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One Way Anova

This document provides a step-by-step explanation and example of how to conduct a one-way ANOVA statistical test. It details the six steps of calculating group and overall means, sums of squares for regression, error and total, filling in an ANOVA table, and interpreting the results by comparing the F test statistic to the critical value.

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70 views23 pages

One Way Anova

This document provides a step-by-step explanation and example of how to conduct a one-way ANOVA statistical test. It details the six steps of calculating group and overall means, sums of squares for regression, error and total, filling in an ANOVA table, and interpreting the results by comparing the F test statistic to the critical value.

Uploaded by

crossline093
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ONE-WAY

ANOVA
Group 2
Erika Jade P. Belgira
Shannon A. Beltran
Group Myke Aerod De Guzman

Members Nina Grace Ambulo


Kirsten Carmelli Layosa
What is ANOVA ?
ANOVA, which stands for Analysis of
Variance, is a Statistical test used to
analyze the difference between the means
of more than two groups.

A one-way ANOVA uses one


independent variable, while a two-way
ANOVA uses two independent variables.
When to use a one-
way ANOVA?
Use a one-way ANOVA when you collected
data about one categorical independent
variable and one quantitative dependent
variable. The independent variable should
have at least three levels. (i.e at least three
different groups or categories)
Problem:
The students in each group are randomly assigned to
use one of the three exam prep programs for the
next three weeks to prepare for an exam. At the end
of the three weeks, all of the students take the same
exam. The exam scores for each group are shown
below:
Group 1 Group 2 Group 3
85 91 79

86 92 78

88 93 88

75 85 94

78 87 92

94 84 85

98 82 83

79 88 85

71 95 82

80 96 81
Step 1
Calculate the group means and the overall
mean.
Group 1 Group 2 Group 3
Group Means: 83.4 89.3 84.7
Overall Mean: 85.8
Step 2
Calculate SSR.
Next, we will calculate the regression sum
of squares (SSR) using the following
formula:

nΣ(Xj – X..)²
Step 2
Where:
* n: the sample size of group j
* Σ: a greek symbol that means “sum”
* Xj: the mean of group j
* X..: the overall mean
Step 2
In our example, we calculate that SSR
= 10(83.4-85.8)2 + 10(89.3-85.8)2 +
10(84.7-85.8)2 = 192.2
Step 3
Calculate SSE.
Next, we will calculate the error sum of
squares (SSE) using the following formula:

Σ(Xij – Xj)²
Step 3
Where:

* Σ: a greek symbol that means “sum”


* Xij: the ith observation in group j
* Xj: the mean of group j
Step 3
In our example, we calculate SSE as follows:

Group 1: (85-83.4)2 + (86-83.4)2 +


(88-83.4)2 + (75-83.4)2 + (78-83.4)2 +
(94-83.4)2 + (98-83.4)2 + (79-83.4)2 +
(71-83.4)2 + (80-83.4)2 = 640.4
Step 3
In our example, we calculate SSE as follows:

Group 2: (91-89.3)2 + (92-89.3)2 +


(93-89.3)2 + (85-89.3)2 + (87-89.3)2 +
(84-89.3)2 + (82-89.3)2 + (88-89.3)2 +
(95-89.3)2 + (96-89.3)2 = 208.1
Step 3
In our example, we calculate SSE as follows:
Group 3: (79-84.7)2 + (78-84.7)2 + (88-84.7)2
+ (94-84.7)2 + (92-84.7)2 + (85-84.7)2 + (83-
84.7)2 + (85-84.7)2 + (82-84.7)2 + (81-84.7)2
= 252.1

SSE: 640.4 + 208.1 + 252.1 = 1100.6


Step 4
Calculate SST.
Next, we will calculate the total sum of
squares (SST) using the following
formula:
SST = SSR + SSE
In our example, SST = 192.2 + 1100.6 =
1292.8
Step 5
Fill in the ANOVA table.

Now that we have SSR, SSE, and SST,


we can fill in the ANOVA table:
Step 5
Step 5
Here is how we calculated the various numbers
in the table:
* df treatment: k-1 = 3-1 = 2
* df error: n-k = 30-3 = 27
* df total: n-1 = 30-1 = 29
* MS treatment: SST / df treatment = 192.2 / 2 = 96.1
* MS error: SSE / df error = 1100.6 / 27 = 40.8
* F: MS treatment / MS error = 96.1 / 40.8 = 2.358

Note:
n = total observations, k = number of groups
Step 6
Interpret the results.

The F test statistic for this one-way ANOVA is


2.358. To determine if this is a statistically
significant result, we must compare this to the F
critical value found in the F distribution table
with the following values:
Step 6
* α (significance level) = 0.05
* DF1 (numerator degrees of freedom) = df
treatment = 2
* DF2 (denominator degrees of freedom) = df
error = 27

We find that the F critical value is 3.3541.


Step 6
Since the F test statistic in the ANOVA table is
less than the F critical value in the F
distribution table, we fail to reject the null
hypothesis. This means we don’t have sufficient
evidence to say that there is a statistically
significant difference between the mean exam
scores of the three groups.
T h an k
you !!

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