Scribd
Upload
52 views19 pages

Ligaments of Knee Joint

The document discusses the four major ligaments of the knee joint - the anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament, and lateral collateral ligament. It provides details on the anatomy, function, causes of injury, and examination of each ligament. The document also briefly discusses treatment options for ligament tears.

Uploaded by

sofiacarlon04
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
52 views19 pages

Ligaments of Knee Joint

The document discusses the four major ligaments of the knee joint - the anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament, and lateral collateral ligament. It provides details on the anatomy, function, causes of injury, and examination of each ligament. The document also briefly discusses treatment options for ligament tears.

Uploaded by

sofiacarlon04
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 19

Ligaments of Knee Joint

Srivatsvan Swaminathan
0355668

MSK Anatomy Seminar Batch 25


List of Contents

1. Overview of knee joint 3


2. Anterior cruciate ligament 4-7
3. Posterior cruciate ligament 8-11
4. Lateral collateral ligament and medial collateral ligament 12-16
5. Conclusion 17
6. References 18
Overview of knee joint [7]

• Type: synovial joint


• Subtype: modi ied hinge joint
• Compound joint
• Tibiofemoral surface - bicondyloid joint
• Patellofemoral surface - plane joint
• Action: lexion, extension and rotation ( lexed
knee)
• Blood supply: genicular anastomoses of
branches of femoral and popliteal arteries
• Nerve supply: femoral, sciatic, obturator,
common peroneal and tibial nerve.
f
f
f
Anterior cruciate ligament [1]

Overview
ACL is intracapsular and extrasynovial
Two bundles
• Anteromedial (AM) & posterolateral (PL)
• Flexion: AM is taut, PL is loose
• Extension: PL is taut, AM is loose
Attachments and course
• Anterior to intercondylar eminence
• Runs upwards, backwards and laterally
• posteromedial surface of lateral condyle
Anterior cruciate ligament
Function
1. Primary restraint
• Anteromedial bundle prevents anterior
dislocation of tibia onto femur
2. Secondary restraint
• Posterolateral bundle limits tibial rotation
• Provide varus/valgus stability at full
extension
Anterior cruciate ligament
Cause of Injuries
• Combination of rotation and anterior translation
of tibia
• Rugby, basketball, soccer
• Female athletes more susceptible
• Footwear (cleats)
• Joint hypermobility, genetic predisposition,
elevated BMI
• Noncontact deceleration with valgus twisting.**
• Large force to back of partially lexed knee
f
Anterior cruciate ligament
Examination Acute haemarthrosis

Lachman test** Anterior drawer test Pivot shift test

Anterior translation of tibia on the injured side ≥ 3 mm


Posterior cruciate ligament [2]

Overview
PCL is intracapsular and extrasynovial
Two bundles
• Anterolateral (AL) & posteromedial (PM)
• Flexion: AL is taut, PM is loose
• Extension: PM is taut, AL is loose
Attachments and course
• Posterior to intercondylar eminence
• Runs upwards, forwards and medially
• Anterolateral surface of medial condyle
Posterior cruciate ligament
Function

• Both AL and PM bundles prevents


posterior dislocation of tibia onto femur
• Prevents hyperextension of knee joint
• Prevents tibia from being pulled
posteriorly during lexion
f
Posterior cruciate ligament
Cause of Injuries (less common than ACL)

1. Hyperextension injury
2. Direct blow to proximal tibia
• Dashboard injury
• Large force to anterior aspect of tibia with
knee is lexed position**(capsule and
ligaments are lax, joint is free to rotate)
f
Posterior cruciate ligament
Examination

Posterior drawer test Sag sign Quadriceps active test


Medial collateral ligament [3]

Overview
MCL is extracapsular and extrasynovial
Wide and lat ligament
Function: stability in valgus stress
Attachments and course
• Proximal - medial epicondyle of
femur
• Distal - medial condyle of tibia,
capsule, medial meniscus
f
Lateral collateral ligament [4]

Overview
LCL is extracapsular and extrasynovial
Cord like ligament
Separated from lateral meniscus by
tendon of popliteus
Function: Stability in varus stress
Attachments and course
• Proximal - lateral epicondyle of femur
• Distal - depression on lateral surface
of head of ibula
f
MCL and LCL
Cause of Injuries

• Caused by force applied to side of knee


when foot is placed on ground
• Injury to MCL is most common
• Injury to MCL likely presents with torn
medial meniscus due to attachment
• Unhappy triad (blown knee) - injury to MCL, ACL and
meniscus due to strong valgus force.
MCL and LCL
Examination

1. MCL tear
• Valgus stress test
• Pain on medial rotation of leg
2. LCL tear
• Varus stress test
• Pain on lateral rotation of leg
Conclusion
• There are 4 major ligaments in the knee (LCL, MCL, ACL, PCL) crucial in
ensuring joint stability
• Other ligaments include oblique popliteal ligament, ligamentum patellae
• Treatment of ligament tears (stability issues still present):
A. R.I.C.E
B. NSAIDS for pain
C. physiotherapy (weight bearing & rehab)
D. knee brace
E. reconstructive surgery
References
1. Musahl, V., & Karlsson, J. (2019). Anterior cruciate ligament tear. New England Journal of Medicine,
380(24), 2341-2348.
2. Pierce, C. M., O’Brien, L., Gri in, L. W., & LaPrade, R. F. (2013). Posterior cruciate ligament tears: functional
and postoperative rehabilitation. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, 21, 1071-1084.
3. Andrews, K., Lu, A., Mckean, L., & Ebraheim, N. (2017). Medial collateral ligament injuries. Journal of
orthopaedics, 14(4), 550-554.
4. Grawe, B., Schroeder, A. J., Kakazu, R., & Messer, M. S. (2018). Lateral collateral ligament injury about the
knee: anatomy, evaluation, and management. JAAOS-Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic
Surgeons, 26(6), e120-e127.
5. Chaurasia, B. D. (2004). Human anatomy (p. 53). New Delhi, India: CBS Publisher.
6. Shrive, N. G., O'connor, J. J., & Goodfellow, J. W. (1978). Load-bearing in the knee joint. Clinical
Orthopaedics and Related Research (1976-2007), 131, 279-287.
7. Hirschmann, M. T., & Müller, W. (2015). Complex function of the knee joint: the current understanding of
the knee. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, 23, 2780-2788.
ff
THANK YOU
ANY QUESTIONS?

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy