Multiple Choice

1. If we are interested in testing whether the proportion of items in population 1 is larger than the
proportion of items in population 2, the
a. null hypothesis should state p1 - p2 < 0.
b. null hypothesis should state p1 - p2 > 0.
c. alternative hypothesis should state p1 - p2 > 0.
d. alternative hypothesis should state p1 - p2 < 0.

2. To compute an interval estimate for the difference between the means of two populations, the t
distribution
a. is restricted to small sample situations.
b. is not restricted to small sample situations.
c. can be applied when the populations have equal means.
d. can be applied only when the populations have equal standard
deviations.

3. When developing an interval estimate for the difference between two population means with
sample sizes of n1 and n2,
a. n1 must be equal to n2.
b. n1 must be smaller than n2.
c. n1 must be larger than n2.
d. n1 and n2 can be of different sizes.

4. To construct an interval estimate for the difference between the means of two populations when
the standard deviations of the two populations are unknown and it can be assumed the two
populations have equal variances, we must use a t distribution with (let n1 be the size of sample 1
and n2 the size of sample 2)
a. (n1 + n2) degrees of freedom.
b. (n1 + n2 - 1) degrees of freedom.
c. (n1 + n2 - 2) degrees of freedom.
d. (n1 - n2 + 2) degrees of freedom.

5. When each data value in one sample is matched with a corresponding data value in another
sample, the samples are known as
a. corresponding
samples.
b. matched samples.
c. independent samples.
d. pooled samples.
6. Two independent simple random samples are taken to test the difference between the means of
two populations whose variances are not known, but are assumed to be equal. The sample sizes
are n1 = 32 and n2 = 40. The correct distribution to use is the
a. t distribution with 73 degrees of freedom.
b. t distribution with 72 degrees of freedom.
c. t distribution with 71 degrees of freedom.
d. t distribution with 70 degrees of freedom.

7. Two independent simple random samples are taken to test the difference between the means of
two populations whose standard deviations are not known, but are assumed to be equal. The
sample sizes are n1 = 25 and n2 = 35. The correct distribution to use is the
a. t distribution with 61 degrees of freedom.
b. t distribution with 60 degrees of freedom.
c. t distribution with 59 degrees of freedom.
d. t distribution with 58 degrees of freedom.

8. If two independent large samples are taken from two populations, the sampling distribution of
the difference between the two sample means
a. can be approximated by any distribution.
b. will have a variance of one.
c. can be approximated by a normal distribution.
d. will have a mean of one.

9. The standard error of 𝑥1 - 𝑥2 is the

a. pooled estimator of 𝑥1 - 𝑥2 .
b. variance of the sampling distribution of 𝑥1 - 𝑥2 .
c. standard deviation of the sampling distribution of 𝑥1 - 𝑥2
d. margin of error of 𝑥1 - 𝑥2 .​

10. The sampling distribution of 𝑝1 - 𝑝2 is approximated by a

a. normal distribution.
b. t distribution with n1 + n2 degrees of freedom.
c. t distribution with n1 + n2 - 1 degrees of freedom.
d. 𝑝1 - 𝑝2 distribution.

11. Salary information regarding male and female employees of a large company is shown below.
Male Female
Sample Size 64 36
Sample Mean Salary (in $1000) 44 41
2
Population Variance (σ ) 128 72
​
The point estimate of the difference between the means of the two populations is
a. -28
.
 b. 3.
c. 4.
d. -4.

12. Salary information regarding male and female employees of a large company is shown below.
Male Female
Sample Size 64 36
Sample Mean Salary (in $1000) 44 41
2
Population Variance (σ ) 128 72
​
The standard error of the difference between the two sample means is
a. 4.
b. 7.46.
c. 4.24.
d. 2.0.

13. Salary information regarding male and female employees of a large company is shown below.
Male Female
Sample Size 64 36
Sample Mean Salary (in $1000) 44 41
2
Population Variance (σ ) 128 72
​
At 95% confidence, the margin of error is
a. 1.960.
b. 1.645.
c. 3.920.
d. 2.000.

14. Salary information regarding male and female employees of a large company is shown below.
Male Female
Sample Size 64 36
Sample Mean Salary (in $1000) 44 41
2
Population Variance (σ ) 128 72
​
The 95% confidence interval for the difference between the means of the two populations is
a. 0 to 6.92.
b. -2 to 2.
c. -1.96 to 1.96.
d. -.92 to 6.92.

15. Salary information regarding male and female employees of a large company is shown below.
Male Female
Sample Size 64 36
Sample Mean Salary (in $1000) 44 41
2
Population Variance (σ ) 128 72
​
If you are interested in testing whether or not the population average salary of males is
significantly greater than that of females, the test statistic is
a. 2.0.
b. 1.5.
c. 1.96.
d. 1.645
.

16. Salary information regarding male and female employees of a large company is shown below.
Male Female
Sample Size 64 36
Sample Mean Salary (in $1000) 44 41
2
Population Variance (σ ) 128 72
​
If you are interested in testing whether or not the population average salary of males is
significantly greater than that of females, the p-value is
a. .0668.
b. .0334.
c. .1336.
d. .9332.

17. Salary information regarding male and female employees of a large company is shown below.
Male Female
Sample Size 64 36
Sample Mean Salary (in $1000) 44 41
2
Population Variance (σ ) 128 72
​
If you are interested in testing whether or not the population average salary of males is
significantly greater than that of females, at α = .05, the conclusion is that the population
a. average salary of males is significantly greater than females.
b. average salary of males is significantly lower than females.
c. salaries of males and females are equal.
d. average salary of males is greater than females cannot be proved.

18. The following information was obtained from matched samples taken from two populations.
The daily production rates for a sample of workers before and after a training program are shown
below. Assume the population of differences is normally distributed.
Worker Before After
1 20 22
2 25 23
3 27 27
4 23 20
5 22 25
6 20 19
7 17 18
​
The point estimate for the difference between the means of the two populations is
a. -1.
 b. -2.
c. 0.
d. 1.

19. The following information was obtained from matched samples taken from two populations.
The daily production rates for a sample of workers before and after a training program are shown
below. Assume the population of differences is normally distributed.
Worker Before After
1 20 22
2 25 23
3 27 27
4 23 20
5 22 25
6 20 19
7 17 18
​
The null hypothesis to be tested is H0: µ𝑑 = 0. The test statistic is
a. -1.96.
b. 1.77.
c. 0.
d. 1.00.

20. The following information was obtained from matched samples taken from two populations.
The daily production rates for a sample of workers before and after a training program are shown
below. Assume the population of differences is normally distributed.
Worker Before After
1 20 22
2 25 23
3 27 27
4 23 20
5 22 25
6 20 19
7 17 18
​
Given that the null hypothesis to be tested is H0: µ𝑑 = 0,
a. the null hypothesis should be rejected.
b. the null hypothesis should not be rejected.
c. the alternative hypothesis should be revised.
d. the null hypothesis should be revised.

21. A statistics teacher wants to see if there is any difference in the abilities of students enrolled in
statistics today and those enrolled five years ago. A sample of final examination scores from
students enrolled today and from students enrolled five years ago was taken. You are given the
following information.
Today Five Years Ago
82 88
σ2 112.5 54
n 45 36
​
The point estimate for the difference between the means of the two populations is
a. 58.5.
b. 9.
c. -9.
d. -6.

22. A statistics teacher wants to see if there is any difference in the abilities of students enrolled in
statistics today and those enrolled five years ago. A sample of final examination scores from
students enrolled today and from students enrolled five years ago was taken. You are given the
following information.
Today Five Years Ago
82 88
σ2 112.5 54
n 45 36
​
The standard error of 𝑥1 -𝑥2 is
a. 12.9.
b. 9.3.
c. 4.
d. 2.

23. A statistics teacher wants to see if there is any difference in the abilities of students enrolled in
statistics today and those enrolled five years ago. A sample of final examination scores from
students enrolled today and from students enrolled five years ago was taken. You are given the
following information.
Today Five Years Ago
82 88
σ2 112.5 54
n 45 36
​
The 95% confidence interval for the difference between the two population means is
a. -9.92 to -2.08.
b. -3.08 to 3.92.
c. -13.84 to -1.16.
d. -24.77 to 12.23.

24. A statistics teacher wants to see if there is any difference in the abilities of students enrolled in
statistics today and those enrolled five years ago. A sample of final examination scores from
students enrolled today and from students enrolled five years ago was taken. You are given the
following information.
Today Five Years Ago
82 88
σ2 112.5 54
n 45 36
​
The test statistic for the difference between the two population means is
a. -.47.
b. -.65.
c. -1.5.
d. -3.0.

25. A statistics teacher wants to see if there is any difference in the abilities of students enrolled in
statistics today and those enrolled five years ago. A sample of final examination scores from
students enrolled today and from students enrolled five years ago was taken. You are given the
following information.
Today Five Years Ago
82 88
σ2 112.5 54
n 45 36
​
The p-value for the difference between the two population means is
a. .0013.
b. .0026.
c. .4987.
d. .9987.

26. A statistics teacher wants to see if there is any difference in the abilities of students enrolled in
statistics today and those enrolled five years ago. A sample of final examination scores from
students enrolled today and from students enrolled five years ago was taken. You are given the
following information.
Today Five Years Ago
82 88
σ2 112.5 54
n 45 36
​
What is the conclusion that can be reached about the difference in the average final examination
scores between the two classes? (Use a .05 level of significance.)
a. There is a statistically significant difference in the average final
examination scores between the two classes.
b. There is no statistically significant difference in the average final
examination scores between the two classes.
c. It is impossible to make a decision on the basis of the
information given.
d. The students who enrolled in statistics today are the same
students who enrolled five years ago.

27. The following information was obtained from independent random samples taken of two
populations.
Assume normally distributed populations with equal variances.
Sample 1 Sample 2
Sample Mean 45 42
Sample Variance 85 90
Sample Size 10 12
​
The point estimate for the difference between the means of the two populations is
a. 0.
b. 2.
c. 3.
d. 15.

28. The following information was obtained from independent random samples taken of two
populations.
Assume normally distributed populations with equal variances.
Sample 1 Sample 2
Sample Mean 45 42
Sample Variance 85 90
Sample Size 10 12
​
The standard error of 𝑥1 - 𝑥2 is
a. 3.0.
b. 4.
c. 8.372.
d. 19.48.

29. The following information was obtained from independent random samples taken of two
populations.
Assume normally distributed populations with equal variances.
Sample 1 Sample 2
Sample Mean 45 42
Sample Variance 85 90
Sample Size 10 12
​
The degrees of freedom for the t distribution are
a. 22.
b. 21.
c. 24.
d. 20.

30. The following information was obtained from independent random samples taken of two
populations.
Assume normally distributed populations with equal variances.
Sample 1 Sample 2
Sample Mean 45 42
Sample Variance 85 90
Sample Size 10 12
​
The 95% confidence interval for the difference between the two population means is (use rounded
standard error)
a. -5.344 to 11.344.
b. -5 to 3.
c. -4.86 to 10.86.
 d. -2.65 to 8.65.

31. The following information was obtained from matched samples taken from two
populations. Assume the population of differences is normally distributed.
Individual Method 1 Method 2
1 7 5
2 5 9
3 6 8
4 7 7
5 5 6
​
The point estimate for the difference between the means of the two populations (Method 1 -
Method 2) is
a. -1.
b. 0.
c. -4.
d. 2.

32. The following information was obtained from matched samples taken from two
populations. Assume the population of differences is normally distributed.
Individual Method 1 Method 2
1 7 5
2 5 9
3 6 8
4 7 7
5 5 6
​
The 95% confidence interval for the difference between the two population means is
a. -3.776 to 1.776.
b. -2.776 to 2.776.
c. -1.776 to 2.776.
d. -1.776 to 1.776.

33. The following information was obtained from matched samples taken from two
populations. Assume the population of differences is normally distributed.
Individual Method 1 Method 2
1 7 5
2 5 9
3 6 8
4 7 7
5 5 6
​
The null hypothesis tested is H0: µ𝑑 = 0. The test statistic for the difference between the two
population means is
a. 2.
b. 0.
c. -1.
d. -2.
34. The following information was obtained from matched samples taken from two
populations. Assume the population of differences is normally distributed.
Individual Method 1 Method 2
1 7 5
2 5 9
3 6 8
4 7 7
5 5 6
​
If the null hypothesis H0: µ𝑑 = 0 is tested at the 5% level,
a. the null hypothesis should be rejected.
b. the null hypothesis should not be rejected.
c. the alternative hypothesis should be revised.
d. the null hypothesis should be revised.

35. The management of a department store is interested in estimating the difference between the
mean credit purchases of customers using the store's credit card versus those customers using a
national major credit card. You are given the following information.
Store's Card Major Credit Card
Sample size 64 49
Sample mean $140 $125
Population standard deviation $10 $8
​
A point estimate for the difference between the mean purchases of all users of the two credit cards
is
a. 2.
b. 18.
c. 265.
d. 15.

36. The management of a department store is interested in estimating the difference between the
mean credit purchases of customers using the store's credit card versus those customers using a
national major credit card. You are given the following information.
Store's Card Major Credit Card
Sample size 64 49
Sample mean $140 $125
Population standard deviation $10 $8
​
At 95% confidence, the margin of error is
a. 1.694.
b. 3.32.
c. 1.96.
d. 15.

37. The management of a department store is interested in estimating the difference between the
mean credit purchases of customers using the store's credit card versus those customers using a
national major credit card. You are given the following information.
 Store's Card Major Credit Card
Sample size 64 49
Sample mean $140 $125
Population standard deviation $10 $8
​
A 95% confidence interval estimate for the difference between the average purchases of all
customers using the two different credit cards is
a. 13.31 to 16.69.
b. 11.68 to 18.32.
c. 12.22 to 17.78.
d. 13.04 to 16.96.

38. In order to estimate the difference between the average hourly wages of employees of two
branches of a department store, the following data have been gathered.
Downtown Store North Mall Store
Sample size 25 20
Sample mean $9 $8
Sample standard deviation $2 $1
​
A point estimate for the difference between the two population means is
a. 1.
b. 2.
c. 3.
d. 4.

39. In order to estimate the difference between the average hourly wages of employees of two
branches of a department store, the following data have been gathered.
Downtown Store North Mall Store
Sample size 25 20
Sample mean $9 $8
Sample standard deviation $2 $1
​
A 95% interval estimate for the difference between the two population means is
a. .071 to 1.929.
b. .226 to 1.774.
c. 1.09 to 4.078.
d. 1.078 to 2.922.

40. In order to determine whether or not there is a significant difference between the mean hourly
wages paid by two companies (of the same industry), the following data have been accumulated.
Company A Company B
Sample size 80 60
Sample mean $16.75 $16.25
Population standard deviation $1.00 $.95
​
A point estimate for the difference between the two population means is
a. 20.
b. .50.
 c. .25.
d. 1.00
.

41. In order to determine whether or not there is a significant difference between the mean hourly
wages paid by two companies (of the same industry), the following data have been accumulated.
Company A Company B
Sample size 80 60
Sample mean $16.75 $16.25
Population standard deviation $1.00 $.95
​
The test statistic is
a. .098.
b. 1.645.
c. 2.75.
d. 3.01.

42. In order to determine whether or not there is a significant difference between the mean hourly
wages paid by two companies (of the same industry), the following data have been accumulated.
Company A Company B
Sample size 80 60
Sample mean $16.75 $16.25
Population standard deviation $1.00 $.95
​
The p-value is
a. .0013.
b. .0026.
c. .0042.
d. .0084.

43. In order to determine whether or not there is a significant difference between the mean hourly
wages paid by two companies (of the same industry), the following data have been accumulated.
Company A Company B
Sample size 80 60
Sample mean $16.75 $16.25
Population standard deviation $1.00 $.95
​
At the 5% level of significance, the null hypothesis
a. should be rejected.
b. should not be rejected.
c. should be revised.
d. should not be tested.

44. Two major automobile manufacturers have produced compact cars with engines of the same
size. We are interested in determining whether or not there is a significant difference in the mean
MPG (miles per gallon) when testing for the fuel efficiency of these two brands of automobiles. A
random sample of eight cars from each manufacturer is selected, and eight drivers are selected to
drive each automobile for a specified distance. The following data (in miles per gallon) show the
results of the test. Assume the population of differences is normally distributed.
Driver Manufacturer A Manufacturer B
1 32 28
2 27 22
3 26 27
4 26 24
5 25 24
6 29 25
7 31 28
8 25 27
​
The mean of the differences is
a. .5.
b. 1.5.
c. 2.0.
d. 2.5.

45. Two major automobile manufacturers have produced compact cars with engines of the same
size. We are interested in determining whether or not there is a significant difference in the mean
MPG (miles per gallon) when testing for the fuel efficiency of these two brands of automobiles. A
random sample of eight cars from each manufacturer is selected, and eight drivers are selected to
drive each automobile for a specified distance. The following data (in miles per gallon) show the
results of the test. Assume the population of differences is normally distributed.
Driver Manufacturer A Manufacturer B
1 32 28
2 27 22
3 26 27
4 26 24
5 25 24
6 29 25
7 31 28
8 25 27
​
The test statistic is
a. 1.616.
b. 1.906.
c. 2.096.
d. 2.256.

46. Two major automobile manufacturers have produced compact cars with engines of the same
size. We are interested in determining whether or not there is a significant difference in the mean
MPG (miles per gallon) when testing for the fuel efficiency of these two brands of automobiles. A
random sample of eight cars from each manufacturer is selected, and eight drivers are selected to
drive each automobile for a specified distance. The following data (in miles per gallon) show the
results of the test. Assume the population of differences is normally distributed.
Driver Manufacturer A Manufacturer B
1 32 28
2 27 22
3 26 27
4 26 24
5 25 24
6 29 25
7 31 28
8 25 27
​
At α = .10, the null hypothesis
a. should not be rejected.
b. should be rejected.
c. should be revised.
d. should not be tested.

47. The results of a recent poll on the preference of shoppers regarding two products are shown
below.
Shoppers Favoring
Product Shoppers Surveyed
This Product
A 800 560
B 900 612
​
The point estimate for the difference between the two population proportions in favor of this
product is
a. .07.
b. .68.
c. .44.
d. .02.

48. The results of a recent poll on the preference of shoppers regarding two products are shown
below.
Shoppers Favoring
Product Shoppers Surveyed
This Product
A 800 560
B 900 612
​
The standard error of 𝑥1 - 𝑥2 is
a. .025.
b. .044.
c. .0225.
d. .68.

49. The results of a recent poll on the preference of shoppers regarding two products are shown
below.
Shoppers Favoring
Product Shoppers Surveyed
This Product
A 800 560
B 900 612
​
At 95% confidence, the margin of error is
a. .064.
b. .044.
c. .0225.
 d. .025.

50. The results of a recent poll on the preference of shoppers regarding two products are shown
below.
Shoppers Favoring
Product Shoppers Surveyed
This Product
A 800 560
B 900 612
​
The 95% confidence interval estimate for the difference between the populations favoring the
products is
a. -.024 to
.064.
b. .6 to .7.
c. -.024 to .7.
d. .046 to .066.

51. An insurance company selected samples of clients under 18 years of age and over 18 and
recorded the number of accidents they had in the previous year. The results are shown below.
Under Age of 18 Over Age of 18
n1 = 500 n2 = 600
Number of accidents = 180 Number of accidents = 150
​
We are interested in determining if the accident proportions differ between the two age groups.
Let pu represent the proportion under and po the proportion over the age of 18. The null
hypothesis is
a. pu - po ≤ 0.
b. pu - po ≥ 0.
c. pu - po ≠ 0.
d. pu - po = 0.

52. An insurance company selected samples of clients under 18 years of age and over 18 and
recorded the number of accidents they had in the previous year. The results are shown below.
Under Age of 18 Over Age of 18
n1 = 500 n2 = 600
Number of accidents = 180 Number of accidents = 150
​
We are interested in determining if the accident proportions differ between the two age groups.
The pooled estimator of the population proportion is
a. .305.
b. .300.
c. .027.
d. .450.
53. An insurance company selected samples of clients under 18 years of age and over 18 and
recorded the number of accidents they had in the previous year. The results are shown below.
Under Age of 18 Over Age of 18
n1 = 500 n2 = 600
Number of accidents = 180 Number of accidents = 150
​
We are interested in determining if the accident proportions differ between the two age groups.
The p-value is
a. less than .001.
b. more than .10.
c. .0228.
d. .3.

54. The results of a recent poll on the preference of teenagers regarding the types of music they
listen to are shown below.
Teenagers Favoring
Music Type Teenagers Surveyed
This Type
Pop 800 384
Rap 900 450
​
The point estimate of the difference between the two population proportions is
a. -.02.
b. .048.
c. .52.
d. -.5.

55. The results of a recent poll on the preference of teenagers regarding the types of music they
listen to are shown below.
Teenagers Favoring
Music Type Teenagers Surveyed
This Type
Pop 800 384
Rap 900 450
​
The 95% confidence interval for the difference between the two population proportions is
a. .5 to .52.
b. .48 to .5.
c. .028 to .068.
d. -.068 to .028.

56. In testing the null hypothesis H0: μ1 - μ2 = 0, the computed test statistic is z = -1.66. The
corresponding p-value is​
a. ​.0485.
b. ​.0970.
c. ​.9515.
d. ​.9030.
57. Of the two production methods, a company wants to identify the method with the smaller
population mean completion time. One sample of workers is selected and each worker first uses
one method and then uses the other method. The sampling procedure being used to collect
completion time data is based on​
a. ​worker samples.
b. ​pooled samples.
c. ​independent samples.
d. ​matched samples.

58. Regarding inferences about the difference between two population means, the sampling
design that uses a pooled sample variance in cases of equal population standard deviations is
based on
a. ​research samples.
b. ​pooled samples.
c. ​independent samples.
d. conditional samples.

59. In hypothesis tests about p1 - p2, the pooled estimator of p is a​(n)

a.
​simple average of and ​ .
b.
​weighted average of and .
c.
​geometric average of and .
d.
​exponential average of and .

60. ​The sampling distribution of 𝑝1 - 𝑝2 is approximated by a normal distribution if _____ are all
greater than or equal to 5.
a. ​n1p2, p2(1 - n2), n2p1, p1(1 - n1)
b. ​n1p1, p1(1 - n1), n2p2, p2(1 - n2)
c. n​ 1p2, n1(1 - p2), n2p1, n2(1 - p1)
d. ​n1p1, n1(1 - p1), n2p2, n2(1 - p2)

61. Generally, the ________ sample procedure for inferences about two population means
provides better precision than the _______ sample approach.​
a. ​single, independent
b. ​independent, pooled​
c. ​matched,
independent
d. ​matched, pooled

Subjective Short Answer

62. In order to estimate the difference between the average yearly incomes of marketing managers
in the East and West of the United States, the following information was gathered.
East West
n1 = 40 n2 = 45
𝑥1 = 72 (in $1000) 𝑥2 = 78 (in $1000)
s1 = 6 (in $1000) s2 = 8 (in $1000)

63. In order to estimate the difference between the average daily sales of two branches of a
department store, the following data has been gathered.
Downtown Store North Mall Store
Sample size n1 = 23 days n2 = 26 days
Sample mean (in $1000) 𝑥1 = 37 𝑥2 = 34
Sample standard deviation (in $1000) s1 = 4 s2 = 5
​
a. Determine the point estimate of the difference between the population means.
b. Determine the degrees of freedom for an interval estimation.
c. Compute the margin of error.
d. Develop a 95% confidence interval for the difference between the two population means.

64. A potential investor conducted a 144-day survey in each of the North Mall and South Mall
theaters in order to determine the difference between the average daily attendance at these two
theaters. The North Mall theater averaged 630 patrons per day; while the South Mall theater
averaged 598 patrons per day. From past information, it is known that the variance for North Mall
is 1000; while the variance for the South Mall is 1304. Develop a 95% confidence interval for the
difference between the average daily attendance at the two theaters.

65. A comparative study of organic and conventionally grown produce was checked for the
presence of E. coli. Results are summarized below. Is there a significant difference in the
proportion of E. coli in organic vs. conventionally grown produce? Test at α = .10.
Sample Size E. coli Prevalence
Organic 200 3
Conventional 500 20

66. In order to estimate the difference between the average miles per gallon of two different
models of automobiles, samples are taken and the following information is collected.
Model A Model B
Sample Size 60 55
Sample Mean 28 25
Sample Variance 16 9
​
At 95% confidence, develop an interval estimate for the difference between the average
a.
miles per gallon for the two models.
Is there conclusive evidence to indicate that one model gets a higher miles per gallon than the
b.
other? Why or why not? Explain.

67. The following information is given concerning the ACT scores of high school seniors from
two local schools.
School A School B
n1 = 14 n2 = 15
𝑥1 = 25 𝑥2 = 23
σ21= 16 σ22 = 10
​
Develop a 95% confidence interval estimate for the difference between the two population
means. Assume the two populations are normally distributed.

68. Independent random samples taken on two university campuses revealed the following
information concerning the average amount of money spent on textbooks during the fall semester.
The population standard deviations are also shown below.
University A University B
Sample Size 50 40
Average Purchase $260 $250
Standard Deviation (σ) $20 $23
​
We want to determine if, on the average, students at University A spent more on textbooks than
the students at University B.
a. Compute the test statistic.
b. Compute the p-value.
c. What is your conclusion? Let α = .05.

69. Maxforce, Inc., manufactures racquetball racquets by two different manufacturing processes
(A and B). Because the management of this company is interested in estimating the difference
between the average time it takes each process to produce a racquet, they selected independent
samples from each process. The results of the samples and the population variances are shown
below.
Process A Process B
Sample Size 32 35
Sample Mean (in minutes) 43 47
2
Population Variance (σ ) 64 70
​
Develop a 95% confidence interval estimate for the difference between the average time
a.
taken by the two processes.
Is there conclusive evidence to prove that one process takes longer than the other? If yes,
b.
which process? Explain.

70. The management of Regional Hospital has made substantial improvements in their hospital
and would like to test and determine whether there has been a significant decrease in the average
length of stay of their patients in their hospital. The following data has been accumulated before
and after the improvements. At the 5% level, test to determine if there has been a significant
reduction in the average length of stay.
After Before
Sample size 45 58
Mean (in days) 4.6 4.9
Standard Deviation (σ) .5 .6
​
a. Formulate the hypotheses.
b. Compute the test statistic.
Using the p-value approach, test to see if there has been a significant reduction in the average
c.
length of stay. Let α = .05.

71. In order to determine whether or not a driver's education course improves the scores on a
driving exam, a sample of 6 drivers were given the exam before and after taking the course. The
results are shown below. Assume the population of differences is normally distributed.
Let d = Score After - Score Before.
Score Score
Driver Before the Course After the Course
1 83 87
2 89 88
3 93 91
4 77 77
5 86 93
6 79 83
​
a. Compute the test statistic.
Using α = .05 and the p-value approach, test to see if taking the course actually increased
b.
scores on the driving exam.

72. Of 200 UTC seniors surveyed, 60 were planning on attending Graduate School. At UTK, 400
seniors were surveyed and 100 indicated that they were planning to attend Graduate School.
Determine a 95% confidence interval estimate for the difference between the proportion of
a.
seniors at the two universities who were planning to attend Graduate School.
Is there conclusive evidence to prove that the proportion of students from UTC who plan to
b.
go to Graduate School is significantly more than those from UTK? Explain.

73. Of 300 female registered voters surveyed, 120 indicated they were planning to vote for the
incumbent president; while of 400 male registered voters, 140 indicated they were planning to
vote for the incumbent president.
a. Compute the test statistic.
At α = .05, test to see if there is a significant difference between the population proportions
b. of females and males who plan to vote for the incumbent president. (Use the p-value
approach.)

74. Of 150 Chattanooga residents surveyed, 60 indicated that they participated in a recycling
program. In Knoxville, 120 residents were surveyed and 36 claimed to recycle.
Determine a 95% confidence interval estimate for the difference between the proportion of
a.
residents recycling in the two cities.
From your answer in Part a, is there sufficient evidence to conclude that there is a significant
b.
difference in the population proportion of residents participating in the recycling program?

75. Consider the following results for two samples randomly taken from two normal populations.
Sample I Sample II
Sample Size 28 35
Sample Mean 48 44

Population I Population II
Standard Deviation 9 10
​
a. Develop a 95% confidence interval for the difference between the two population means.
b. Is there conclusive evidence that one population has a larger mean? Explain.

76. The business manager of a local health clinic is interested in estimating the difference
between the fees for extended office visits in her center and the fees of a newly opened group
practice. She gathered the following information regarding the two offices.
 Health Clinic Group Practice
Sample size 50 visits 45 visits
Sample mean $21 $19
Standard deviation (σ) $2.75 $3.00
​
Develop a 95% confidence interval estimate for the difference between the average fees of the
two offices.

77. A random sample of 89 tourists in Chattanooga showed that they spent an average of $2860
(in a week) with a standard deviation of $126; and a sample of 64 tourists in Orlando showed that
they spent an average of $2935 (in a week) with a standard deviation of $138. We are interested
in determining if there is any significant difference between the average expenditures of all the
tourists who visited the two cities.
a. Determine the degrees of freedom for this test.
b. Compute the test statistic.
c. Compute the p-value.
d. What is your conclusion? Let α = .05.

78. Among a sample of 50 M.D.'s (medical doctors) in the city of Memphis, Tennessee, 10
indicated they make house calls; while among a sample of 100 M.D.'s in Atlanta, Georgia, 18 said
they make house calls. Determine a 95% interval estimate for the difference between the
proportion of doctors who make house calls in the two cities.

79. Consider the following results for two samples randomly taken from two populations.
Sample A Sample B
Sample Size 31 35
Sample Mean 106 102
Sample Standard Deviation 8 7
​
a. Determine the degrees of freedom for the t distribution.
b. Develop a 95% confidence interval for the difference between the two population means.

80. Consider the following results for two samples randomly taken from two populations.
Sample A Sample B
Sample Size 25 38
Sample Mean 66 60
Sample Standard Deviation 5 7
​
a. What are the degrees of freedom for the t distribution?
b. At 95% confidence, compute the margin of error.
c. Develop a 95% confidence interval for the difference between the two population means.

81. Consider the following results for two samples randomly taken from two populations.
Sample A Sample B
Sample Size 20 25
Sample Mean 28 22
Sample Standard Deviation 5 6
​
a. Determine the degrees of freedom for the t distribution.
b. At 95% confidence, what is the margin of error?
c. Develop a 95% confidence interval for the difference between the two population means.
82. During the primary elections of 1996, candidate A showed the following pre-election voter
support in Tennessee and Mississippi.
Voters who Favored
Voters Surveyed
Candidate A
Tennessee 500 295
Mississippi 700 357
​
Develop a 95% confidence interval estimate for the difference between the proportion of
a.
voters who favored candidate A in the two states.
Is there conclusive evidence that one of the two states had a larger proportion of voters'
b.
support? If yes, which state? Explain.

83. Consider the following results for two samples randomly taken from two populations.
Sample A Sample B
Sample Size 28 30
Sample Mean 24 22
Sample Standard Deviation 8 6
​
a. Determine the degrees of freedom for the t distribution.
b. Develop a 95% confidence interval for the difference between the two population means.
c. Is there conclusive evidence that one population has a larger mean? Explain.

84. The results of a recent poll on the preference of voters regarding the presidential candidates
are shown below.
Voters Favoring
Voters Surveyed This Candidate
Candidate A 200 150
Candidate B 300 195
​
Develop a 90% confidence interval estimate for the difference between the population
a.
proportion of voters favoring each candidate.
Does your confidence interval provide conclusive evidence that one of the candidates is
b.
favored more? Explain.

85. Consider the following hypothesis test:

μ1 - μ2 ≤ 0
μ1 - μ2 > 0
​
The following results are for two independent samples taken from two populations.
​
Sample 1 Sample 2
Sample Size 35 34
Sample Mean 43 37
Sample Variance 140 170
​
a. Determine the degrees of freedom for the t distribution.
b. Compute the test statistic.
c. Determine the p-value and test the above hypotheses. Let α = .05
86. The following are the results about the test scores of two samples of students from University
A and University B on a national statistics examination. The population standard deviations are
also shown below. Develop a 95% confidence interval estimate for the difference between the
mean scores of the two populations.
University A University B
Scores Scores
n 64 87
𝑥 86 83
σ 6 8

87. In order to estimate the difference between the average mortgages in the southern and the
northern states of the United States, the following information was gathered.
South North
Sample Size 40 45
Sample Mean (in $1000) $170 $175
Sample Standard Deviation (in $1000) $5 $7
​
a. Compute the degrees of freedom for the t distribution.
Develop an interval estimate for the difference between the average of all mortgages in the
b.
South and North. Let α = .05.

88. Using the following data regarding the ages (in years) of full-time and part-time students,
develop an interval estimate for the difference between the mean ages of the two populations. Use
95% confidence. The degrees of freedom for the t distribution is 106.
​
Full-Time Part-Time
𝑥 27 24
s 1.5 2
n 50 60

89. Independent random samples of managers' yearly salaries (in $1000) taken from
governmental and private organizations provided the following information. At a .05 level of
significance, test to determine if there is a significant difference between the average salaries of
the managers in the two sectors.
Government Private
𝑥 80 75
s 9 10
n 28 31

90. Independent random samples taken at two local malls provided the following information
regarding purchases by patrons of the two malls.
Hamilton Place Eastgate
Sample Size 85 93
Average Purchase $143 $150
Standard Deviation (s) $22 $18
​
We want to determine whether or not there is a significant difference between the average
purchases by the patrons of the two malls.
a. Give the hypotheses for the above.
b. Compute the test statistic.
c. At a .05 level of significance, test the hypotheses.
91. Recently, a local newspaper reported that part-time students are older than full-time students.
In order to test the validity of its statement, two independent samples of students were selected.
Full-Time Part-Time
𝑥 (in years) 26 24
s 2 3
n 42 31
​
a. Give the hypotheses for the above.
b. Determine the degrees of freedom.
c. Compute the test statistic.
Using α = .05, test to determine whether or not the average age of part-time students is
d.
significantly more than full-time students.

92. The daily production rates (in units per hour) for a sample of factory workers before and after a training
program are shown below. Let d = After - Before.
​
Worker Before After
1 6 9
2 10 12
3 9 10
4 8 11
5 7 9
​
We want to determine if the training program was effective. Assume the population of differences is normally
distributed.
a. Give the hypotheses for this problem.
b. Compute the test statistic.
Using α = .05, test the hypotheses. That is, did the training program actually increase the production
c.
rates?

93. In a sample of 40 Democrats, 6 opposed the President's foreign policy; while of 50

Republicans, 8 were opposed to his policy. Determine a 90% confidence interval estimate for the
difference between the proportions of the opinions of the individuals in the two parties.

94. In a sample of 100 Republicans, 60 favored the President's anti-drug program. While in a
sample of 150 Democrats, 84 favored his program. At α = .05, test to see if there is a significant
difference in the proportions of the Democrats and the Republicans who favored the President's
anti-drug program.

95. In a random sample of 200 Republicans, 160 opposed the new tax laws; while in a sample of
120 Democrats, 84 opposed. Determine a 95% confidence interval estimate for the difference
between the proportions of Republicans and Democrats who opposed this new law.

96. Two independent random samples of annual starting salaries for individuals with masters and
bachelors degrees in business were taken and the results are shown below.
Masters Bachelors
Degree Degree
Sample Size 33 30
Sample Mean (in $1000) 58 54
Sample Standard Deviation (in $1000) 2.4 2
​
a. What are the degrees of freedom for the t distribution?
Provide a 95% confidence interval estimate for the difference between the population mean
b.
salaries of the two groups.

97. During the recent primary elections, the democratic presidential candidate showed the
following pre-election voter support in Alabama and Mississippi.
Voters Favoring the
State Voters Surveyed Democratic Candidate
Alabama 800 440
Mississippi 600 360
​
We want to determine whether or not the proportions of voters favoring the Democratic
a.
candidate were the same in both states. Provide the hypotheses.
b. Compute the test statistic.
c. Determine the p-value; and at a .05 level of significance, test the above hypotheses.

98. A test on world history was given to a group of individuals whose scores are recorded. A film
on the world history was then presented and the test was conducted again whose scores are also
recorded. The results are given below. We want to determine if the film significantly increased
the test scores. Assume the population of differences is normally distributed. (For the following
matched samples, let the difference d = After - Before.)
Individual After Before
1 92 86
2 86 88
3 89 84
4 90 90
5 93 85
6 88 90
7 97 91
​
a. Give the hypotheses for this problem.
b. Compute the test statistic.
c. At the .05 level of significance, test the hypotheses.

99. In order to improve the grades of students at UTC, several incentive programs have been
introduced. Results of random samples of grades from after and before the incentive programs are
given below. Assume the two populations are normally distributed.
After Incentives Before incentives
Sample Size 14 12
Sample Mean 2.85 2.61
Sample Standard Deviation .40 .35
Sample Mode 2.5 3.0
​
a. Give the hypotheses.
b. Compute the test statistic.
Using a .10 level of significance, test to determine whether the incentive programs have
c.
significantly increased the average grades.

100. Samples of employees of Companies A and B provided the following information regarding
the ages of employees.
Company A Company B
Sample Size 32 36
Average Age (in years) 42 47
Sample Variance 16 36
​
Develop a 97% confidence interval for the difference between the average ages of the employees
of the two companies.

101. Test scores on a standardized test from samples of students from two universities are given
below.
UA UB
Sample Size 28 41
Average Test Score 84 82
Sample Variance 64 100
​
Provide a 98% confidence interval estimate for the difference between the mean test scores of the
two universities.

102. The following table shows the monthly sales (in units) of six salespersons before and after a
bonus plan was introduced. Using α = .05, determine whether the bonus plan has increased sales
significantly. Assume the population of differences is normally distributed. (For the following
matched samples, let the difference d = After - Before.)
Monthly Sales
Salesperson After Before
1 94 90
2 82 84
3 90 84
4 76 70
5 79 80
6 85 80

103. The office of records at a university has stated that the proportion of incoming female
students who major in business has increased. A sample of female students taken several years
ago is compared with a sample of female students this year. Results are summarized below. Has
the proportion increased significantly? Test at α = .10.
​
No. of Females Majoring in
Sample Size
Business
Previous Sample 250 50
Present Sample 300 69

104. The following information is gathered from random samples of day and evening students
regarding the number of semester hours they take.
​
Day Evening
𝑥 16 12
s 4 2
n 140 160
​
Develop a 95% confidence interval estimate for the difference between the mean semester hours
taken by the two groups of students.
105. The following data present the number of computer units sold per day by a sample of 6
salespersons before and after a bonus plan was implemented.
Salesperson Before After
1 3 6
2 7 5
3 6 6
4 8 7
5 7 8
6 9 8
​
Using a .05 level of significance, test to see if the bonus plan was effective. That is, did the bonus
plan actually increase sales? ​Assume the population of differences is normally distributed. Let d
= After - Before.

106. Zip, Inc. manufactures Zip drives on two different manufacturing processes. Because the
management of this company is interested in determining if process 1 takes less manufacturing
time, they selected independent samples from each process. The results of the samples are shown
below.
Process 1 Process 2
Sample Size 27 22
Sample Mean (in minutes) 10 14
Sample Variance 16 25
​
a. State the null and alternative hypotheses.
b. Determine the degrees of freedom for the t test.
c. Compute the test statistic
Using α = .05, test to determine if there is sufficient evidence to indicate that process 1 takes
d.
a significantly shorter time to manufacture the Zip drives.

107. A credit company has gathered information regarding the average amount (in $) owed by
people under 30 years of age and by people over 30 years by taking independent random samples
from both age groups. You are given the following information.
Under 30 Over 30
𝑥 600 550
n 200 300
2
σ 361 400
​
Construct a 95% confidence interval for the difference between the population average amounts
owed by the two age groups.

108. In order to estimate the difference between the average age of male and female employees at
the Young Corporation, the following information was gathered. Develop a 95% confidence
interval estimate.
Male Female
Sample Size 32 36
Sample Mean (in years) 25 23
Sample Standard Deviation 4 6

109. A recent Time magazine reported the following information about a sample of workers in
Germany and the United States.
United States Germany
Average length of workweek (hours) 42 38
Sample Standard Deviation 5 6
Sample Size 600 700
​
We want to determine whether or not there is a significant difference between the average
workweek hours in the United States and the average workweek hours in Germany.
a. State the null and the alternative hypotheses.
b. Compute the test statistic.
c. Compute the p-value. What is your conclusion? Let α = .01.

110. Allied Corporation is trying to determine whether to purchase Machine A or B. It has leased
the two machines for a month. A random sample of 5 employees has been taken. These
employees have gone through a training session on both machines. Below you are given
information on their productivity rate on both machines. (Let the difference d = Machine A -
Machine B.)
Productivity Rate
Person Machine A Machine B
1 47 52
2 53 58
3 50 47
4 55 60
5 45 53
​
Assume the population of differences is normally distributed.
a. State the null and alternative hypotheses for a lower tail test.
b. Find the mean and standard deviation for the difference.
c. Compute the test statistic.
d. Test the null hypothesis, stated in Part a, at the 10% level.

111. The reliability of two types of machines used in the same manufacturing process is to be
tested. The first machine failed to operate correctly in 90 out of 300 trials while the second type
failed to operate correctly in 50 out of 250 trials.
Give a point estimate of the difference between the population proportions of these
a.
machines.
b. Calculate the pooled estimate of the population proportion.
Carry out a hypothesis test to check whether there is a statistically significant difference in
c.
the reliability for the two types of machines using a .10 level of significance.

112. A company attempts to evaluate the potential for a new bonus plan and decides to use the
bonus plan for a trial period. The weekly sales volume achieved by a sample of 4 salespersons
before and after implementing the bonus plan is shown below. (For the following matched
samples, let the difference d = After - Before.)
Weekly Sales (in units)
Salesperson Before After
1 48 44
2 48 40
3 38 36
4 44 50
​
Assume the population of differences is normally distributed.
a. State the hypotheses.
b. Compute the test statistic.
 Use α = .05 and test to see if the bonus plan will result in an increase in the mean weekly
c.
sales for the company.

113. The following information was obtained from matched samples regarding the productivity
(in units per hour) of four individuals using two different methods of production.
Individual Method 1 Method 2
1 6 8
2 9 5
3 7 6
4 7 5
5 8 6
6 9 5
7 6 3
​
Let d = Method 1 - Method 2. Is there a significant difference between the mean productivity of
the two methods? Let α = .05. Assume the population of differences is normally distributed.

114. The results of a recent poll on the preference of voters regarding presidential candidates are
shown below.
Voters Voters Favoring
Candidate Surveyed This Candidate
A 400 192
B 450 225
​
Using α = .05, test to determine whether or not there is a significant difference between the
preferences for the two candidates.

115. A potential investor conducted a 49-day survey in each of the North Mall and South Mall
theaters in order to determine the difference between the average daily attendance at these two
theaters. The North Mall theater averaged 720 patrons per day with a variance of 100; while the
South Mall theater averaged 700 patrons per day with a variance of 96. Develop an interval
estimate for the difference between the average daily attendance at the two theaters. Use a
confidence coefficient of .95.

116. From production line A, a sample of 500 items is selected at random, and it is determined
that 30 items are defective. In a sample of 300 items from production process B (which produces
identical items to line A), there are 12 defective items. Determine a 95% confidence interval
estimate for the difference between the proportion of defectives in the two lines.

117. Two independent samples are drawn from two populations, and the following information is
provided.
Sample 1 Sample 2
n 34 52
𝑥 55 65
s 14 18
​
We want to test the following hypotheses.

H0: μ1 - μ2 ≥ 0
Ha: μ1 - μ2 < 0
​
a. Determine the degrees of freedom.
b. Compute the test statistic.
 At the 5% level, test the hypotheses. Assume the two populations are normally distributed
c.
and have equal variances.

118. In order to estimate the difference between the average yearly salaries of top managers in
private and governmental organizations, the following information was gathered.
Private Governmental
Sample Size 50 60
Sample Mean (in $1000s) 90 80
Sample Standard Deviation
(in $1000s) 6 8
​
Develop an interval estimate for the difference between the average yearly salaries of top
managers of the two sectors. Use 95% confidence and give your answers in dollars.

119. Independent random samples taken at two companies provided the following information
regarding annual salaries of the employees. The population standard deviations are also given
below.
Company A Company B
Sample Size 72 50
Sample Mean (in $1000) 48 43
Population Standard Deviation (in $1000) 12 10
​
We want to determine whether or not there is a significant difference between the average
a.
salaries of the employees at the two companies. Compute the test statistic.
b. Compute the p-value; and at α = .05, test the hypotheses.

120. A poll was taken this year asking college students if they considered themselves overweight.
A similar poll was taken five years ago. Results are summarized below. Has the proportion
increased significantly? Let α = .05.
Number Considered
Sample Size
Themselves Overweight
Present Sample 300 150
Previous sample 275 121

121. Babies weighing less than 5.5 pounds at birth are considered “low-birth-weight babies.” In
the United States, 7.6% of newborns are low-birth-weight babies. The following information was
accumulated from samples of new births taken from two counties.
Hamilton Shelby
Sample size 150 200
Number of low-birth-weight babies 18 22
​
Develop a 95% confidence interval estimate for the difference between the proportions of
a.
low-birth-weight babies in the two counties.
Is there conclusive evidence that one of the proportions is significantly more than the other?
b.
If yes, which county? Explain, using the results of part (a). Do not perform any test.