connector and
may have one or more of the following cables to connect power to other devices.

 Auxiliary connector
 Berg connector
 Molex connector
 P4 connector

Parts found inside a power supply


Below is a list of parts inside a power supply.

 A rectifier that converts AC (alternating current) into DC.


 A filter that smooths out the DC (direct current) coming from a rectifier.
 A transformer that controls the incoming voltage by stepping it up or down.
 A voltage regulator that controls the DC output, allowing the correct amount of
power, volts or watts, to be supplied to the computer hardware.

The order that these internal power supply components function is as follows.
1. Transformer
2. Rectifier
3. Filter
4. Voltage Regulator
What items are powered by the computer PSU?
Everything contained in the computer chassis is powered by the power supply. For example, the
motherboard, RAM, CPU, hard drive, disc drives, and most video cards (if the computer has
one) are all drawing power from the power supply. Any other external devices and peripherals,

7
such as the computer monitor and printer, have a power source or draw power over the data
cable like some USB devices.

Does the fan always run on a power supply?


While the computer is on, the fan(s) inside a power supply should always be running. If the fan
is not running (spinning), either the computer is not working or the fan has failed and the
power supply should be replaced.

Power Supply Cables and Connectors


There are a lot of different Power Supply connectors out there. Luckily they are designed in
such a way that you cannot go wrong when installing them. The cable simply won’t fit in the
connector slot when you try to connect the wrong header.

 P1 (PC Main / ATX connector)


 P4 (EPS Connector)
 PCI-E Connector (6-pin en 6+2 pin)
 Molex (4 Pin Peripheral Connector)
 SATA Connector
 Mini-Molex / Floppy connector
 Adapter: Molex to SATA Power cable
 Adapter: Molex to PCI-E 6-pins
 Adapter: ATX adapter

8
9
Experiment 2: THE HARD DRIVE DISK
Hard drive

A hard disk drive (sometimes abbreviated as a hard drive, HD, or HDD) is a non-
volatile data storage device. It is usually installed internally in a computer, attached directly to
the disk controller of the computer's motherboard. It contains one or more platters, housed
inside of an air-sealed casing. Data is written to the platters using a magnetic head, which
moves rapidly over them as they spin.

Internal hard disks reside in a drive bay, connected to the motherboard using an ATA, SCSI,
or SATA cable. They are powered by a connection to the computer's PSU (power supply unit).

Examples of data stored on a computer's hard drive include the operating system,
installed software, and the user's personal files.

Why does a computer need a hard drive?


A computer requires an operating system to allow users to interact with and use it. The
operating system interprets keyboard and mouse movements and allows for the use of
software, like an Internet browser, word processor, and video games. To install a computer
operating system, a hard drive (or another storage device) is required. The storage device
provides the storage medium where the operating system is installed and stored.

A hard drive is also required for the installation of any programs or other files you want to keep
on your computer. When downloading files to your computer, they are permanently stored on
your hard drive or another storage medium until they are moved or uninstalled.

Can a computer work without a hard drive?


Without a hard drive, a computer can turn on and POST. Depending on how the BIOS is
configured, other bootable devices in the boot sequence are also checked for the necessary

10
boot files. For example, if the USB device is listed in your BIOS boot sequence, you can boot
from a bootable USB flash drive in a computer without a hard drive.

Examples of bootable flash drives include a Microsoft Windows installation disk, GParted
Live, Ubuntu Live, or UBCD. Some computers also support booting over a network with
a PXE (preboot execution environment).

Hard drives in modern computers


Modern computers often use an SSD (solid-state drive) as the primary storage device, instead of
an HDD. HDDs are slower than SSDs when reading and writing data, but offer greater storage
capacity for the price.

Although an HDD may still be used as a computer's primary storage, it's common for it to be
installed as a secondary disk drive. For example, the primary SSD may contain the operating
system and installed software, and a secondary HDD may be used to store documents,
downloads, and audio or video files.

SSDs (solid-state drives) have started to replace HDDs (hard disk drives) because of the distinct
performance advantages they have over HDD, including faster access times and lower latency.
While SSDs are becoming popular, HDDs continue to be used in many desktop computers
largely due to the value per dollar that HDDs offer over SSDs. However, more and more laptops
are beginning to utilize SSD over HDD, helping to improve the reliability and stability of laptops.

Hard drive components

11
As shown in the picture above, the desktop hard drive consists of the following components:
the head actuator, read/write actuator arm, read/write head, spindle, and platter. On the back
of a hard drive is a circuit board called the disk controller or interface board. This circuit is what
allows the hard drive to communicate with the computer.

Where is the hard drive found in a computer?


All primary computer hard drives are found inside a computer case and are attached to the
computer motherboard using an ATA, SCSI, or SATA cable. Hard drives are powered by a
connection to the PSU (power supply unit).

What are the sizes of hard drives?


The hard drive is often capable of storing more data than any other drive, but its size can vary
depending on the type of drive and its age. Older hard drives had a storage size of several
hundred MB (megabytes) to several GB (gigabytes). Newer hard drives have a storage size of
several hundred gigabytes to several TB (terabytes). Each year, new and improved technology
allows for increasing hard drive storage sizes.

The process of initializing these logical blocks on the physical disk platters is called low-level
formatting, which is usually performed at the factory and is not normally changed in the
field. High-level formatting writes data structures used by the operating system to organize
data files on the disk. This includes writing partition and file system structures into selected
logical blocks. For example, some of the disk space will be used to hold a directory of disk file
names and a list of logical blocks associated with a particular file.

12
Experiment 3: THE RAM
RAM (Random Access Memory)
What is RAM?
RAM (Random Access Memory) is the hardware in a computing device where the operating
system (OS), application programs and data in current use are kept so they can be quickly
reached by the device's processor. RAM is the main memory in a computer. It is much faster to
read from and write to than other kinds of storage, such as a hard disk drive (HDD), solid-state
drive (SSD) or optical drive.

Random Access Memory is volatile. That means data is retained in RAM as long as the
computer is on, but it is lost when the computer is turned off. When the computer is rebooted,
the OS and other files are reloaded into RAM, usually from an HDD or SSD.

Function of RAM
Because of its volatility, RAM can't store permanent data. RAM can be compared to a person's
short-term memory, and a hard disk drive to a person's long-term memory. Short-term memory
is focused on immediate work, but it can only keep a limited number of facts in view at any one
time. When a person's short-term memory fills up, it can be refreshed with facts stored in the
brain's long-term memory.

A computer also works this way. If RAM fills up, the computer's processor must repeatedly go
to the hard disk to overlay the old data in RAM with new data. This process slows the
computer's operation.

A computer's hard disk can become completely full of data and unable to take any more, but
RAM won't run out of memory. However, the combination of RAM and storage memory can be
completely used up.

13
Types of RAM
RAM comes in two primary forms:

 Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) makes up the typical computing device's RAM,
and as was previously noted, it needs that power to be on to retain stored data.

Each DRAM cell has a charge or lack of charge held in an electrical capacitor. This data must be
constantly refreshed with an electronic charge every few milliseconds to compensate for leaks
from the capacitator. A transistor serves as a gate, determining whether a capacitor's value can
be read or written.

 Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) also needs constant power to hold on to data, but
it doesn't need to be continually refreshed the way DRAM does.

In SRAM, instead of a capacitor holding the charge, the transistor acts as a switch, with one
position serving as 1 and the other position as 0. Static RAM requires several transistors to
retain one bit of data compared to dynamic RAM which needs only one transistor per bit. As a
result, SRAM chips are much larger and more expensive than an equivalent amount of DRAM.

However, SRAM is significantly faster and uses less power than DRAM. The price and speed
differences mean static RAM is mainly used in small amounts as cache memory inside a
computer's processor.

14
Experiment 4: THE MOTHERBOARD
What is Motherboard
Motherboard Definition – Here, we will define motherboard with simple term that is used in
computer. Motherboard is also known as different names (meaning) such as “Main Board” or
“Logical Board” “MB”, “Mboard”, “Mobo”, “Mobd”, “Backplane board”, “Base Board”, “Main
Circuit Board”, “Planar Board”, “System Board”. On the computer motherboard, design very
thin layers of may be copper or aluminum, and it also called the “traces”. Various electronic
circuits are printed on the motherboard; with using those circuits can be done communication
through buses in between all components of computers.
Motherboard is backbone of computer as well as also called the “HUB”. My
motherboard allows attaching all essential parts of computer such as CPU (central
processing unit), memory (internal & external), sockets, ports and connectors for connecting
the all input and output peripheral.

Motherboard Form Factors


In Motherboard form factor, measure various factors such as logical design, size, its
components, and power supply connectors placement in the motherboard.
Types of Motherboard according to Motherboard form factors
 AT Motherboard
 Baby AT Motherboard
 XT Motherboard
 Fully ATX Motherboard
 Micro-ATX Motherboard
 Flex-ATX
 LPX Motherboard
 BTX Motherboard
 Pico BTX Motherboard
 Mini ITX Motherboard
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 E-ATX Motherboard

AT Motherboard:
AT stands for “Advance Technology”. AT Motherboard was tradition motherboard that was
introduced by IBM Company in 80s. Those types of motherboards were size (dimensions (13.8 x
12 inch)) and shape approximate double to other using motherboards. Due to their big size,
they were not able to use in small size desktop computers because in which was used 386
processors, and had big challenging task if to be install, service and upgrade in
the computer due to their complicated layout.
Examples are P-III Processors
Features are:
 SD RAM slots
 PGA sockets
 20 pin connectors
 PCI and ISA expansion slots
 Serial mouse connector
 Keyboard connector

Baby AT Motherboard:
Baby AT Motherboards was developed by IBM in 1987 while decreasing the dimension to
last AT motherboard
Baby AT motherboard has to combine both features of AT and XT motherboard. Baby AT
motherboard required small space compare to AT motherboard. Due to small size, their
installation and service were performed very easy.
Baby AT motherboard was getting more demands in growing computer hardware
industry. Baby AT Motherboard had only one keyboard connector which was known as DIN, but
if users want to connect more devices to motherboard then in which had expansion slot, and
with using that could be connected more needed card while getting their extra benefits and
functionalities.
Examples are Pentium-III and Pentium-IV
Features are:
 SD and DDR RAM slots
 PGA processor sockets
 12 and 20 pin connectors
 PCI and ISA expansion slots
 DIN port (big keyboard)
 Serial mouse port

16
XT Motherboard:
XT full name is “Extended Technology“. XT motherboard was developed by IBM in 1983. In XT
motherboard, use traditional Logic Board.
Features are:
 12 pins connectors
 RAM expansion slots ISA (Industry Standard Architecture)
 DIMM slots
 Processor along with LIF(Low Insertion force)
Instead of them, if you want to use other port then you have to go market for buying Add-ON
card, and insert it on the XT motherboard. Now you are able to avail extra functionalities of XT
motherboard.
Fully ATX Motherboard:
ATX stands for “Advanced technology extended“. Due to some problems in AT motherboard,
Intel Corporation was decided for developing the fully ATX motherboard along with extra
functionalities to AT motherboard. Fully ATX motherboard occupies low space compares to AT
motherboard as well as has options to interchange of their connected parts.
Examples are – Pentium-IV, Dual Core, Core 2 Duo, Core 2 Quad, Quad Core, i3, i5 and i7
Processors
Feature included:
 DIMM slots
 MPGA CPU socket
 12 and 20 pin connectors
 SATA and IDE connectors
 PCI, ISA, and AGP expansion slots
 Micro ATX Motherboards

17
Experiment 5: THE VIDEO CARD
Video card
Alternatively known as a display adapter, graphics card, video adapter, video board, or video
controller, a video card is an expansion card that connects to a computer motherboard. It is
used to create a picture on a display; without a video card, you would not be able to see this
page. More plainly, it's a piece of hardware inside your computer that processes images and
video, some of the tasks normally handled by the CPU. Video cards are used by gamers in place
of integrated graphics due to their extra processing power and video ram.

A visual overview of a computer video card


Below are two visual examples of what a video card may look like inside of a computer. First is a
picture of an older model AGP video card with multiple types of connections and components
on it. Second is an example of a more modern PCI Express video card used with today's gaming
computers.

18
Video card ports
The pictures above also help illustrate the types of video ports used with video cards. For more
information about any of these ports, click the links below.

 DVI
 HDMI
 S-Video
 VGA

In the past, VGA or SVGA was the most popular connection used with
computer monitors. Today, most flat-panel displays utilize DVI or HDMI connectors.

Video card expansion slots (connections)


A video card expansion slot is where the card connects to the motherboard. In the picture
above, the video card is inserted into the AGP expansion slot on the computer motherboard.
Over the development of computers, there were several types of expansion slots used for video
cards. Today, the most common expansion slot for video cards is PCIe, which replaced AGP,
which replaced PCI, which replaced ISA.

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Experiment 6: THE MONITOR
What is a Computer Monitor?
A computer monitor is an output device that displays the data and information in pictorial form
on the screen.
It is also known as a Visual Display Unit (VDU).
The monitor is just like a TV but the resolution of a monitor is much higher than a Television.

The monitors are available in the market in various sizes.

Whatever, the input is being given to the computer by us is displayed in the form of text, image,
video or graphic on the computer screen.

The output displayed on computer screen is known as soft copy.

Function of monitor
The main function of the monitor is to allow users to interact with the computer in the form of
text, graphics, display images, and video.

The user uses input devices like a mouse; keyboard etc to give input to the computer and take
the desired output post-processing raw data and information.
To make you understand the things better and clear we will now discuss below the different
types of monitors and their functions.

8 Different types of computer monitors and their functions


There are different types of monitors available in the market; they may vary in shapes, sizes,
function and colors.

Here is a list of 8 types of computer monitors for you: -

20
 Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) Monitors
 Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Monitors
 Thin Film Transistor (TFT) Monitors
 Light Emitting Diodes (LED) Monitors
 Digital Light Processing (DLP) Monitors
 Touchscreens Monitors
 Plasma Screen Monitors
 Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLED) Monitors
So let’s explore each of the above mentioned monitors one by one and understand the
difference between them.

Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) Monitors


These monitors functions on CRT technology and was used in early computer monitors.

It is basically a vacuum tube having one or more electron guns.

The gun fires electron beams towards the phosphor-coated screen and generates light when
electrons hit the screen.

These monitors were heavy and bulky and occupy a lot of space on the desk. It also consumes a
lot of electricity.

Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Monitors


The LCD monitors are also known as flat panel display. However, flat panel display is further
divided into two categories i.e. volatile and static.

A volatile display shows image only when it has power supply.

They require refreshing electronically their pixels periodically so that they can retain their state.

On the other hand, the static display retains image or text on their screen even the power
supply is switched off.

LCD monitors consume very little electricity as compared to CRT monitors. Also, it occupies less
space and is lighter in weight.
These monitors are relatively expensive than CRTs.

21
It displays clearer image and the amount of radiation is comparatively less than the CRT
monitors.

LCD monitor uses a thin layer of liquid crystal to create an image.

Thin Film Transistor (TFT) Monitors


A TFT monitor uses a thin film transistor technology that improves image quality and contrast.
It is an “active matrix” display.

In active matrix method each pixel is connected to a transistor that actively maintains the pixel
state at the same time as other pixels are being addressed.

Light Emitting Diodes (LED) Monitors


LED monitors uses “light emitting diodes” that are extremely small lights while LCDs uses “cold
cathode fluorescent lamps” that are formerly known as CCFLs for backlighting.

There are two types of LED backlighting: -

 Full array backlighting


 Edge lighting
Full-array backlighting
In this setup, the diodes are placed evenly across the entire screen. It uses the concept of the
local dimming feature.

In local dimming feature image can have both higher contrast pixels and very dark pixels
contrast simultaneously.

Consequently, we have images of higher picture quality.

Edge Backlighting
In this setup, the diodes are placed at the edge of the screen. For example, diodes may be
placed along all four sides, or on the bottom of the screen.

The LEDs supported by edge backlighting are not able to produce pictures of high quality since
they don’t have local dimming features like full-array LEDs.
LEDs are considered much environment friendly than CRTs and LCDs.

22
Also, they consume comparatively less electricity than both of them. The only demerit of
owning a LED is that it is slightly costly.

Features of LEDs
 Local dimming feature
 Environment friendly since it produces less heat
 It consumes less electricity
 Produces high quality and resolution images
Digital Light Processing (DLP) Monitors
DLP monitors use digital micro mirror devices or DMD. In this method, millions of micro mirrors
are used to produce a video display like digital projectors.

This technology was developed by Larry Hornbeck of Texas Instruments in 1987.

Touchscreens Monitors
Touchscreens or touch screen monitors consists of both a “touch panel” for input and a
“display” for output.
A touch panel is normally placed over the display.

It enables a user to give input to the computer by using his finger or stylus on the computer
screen.

Touchscreens are widely used in game consoles, POS (point of sale), Airports, EVMs (electronic
voting machines), ATMs (Automated Teller Machine), and personal computers.

Plasma Screen Monitors


Plasma screen monitors use small cells that contain plasma or ionized gas that responds to the
electric fields and illuminates each pixel on the screen.

A plasma screen is a flat and thin display panel. You can easily mount it on the wall.

There are certain advantages of plasma screens like they provide a better contrast ratio and
deeper blacks.

They have better color and a wide side-to-side viewer angle. A plasma screen performs better in
dim-lit rooms or dark.

23
The main disadvantage of a plasma screen is that it produces more heat and uses more energy
as compared to LCDs.

Also, they don’t perform that much well in higher altitude areas.

Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLED) Monitors


Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (OLED) Monitors is a light-emitting diode that consists of a layer
of organic compound situated between two electrodes cathode and electrode which emits light
in response to the electric current.

Out of these two electrodes at least one is transparent. It works without backlight as it emits
visible light.

OLED is widely used in computer monitors, PDAs (Personal Digital Assistant), smartphones, and
smartwatches.

24
REFERENCES
 https://www.pcinside.info/inside/inside-power-supplies/power-supply-cables-
connectors/
 https://www.classmate4u.com/types-of-computer-monitors/
 https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/v/video-card.htm
 https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/r/ram.htm
 https://searchstorage.techtarget.com/definition/RAM-random-access-memory
 https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/h/harddriv.htm
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_disk_drive
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_supply_unit_(computer)#Other_form_factors
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_supply_unit_(computer)
 https://forum.digikey.com/t/common-computer-power-supply-connectors/328/5
 https://digitalthinkerhelp.com/computer-motherboard-types-function-components/
 https://www.elprocus.com/classification-power-supply-different-types/
 https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/p/power-supply.htm
 https://electricalacademia.com/electronics/power-supply-definition-functions-
components/
 https://engineering.tamu.edu/cse/cse-internal/lab-rules.html
 https://inside.sou.edu/it/it-labrules.html

25
CONCLUSION
Main Parts of a Desktop PC Computer
From that hobby I learned so much about computer parts, and it was so exciting to plan, design,
find the best parts (that should be compatible between them) and finally assemble a custom-
built computer machine.
As you will see below, Desktop computers are made up of a lot of different parts that work
together to perform for you.

 Motherboard
 CPU
 RAM
 GPU (Video Card)
 Storage (Mechanical Hard Disk or SSD)
 Power Supply
 Computer Monitor
 Keyboard
 Mouse
 Optical Drive (DVD/CD ROM)
 Network Interface Card or Wi-Fi Card

One of the functions of a desktop is that It houses the physical hardware that makes a
computer run and connects to input devices such as the monitor, keyboard and mouse users
interact with. Desktop computers are commonly used in the enterprise, as well as in consumer
use cases such as gaming.

The hardware is the physical element needed to run a computer

26

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