KPSP

Kafi Polytechnic SchoolsPlus

DFG

DUGSIGA FARSAMADA
GACANTABUUHOODLE
Industrial Engineering School
Of Buhodle

Muxarram 1438 (Octoba 2016)

Waxaa Diyaariyey
Jaalle: cabdiraxman A. Ismaaciil (kaboshaagle)

MAADDADA CABBIRAADAHA AASAASIGA AH

MUDDADA 3 BILOOD

CudurDaar

Buuggan waxaa loogu talo keliya koorsada 12ka bilood ah saddexda bilood ee ugu horreeya ee uu bixinaya Dugsiga farsamada
gacanta Buhodle, wax kale ama si kale in loo adeegsadana uma diyaarsana.

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TUSMO

Cabbiraad Hordhac
Hab-dhisyada Cabbiraadaha
Habdhiska Ingiriiska
Habdhiska SI
Halbeegyada aasaaska ah ee SI
Halbeegyada La dhaliyo
Hordhegayaasha (prefix)
Cabbiraadda Dhererka
Akhrinta Mastaradda
Bedka
Mugga
Aminta
Xawaare
Kaynaan
Culays

TIRSIINADA & HALBEEGYADA

(Quantities & Unints)

Casharkan waxa aynu wax kaga baran doonaa siyaabaha wax loo beego, loo cabbiro ama loo
miisaamo. Qiyaasta ama cabbiraaddu waadariiqo lagu ogaado xaddiga Tirsiin, iyada oo la
adeegsanayo halbeeg (unit) la isla qaatay (agreed units).
Tirsiin: waa Walax kasta oo u baahan in la cabbiro ama la beego tusaale, biyaha, caanaha,
bariiska, Fogaanta, korontada.
Halbeeg: waa walax lagu beego ama lagu qiyaaso Tirsiinada, tusaale litir, waxaa lagu
beego biyaha, Caanaha waxa aynu ku beegnaa galaas, Bariiska waxa aynu ku
beegnaa koombo ama kiilogaraam, Fogaanta waxa aynu ku qiyaasnaa mitir.
haddaba litir, galaas, kilogaraam iyo mitir, dhammaantood waa halbeegyo.
Halbeegyada qaarkood waa heer bulsho sida Galaaska aan caanaha ku qiyaasanno,
qaarkoodna waa heer caalami sida mitir, kilogaraam iwm.

HABDHISKA HALBEEGYADA CAALAMIGA

(international System Of Units)

Habdhiskan waa mid caalami ah, waxa uu adeegsadaa halbeegyo la isla jaangooyey oo la isla qaatay waxaana loo yaqaan SI units
ama habshiska mitigga. Magacyada loo yaqaan waxaa ka mid aha ( SI units, metric system iyo MKS system (mitir, kiligram second).

Habdhiskani waxaa aasaas ama gundhig u ah toddobo halbeeg sida ku cad shaxanka 1aad ee hoose. 7daa halbeeg ee gundhigga aha
wxaa ka dhasha hlbeegyo kale oo tiro badan oo aan qaarkood xidhmadan (this course) ku barandoono.

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 Shaxan 1. SI Halbeegyada Asaasaka ah

SI base unit

Base quantity Name Symbol

Dherer (length) meter m
Cuf (mass) kilogram kg
Amin (time) second s
Maayad (electric current) ampere A
Heerkul (thermodynamic temperature) kelvin K
Qaddarka Walaxda (amount of substance) mole mol
Iftiin (luminous intensity). candela cd

SI HALBEEGYO LASoo DHALIYEY (derived units)

Halbeegyada waxaa lagasoo dhalaaliyey 7dii halbeeg ee SI aasaaska u ahaa, waana tusaaale sida ku cad shaxanka 2aad. .

Shaxan 2. Tusaale Halbeegyo lasoo Dhalaaliyey (SI derived units)

Derived quantity Magac (Name) Astaan (Symbol)

area square meter m2
volume cubic meter m3
speed, velocity meter per second m/s
acceleration meter per second squared m/s2
wave number reciprocal meter m-1
mass density kilogram per cubic meter kg/m3
specific volume cubic meter per kilogram m3/kg
current density ampere per square meter A/m2
magnetic field strength ampere per meter A/m
amount-of-substance concentration mole per cubic meter mol/m3
luminance candela per square meter cd/m2
kilogram per kilogram, which may be represented
mass fraction kg/kg = 1
by the number 1

Hordhegayaasha SI

Hab-dhiska SI waxa uu leeyahay horgalyaal ah 20horgale, kuwaasoo utaagan lambarro tiro idil ama jajab. U fiirso shaxan 3.

Shaxan 3. SI Hordhegayaal

Tiro(factor) Magac Summad Tiro(Factor) Magace Symbol

1024 yotta Y 10-1 deci d
1021 zetta Z 10-2 centi c

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 1018 exa E 10-3 milli m
1015 peta P 10-6 micro µ
1012 tera T 10-9 nano n
109 giga G 10-12 pico p
106 mega M 10-15 femto f
103 kilo k 10-18 atto a
102 hecto h 10-21 zepto z
101 deka da 10-24 yocto y

Habdhiska Ingiriiska(english System):

Waxaa jira habdhisyo kale oo adeegsada halbeegyo u gaar ah dawlado gaar ah sida ingiriiska, iyo maraykanka waana lagasii
baxayaa hase ahaatee waxbaynu ka taabanaynaa maadaama ay weli sii jiraan.

oo ah habdhis ay gaar u dhisteen ingirisska iyo maraykanku, aadna dunida ugu caan baxay, qalabada qaarkoodna laguba
isticmaalo cabbiridooda. hase ahaatee labada ugu caansan looguna istimaalka badan yahay ayeynu ku gaabsan.

Habdhiskan waxa uu adeegsadaa halbeegyada soo socda.

Fogaanta ama dhererrada wuxuu ku cabbiradaa

Mayl, yaardi, fuudh & Hiish (Mile, Yard, Foot & Inches).

Cufka ama Culayskana wuxuu ku cabbiraa;

Rodol iyo Wiiqiyad (pound lb & onze Oz).

Muggana wuxuu isticmaalaa

Galaan, Koombo, koob iyo Qaaddo.

DHERER (Length): CULAYS (Weight): MUG (Capacity):

1 foot (ft) = 12 inches (in) 1 pound (lb) = 16 ounces (oz) 1 tablespoon (tbsp) = 3 teasponns (tsp)
1 yard (yd) = 3 feet 1 ton = 2000 pounds 1 cup (c) = 16 tablespoons
1 mile (mi) = 5280 feet 1 cup = 8 fluid ounces (oz)
1 mile = 1760 yards 1 pint (pt) = 2 cups
1 quart (qt) = 2 pints
1 gallon (gal) = 4 quarts

Cabbiraadda Dhererka (Length)

Dherer waa fogaanta u dhexaysa laba barood oo cayiman. Sida xariiqda AB, Magaalo ilaa magaalo iwm

Dhererka waxaa lagu cabbiraa halbeeg loo yaqaan mitir (meter) oo loosoo gaabiyo m.

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Marka dhererradu fogaadaan waxaa la isticmaalaa kilomitir, hektomitir, Dekamitir, marka ay dhererradu 1 mitir ka yaraadaana
waxaa la isticmaalaa sentimitir, Decimitir iyo Millimitir.

Cabbiraadda Dhererka (Measure of Length)

10 millimeters (mm) = 1 centimeter (cm)
10 centimeters = 1 decimeter (dm) = 100 millimeters
100 centimeter = 1 meter (m) = 1,000 millimeters
1000 meters = 1 kilometer (km)

Haddaan sii fududayno

1km = 1000m( K waxay utaagan tahay 1000)

1m= 100cm (C senti waxay u taagan tahay 1/100)

1cm= 10mm (m milli waxay utaagan tahay 1/1000

Fadlan ka shaqee cabbirrada iyo iskubeddellada halbggyada ku qoran

(worksheets)

Akhrinta & Calaamadinta Mastaradda

Akhri oo qor cabbirka fallaartu ku aaddan tahay

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Km U rog m (kilomitir u rog mitir)

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Mitir u rog Kilomitir (m-Km)

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 BEDKA
Bedku waa masaaxadda wajahadi leedahay (Area of surface), bedka waxaa loosoo gaabiyaa xarafka (A), waxaana lagu
cabbiraa halbeeg la yiraahdo mitir labo jibbaaran (m2).
Mitir labo jibbaaran qiyaastii waa wajahad le’eg meel dhinackasta 1m u ah

1m
1m m
m

Bedka Shaxanno

Saddex xagal
(Triangle) Labojibbaarane (Square)
Area = ½ × b × h Area = a2
b = base a = Dhererka dhinac
h = Joog(height)

Laydi (Rectangle) Parallelogram

Area = w × h Area = b × h
w = width b = base
h = height h = Joog (vertical height)

Koor( Goobo (Circle)

Trapezium) Area = π × r2
Area = ½(a+b) × h Circumference = 2 × π × r
h = Joog (height) r = radius

Sector
Ukun (Ellipse) Area = ½ × r2 × θ
Area = πab r = radius
θ = angle in radians

Ogow: hwaxay xagal quman ku tahayb:

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Tusaale Raadi Bedka laydigan ?

Dariiqadu waa sidan;

Bed A = W x L, W= Ballac, L= herer

Waxaan ognahay in w=3, L= 5.

Markaa A= Lx W

= 15m2

Tusaale2. Waa immisa bedka Goobo ?

Goobadu waxa aya leedahay gacan r iyo dhexroor d, haddabada haddii gacanka goobadu yahay 3m, waxaan soo saari karnaa bedka
goobo.

Bed A= π x r2 , A = 3.14 x 32 = 3.14 x 9. = A = 28.27m2

Tusaale 3aad, Raadi bedka saddexagal

Joog h = 12m, Salka b = 20m, bedka A = ½ × b × h = ½ × 20 × 12 = 120m2

Tusaaleyaal bed kakan

Cali waxa uu jaraa caws, waxaana lagusiiyaa lacag dhan $0.10 halkii mitir laba jibbaaranba,
Dhulka hoos ka muuqda immisa lacag ah ayuu heleyaa marku cawska ka jaro ?

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Si aan u helno bedka guud waa inaan kala qayb qaybinno

Qaybta A waa labo jibbaarane:

A = a2 = 20m × 20m = 400m2
Qaybta B waa saddex xagal, marka dhinacyada laga eego waxa ay leedahay Sal b oo ah 20m, iyo joog h oo ah 14m. saddexagalkaas
bedkiisa A = ½b × h = ½ × 20m × 14m = 140 m2
Bedkii wuxuu noqonayaa bedka qaybta A oo lagu daray bedka qaybta B A= 400m2 + 140m2 =
Part B is a triangle. Viewed sideways it has a base of 20m and a height of 14m.
So the total area is:
Bedka Guud = bedka A + bedka B = 400m2 + 140m2 = 540m2

Cali wuxuu halkii mitir laba jibbaaran wuxuu qaataa $0.10., haddaba wuxuu helay
$0.10 × 540 m2 = $54

Tusaale kale: Jiijo waxa ay nadiifisaa daaradda dugsiga, hal mitiri labo jibbaaranna waxa ay ku heshaa lacag dhan $0.1. haddaba soo
saar lacagta ay leedahaday Jiijo marka dhammayso hawsha nadaafadda.
20m

3m
8m
5m

3m
LAYLI

1- Saddexagal ayaa salkiisu yahay 5m, jooggiisuna yahay 6m, soosaar bedkiisa ?

A) 8.5 B) 15 C) 17 D) 30

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2- Raadi bedka Labojibbaarane haddii dhinacu yahay 5m ?

A) 12.5 B) 20 C) 25 D) 52

3- Waa immisa bedka laydi dhererka L= 7m, Ballaciisa W= 3m ?

A) 10.5 B) 14 C) 20 D) 21

4- waa immisa bedka barallaha hoose haddii salkiisu yahay 8m, jooguna 5m ?

A)40 B) 30 C) 26 D) 20

5- Raadi bedka Koor ta hoos ku cad ?

A) 20 B) 22 C) 30 D) 44

6- Raadi bedka goobada gacankeedu yahay 14m ?

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U qaado π. In ay tahay 3.14, A) 88 B) 308 C) 196 D) 616

7- Raadi bedka shaxanka hoose

Uqaado xarafka π 3.14

A) 34.57 B) 77 C) 88 D) 176

8- Raadi bedka shaxanka hoose

A) 20 B) 16 C) 12.5 D) 10

9- raadi bedka segtarka hoose ?

A) π B) 2π C) 3π D) 540

10- raadi bedka saddexagalka ABC

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A) 8 B) 8.24 C) 10 D) 10.3

……………………………………………………………………………………

MUGGA (volume) V

Shaxanno

Cuboid Prism
Cube

Pyramid

Hemisphere
Cylinder

Sphere
Cone

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Halbeegga Mugga ee mitirigga ah:

Mug waa booska shay buuxin karo.Waxaa jira laba halbeeg oo inta badan la isticmaalo:

 Millimitir (Milliliter)
 Litir (Liter)

milliliterqiyaas aad u yar oo logu qiyaaso hoorka.

Qiyaasta 20 dhibcood oo biyo ah ayaa ah 1 millilitir. Sidoo kale qaadada yar ee shaahu waa 5 millimitir.
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Millimitirka waa lasoo gaabinkaraa "100 ml" waxaa loo qorikara "100 milliliters".

Liter

A litir, waxaa loosoo gaabiyaa L, 1literwaxa uu la mid yahay, 1000 milliliters (1 liter = 1,000 milliliters).

Cubic Mitir

Mitir saddex jibbaarar (m3)

Muggu waa saddex cabbir oo la isku dhuftay, mug dhan mitir saddex jibbaaran wuxuu ka samaysan yahay shay dhinac waliba u yahay
hal mitir (1m dherer, Ballac 1m, 1m Joog) halbeegga waxaa loo qoraa (m3) mitir saddex jibbaaran wuxuu la mid yayay 1000 litir ama 5
foosto.

1 m3 = 1,000 Liters

Megaliters (ML)

A Mega waxay u taagan tahay hal milyan Megaliter waa milyan litir (1,000,000 L). sida mraka la qiyaasayo biyaha ku kayd san
harooyinka iyo kaydadka shidaalka oo kale.

Sentimitir saddex jibbaaran cc (Cubic Centimeter)

Sentimitir saddex jibbaaran(cm3) waa weel dhnacwalba u ah 1sentimitir (1 cm)

1 m3 = 1,000 L = 1,000,000 cm3

Millimitir saddex jibbaaran mm3 (Cubic Millimeter)

Waa mugga weel dhinacwalba u ah 1 millimitir (mm3).

RAADINTA MUGGA

1- Mugga Afar Geesle

V = dherer x Ballac x Joog, V = 12 cm x 8 cm x 6 cm= 576 cm3

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Volume = Length x Width x Height, Volume = 10 m x 4 m x 5 m = 200 m3

2- Mugga Dhululubo

Si loo helo mugga dhululubo waa in la is ku dhufto bedka goobada iyo joogga ay kor u taagan tahay.

Mug V = Bedka salka x

joogga

V = πr2 x h

V = 3.14 x 3x3 x8

V = 226.08 cm3
(b)bb
Tusaale soo saar mugga dhululubada b taasoo gacankeedu yahay 3m, jooggeeduna yahay 8m.

3- Mugga Koon (Cone)

Raadi mugga koonka (b)

V = 1/3 πr2h

V = 1/3 x 3.14 x 2 x 2 x 7

V = 29.31 cm3
(b
)

4- Raadi Mugga ukun (Sphere Volume)

V = 4/3 πr3

V = 4/3 x 3.14 x 4 x 4
x4

V= 267.94m3
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Qiyaasta Aminta
Waa axay qiyaasta Amintu?
Amin waa cabbiridda dhacdooyinka lagasoo bilaabo horraantoodii ilaa eegada iyo ilaa
mustaqbalka. Sidoo kale in la ogaado muddada dhacdo socotey.
Aminta waxaa lagu qiyaasaa seken (s), marku kordhana daqiiqado, saacad, maalin,
toddobaad, Bil, sannad iyo Qarni dhammaan waa wax lagu cabbiro aminta.

Sidaan horay usoo barannay halbeegyada aasaaska ah ee SI waxaa ka mid ahaan

Dhere Meter m
Cuf Kilogram Kg
Heerkul kelvi k
Amin seken s

1Hr = 60 daqiiqo
1 daqiiqo = 60 s

Halkii saac waxaa ku jira 3600 seken.

Isku Beddel Daqiiqado & Saacado

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Xawaare (Velocity)
Waa maxay Xaweare (Speed or Velocity) ?

Xawaare isbeddelka socod, ama isbedelka booska. Waxaa lagu sharraxaa Fogaanta la
socday(d) oo loo qaybiyeye aminta(t) socodkaasi qaatay.

Xawaaraha waxaa lagu cabbiraa mitir/seken (m/s).

Xawaareyaal La kala duduwan (Common speeds of moving objects)

- Dadkawaxaa lagu qiyaasaa in ay jaraan;5km/Hr ama 3mph (mayl saaaddiiba)

- Buskuleetiga 20 km/h, 5.56 m/s)
- Baabuurta 120km/hay
- Diyaarad 747 565 mi/hr
Dariiqada

Fogaan(d) d
Xawaare V= V= m/sec
Amin (t) t

Fogaan d= Xaware(v) X Amin(t) d=Vxt km

Fogaan(d) d
Amin t= t= sec
Xaware(v) v

Kaynaan (Acceleration) a
Kaynaan heerka isbeddelka xawaaraha waxaa loosoo gaabiyaa xarafka(a), waxaana lagu
cabbiraa halbeegga mitir/second². Kaynaanku wuxuu leeyahay korodh(+) iyo Dhimis (-).
Tusaale haddii baabuur la socodsiiyo isla markaana saliid badan lasiiyo wuxuu beddelaa
xawaarihii hore markaa waxaan dhahnaa waxaa yimid kaynaan korodh ah, bal mara kale
ufiirso baabuurkii oo xawaare sare ku socda oo waduhu bireegga qabtay si ujoojiyo, waxaa
baabuurkii ku dhacay xawaare beddel, markan waxaa leenahay waxaa yimid kaynaan
dhimid ah.

Tijaabi fahamkaaga

1. Halbeegga kaynaanku waa:

a) m/sec
b) m/sec²
c) sec
d) (m/sec)²
2. marka kaynaan laga hadlo qodobkee baa sax ah?
a) waa heerka isbeddelka xawaaraha
b) waxaa loo baahan yahay xoog la isticmaalo si kaynaan udhacao
c) kaynaanku wuxuu noqonkaraa korod + ama Dhimid- .

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d) Dhammaan kuwa sare

3. The units for velocity are:

a) m/sec²
b) sec.
c) miles
d) m/sec

Suaalo

1- Haddii nin uu ka lugeeyo magaalo isagoo ku socdo xawaare joogto ah oo dhan 6km/h,
immisa saacadood ayuu ku tegi karaa magaalo ujirta 30km.

2- Baabuur ayaa foogan dhan 100 m ku jaray amin dhan 4 seken. Waa immisa xawaaraha
baabuurku ?

Culays (Weight)
Cuf waa qaddarka maatarka ah ee kujira walaxda, Culayskuna waa qiyaasta xogga dhulku
kusoo jiito walax. kaynaanka dhulku kusoojiito walax waa 9.8 m/s2.Halbeegga Culayska ee
SI waa Niyuuton (newton N). waxaase inta badan la isku khaldaa Cuf iyo Culays sababtoo
ah marka dhulka oogadiisa la joogo kala duwanaansho ma leh. Sidaa darteed ayaan
adeegsandoonaa garaam iwm.

Culayska waxaan ku cabbirra kg (kilogaram), halbeegga SI, sidoo kale waxaa la adeegsadaa
halbeegga ingiriiska sida rodol (Pould lb) iyo wiiqiyad (ounce OZ).

Halbeegyada SI waa sidan

Garaam g

Kilogaram Kg.

Milligraam Mg.

Rodolka ingiriisku qiyaastii wuxuu ku dhow yahay hal rodol 1lb = 0.45 kg.

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