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GEC1 Understanding The Self Lesson 1

The document discusses different philosophers' views on the self from Socrates to modern philosophers. It addresses notions of the self as dualistic, tripartite, a bundle of perceptions, and identities formed through experience. Later philosophers discussed the self as behavior, the inseparability of mind and body, and the brain being the self.

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Michiko Xs
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26 views21 pages

GEC1 Understanding The Self Lesson 1

The document discusses different philosophers' views on the self from Socrates to modern philosophers. It addresses notions of the self as dualistic, tripartite, a bundle of perceptions, and identities formed through experience. Later philosophers discussed the self as behavior, the inseparability of mind and body, and the brain being the self.

Uploaded by

Michiko Xs
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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GEC 1

Understanding
the Self
Lesson 1
Instructor: Jonas Pimentel
MSc, Assoc CIPD
At the end of this lesson, you are
expected to be able to:
1. explain the importance of understanding the
self;

2. discuss the different notions of the self from the


points of view of the various philosophers across
time and place;

3. compare and contrast the representations of


the self in different philosophical schools and;

4. manifest enthusiasm in knowing oneself by


completing the tasks assigned.
Who Are You?
Activity (5 MINUTES)

1. Please write on a piece of paper your


GIVEN NAME.
2. On each letter of your GIVEN NAME,
please write an adjective which
best describes you.

JONAS
J-olly A-dorable
O-bedient S-imple
N-ice
Who Are You?
Activity (5 MINUTES):

3. Present this piece of paper and show it to


your classmates on the screen!
Who are We?

We are all
tasked to Have you truly
discover discovered yours?
ourselves!
Imagine A Scenario!
Analyze!
Easy Difficult
To write personal information on the
What distinguishes you from others?
application form

What makes you unique?


Lesson Proper
1. SOCRATES (469-399 B.C.E.)
2. PLATO (428-347 B.C.E.)
3. ST. AUGUSTINE OF HIPPO, Northern Africa
(354-430)
4. ST. THOMAS AQUINAS (1225-1274)
5. RENÉ DESCARTES (1596-1650)
6. JOHN LOCKE (1632-1704)
7. DAVID HUME (1711-1776)
8. IMMANUEL KANT (1724-1804)
9. GILBERT RYLE (1900-1976)
10. MAURICE MERLEAU-PONTY (1908-1961)
11. PATRICIA CHURCHLAND
1. SOCRATES (469-399 B.C.E.)

ü True task of a philosopher is to “know


oneself”.

ü “The unexamined life is not worth living.”

ü Every man is dualistic-


i. a body (imperfect & impermanent)

ii. a soul. (perfect & permanent )


2. PLATO (428-347 B.C.E.)
ü The soul (psyche in Greek) has three
elements: the rational soul, the spirited
soul, and the appetitive soul. If these are
in harmony, a person becomes just &
virtuous.

Rational
Self

Appetitive
Spirited Self
Soul
3. ST. AUGUSTINE OF HIPPO
Northern Africa
ü Man’s self is divided into 2:

Body-can only thrive in the imperfect,


bound to die on earth.
Soul- lives eternally in spiritual bliss

Happiness exists only in God’s love.

The goal of every human person is to attain


communion and bliss with God by living his
life on earth in virtue.
4. ST. THOMAS AQUINAS (1225-1274)

ü Man is composed of a:

a. matter (hyle) united, inseperable


b. form (morphe) union of self.

Hylomorphism- body & soul can only exist


in relation with one another.

Soul (anima)- separates living things (e.g.


humans) from non-living ones.
5. RENÉ DESCARTES (1596-1650)

ü He is the father of modern philosophy.


ü He questioned the integrity of beliefs
accepted on “faith”.
ü He emphasized that the only thing that
we should not doubt or question is the
existence of self.

ü “I think, therefore I am”.


Because you are thinking, there is no
doubt that you exist.

Having a self-identity and being self-


conscious are mutually dependent on one
another.
6. JOHN LOCKE (1632-1704)

ü He is the proponent of
Tabula Rasa.
- Humans are born with a clean and
empty mind.

The mind is only filled in through experiences


as one grows & interacts with the
environment.

Personal identity is founded on


consciousness (i.e. being aware one is
thinking) and evolves over the course of an
individual’s life.
7. DAVID HUME (1711-1776)

ü He is a Scottish philosopher.

ü Empiricism- knowledge can only be


derived if it is sensed and experienced.

ü The self is nothing else but a bundle of


impressions or a collection of different
perceptions.

ü Experiences are categorized into two:

a. impressions- experiences/sensation
vivid & direct experience
“Man has no clear b. ideas- copies of an impression
& intelligible idea of
the self.” IN LOVE>< IMAGINING FEELING IN LOVE
8. IMMANUEL KANT (1724-1804)

ü The self is a regulating and organizing


factor of the apparatuses of the mind-
(i.e. ideas that one cannot find in the
world, but is built in our minds
ü There is a mind that organizes these
impressions that men get from the
external world.

ü Without the self, one cannot organize the


different impressions that one gets in
relation to his own existence.

ü The self is an actively engaged


intelligence in man that synthesizes all
knowledge and experiences.
9. GILBERT RYLE (1900-1976)

ü He denies the concept of an


internal/non-physical self.

ü What truly matters is the behavior that a


person manifests in his day-to-day life.

ü “Self” is not an entity one can locate and


analyze but simply the convenient name
that people use to refer to all the
behaviors that people make.

ü The self is how you behave.


10. MAURICE MERLEAU-PONTY
(1908-1961)
ü He is a French phenomenological
philosopher.

ü Mind & Body CANNOT BE SEPARATED


because they are so intertwined.

ü The living body his thoughts, emotions and


experiences are all one.

ü You need to have a precise description of


your immediate responses:

a. physically (My physical responses are…)


b. emotionally (I feel…) &
c. cognitively. (I think…).
11. PATRICIA CHURCHLAND
ü She believes on the perspectives of
materialism/physicalism- all aspects of the
universe can be explained by physical laws.

ü She argued that to fully understand the


mind, one must understand the brain, using
concepts of neuroscience to explain
mental concepts such as freewill.

ü She proposed that the brain is the self; the


brain is each of us.
Proverbs 3:5-6: �
"5. Trust in the LORD with all thine heart; and
lean not unto thine own understanding. 6 In
all thy ways acknowledge him, and he shall
direct thy paths."
GODBLESS KIDS!

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