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Centreofgravity 161103174228

This document discusses equilibrium and center of mass. It defines moment or torque as the turning effect of a force. The moment of a force depends on the force's magnitude and its distance from the pivot point, with larger forces and distances resulting in greater moments. An object is in equilibrium when the sum of clockwise moments equals the sum of counter-clockwise moments. For equilibrium, the forces must also balance in both magnitude and direction. The center of mass is where the entire weight of an object can be considered to act. It affects an object's stability, with stability increasing when the center of mass is lower.

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14 views32 pages

Centreofgravity 161103174228

This document discusses equilibrium and center of mass. It defines moment or torque as the turning effect of a force. The moment of a force depends on the force's magnitude and its distance from the pivot point, with larger forces and distances resulting in greater moments. An object is in equilibrium when the sum of clockwise moments equals the sum of counter-clockwise moments. For equilibrium, the forces must also balance in both magnitude and direction. The center of mass is where the entire weight of an object can be considered to act. It affects an object's stability, with stability increasing when the center of mass is lower.

Uploaded by

rodel.verzosa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 32

EQUILIBRIUM AND CENTRE OF MASS

 The turning effect of a force is called its


moment or torque

Turning Effect of Forces 2


 The moment of a force is bigger if the force is
bigger.
 The moment of a force is bigger if it acts
further from the pivot.
 The moment of force is greatest if it acts at
90ᵒ to the object it acts on

Turning Effect of Forces 3


Moment of a Force Force × Perpendicular distance from the line
= of action of the force to the pivot

= F×d
Turning Effect of Forces 4
 Moment can be clockwise or anticlockwise.

 When an object is in equilibrium, the sum of


clockwise moments about any point is equal to the
sum of anticlockwise moments about the same point.

Turning Effect of Forces 5


 If an object is in equilibrium, the forces on it
must balance as well as their turning effect.
 So:
◦ The sum of the forces in one direction must equal
to the sum of the forces in the opposite direction.
◦ The principle of moments must apply.

Turning Effect of Forces 6


10. The diagram shows a boy of weight 500 N
sitting on a see-saw. He sits 2.0 m from the
pivot.

1. What is the force F needed to balance the


see-saw?
A
A 250 N B 750 N C 1000 N D 3000 N
Turning Effect of Forces 7
GCSE Physics
By the end of the lesson we will be able to…

 Understand the term Centre of Mass/Gravity


(CoG)
 Recognise the factors that affect an object’s
CoG
 Investigate how to find the CoG of an
irregular object.
 This is the point at which the whole weight of
the body can be taken as acting through
or
 the point from which the object will balance
 The geometrical centre of some common
shapes-

 This is also where the centre of gravity and


the object’s weight, W, can be considered to
act
 The centre of gravity (and geometrical centre)
is found by drawing a line from the corner to
the opposite line’s midpoint
 For some objects the CoG is not located on
the actual object -

Stool

Ring 2 uniform
perpendicular
planks
 Linked to Principle of Moments

Anti- Clockwise Moment = Clockwise Moment

The Humble
metre rule

 When the object is suspended from a point it


will come to rest when the clockwise moment is
equal to the anti clockwise moment
 When an object is suspended, so that it can
swing freely, it will come to rest with its CoG
vertically below the point of suspension

See Page 52 and 53 for extra notes in the book


 Find the CoG of an irregular shaped lamina

Pin held by
clamp
a b c

a b
c c
b a

hole
plumb line
1. A piece of card has its centre of mass at M.
2. Which diagram shows how it hangs when
suspended by a thread?

Turning Effect of Forces 19


3. A piece of uniform card is suspended freely
from a horizontal pin.
4. At which of the points shown is its centre of
gravity?

Turning Effect of Forces 20


4. A tractor is being used on rough ground.
5. What is the safest position for its centre of
mass?

D
Turning Effect of Forces 21
5. An empty glass is placed on a join between
two tables as shown. The glass remains
stable.
6. Which point is the centre of mass of the
glass?

Turning Effect of Forces 22


6. A light aircraft stands at rest on the ground.
It stands on three wheels, one at the front
and two further back.
7. Which point could be its centre of mass?

Turning Effect of Forces 23


8. A student uses a stand and clamp to hold a
flask of liquid.
9. Which diagram shows the most stable
arrangement?

Turning Effect of Forces 24


9. Some containers are made from thin glass.
10. Which empty container is the most stable?

Turning Effect of Forces 25


10. The diagrams show the cross-sections of
different glasses.
11. Which one is the least stable when filled with
a liquid?

Turning Effect of Forces 26


11. The diagram shows four models of buses placed
on different ramps.

How many of these models will fall over?


A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

Turning Effect of Forces 27


12. The diagram shows four objects standing on
a flat surface.
13. The centre of mass of each object is marked
M.
14. Which object will fall over?

Turning Effect of Forces 28


14. The stability of a bus is tested by tilting it on
a ramp. The diagram shows a bus that is just
about to topple over.
15. Where is the centre of mass of the bus?

Turning Effect of Forces 29


15. Passengers are not allowed to stand on the
upper deck of double-decker buses.

Turning Effect of Forces 30


1. Why is this?
A. They would cause the bus to become unstable.
B. They would cause the bus to slow down.
C. They would increase the kinetic energy of the bus.
D. They would lower the centre of mass of the bus.

Turning Effect of Forces 31


ENERGY,
WORK
AND
POWER

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