820 7 Appendix C———_ Conversion Factors During this period of transition there is a constant need for conversions between BG. and ST units (see Table 1.2). Some additional conversions are given here. Conversion factors are given inside the front cover. Length T= 12in=03018m [mi = 5280 = 1600.344 m [nautica ile (ai) = 6076 f= 1852 m Iyd=311= 09148 m 1 angstzom (A) = LO E10 m, Volume TR = 0028317 mt TUS. gal = 231 in’ = 0.008784 m 0.035315 2.9574 B-S mt? 9.4635 E—4 mi! bart = 42.US. gal 15899 m?* Mase 14598 kg T slug = 32.174 Ibm bm = 0.4536 kg I short ton = 2000 tbe = 907.185 ke, anne = 1000 kg TUS. ounce = 0.02835 ke ‘Area 0.092903 m? I mi = 2.78784 £7 18 = 259 B6 mi! acre = 43,560 f= 40469 mi hectare (ha) = 10,000 i? Velocity ‘Acceleration Tvs = 0.3008 ws 5048 wise mill = 1.466666 us = 0.44708 ms kn = 1 nmifh = 1.6878 fs = 05144 mis kn = 1.1508 mite Mass flow ‘Volume ow Tslugis = 14.594 kis 1 galimin = 0.002228 17% = 0.06309 Lis Tbs = 0.4836 kes 1 galday = 1.5472 80¥s = 0.08381 mls €fs = 0.028317 mlsConversion Factors 821 Press iit = 47.88 Pa [btin? = 144 tho = 6895 Pa 1 atm = 21162 Bin = 14.696 oe 101.325 Pa 1 ing (at 2070) 1 bar = LOBS Pa ore = (U760}atm = 133.32 Pe = 2.7845 Ib 3375 Pa Fnerey Ties tht = 1.35582 1 Btu = 252 cal = 1055.056.1 = 778.17 FOF ‘kilowatt hour (kWh) = 3.6 B6 J 1 calorie = 4.1868 1 | therm = 15 Bra = LOSS1 BS Force bf = 4448222 N = 1607 Legh = 2.2006 nf = 9.80665 N EU'S. (short ton = 2000 186 1 éync = LOE-SN ‘ounce (avoirdupos) (oz) = 0.27801 N 1 poundal = 0.13826 Power Tip = 550 = Ibs = 745.7 W [ite Ibis 13558 W ‘Specific weight i? = 157.09 Nim Density T slugi = 515.38 kg/m? = 16.0185 kph? ‘Viscosity Kinematic viscosity {slog 9) = 4788 kgm 9) 11m = 0.000025806 ms 1 poise P) = 1 gem 4) = 01 kyon) 1 sokes (St) = 1 ems = 0.0001 mls “Temperature scale readings Tea Mes RTH) T=T HV T= Te WAS where subscripts F,C, K, and R rofer to readings on the Fahrenheit, Celsius, Kelvin, and Rankine scales, respectively, ‘Specific heat or gas constant™ fe Tt(lag “R) ~ 0.16723 N- mig K) 1 Bubm -"R) = 41868 Hoke =) Thermal conduct =R) ~ 1.7307 Whim K) Bult fe “AKtooph te absolse (Kevin) and Coles temperate le ave efferent satiny pons, the interval are the same sizes bella ~ 1 Calas dope The sun bli ous forthe sonnets bolt (Rae) 2nd Fave sees 1 Raakine dgaoe = I Fabre degre Ie casey 0 ‘gress temperate difletenes in absolve temperate ui.Prefix siga mega kilo hecto deka Abbreviation Factor gr 7zZ04 APPENDIX CGS AND SI PREFIXES FOR MULTIPLES AND Prefix deci centi mill micro nano pico femto ato SUBMULTIPLESAPPENDIX 2 VALUES OF GAS CONSTANT ‘Temperature Mass Energy = R Kelvins kg mol J 831447 cahy 1.9859 x 10° cal 1.9873 x 10° maim 82.056 x 10"? gmol —cm?atm 82056 Degrees Rankine Ibmol— Btu 1.9858 fib, 15453 Hp-h 7.8045 x 10-* kWh 58198 x 10-*To convert from atm Avogadro number barrel (petroleum) bar Boltzmann constant Bru Bub Beu/lbF Brofft?-h Beo/it?-h°F Brefyie-h“F To ne m Nim? Ib, fin? patticles/g mot fe sal US) 7 N/m? Toyfin? WK aly fb, J kWh cal/8 calyy/g°C w/in? W/m? keal/mn®-h-K APPENDIX CONVERSION FACTORS AND CONSTANTS OF NATURE Moltiply byt 43,5608 4046.85 1.01325« x 10° 14,696 6.022169 x 1079 5.6146 ae 0.15899 Je x 108 14.504 1.380622 x 107? 251.996 718.17 1055.06 29307 x 1074 0.55556 Is 3.1546 5.6783 4882 1.73073 1488 (Continued)1082 APPENDIX 3 CONVERSION FACTORS AND CONSTANTS OF NATURE To convert from To Multiply byt calry Bro 3.9683 x 107° feb, 3.0873 J 41868* cal 3 41840 om in, 0.39370 f 0.0328084 em? fe 3.531467 x 1075 gal (US) 2.64172 x 10-* oP (eentipoise) kg/m-s tex 1073 ibjfch 24191 Ibfft-s 6.7197 x 107 St (centistoke) miss Iv x 1076 faraday Cg mol 9.648670 x 10° fh m 030484 feb, Bi 1.2851 x 107? aly 0.32383 I 1.35582 Ruby fs Brufh 4.6262 hp 1.81818 x 10-2 fen ms 2.581 x 1075 cin?) 0.2581 io cm? 2.8316839 x 10 gal (US) 7.48052 L 2831684 f-atm, Btu 271948 aly 685.29 5 28692 x 10° ys gal (US)/min 448.83 gal (US) 0.13368 iw gravitational constant N-m?/kg? 6673 x 107" gravity acceleration, standard mys? 980665« h min 60x s 3600« hp Buuy/h 254443 kW 074624 hnp/1000 gat KW? 0197 in. on 2546 in? om? 16.3871 J erg te x 10? fb, 0.73756 kg Ib 2.20462 kWh Buu 34121 L m Is x 10-3 tb kg 045359237 byt? kg/m? 16018 gem? 016018 Woy fin? N/m* 689473 x 10° Ib mol/ft?-h kg mol/m™-s 1.3562 x 10-2 g mol/em?-s 13562 x 10-* light, speed of ms 2.997925 x 10° (Continued)APPENDIX 3 CONVERSION FACTORS AND CONSTANTS OF NATURE To convert from To ‘Multiply byt m f 3.280840 in 39.3701 mm fe 35.3147 gal US) 264.17 N ayn Is x 108 iby 0.22481 Nim? Th,fin? 1.4498 x 10-+ Planck constant Js 6.626196 x 10-* proof (US) percent alcohol by volume 0.5 ton (long) kg 1016 b 22406 ton (short) ib 20006 ton (metric) kg 1000¢ Ib 22046 yd fe 3e m 091446 + Values that end in an asterisk are exact, by definition, 1083