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Fibonacci Numbers 1

The document discusses Fibonacci numbers, which form a sequence where each number is the sum of the preceding two numbers. It provides the definition, formula, examples of calculating Fibonacci numbers, and discusses properties like the golden ratio and appearances in nature.

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72 views

Fibonacci Numbers 1

The document discusses Fibonacci numbers, which form a sequence where each number is the sum of the preceding two numbers. It provides the definition, formula, examples of calculating Fibonacci numbers, and discusses properties like the golden ratio and appearances in nature.

Uploaded by

Necromancer Gtr75 Gt
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Fibonacci Numbers

Fibonacci numbers form a sequence of numbers where every number is the


sum of the preceding two numbers. It starts from 0 and 1 as the first two
numbers. This sequence is one of the famous formulas in mathematics. You
can find Fibonacci numbers in plant and animal structures. These numbers
are also called nature's universal rule, or nature's secret code.

In this article, let's learn about Fibonacci numbers in detail. We will discuss
their rules, properties, and the concept of the golden ratio and its relation with
the Fibonacci numbers. We shall solve various examples based on the
concept for a better understanding.

What are Fibonacci Numbers?


Fibonacci numbers are a sequence of whole numbers arranged as 0, 1, 1, 2, 3,
5, 8, 13, 21, 34,... Every number is the sum of the preceding two numbers.
Here are some interesting facts about the Fibonacci numbers:

 This sequence is called the Fibonacci sequence and it's an infinite sequence.
 Each number in the Fibonacci series or sequence is represented as Fn.

As shown below, Fibonacci


numbers can be represented as
a spiral, if we make squares with
those widths. In the given figure,
we can see how the squares fit
neatly together. For instance, 5
and 8 add up to 13, 8 and 13 add
up to 21, and it goes on.
Fibonacci Meaning
In mathematics, the Fibonacci is a concept that can be represented as
numbers, sequences, or series such that each term is the sum of the two
terms preceding it and the first two terms are 0 and 1. A Fibonacci number is
generally denoted by Fn, where n is a natural number. The Fibonacci sequence
is given by, 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, and so on.
Fibonacci Formula
Fibonacci numbers follow a specific pattern. To find the Fibonacci numbers in
the sequence, we can apply the Fibonacci formula. The relationship between
the successive number and the two preceding numbers can be used in the
formula to calculate any particular Fibonacci number in the series, given its
position.

Formula to Find Fibonacci Numbers


The formula to calculate the (n + 1)th number in the sequence of Fibonacci
numbers can be given as,
Fn = Fn-1 + Fn-2
where,
n>1
Fn-1 → nth Fibonacci number
Fn-2 → (n - 1)th Fibonacci number
Rules for Fibonacci Numbers
The rules for the Fibonacci numbers are given as:

 The first number in the list of Fibonacci numbers is expressed as F0 = 0 and the second number in the
list of Fibonacci numbers is expressed as F1 = 1.
 Fibonacci numbers follow a rule according to which, Fn = Fn-1 + Fn-2, where n > 1.
 The third fibonacci number is given as F2 = F1 + F0. As we know, F0 = 0 and F1 = 1, the value of F2 =
0 + 1 = 1.
 The sequence of Fibonacci numbers goes like 0, 1, 1, 2, and so on.

The rule for Fibonacci numbers, if explained in simple terms, says that every
number in the sequence is the sum of two numbers preceding it in the
sequence.

How to Find Fibonacci Numbers?


Let's calculate the Fibonacci numbers using the rule from the above section.
The sequence is given as 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, and so on.
Let's see how the first ten terms come about in the sequence. If we tabulate
the calculation, we get:

N Term Fn-1 Fn-2 Fn=fn-1+fn-2


(for n >1)
0 First - - F0==
1 Second F0=0 - F1=1
2 Third F1=1 F0=0 F2=0+1=1
3 Fourth F2=1 F1=1 F3=1+1=2
4 Fifth F3=2 F2=1 F4=2+1=3
5 Sixth F4=3 F3=2 F5= 3+2=5
6 Seventh F5=5 F4=3 F6=5+3=8
7 Eight F6=8 F5=5 F7+8+5= 13
8 Ninth F7=13 F6=8 F8+13+8=21
9 tenth F8=21 F7=13 F9=21+13=34

From the above table, we can infer that:

 In the sequence formed by the Fibonacci numbers, the first term is always 0, and the second
term is always 1.
 The output obtained in the 5th column is the summation of the values in the 3rd column and
4th column which represent the two preceding numbers.

Fibonacci Numbers List


Using the Fibonacci numbers formula and the method to find the successive
terms in the sequence formed by Fibonacci numbers, explained in the
previous section, we can form the Fibonacci numbers list as shown below.

F0 = 0 F10 = 55

F1 = 1 F11 = 89

F2 = 1 F12 = 144

F3 = 2 F13 = 233
F4 = 3 F14 = 377

F5 = 5 F15 = 610

F6 = 8 F16 = 987

F7 = 13 F17 = 1597

F8 = 21 F18 = 2584

F9 = 34 F19 = 4181

Properties of Fibonacci Numbers


Fibonacci numbers are used in many computer algorithms such as Fibonacci
cubes, Fibonacci heap data structure, and the Fibonacci search technique.
Let's see the different properties of the Fibonacci numbers based on the
number's position above and below zero.

The first 10 Fibonacci numbers in the sequence can be shown as:

F0 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9

0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34
 The sequence of Fibonacci numbers can be extended to negative index n also by re-arranging
the recurrence relation Fn-2 = Fn - Fn-1.
 This yields the sequence of NegaFibonacci numbers which has the relation F-n =( -1)n+1 × Fn.

Thus, for Fibonacci numbers, the bidirectional sequence looks like this:

F-5 F-4 F-3 F-2 F-1 F0 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5

5 -3 2 -1 1 0 1 1 2 3 5
We can observe from the above table that the Fibonacci numbers below zero are the same as
the Fibonacci numbers above zero, with the only difference that they follow the + - + - pattern. It
is interesting to note that Fibonacci numbers are used in planning poker games.
nth Fibonacci Number and the Golden Ratio
When any two consecutive Fibonacci numbers are taken, their ratio is very
close to 1.618034. Let's take a random example of two consecutive numbers:

 Let A = 13, B = 21 and, let's divide B by A. We get 21 ÷ 13 = 1.615.


 This ratio of successive Fibonacci numbers is known as the Golden Ratio.

We can calculate any Fibonacci number using this Golden Ratio as per this
formula: Fn = ((ɸ)n−(1−ɸ)n) ÷ √5. Here, ɸ = 1.618034. Let's calculate F6 =
((1.618034)6 −(1− 1.618034)6) ÷ √5. When this calculation is done using a
calculator, we get the value of F6 as 8.00000033, which when rounded off to
the nearest whole number becomes 8.

Fibonacci Numbers in Nature


We can find Fibonacci numbers everywhere in nature. Here are some of the
most common patterns and sequences of Fibonacci numbers in nature:

 The petals in certain plants such as sunflowers, lilies, roses, and buttercups follow the
Fibonacci pattern, and these flowers are called Fibonacci flowers.
 The spirals that are found on the pinecone are equal to Fibonacci numbers.
 Even the seeds of sunflowers are said to follow a Fibonacci pattern.
 The seashells, and starfish that we find on the seashores, follow the pattern of Fibonacci
numbers.

One of the practical applications of the concept of Fibonacci numbers is that it


was applied in the construction of the Great Pyramid at Giza.

Related Articles:

Check out the following pages related to the Fibonacci numbers in math.

 Fibonacci Numbers Calculator


 Arithmetic Progression
 Sequence Calculator
 Arithmetic Sequence Calculator

Important Notes on Fibonacci Numbers:

Here is a list of a few points that should be remembered while studying the
Fibonacci numbers.
 The concept of Fibonacci numbers is only applicable to whole numbers and decimal numbers
from a financial perspective.
 The sequence of Fibonacci numbers also applies to numbers below zero.
 The first Fibonacci number is always 0 and the second Fibonacci number is always 1.

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