Project report on Fisheries Farming

IMC & EMC

Facilitated by

Centre for Agriculture and Rural Development, 13/397, Indira Nagar, Lucknow, UP
Progress through Partnership

VISION:

to bring about the social transformation by motivating the youth to setup model fisheries farms in
the rural areas for self sustainability and modeling it as additional revenue generation capacity for
the farmers.

STATEMENT OF THE NEED

Inland Water resources of the country are classified as rivers and canals; reservoirs; tanks &
ponds; bevels, oxbow lakes, derelict water; and brackish water. Other than rivers and canals,
total water bodies cover all area of about 7 M.Ha. Of the fivers and canals,

Uttar Pradesh occupies the First place with the total length of rivers and canals as 31.2 thousand
km, which is about 17 percent of the total length of rivers and canals in the country. Among the
remaining forms of the inland water resources, tanks and ponds have maximum area (2.9 M.Ha.)
followed by reservoirs (2.1 M.Ha.).

According FAO statement, in 2009, total fisheries production 7845163 tons, out of which
4053241 tons from captured side while 3791922 tons, were contributed from aquaculture
sector.

The aquaculture sector was responsible for the business of $5648.4 M in which 95% was
contributed by fresh water aquaculture and recorded it growth of 6.5 fold since 1950. It is
noteworthy to mention that that a captured fishery has already been attended a plateau which is
really difficult to cross because EEZ has been explored and to beyond that we don‟t have
economic vassals. Also, India is utilizing only 40% of total available 2.36 MHa of tanks and ponds
for fresh wateraquaculture. This means that there is a room for horizontal and vertical growth
of aquaculture. Considering, socio-economic development in terms of income and employment
through the use of unutilized and under-utilized resources in several regions of the county.

As per FAO outlook (2011), by 2015, aquaculture is projected to surpass capture fisheries as the
most important source of fish for human
consumption, and by 2020 should represent about 45 percent of total fishery production,
including non-food uses.
 ACTIVITIES AT FISHERIES FARM

• Resource centre for awareness on various development related issues.

• Facilitator for creation of SHGs and farmers’ clubs
• Moderator for smooth functioning of SHGs and farmers’ clubs
• Information generation at grass root level for developing farmers’ and area profile
• Capacity Building, training and field visits etc.
• Technology transfer through demonstration and training
• Arranging interaction between technical experts, local artisans and farmers.
• Backward and forward linkages in value chain
• Facilitation in bank and insurance related activities
• Market and product related information dissemination through use of Information
Communication Technology (ICT)
• Facilitation for various government schemes and programmes
• Implementation of government and development agencies supported programmes

ROLE OF CENTRE FOR AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT

• Technical and administrative support

• Software and information support
• Help in supplies of inputs
• Providing forward linkages
• Mobilisation of schemes, funds, technology, training, etc.
• Creating feedback mechanism and evaluation
• Project formulation on various agricultural activities related to farmers growth.

SOCIAL IMPACT OF THE PROJECT

Project is on a participatory approach where stakeholders list involves entrepreneurs at grass
root level, rural community, financial institutions, state and central government and other
developmental organization. This wide participation ensures the greater impact on overall
society on a sustainable basis. Being the role of local community on priority in this project
accountability will be ensured and the implementation will be in efficient mode. Major impact of
the project is listed below:

• Development of a self reliant, self sustained well informed and aware society
• Improved income in project area
• Better access to bank finances, leading to accelerated growth of rural enterprises
• Enhanced entrepreneurial and managerial skills.
• Better job and self employment opportunities
• Advanced skills to improve productivity of human resource
• Access to information by latest Information Communication Technology (ICT)
 • Intervention of technology and technical orientation of community for better
acceptability of technology
• Improved farm income through scientific agriculture, better resources planning based
on information, improved marketing services, contract farming and forward linkages
• Diversification of agriculture and reduced pressure on agriculture because of training on
alternative livelihood options
• Increased commercial activities in society with the increased actions of corporate
• Penetration of services like insurance, bank loan, animal health and agriculture
extension.

ABOUT FISH FARMING

Fish is the cheapest and most easily digestible animal protein and was obtained from natural
sources from time immemorial for consumption by human beings. However, due to over
exploitation and pollution, the availability of fish in natural waters have declined considerably
forcing scientists to adopt various methods to increase its production. Fish farming in
controlled or under artificial conditions has become the
easier way of increasing the fish production and its availability for consumption. Farmers can
easily take up fish culture in village ponds, tanks or any new water body and can improve their
financial position substantially. It also creates gainful employment for skilled and unskilled
youths. The technology developed for fish culture in which more than one type of
compatible fishes are cultured simultaneous is the most advanced and popular in the country.
This technology is known as Composite Fish Culture. This technology enables to get maximum
fish production from a pond or a tank through utilization of available fish food organisms in all
the natural niches, supplemented by artificial feeding. Any perennial fresh water pond/tank
retaining water depth of 2 metres can be used for fish culture purpose. However, the minimum
level should not fall below one metre. Even seasonal ponds can also be utilised for short
duration fish culture.

FISH SPECIES FOR POND FISH FARMING

Depending on the compatibility and type of feeding habits of the fishes, the following types of
fishes of Indian as well as Exotic varieties have been identified and recommended for culture in
the composite fish culture technology: The main fish varities under EMC & IMC are Rohu, catla,
Silver corp, etc
 FISH FARMING POTENTIAL

The area under tanks and ponds available for warm fresh water aquaculture is estimated to be
2.41 million ha. In addition 1.31 million ha of swamps, beels, etc. and low lying water logged
area not good for agriculture as also any land where there is copious water supply can be
converted for fish farming. Out of the total inland fish production of 4.7 lakh tonnes, around
80% is contributed by the culture sector. The average productivity from ponds at present is to
the tune of 2500 kg/ha/year. shows the tremendous scope for fish culture in the country. Only
15 % of the potential area of tanks and ponds available is developed so far, showing immense
possibilities for horizontal expansion of composite fish culture.
 TECHNICAL PARAMETERS
Technical parameters of composite fish culture has been enclosed as Annexure – I which
includes site selection, items of development, pre and post stocking operations, stocking density,
fertilisation, feeding etc.

Species Feeding habit Feeding zone

Indian Major Carp
Catla Zoo plankton feeder Surface feeder
Rohu Omnivorous Column feeder
Mrigal Detritivorous Bottom feeder
Exotic carps
Silver carp Phytoplankton feeder Surface feeder

Grass carp Herbivorous Surface, column And

marginal areas
Common carp Detritivorous/Omnivorous Bottom feeder

TECHNIC PARAMETERS THAT NEEDS TO BE CONSIDERED FOR COMPOSITE FISH CULTUREA

1. Selection of Pond

The main criteria to be kept in mind while selecting the pond is that the soil should be water
retentive, adequate supply of water is assured and that the pond is not in a flood prone area.
Derelict, semi derelict or swampy ponds can be renovated for fish culture by dewatering,
desalting, repair of the embankments and provision of inlet and outlet. The pond may be owned
by the individual or taken on lease in which case the lease period should be more or
coterminous with the repayment period. Construction of new ponds in ideal sites is
recommended keeping in view the above parameters.

The eligible items of pond development are as follows:

i) Desalting of existing ponds

ii) Deepening of shallow ponds.
iii) Excavation of new ponds.
iv) Impoundment of marginal areas of water bodies.
v) Construction / repairs of embankments.
vi) Construction of Inlets / Outlets.
vii) Any other item like civil structures, watchmen sheds, pump sets water
supply arrangements / electricity supply arrangements etc. depending on
requirements of the project based on its size etc.
 2. Pond Management

Pond Management plays a very important role in fish farming before and after the stocking of
fish seed. Various measures that are required to be undertaken in pre and post-stocking
practices are tabulated below:

Pre-stocking of the Pond

A. Pre-stocking
In case of new ponds, pre stocking operations starts with liming and filling of the pond with
water. However, the first step for existing pond requiring development deals with clearing the
pond of unwanted weeds and fishes either by manual, mechanical or chemical means. Different
methods are employed for this.

i) Removal of weeds by Manual/Mechanical or through Chemical means.

ii) Removal of unwanted and predatory fishes and other animals by repeated netting or
using mahua oil cake @ 2500 kg/ha metre or by sun drying the pond bed.
 B. Liming

The soils/ tanks which are acidic in nature are less productive than alkaline ponds. Lime is used
to bring the pH to the desired level. In addition lime also has the following effects –

a) Increases the pH.

b) Acts as buffer and avoids fluctuations of pH.
c) It increases the resistance of soil to parasites.
d) Its toxic effect kills the parasites; and
e) It hastens organic decomposition.

The normal doses of the lime desired ranges from 200 to 250 Kg/ha. However, the actual
dose has to be calculated based on pH of the soil and water as follows:

Soil pH Lime (kg/ha)

4.5-5.0 2,000
5.1-6.5 1,000
6.6-7.5 500
7.6-8.5 200
8.6-9.5 Nil

The pond is required to be filled with rain water or water from other sources after liming in
case it is a new pond.
 C. Fertilisation & Manuring

Fertilisation of the pond is an important means for intensifying fish culture by increasing the
natural productivity of the pond. The fertilisation schedule has to be prepared after studying the
quality of the pond soil. A combination of both Organic and Inorganic fertilisers may be used for
best results. The fertiliser programme has to be suitably modified depending on the growth of
the fish, available food reserve in the pond, physico chemical conditions of the pond and climatic
conditions.

Organic manure to be applied after a gap of 3 days from the date a) Organic of liming. Cow
dung @ 5000 kg/ha or any other organic manure in equivalent manurial value.

Inorganic Inorganic fertilisation to be undertaken after 15 days of organic manuring.

Requirement of nitrogenous and phosphate fertilisers would vary as per the nature of the
soil fertility indicated below. However any one of the nitrogen and phosphate fertilisers
could be used as per given rate.

Fertilization and manuring of pond

D. Inorganic Fertiliser Application (kg/ha/month)

Soil fertility status Ammonium sulphate Urea

1. Nitrogen (mg/100 g soil) 70 30

i) High (51-75) 90 40

ii) Medium (26-50) 140 60

iii) Low (upto 25)

2. Phosphorus
Triple super
Single super phosphate
Phosphate
(mg/100 gm soil)

i) High (7-12) 40 15

ii) Medium (4-6) 50 20

iii) Low (upto 3) 70 30

D. Inorganic Fertiliser Application (kg/ha/month)

2.2 STOCKING

The pond will be ready for stocking after 15 days of application of fertilisers. Fish fingerlings of
50- 100 gm size (approx) should be used for stocking @ 5000 nos. per hectare. However, if
fingerlings of smaller size are used, suitable allowance may be made accounting for mortality.
The present model envisages stocking of advanced fingerlings and rearing for 10-12 months.
Depending on availability of seed and market condition, stocking can be of 3, 4 or 6 species
combination in the following ratio.

Species combination (ratio)

Species 3-species 4-species 6-species

Catla 4.0 3.0 1.5
Rohu 3.0 3.0 2.0
Mrigal 3.0 2.0 1.5
Silver Carp - - 1.5
Grass Carp - - 1.5
Common Carp - 2.0 2.0
Since the market demand for Indian major carps are very good especially that of Catla and Rohu,
the model is prepared based on the stocking of Indian major carps alone in the stocking density
mentioned above.
 POST STOCKING

a. Supplementary feeding

Fishes need much more food than what is available naturally in the pond. Fishes can be fed with a
mixture of rice bran and oilcakes in the ratio 4:1. Due to the high cost of Ground nut Oil Cake (GOC)
farmers have tried using alternate sources like Cotton seed oil cake which is comparatively cheaper
than GOC. GOC and cotton seed oil cake can be mixed in equal proportions and fed to the fish and is
reported to give almost the same growth rate as that of GOC. The feed should be placed on a feeding
tray or in feeding bags and lowered to the pond bottom or it can be dispersed at the corners of the
pond. After some time the fishes will get used to this type of feeding and aggregate at the same
place at particular time for regular feeding thereby reducing the feed losses. The recommended
feeding rate is 5 - 6 % of the body weight upto 500gm size of fish and then reduce to 3.5% of body
weight from 500- 1000gm size . The feeding is supplementary in nature.

b. Manuring

i) Organic manuring may be done in monthly instalments @ 1000 kg/ha.

ii) Inorganic fertilisation may be done at monthly intervals alternating with organic manuring.

However, the monthly rate of fertilisation will depend on pond productivity and the growth of the
fishes. It should be ensured that excess fertilisation does not take place which may result in
eutrophication.

c. Harvesting

Harvesting is generally done at the end of 1st year, when the fishes attain average weight of 800 gm
to 1.25 kg. With Proper management a production of 4 to 5 tons/ha can be obtained in a year.
Harvesting is done by partial dewatering and repeated netting. In some cases complete dewatering
of ponds is resorted to. Some farmers resort to partial harvesting also depending on the season and
demand for fish.
 PROJECT FINANCIALS

Project Parameters

A Capital Cost

S.No Particulars Cost

Total cultivable area- 6000 sq.mt
1 Culture species IMC, EMC
2 Complete bird net @ Rs.1.2 per sq,mt 50000
3 Complete side net @ Rs.6 per sq.mt 10000
4 Store Room/rest room 50000
5 Aerator (2 nos) @ Rs. 35000/ aerator 70000
6 Electric connections with transformer 120000
7 Motor 10 HP 45000
8 Total cost 345000
Total
9

Working capital
Particulars Amount in Rs
S.No
Fish Seed @ 10000 nos 15000
(ROHU, KATLA, MRIGUR,
GROSS CARP, SILVER CARP)@
1 Rs.1.5/number
2 Lime and manure cost 10000
Feeding cost @ 8000 *1.5 480000
3 Kg/number @ Rs. 40?kg
Electricity bill per year 18000
4
Total-B 523000

Project financial outlay

1 Fixed Cost 345000

2 Working capital (One year) 523000
3 TFO 868000
S.No Means of Finance
Own Contribution 25% of the project 217,000.00
cost
1
Bank loan 651,000.00
2
TFO 868,000.00
3

Production parameters

S.No Particulars Rate Total sales

1 total crop @ 8000 115 920000
Gross Income 920000

Depreciation of the Fixed assets

Cost of Rate
S.N the of 1st 2nd 3rd 4th
o Particular assets Dep. Year Year Year Year 5th Year
1 Electric 120,000. 15 18000 15,300. 13,005. 11,054. 9396.112
connection with 00 00 00 25 5
transformer

2 Construction cost 50,000.0 15 7500 6,375.0 5,418.7 4,605.9 3915.046

of the building 0 0 5 4 875

3 Net & other 130,000. 15 19500 16,575. 14,088. 11,975. 10179.12

Implements 00 00 75 44 188

4 Total 300,000. 45,000. 38,250. 32,512. 27,635. 23,490.28

Depreciation 00 00 00 50 63
 Term loan requirement, repayments and interest details
S. No Particulars Year Amount in Rs.
i ii iii iv v
1 Loan 651,000.00 0 0 0 0
2 Loan Repayment 130,200.00 130200 130200 130,200.00 130200

3 Outstanding term loan 520,800.00 390,600.00 260,400.00 130,200.00 0

4 Interest on term loan 78,120.00 62496 46872 31,248.00 15624

5 Total repayment 208,320.00 192696 177072 161,448.00 145824

Five years profit loss projection

S.No Particulars / year 1 2 3 4 5
Income from 920000 1012000 1113200 1224520 1346972
stock- Note: 2nd
year onwards 10%
1 inflation added
Expenses- Capital 345,000.00
cost

2
Working capital
Note 2nd year
onwards 10%
inflation added
3 523,000.00 575,300.00 632,830.00 696,113.00 765,724.30
Profit 52,000.00 436,700.00 480,370.00 528,407.00 581,247.70
Net profit calculation
S.No Year 1 2 3 4 5
1 Capital cost 345,000.00 0 0 0 0
2 working capital 523,000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Bank loan 130,200.00 130,200.00 130,200.00 130,200.00 130,200.00
3 Installment
4 Interest on loan 78,120.00 62,496.00 46,872.00 31,248.00 15,624.00
5 Depriciation 45,000.00 38,250.00 32,512.50 27,635.63 23,490.28
6 Total expenses 1,121,320.00 230,946.00 209,584.50 189,083.63 169,314.28
Sales Stock 920000 1012000 1,113,200.00 1113200 1346972
7
Gross profit -201,320.00 781,054.00 903,615.50 924,116.38 1,177,657.72
8
9 Net profit -1,322,640.00 550,108.00 694,031.00 735,032.75 1,008,343.44
IRR
10 38%