Corporate Social

responsibility
NTPC

1
 Index

S.NO CHAPTER PAGE

1 CHAPTER - 1 4-18
INTRODUCTION

2 CHAPTER – 2 19-23
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF CSR

3 CHAPTER – 3 24-37
PROFILE OF WIPRO
TECHNOLOGIES, BANGALORE

4 CHAPTER – 4 38-52
CSR IN FOUR COMPANIES IN BANGALORE
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

5 CHAPTER – 5 53-58
SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS,
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS

2
 ABSTRACt
The term “Corporate Social Responsibility” became popular in the 1960s and has remained a
term used indiscriminately by many to cover legal and moral responsibility more narrowly
consumed. India is a vast country with a vibrant democracy having an excellent Constitution
mentioning goal of social, economic and political justice for its citizens. It is not alone possible
by the Government at The Central and State level to perceive and reach the goals of social
and economic justice. Therefore, the need for intervention of large corporate housed is
required to achieve the goals of social and economic justice. India adopted the new economic
policy in the year 1991 and has embraced the policy of Liberalization, Privatization and
Globalization. Independent India sought industrialization through PSU. CSR then was still in
philanthropic space. With time Govt. /Non Govt. entities included CSR in community
development. Democratic institutions pressurised businesses to shift from philanthropy to
socially responsible behaviour and practices. Businesses felt threatened by growing gap
between the Have and Have-Not customers resulting in proactive attitudinal
change.Government regulatory mechanism (CSR clause in Companies act 2013) and BR report of SEBI
together with societal pressures persuaded private enterprises CSR activities rigorously. With
globalisation of Indian economy CSR practices in India are evolving fast covering balancing of
economical, social and environmental imperatives addressing simultaneously expectation of all
stakeholders. CSR- A strategic business concept helps in reducing poverty providing livelihood mean,
promoting skills and well being in the shape of education, health and environmental safe guard. This
study discusses all these issues supported with cases of two of the largest companiesone from PSU
(NTPC) and other from private sector (RIL).Their CSR policies, procedures and activities are discussed
exhaustively in this report. The Indian economic scenario has shifted from agriculture to
manufacturing and services sector causing migration of workforce resulting in greater exploitation of
natural resources and consequent environmental disturbances. These developments threatened the
social fabric both in rural and urban areas resulting in unrest. Businesses felt perturbed and modified
their CSR.

3
CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION

4
Origin of the Research Project
The term “Corporate Social Responsibility” came into common use in the late
1960s and early 1970s after many multinational corporations framed the term stakeholder,
meaning those on whom an organization’s activities have an impact. It was used to describe
corporate owners beyond shareholders as a result of an influential book by R. Edward
Freeman, strategic management : approach in 1984.
Moshe Ben-Horim’s a renowned author in his book is of the view that management
must be able to handle and make numerous decisions in line with the firm’s goals and
objectives. To meet this challenge, the firm must be guided by a plan that usually has two
levels: strategic and Tactical level.
Corporate Responsibility, corporate Social Responsibility hereinafter referred as CR/CSR
fall within the plan of strategic management through which the management both at
domestic and global level experiment CR/CSR for improving their corporate identity all over.
India is a developing economy, here corporate social responsibility play an important role in
organizations. In Indian industry one can easily notice a paradigm shift from corporate
philanthropist to being socially responsible.
The importance of CSR is increasing in Indian corporate scenario because organization have
realize that ultimate goal is not profit making beside this trust building is viable and assert
able with societal relationship.
The compulsion of CSR has emerged in last two decades when Indian organization realizes
the importance of sustaining in this cutthroat competition era. Before this Indian industries
had materialistic culture. In the hue and cry of LPG (Liberalization, privatization and
Globalization) companies were only focused toward profit maximization which led social
backwash.
To overcome this fashion CSR play an important role in sustainable development which is
only possible when there is a balance between profit and lowering social backwash or
eradicating it.

5
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
1.Abhisekh Shah, Kaushik PS and Priya Malebennur(2016) in their Research article entitled
‘Roles And Powers of CSR Committee Members Under Companies Act 2013’ corporate
social responsibility under section 135 of the Companies Act. 2013.
The objective of the CSR Law is to promote innovative ideas and corporate’s enhanced
management skills in discharging social responsibility that results in greater efficiency and
better outcomes. Here government does not have any authority to monitor on CSR
Committee.
All sort of decision regarding CSR projects will be taken over by board members and
committee members and there is no carry forward for CSR spending, CSR policy and
reporting must for all qualifying companies.

* Corporate Responsibility, corporate Social Responsibility hereinafter referred as

CR/CSR fall within the plan of strategic management through which the management both
at domestic and global level experiment CR/CSR for improving their corporate identity all
over. India is a developing economy, here corporate social responsibility play an important
role in organizations. In Indian industry one can easily notice a paradigm shift from
corporate philanthropist to being socially responsible. The importance of CSR is increasing
in Indian corporate scenario because organization have realize that ultimate goal is not
profit making beside this trust building is viable and assert able with societal relationship.
The compulsion of CSR has emerged in last two decades when Indian organization realizes
the importance of sustaining in this cutthroat competition era. Before this Indian industries
had materialistic culture. In the hue and cry of LPG (Liberalization, privatization and
Globalization) companies were only focused toward profit maximization which led social
backwash. To overcome this fashion CSR play an important role in sustainable development
which is only possible when there is a balance between profit and lowering social backwash
or eradicating it.

* Maimunah Ismail (2009) in his research article entitled, “Corporate Social

Responsibility and its Role in Community Development: An International Perspective”.
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) refers to strategies corporations or firms conduct their
business in a way that is ethical, society friendly and beneficial to community in terms of
development. It is argued that three theories namely utilitarian, managerial and relational
theories of CSR supported by works of other scholars in the area could be used to suggest
that CSR becomes an international concern due to globalized nature of business that knows
no border. CSR is evolving its meaning and practice.

6
 Hemant Goyal and Sandhya Agarwal (2014) in their research article entitled, “ Corporate
Social Responsibility as per New Indian Companies Act 2013”. Corporate Social
Responsibility (CSR) , a term widely use for defining the responsibilities of corporate world
towards the society and environment. Although the term is not new in this Corporate
world but its scope and meaning has undergone major changes from treating it as a mere
charity in comparison with the responsibilities duties of the corporate towards the outer
world. There are many big entities who have been actively engaged in the CSR activities
but unfortunately the number is relatively less. In order to encourage more entities to
participate in the process of development of the society via-CSR, the Government of India
has actually implemented the concept of CSR in the new Companies Act 2013.

Joanne Bauer (2014) in his Research Article entitled, “the problem with corporate social
responsibility”, CSR proponents emphasize that virtuous companies will be rewarded in
the market place and thus can ‘do well by doing good’-an argument widely referred to as
‘the business case’. For all its success at prodding companies operating in today’s high risk
environment to pay attention to their social and environmental roles, the CSR movement
suffers from two fundmental problems. One relates to a lack of standards defining what
10 counts as corporate responsibilities, leaving it up to business managers to decide. The
second relates to the over-reliance on citizen oversight- sometimes referred to as ‘civil
regulation’- to make CSR work. These two problem are closely linked: because there are
no clear standards for corporate responsibility, civil regulation cannot function well.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

The concept of CSR is gaining more relevance due to the expansion of business through trade
and commerce. It is understood most of the economies in the world are regulated by market
forces as a result of which the markets have become an important part in the governance of
a country. In a democratic setup like India with a constitution having an idea of welfare to the
people through the machinery of government cannot meet and reach the aspirations of many
in society.
Hence, the role of Nongovernment organizations, civic societies and particularly the
role of corporate houses is required for satisfying the aspirations of the people in the society,
thus the significance of research project on “Corporate Social Responsibilities of today’s Socio
Economic changes in Bangalore-silicon city of India.
A sociological perspective” becomes relevant to carryout research to know the
different ways and means by which the corporate houses discharge their functions for the
needy in society. Bangalore city the capital of Karnataka state is labeled as silicon city, IT and

7
BT city. Bangalore is known all over the world for having huge corporate business centres. Ex:
Infosys, Wipro, Tata Consultation Services, Reliance etc.
In the recent times Infosys is plying a significant in discharging its corporate social
responsibility by way of constructing 10,000latrines(toilets) in Gulbarga District of Karnataka
State by investing Rs 10,000 out of 18,000 per latrine, the remaining Rs. 8000 is borne by the
government and beneficiaries. Another similar example is 12 Wipro, Bangalore has adopted
few villages for the purpose of ensuring the level nutrition in children residing in villages.
In view of the increasing role of corporate houses in discharging their social
responsibility, the significance of research arise to carry out study and research up to what
extent the corporate social responsibility is increasing in providing welfare facilities and
benefits to poor and needy in society. Since the city like Bangalore as mentioned above has
number of companies and corporate centers where there is more scope for carrying out
research on “Corporate Social Responsibilities of today’s Socio Economic changes in
Bangalore-silicon city of India. A sociological perspective”

OBJECTIVES OF PROJECT

• The paramount of research project is to bring out the statistics pertaining to the
beneficiaries, who derived benefit through corporate social responsibility.
• The object of research project is also to enquire and arrive at result to know about the
change in the lives of millions of people, who have been benefited through corporate
social responsibility in major city like Bangalore.
•

METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH

The principal investigator of the research is interested in following both Doctrinal and
Non-Doctrinal methods of research to carry out the study. Both Primary and Secondary
sources of information are gathered to analyses the past, and to interpret the present and
give a vision of the future. Primary data with questionnaire and personal interviewing of the
respondents. Secondary data have been collected with the help of Books, Magazines,
Newspaper, Web information, Articles, companies’ annual reports and so on.
Different scholars termed CSR with different names like Corporate Citizenship, Corporate
Conscience, and Corporate Obligations, Corporate social responsibility of business, corporate social
responsiveness and Responsible Corporate Strategy. As said above among definitions of various expert
bodies the roots of CSR from earlier stages have emerged out of such philanthropic activities like
donations and charity,etc.

8
This idea has advanced to cover related concepts like Corporate Citizenship and Strategic philanthropy
and shared values leading corporate sustainability and business responsibility. A brief definition of CSR
states ‘The responsibility of enterprises for their impact on society’. This meets the requirement to
integrate social, environmental, ethical, human rights, consumer concern covering interest of all stake
holders.

This win-win situation which covers interest of both direct stakeholders

(Owners/Investors/Employees) as well as indirect stakeholders clarifies the terminology CSR as
Corporate Owners beyond shareholder .This has been brought out by R.E .Freeman in his book titled
strategic management- A stake holders approach.

Another scholar Bowen regards’ CSR as the obligation of the businessmen to pursue such policies
which lead to the adoption of actions supporting objectives and values of the society’. Another
definition propounded by Frederick (1960) states ‘Social responsibility means businesses should
oversee the operation of an economic system that fulfils the expectation of people’.

In general while as before onset of twentieth century businesses regarded their enterprises as private
arrangement for enriching share holders evolution of CSR has changed the thinking that businesses
are a joint enterprise in which workers management consumers, locality, government trade unions
and other interested groups having stake in the business have to make a common purpose for interest
of all.

Experts within India and abroad are of the view that twenty first century for India will be characterised
by unprecedented challenges and opportunities arising from globalisation. The most recent financial
upheaval has concluded that India will be fastest growing nation leaving behind Asian giant China. The
desire of inclusive development and imperatives of climate change have created a rethink in Indian
businesses.

At the same time the Indian businesses is today viewed globally a responsible component of
ascendancy of India and is poised to take on a leadership role in the challenges thrown by twenty first
century global crisis. Research and past events world over have shown that integrating social,
environmental and ethical responsibility into governance of businesses ensures long-term sustainable
success and competitiveness.

Obviously this reaffirms the view that businesses are integral part of the society and have a critical and
active role to play in the sustenance and improvement of healthy eco system, in fostering social
practices and good governance. Effective CSR adopted by socially responsible companies achieves
suitable sustainable growth in their operation in long run. Moreover there offerings i.e. good and
services are preferred by the customer.

The Indian tradition of several thousand years emerging from ancient wisdom has inspired the
business people to work for the larger objective of wellbeing of all the stakeholders of their businesses.
In current context these values will help organisations grapple with the challenges that arise out of the
fulfilment of stakeholders and community at large.CSR activity unlike earlier times are not
philanthropy only but are obligations to the society to go beyond statutory requirements/obligations.

Ministry has framed guidelines which are purely voluntary (reproduced in annexure 2
separately). These guidelines form the base for CSR policy implementation by India Corporate and
formulate a roadmap for strategic planning which should 7 be an integral part of overall business policy
and aligned with their business goals. Guidelines being voluntary in nature, they are not intended for
regulator or contractual use. While the guidelines are meant for Indian incorporate enterprises that

9
have a transnational presence could benefit from using these guidelines for their overseas operations
as well

Compliance with standards-Though setting and ensuring compliance with minimum standards is
ensured under mandatory role still corporate bodies cover this aspect under their code of conduct and
CSR related issues. Besides this partnership role under the coverage of minimum good practice sets
standards such as environmental covenants practice by Dutch and South African countries.

Public Policy-Next CSR theme namely public sector activities involving Public Sector engagement in
policy makes an important contribution to align business practices with sustainable development
goals. In this context corporate donations and lobbying are interest groups to further Public policy role
of business. Beyond compliance activities are resorted to by the businesses to take care of specific
regional interests. Affirmative action such as Public sector procurements and company ownership
giving preferential treatment to disadvantaged groups is the sound example in this connection.

Corporate Governance –Besides governance guidelines and codes of best practices some of the issues
could be as follows: Business organisation, in order to ensure corporate accountability have also
include negotiations and implementation of international principles, partnership based
codevelopment and engagement in capacity building, pension legislation and other good corporate
governance practices.

Socially Responsible Investment-Examples from enlightened advanced western countries have taken
measures to promote actions in this connection such as enacting laws under pension acts by endorsing
particular system of indicators and metrics. Beyond this Public sector has linked CSR to such friendly
practices as technology transfer, local economic linkages. Public sector loan guarantee and public
private partnership by aligning with corporate investment such as in infrastructure and social security
(education and health).

Philanthropy and Community development-An endeavour by collaboration of Govt. and businesses.

An example of rich oil and gas producing company a small percentage of its annual revenue to channel
funds into infrastructure, environmental and social development projects (source-Nigeria Delta
development commission).Another significant action in this connection is the intervention to create
incentive for voluntary corporate donations and social investment through Tax incentives

Stake Holders Engagements facilitating a dialogue between stakeholders and businesses through
either mandatory legislation for multi-stakeholders or interest of particular stake holders where CSR
initiatives need intervention for third party discrimination

Pro-CSR themes- In connection with production and consumption Public sector agencies promote
them through business, technical, advisory services and research for example export promotion is
achieved by producing green goods and services. Another example that supports investment within
business is achieved by adopting the policy 9 “Polluter Pays” (by imposing a levy).Environmental and
social labelling schemes for consumers to prefer the same can be regarded as Pro – CSR activity of
business. Certification, beyond compliance standards and environmental engagements are the issues
initiated by Public sector bodies giving birth to creation of guidelines leading to development of Public
sector codes of conduct and standard. Some of the examples in this connection are quoted as: South
Africa’s National responsible tourism guidelines, Egyptian environmental policy program and Taiwan
Public procurement Policy.

Multilateral Process Guidelines and Conventions-Both developing and Developed countries have
endorsed UN global compact as well as OECD guidelines for Multinational enterprises. Also Inter-Govt.

10
Processes to tackle sector specific issues have been sorted through what is called Kimberley process
to create sectarian frame work for implementation.

The above detailed review of initiatives has focussed mainly on engagements in PRO-CSR activities by
national level Public sector bodies, however collaboration between central Govt. at regional, provincial
or state level also need to be studied. In this connection an UN conference on environment and
Development titled “local Agenda 21” speaks of private sector engagement in processes to define
locally relevant policy framework for sustainable development with incidental benefits in promoting
responsible business practices.

The above comprehensive study seemingly creates a dilemma in the mind of experts as to
understand Public sector engagements for reasons given in the following study.
Since understanding on basic terms in CSR agenda are far from consistent standards the agenda
appears to be contradicting at places are rather at places at immature level, for example several Public
sector organisation are engaged in producing goods and services that promote export of much needed
foreign exchange, but Public sector don’t consider this activity part of CSR. Another key contradiction
is that both in Industrial and developing countries advocates of CSR mostly lack understanding of such
established and evolving approaches as life cycle assessment, eco-efficiency, cleaner production and
environmental management systems. In a way these issues within the overall CSR are not yet fully
recognised. 10 Lastly, no formal evaluation of which Public sector agency has more than others to
build a more enabling environment for CSR is still in its infancy preventing to point to best practice
example. Some of the hurdles in this connection are inadequate funding, insufficient consumer
demand and or mal administration.

International policy processes covering inter governmental framework and regional cooperation have
the potential to drive the public sector engagement thereby enabling environment for CSR. At regional
level same can be achieved by bringing together different Governments in settings where one or more
participant’s engagement already exists.

Another example of this effort can be cited is regarding clean developmental mechanism of KYOTO
protocol on climate change that has the potential to propel Public sector in promoting of PROCSR
business. However, almost little engagement in developing countries Public sectors to National level
under OECD guidelines on Multinational enterprises.

Trade/Investment Promotion-PSB do realise that CSR agenda could help to assess to export of
sustainably produced goods and services and could tackle the potential exclusion from existing
markets.PSB do feel responsible for building capacity for domestic producers to enable them to meet
CSR standards and engagement in standard setting initiatives to avoid unfair market access barriers.

Adequate evidence exists that CSR is at times viewed as non tariff barriers to trade or an unwelcome
imposition of foreign concerns. Regarding developing countries voluntary adoption of international
level CSR standards of the level of ISO (International Organisation for Standardisation) are be
addressed through a number of initiatives. Though CSR activities in consonance with trade promotion
does exist there is very little evidence to confirm that direct link between PRO –CSR public policy exists
to attract FDI.

Maintain minimum standards-To protect commercial transaction, a free and fair competition, new
demands CSR agenda of PSB arises. To ensure compliance whether through civil society pressures or
public agencies minimum mandatory standards cannot create the level playing field thereby allowing

11
the market place resulting in rewards for higher standards of innovation. Voluntary labour code of
conduct does help Public sector inspectorate does help in some cases. A similar result for enforcement
of minimum standards is achieved through command and control methods.

Partnership & civil Society demands-Private sector actors in development of strategies for sustainable
development or poverty reduction that could be achieved by PSB is relatively limited outside
developed countries. Development strategies demand input from Govt., development agencies, civil
society, research community and businesses.

But regrettably this is almost nonexistent. Partnership initiatives by PSB at National /local
administration level being resource intensive need donor interventions. In addition to this partnership
calls for significant inputs from such sections of society NGOs, Trade Unions and Community based
organisations in addition to public sector inputs. Unfortunately these voices are almost in effective
being weak and having significant barriers.

Consumer demand for sustainable goods services-It is only significantly small number of consumers
who are knowledgeable particularly in developing countries who could differentiate products and
services for sustainably /ethically produced goods and services. Thus Public sector intervention in poor
and middle income countries for green /ethical consumer markets domestically is limited and needs
continuous interventions to stimulate consumer demand. Notwithstanding drivers and constraints
outlined earlier there is scope to strengthen Public Sector in developing countries to have robust CSR.
Some core themes for the same are given below.

To ensure long term sustainable growth, RIL collaborates with its stake holders by identifying the
issues, prioritising to ensure stakeholders engagement and take steps to address them. In this
connection RIL has established world class occupational & family welfare centres following
International practices in all location of its activities.

These facilities offer preventive, promotive & curative health services. RIL also provides
comprehensive health care services to villagers located in their manufacturing divisions. In partnership
with Govt AND NGOs it provides care support & free treatment to combat HIV/TB. All their Hospitals
are having NABH&NABL accreditation.

RIL has arrangement safer work environment for its employees & contractors and operating
communities. In addition safety initiatives for the community local public are taken care of by having
proper infrastructure built & safety gadget installed to prevent chaos & accidents. Global best
practices guide compliance to ensure environmental excellence .

All manufacturing sites of RIL have integrated management systems combining environment, quality,
occupational health and safety management system for new projects after conducting environmental
impact assessment to ensure minimum effects on local biodiversity & approval from all legal and
regulatory authorities are obtained Effluent discharge at manufacturing division is continuously
improved to save and effectively manage requirement of water.

Towards environmental protection & awareness drives massive plantation are undertaken from time
to time to create awareness in the local community on importance of green cover. Since RIL
manufacture products based on application of chemical sciences it recognises scientists worldwide
through awards in recognition of innovative & seminal contribution in chemical engineering.

For social responsibility for education & scientific research RIL has instated D.A Protsaham Scheme
which supports financial poor & meritorious students to pursue higher education.RIL has pioneered

12
the concept for education for all. Under this program more than 30,000 underprivileged children
receive free education.

One of the most admired schools is their 15 International school in Mumbai as ranked as no 1 across
all categories. Attention to girls has not lagged.

Financial support & infrastructure facilities to schools for girl’s education have been provided.
Sanitation & Healthcare -scientific disposal of wastes is regularly carried out at various project sites of
RIL. Reliance Foundation has several hospital & one is coming up which is bench marked with the best
in the world with state of art infrastructure facility& information systems.

In promoting sports & sportsmen RIL has instituted scholar for aspiring Indian sports person for full
time training & coaching in various fields of sports.

Trust for Rural development set up fifteen years back which created facilities in around 8000 villages
in the state of Gujarat covering roads, buildings, drinking water facilities, community halls, Check Dams
etc. A comprehensive water supply infrastructure was recently provided in some villages in state of
Gujarat. In addition to above RIL has done commendable work in response to natural disaster like
cyclone earth quake etc.Training has been provided to village folk especially women to create
livelihood support.

Village community members are engaged in maintenance work in various projects as skilled,
semiskilled and unskilled labour. Reliance foundation has a comprehensive approach towards
sustainability development with five pillars of rural transformation discussed above namely,
education, health, urban renewal, arts, culture & heritage.

Since 2010 another program by the name RFBIJ is bridging the rural urban divide by supporting the
marginal farmers ensuring livelihood & removal of poverty. This also aims at contributing towards
conservation of nature & promoting sustainable farming practices.

Other initiatives are RF Information services, Mobile health program, RF drishti programs for improving
lives of visually impaired. Some of the other noteworthy activities under CSR of RIL are The Dhirubai
Ambani Scholarship Scheme, Sports for development (Youth Basketball program in India).Disaster
Response program, and Environmental Sustainability program-Soil & water conservation measures,
planting of sampling, biogas plants & solar lamps.

The corporate world at the early stages started businesses with the sole responsibility to maximise
financial returns to its stakeholders. The concept gradually refined and broadened with the social
activist and thought readers advocating social legislation. Several regulatory legal bodies who
established public policies thereby officially recognising the environment, the employees and the
consumers as significant and legitimate stakeholders.

Corporate had to balance their commitment simultaneously to the owners and stakeholders who
claimed both legal and ethical rights. To reconcile obligation to shareholders with other competing
groups claiming legitimacy this involved establishing goals of business wherein ethical /moral aspects
of business where to be related to the economical and legal aspects of business.

Our goal to study CSR from ethical cum moral component we have to isolate it from economic cum
legal aspects and simultaneously relate it to the overall business framework. As early as 1960
academics and practitioners’ suggested that CSR refers to businesses “Decision and action taken for
reason at least partially beyond the firms direct economic and or technical interests”

13
.Some experts later on argued CSR refers to the “Problems when a corporate enterprise casts its
shadow on the social scene and ethical principles that ought to govern the relationship between the
corporation and society”.

In seventies a three concentric circle approach defines CSR .The core circle- innermost included basic
economic functions of growth, products and jobs. The immediate (intermediate circle) included the
economic functions that must be exercised with the sensitive awareness of changing social values and
priorities. The outer circle outlined the suggested responsibility that businesses must shoulder so as
to become actively involved in improving social environment.

The business responsibility focussed extensively on business obligation and motivation overlooking
the business performance. A social responsiveness movement ensued to correct this ambiguity. To
reconcile the firms economic orientation with social orientation a comprehensive definition of CSR
evolved.

This gave birth to a four part concept of CSR namely corporation besides economic and legal obligation
has also ethical and 17 discretion (philanthropy) responsibility as well. A pyramid covering for part
prospective came into existence.

Stakeholders may be described as those groups or persons who have a stake, a claim or interest in the
operations and decisions of the firm for example legal claim held by owner of the business or employee
of the business or customer of the business. The claim could be nature of explicit or implicit contract.
When a group asserts a right to be treated fairly or with due process or that its opinions be taken into
consideration in a business decision .

This could be deemed as a moral claim. In these cases there could be many stakeholders like
shareholders, consumers, employees, suppliers, social activists etc. Two vital criteria are adopted to
decide the claim of stakeholders. These are legitimacy of claim or the power of the claimant.

For example from the CSR point of view legitimacy may be the most important while as power may
be important from point of view of management efficiency. With above mentioned prospective we
can think that stakeholders management is a process by which managers reconcile their own objective
with the claim and expectation being made by them on various stakeholders.

In other words management has to ensure that the firms primary stakeholders are helped to achieve
their objectives while as other stakeholders are simply satisfied. This win-win situation does not always
prevail since a legitimate and desirable goal for management is to pursue to protect its long term
interest.

• Immoral Managements is constituted by those managers whose decisions, actions and

behaviour indicate an active opposition to what is deemed right or ethical. Their decisions are
discordant with ethical principles and imply an active negation of what is moral.

These Managers care only for themselves or their organisation profitability and success. To them legal
standards are barriers or impediments. They feel management must overcome difficulties to
accomplish what it wants. Their strategy is to exploit opportunities for personal or corporate gain.

• Amoral Management: Here managers are neither immoral nor moral. However they are not
sensitive to the fact that there decisions may be deleterious effects on others. They lack ethical
perception. They may be careless and inattentive to the implications of their 20 actions on
stakeholders.

14
Their orientation is toward the letter of law as their ethical guide. These managers consider ethics are
only for our private lives and not for business. They believe that business activity resides outside the
sphere to which moral judgements apply.

• Moral Management: Ethical norms that adhere to higher standards of right behaviour are
employed. Moral Managers apart from for conforming to accept and high levels of professional
conduct exhibit exemplary leadership for ethical issues.

Moral managers want to be profitable within the confines of sound legal and ethical precepts like
fairness, justice and due process. The orientation of their approach is towards letter and spirit of law
(regarded as minimum ethical behaviour).

They try to operate well above what the law mandates. They seek and use sound ethical principle such
as justice, rights, utilitarianism. Moral managers assume leadership positions for their companies
when ethical dilemmas arise

• RIL is regarded as most promising private sector Company in CSR .They have allocated an
expenditure 3.24% after taxes which is higher than the stipulated Company act norms. It has annual
revenue of 4 lac crores a year back spending more than 1000 crores on CSR activities.RIL along with
Tata motors & Tata steel have been adjudged as the most admired companies for their CSR initiatives
by Nelson survey. Being a private organisation headed by one of the largest share holder’s decision
making is quicker and follow up is persuasive till results are reached.

Corporate Responsibility, corporate Social Responsibility hereinafter referred as CR/CSR

fall within the plan of strategic management through which the management both at
domestic and global level experiment CR/CSR for improving their corporate identity all over.
India is a developing economy, here corporate social responsibility play an important role in
organizations. In Indian industry one can easily notice a paradigm shift from corporate
philanthropist to being socially responsible. The importance of CSR is increasing in Indian
corporate scenario because organization have realize that ultimate goal is not profit making
beside this trust building is viable and assert able with societal relationship. The compulsion
of CSR has emerged in last two decades when Indian organization realizes the importance of
sustaining in this cutthroat competition era. Before this Indian industries had materialistic
culture. In the hue and cry of LPG (Liberalization, privatization and Globalization) companies
were only focused toward profit maximization which led social backwash. To overcome this
fashion CSR play an important role in sustainable development which is only possible when
there is a balance between profit and lowering social backwash or eradicating it.

Maimunah Ismail (2009) in his research article entitled, “Corporate Social Responsibility
and its Role in Community Development: An International Perspective”. Corporate social
responsibility (CSR) refers to strategies corporations or firms conduct their business in a way
that is ethical, society friendly and beneficial to community in terms of development. It is
argued that three theories namely utilitarian, managerial and relational theories of CSR
supported by works of other scholars in the area could be used to suggest that CSR becomes

15
an international concern due to globalized nature of business that knows no border. CSR is
evolving its meaning and practice.

Corporate Responsibility, corporate Social Responsibility hereinafter referred as CR/CSR fall

within the plan of strategic management through which the management both at domestic
and global level experiment CR/CSR for improving their corporate identity all over. India is a
developing economy, here corporate social responsibility play an important role in
organizations. In Indian industry one can easily notice a paradigm shift from corporate
philanthropist to being socially responsible. The importance of CSR is increasing in Indian
corporate scenario because organization have realize that ultimate goal is not profit making
beside this trust building is viable and assert able with societal relationship. The compulsion
of CSR has emerged in last two decades when Indian organization realizes the importance of
sustaining in this cutthroat competition era. Before this Indian industries had materialistic
culture. In the hue and cry of LPG (Liberalization, privatization and Globalization) companies
were only focused toward profit maximization which led social backwash. To overcome this
fashion CSR play an important role in sustainable development which is only possible when
there is a balance between profit and lowering social backwash or eradicating it.
The principal investigator of the research is interested in following both Doctrinal and
NonDoctrinal methods of research to carry out the study. Both Primary and Secondary
sources of information are gathered to analyses the past, and to interpret the present and
give a vision of the future. Primary data with questionnaire and personal interviewing of the
respondents. Secondary data have been collected with the help of Books, Magazines,
Newspaper, Web information, Articles, companies’ annual reports and so on.
Different scholars termed CSR with different names like Corporate Citizenship, Corporate
Conscience, and Corporate Obligations, Corporate social responsibility of business, corporate social
responsiveness and Responsible Corporate Strategy. As said above among definitions of various expert
bodies the roots of CSR from earlier stages have emerged out of such philanthropic activities like
donations and charity,etc.

This idea has advanced to cover related concepts like Corporate Citizenship and Strategic philanthropy
and shared values leading corporate sustainability and business responsibility. A brief definition of CSR
states ‘The responsibility of enterprises for their impact on society’. This meets the requirement to
integrate social, environmental, ethical, human rights, consumer concern covering interest of all stake
holders.

This win-win situation which covers interest of both direct stakeholders

(Owners/Investors/Employees) as well as indirect stakeholders clarifies the terminology CSR as
Corporate Owners beyond shareholder .This has been brought out by R.E .Freeman in his book titled
strategic management- A stake holders approach.

Another scholar Bowen regards’ CSR as the obligation of the businessmen to pursue such policies
which lead to the adoption of actions supporting objectives and values of the society’. Another
definition propounded by Frederick (1960) states ‘Social responsibility means businesses should
oversee the operation of an economic system that fulfils the expectation of people’.

16
In general while as before onset of twentieth century businesses regarded their enterprises as private
arrangement for enriching share holders evolution of CSR has changed the thinking that businesses
are a joint enterprise in which workers management consumers, locality, government trade unions
and other interested groups having stake in the business have to make a common purpose for interest
of all.

Experts within India and abroad are of the view that twenty first century for India will be characterised
by unprecedented challenges and opportunities arising from globalisation. The most recent financial
upheaval has concluded that India will be fastest growing nation leaving behind Asian giant China. The
desire of inclusive development and imperatives of climate change have created a rethink in Indian
businesses.

At the same time the Indian businesses is today viewed globally a responsible component of
ascendancy of India and is poised to take on a leadership role in the challenges thrown by twenty first
century global crisis. Research and past events world over have shown that integrating social,
environmental and ethical responsibility into governance of businesses ensures long-term sustainable
success and competitiveness.

Experts within India and abroad are of the view that twenty first century for India will be characterised
by unprecedented challenges and opportunities arising from globalisation. The most recent financial
upheaval has concluded that India will be fastest growing nation leaving behind Asian giant China. The
desire of inclusive development and imperatives of climate change have created a rethink in Indian
businesses.

At the same time the Indian businesses is today viewed globally a responsible component of
ascendancy of India and is poised to take on a leadership role in the challenges thrown by twenty first
century global crisis. Research and past events world over have shown that integrating social,
environmental and ethical responsibility into governance of businesses ensures long-term sustainable
success and competitiveness.

Obviously this reaffirms the view that businesses are integral part of the society and have a critical and
active role to play in the sustenance and improvement of healthy eco system, in fostering social
practices and good governance. Effective CSR adopted by socially responsible companies achieves
suitable sustainable growth in their operation in long run. Moreover there offerings i.e. good and
services are preferred by the customer.

The Indian tradition of several thousand years emerging from ancient wisdom has inspired the
business people to work for the larger objective of wellbeing of all the stakeholders of their businesses.
In current context these values will help organisations grapple with the challenges that arise out of the
fulfilment of stakeholders and community at large.CSR activity unlike earlier times are not
philanthropy only but are obligations to the society to go beyond statutory requirements/obligations.

Ministry has framed guidelines which are purely voluntary (reproduced in annexure 2
separately). These guidelines form the base for CSR policy implementation by India Corporate and
formulate a roadmap for strategic planning which should 7 be an integral part of overall business policy
and aligned with their business goals. Guidelines being voluntary in nature, they are not intended for
regulator or contractual use. While the guidelines are meant for Indian incorporate enterprises that
have a transnational presence could benefit from using these guidelines for their overseas operations
as well

17
To ensure long term sustainable growth, RIL collaborates with its stake holders by identifying the
issues, prioritising to ensure stakeholders engagement and take steps to address them. In this
connection RIL has established world class occupational & family welfare centres following
International practices in all location of its activities.

These facilities offer preventive, promotive & curative health services. RIL also provides
comprehensive health care services to villagers located in their manufacturing divisions. In partnership
with Govt AND NGOs it provides care support & free treatment to combat HIV/TB. All their Hospitals
are having NABH&NABL accreditation.

RIL has arrangement safer work environment for its employees & contractors and operating
communities. In addition safety initiatives for the community local public are taken care of by having
proper infrastructure built & safety gadget installed to prevent chaos & accidents. Global best
practices guide compliance to ensure environmental excellence .

All manufacturing sites of RIL have integrated management systems combining environment, quality,
occupational health and safety management system for new projects after conducting environmental
impact assessment to ensure minimum effects on local biodiversity & approval from all legal and
regulatory authorities are obtained Effluent discharge at manufacturing division is continuously
improved to save and effectively manage requirement of water.

18
 CHAPTER-2
CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWORK
OF CSR

19
Origin and Growth of CSR
India has a long rich history of close business involvement in social causes for national
development. CSR is known from ancient time as social duty or charity, which through
different ages is changing its nature in broader aspect, now generally known as CSR.

From the origin of business, which leads towards excess wealth, social and environmental
issues have deep roots in the history of business. India has had a long tradition of corporate
philanthropy and industrial welfare has been put to practice since late 1800s.

Historically, the philanthropy of business people in India has resembled western

philanthropy in being rooted in religious belief. Business practices in the 1900s that could be
termed socially responsible took different forms: philanthropic donations to charity, service
to the community, enhancing employee welfare and promoting religious conduct.

Corporations may give funds to charitable or educational institutions and may argue for them
as great humanitarian deeds, when in fact they are simply trying to buy community good will.
The ideology of CSR in the 1950s was primarily based on an assumption of the obligation of
business to society.

In initial years there was little documentation of social responsibility initiatives in

India. Since then there is a growing realization towards contribution to social activities
globally with a desire to improve the immediate environment.

It has also been found that to a growing degree companies that pay genuine attention to the
principles of socially responsible behavior are also favored by the public and preferred for
their goods and services. This has given rise to the concept of CSR.

After Independence, JRD Tata who always laid a great deal of emphasis to go beyond
conducting themselves as honest citizens pointed out that there were many ways in which
industrial and business enterprises can contribute to public welfare beyond the scope of their
normal activities.
He advised that apart from the obvious 15 one of donating funds to good causes which has
been their normal practice for years; they could have used their own financial, managerial
and human resource to provide task forces for undertaking direct relief and reconstruction

20
measures. Slowly, it began to be accepted, at least in theory that business had to share a part
of the social overhead costs.
Traditionally, it had discharged its responsibility to society through benefactions for
education, medical facilities, and scientific research among other objects. The important
change at that time was that industry accepted social responsibility as part of the
management of the enterprise itself. The community development and social welfare
program of the premier Tata Company, Tata Iron and Steel Company was started the
concepts of “social Responsibility”.
The term corporate social performance was first coined by Sethi (1975), expanded by Carroll
(1979), and then refined by Wartick and Cochran(1985). In sethi’s 1975 three level model,
the concept of corporate social performance was discussed, and distinctions made between
various corporate behaviours. Sethi’s three tiers were ‘social obligation (a response to legal
and market constraints); social responsibility (congruent with societal norms); and social
responsiveness (adaptive, anticipatory and preventive) (Cochran,2007).
The last decade of the twentieth century witnessed a swing away from charity and traditional
philanthropy towards more direct engagement of business in mainstream development and
concern for disadvantaged groups in the society. This has been driven both internally by
corporate will and externally by increased government and public expectations (Mohan,
2001).

Corporate Social Responsibility and Globalization

In today’s world, globalization of business is necessary to sustain in the market. Global

business environment provides healthy competition and a free market operation. Every
business enterprise operating globally or indigenously has to follow the condition of global
environment. It also has social responsibility towards it. It is the responsibility of business to
fulfill the needs of the worldwide customers. They need a globally approved quality, a globally
competitive world price and a globally approved technology. Otherwise they may not be able
to remain in the global market environment. Globalization results in the faster and larger
growth of industrialization, hence business organizations have a greater global social
responsibility towards the society. Expansion of business through takeovers, merger and
acquisitions are common nowadays. Corporate houses make large allocations for social
welfare projects in order to gain greater corporate image.

Advantages of Corporate Social Responsibility

Company Benefits:

21
* CSR should not be viewed as a drain on resources, because carefully implemented CSR
policies can help your organization: * Win new business
* Increase customer retention
* Differentiate yourself from your competitors
* Lower operating costs

Disadvantages and Criticisms of Corporate

Social Responsibility

• Demands for Greater Disclosure

There is a growing demand for corporate disclosure from stakeholders, including customers,
suppliers, employees, communities, investors, and activist organizations.

• Non- Availability of Non-Government Organizations:

It is also reported that there is non-availability of well-organized non-governmental
organizations in remote and rural areas that can assess and identify real needs of the
community and work along with companies to ensure successful implementation of CSR
activities.

• Visibility Factor:
The role of media in highlighting good cases of successful CSR initiatives is welcomed as it
spreads good stories and sensitizes the local population about various ongoing CSR initiatives
of companies.
• Narrow perception Towards CSR Initiatives
Non-Governmental organizations and Government agencies usually posses a narrow outlook
towards the CSR initiatives of companies, often defining CSR initiatives more donor-driven
than local in approach.

• Non-Availability of Clear CSR Guidelines:

There are no clear cut statutory guidelines or policy directives to give a definitive direction to
CSR initiatives of companies. It is found that the scale of CSR initiatives of companies should
depend upon their business size and profile.

• Lack of Consensus on Implementing CSR Issues:

There is a lack of consensus amongst local agencies regarding CSR projects. This lack of
consensus often results in duplication of activities by corporate houses in areas of their
22
intervention. This results in a competitive spirit between local implementing agencies rather
than building collaborative approaches on issues. This factor limits company’s abilities to
undertake impact assessment of their initiatives from time to time.

Models of Corporate Social Responsibility

Ethical Model (1930-1950):

One significant aspect of this model is the promotion of trusteeship that was revived and
reinterpreted by Gandhiji. Under this notion the businesses were motivated to manage their
business entity as a trust held in the interest of the community. The idea prompted many
family run businesses to contribute towards socioeconomic development. The efforts of Tata
group directed towards the well-being of the society are also worth mentioning in this model.

Statist Model (1950-1970):

Under the aegis of Jawarharlal Nehru, this model came into being in the post independence
era. The era was driven by a mixed and socialist kind of economy. The 20 important feature
of this model was that the state ownership and legal requirements decided the corporate
responsibilities.

Liberal Model (1970-1990):

The model was encapsulated by Milton Friedman. As per this model, corporate responsibility
is confined to its economic bottom line. This implies that it is sufficient for business to obey
the law and generate wealth, which through taxation and private charitable choices can be
directed to social ends.
Stakeholder Model (1990-present):
The model came into existence during 1990s as a consequence of realization that with
growing economic profits, businesses also have certain societal roles to fulfill. The model
expects companies to perform according to “triple bottom line” approach. The businesses
are also focusing on accountability and transparency through several mechanisms CSR needs
to be understood within this context captured in the development oriented CSR framework
given below:

23
CHAPTER-3

PROFILE OF WIPRO
TECHNOLOGIES,
BANGALORE

24
Board of Directors

• Azim Premji- Executive Chairman

• Rishad Premji- Member of the Board
• Ashok S Ganguly- Independent Director
• M.K Sharma- Independent Director
• Patrick J Ennis- Independent Director
• Abidali Z Neemuchwala- CEO and Member of the Board
• Narayanan Vaghul- Independent Director
VISION
• The Vision of WIPRO is to contribute for global e-society, where a wide range of
information is being exchanged beyond time and space over global networks, which
breaks down the boundaries among countries, regions and cultures, allowing individuals
to take part in various social activities in an impartial, secure way.
• To do continuous effort to enhance people's lifestyle and quality by means of developing
new technology in wireless communication.
MISSION
• The Mission of WIPRO is to be a RF System Solution Provider, through its innovative
research and design works for a new world of broadband wireless communications.
•

CORE VALUES OF WIPRO

• Outstanding
• Teamwork
• Challenge
•
GOALS OF WIPRO

• To support customers who rely on our ability as an advanced RF System Solution Provider
• To build up core competencies through collaboration with technological partners
• To contribute to the Ubiquitous Networking Society by providing chip level RF system
solution
Awards and recognition

25
• Wipro wins 2017 Most Admired Knowledge Enterprise (MAKE) Award, No. 1 in Asia $
India.
• Wipro won the ‘Best IoT solution Partner Award’ by Cisco
• Wipro’s Next Generation Customer Experience (NGCE) platform won the “Best Innovation
Practices for Science and Technology Service Industry in China” Award.
• Wipro recognizes among India’s most innovative companies by CII industrial innovation
awards 2017.
• Wipro has been named a constituent of the FTSE4Good Index Series in 2017.
• Wipro selected as a member of the 2017 Vigeo Eiris Emerging market Sustainability Index(
the 70 most advanced companies in the emerging Market Region)
• Wipro won the ‘Association for Talent Development’ BEST (Building talent Enterprise-
wide Strategically) award for 2016.
• Wipro Won Innovative Policies and Practices for Persons with Disabilities Award by Zero
Project, Vienna.
• Wipro named as a 2017 World’s Most Ethical Companies by the Ethisphere Institute for
the 6th successive year’.
• Wipro won “Excellence in Diversity & Inclusion” award & “Employer with best Employee
Health and Wellness Initiative” award at SHRM India HR Awards 2016.
• Wipro was awarded a runners up in “Excellence in Talent Sourcing & staffing” at SHRM
India HR Awards 2016.
• Wipro won the “Platinum Arogya World Healthy Workplace” FY2016 award in the Health
& Wellness category.
• Wipro was awarded a runners Up in “Diversity & Inclusion” in the Corporate HR Best
Practices category at NHRD HR showcase 2016 event.
• Wipro receives Silver Class Sustainability Award 2017 in Robeco SAM’s annual Corporate
Sustainability Assessment (CSA).

SWOT Analysis
Strengths:
• Skilled manpower: Diversified skill base across service lines, delivery capabilities and
client satisfaction.
• Commitment to go the extra mile
• Research and Development: Technological partnership with other software companies •
Low cost advantage: Ability to continually reduce the cost of services (Wipro ltd et al.,
2009).
Weaknesses:

• Not a proactive company: Domestic market was huge but was underdeveloped
• Small player in global market: No exposure to standard work
• Limited domain: Wipro provided very limited number of services (Wipro ltd et al., 2009).
Opportunities:

26
• Huge global market: The Company has entered into the global market so now it's the
biggest opportunity available to the company
• Huge Potential in Domestic Market (Wipro ltd et al., 2009).
Threats:

• Competition by Indian companies in domestic market

• Presence of big companies in global market
• Exchange rate: This can be a threat to the company as the company is making profits due
to the high exchange rate and if this rate comes down in future it can lead to a major
problem for the company (Wipro ltd et al., 2009).
INFOSYS' MISSION
• "To achieve our objectives in an environment of fairness, honesty, and courtesy towards
our clients, employees, vendors and society at large."
• Infosys focuses on maintaining fairness, honesty and courtesy towards their clients,
employees, vendors and society in their path of achieving their objective. They believe
that these three key aspects were the main factors in achieving their vision.

Its key products and services are:

• NIA-Next Generation Intergated Al Platform (formerly known as Mana)

• Infosys Consulting-ma global management consulting service
• Infosys Information platform (IIP)- Analytics platform
• Edgeverve systems which inclides Financle, a global banking platform
• Panaya Cloud Suite
• Skava
CSR STRTEGY OF Infosys TECHNOLOGIES, BANGALORE

• Eradication Hunger, Poverty, Malnutrition

• Preventive healthcare, Water and Sanitation
• Education, Employability and Livelihoods Enhancement
• Gender, Equality and Women Empowerment, Senior Citizens Care
• Environmental Sustainability Heritage conservation,
• Promoting Art, Craft and Culture
• Public Libraries
• Armed Forces Veteran Welfare
• Rural Development
Awards and Recognition
• In 2017, HFS Research included Infosys in Winner’s Circle of HFS Blueprint for managed
security services, Industry 4.0services and utility operations

27
• In 2012, Infosys was ranked# 19 amongst the world’s most innovative co mpanies by
Forbes.
• In 2006, institute of Chartered Accounts of India included Infosys into Hall of Frame for
being the winner of Best Presented Accounts for 11 Consecutive years.
•
Infosys prize

The Infosys prize is an annual award given to scientists, researchers, engineers and social
scientists connectd to India. It is given by the Infosys Science Foundation, a non-profit trust
which was set up in February 2009 by Infosys and some members of its Board. The prize is
given under six categories. Each category includes a gold medallin, a citation certificate, and
prize moneyof 6.5million (US$100,000).

SWOT ANALYSIS

SWOT - Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. Ron Basu. (2004) states, "A SWOT
(strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) is a tool for analysing an organization's
competitive position in relation to its competitors"

STRENGTHS
Infosys considers diversity as an important asset and is one of the main strength. They attract
and retain global talent by offering best diversity opportunities. Infosys has more than
100,000 employees from 70 nationalities working together in an inclusive environment.
Infosys has marked its footprint in 28 countries and this enhances its capability to support
the global operations of multinational clients.
Efficient and highly innovative Research and Development facility is the main strength of
Infosys.
Infosys has a strong financial position. The present revenue is US $ 4.8 billion which shows an
increase of 7.3% compared to the previous year.
Impressive list of global 2000 clientele is an added strength.
WEAKNESSES
Infosys' major revenue is from banking and financial sector and this sector is facing a crisis
globally and even reduced their spending in IT.
Excessive dependence on US for revenue is a major weakness as most of the companies in US
are cutting their IT budget.
28
Comparing to its international competitors like HP, EDS, IBM and Accenture its revenue is
relatively low.
In the sector of high-end management consultancy, Infosys is weaker while comparing with
Accenture and IBM which dominates this sector.
Since many of its competitors are US based, it struggles to achieve US Federal government
contracts.
Infosys could not grab these highly profitable contracts since there were political pressures
on US government to offer these contracts to US based companies
OPPORTUNITIES
Since there is a huge industrial revolution in China, there is a new and emerging market
Access to new business market in oil and gas industry through their strategic alliance with
Schlumberger Limited. Many firms across the globe are adopting outsourcing at an increased
pace.
This increases the opportunities of getting more new clients, which are yet to adopt
outsourcing.
Demand for IT services in Indian market is expected an increased growth of 20% and there is
greater scope in product innovation and services domains like transportation and
infrastructure.
THREATS
Many global players have realised that the availability of low-cost and highly skilled labours
in India. This makes Infosys compete with other global players for skilled labour.
This eventually raises the wage levels and creates difficulty in retaining talented staff. Policies
made by US government against outsourcing to companies based other than in US. Fierce
competition from competitors with greater reputation and financial strength.
There is a large pool of low-cost and skilled labours in countries like Korea and China.
New competitors may come from these countries and customers may switch to these
competitors.

COGNIZANT TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS CORP

Board of Directors.
• Zein Abdalla- Director
• Besty S.Atkins
• Maureen Breakiron-Evans
• Jonathan Chadwick

29
• John M. Dineen
• Francisco D’ Souza CEO of Cognizant
• John N. Fox,Jr.
• John E. Klein
• Leo.S.Mackey Jr
• Michael Patsalos-Fox
• Robert E. Weissman
• Thomas M. Wendel
• Lakshmi Narayan
Cognizant passion for building stronger business is consistently recognized by independent
sources and customers. Recent accolades include:

• 205 in Fortune 500 ( June 2017)

• Newsweek’s Top 100 Green Companies in the U.S (June2016)
• Ranked # 529 in Forbes’Global 2000(May 2016)
• Named Among the Forbes’ America’s Best Management Consulting Firms (May2016)
• Name Among the Forbes’25 Fastest Growing Public Tech Companies (April 2016) •
Fortune’s World’s Most admired Companies (February 2016)
• Named Among the Forbes’ World’s Innovative Companies of 2015 (August 2015) • FT
Global 500 (June 2015)
on behalf of Cognizant by Srimanikandan Ramamoorthy, AVP of Administration at Cognizant.
Cognizant’s Golf View Campus in Bangalore has won the Indian Bureau of Energy Efficiency’s
National Energy Conservation Award for 2011 in the Office Buildings category. National
Energy Conservation Awards, among India’s most prestigious state awards, are given every
year by the Ministry of Power, Government of India, to industrial units, office buildings, and
others for efficient utilization and conservation of energy. Started in 1991, the awards were
presented to this year’s winners at a special felicitation program held in New Delhi on
December 14, 2011, observed as National Energy Conservation Day. The gathering was
addressed by the Indian Prime Minister, Dr. Manmohan Singh. Sushilkumar Shinde, India’s
Union Minister of Power, gave away the awards. The award was received
FStech Awards: Cognizant Wins Three Top Honors at the 2017 FStech Awards
Cognizant has won the top honours in the three categories in the annual FStech Awards- Best
use of IT in wholesale and Investment Banking, Outsourcing Partnership of the year, and
systems Integration Project of the Year. For the past 17 years, the prestigious FStech Awards
have celebrated excellence and innovation in the field of information technology in the
financial services sector across EMEA. The winners were announced at the annual awards
gala dinner and ceremony held at the London Marriott Hotel Grosvenor Square and attended
by five hundred guests from the technology and financial services industries.

30
The composition of CSR committee of Cognizant

• Deepak Prabhu
CSR STRTEGY OF Cognizant TECHNOLOGIES, BANGALORE
• Education
• Healthcare
• Livelyhood 40 SERVICES
• Cognizant Digital Business
• AI & Analytical
• Digital Engineering
• Digital Transformation
* Insight, Strategy & Design
* Intelligent Products & solutions
* Interactive
* Cognizant Digita; Operations
* BPaaSPlatforms
* Industry Solutions
* Intelligent Process Automation
* Operational Analytics
* Process Reimagine
Profile of Emids Technologies
Champak Pragathi Towers, Survey No. 3/2 Hosur Main Road, Bommanahalli, Bengaluru,
Karnataka
Board of Directors
Saurabh Sinha-CEO and Co-Founder/Board member
Dana sellers- Board member
John ‘Jack’ Snopkowski- Board member
Jim Pavlik- Board member
Mohan S. Kharbanda- Board member
Grant A. Jackson- Board member
Ramesh Emani- Board member
Mission

31
CSR STRTEGY OF Emids TECHNOLOGIES, BANGALORE

• Education
• Healthcare
• Livelihood

Profile of Infosys Bangalore

32
33
34
COGNIZANT TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS CORP

Type Public
Traded as NASDAQ: CTSH NASDAQ-100 Component S&P 500 Component
Industry IT services, IT consulting
Predecessor Dun & Bradstreet Founded January 26, 1994; 24 years ago
Founders Kumar Mahadeva Lakshmi Narayanan Francisco D'Souza
Headquarters Teaneck, New Jersey, United States 38
Area served Worldwide
Services IT Services, business consulting and outsourcingservices
Revenue US$14.81 billion (2017)[1]
Operating income US$2.481 billion (2017)[1]
Net income US$1.504 billion (2017)[1]
Total assets US$15.221 billion (2017)[1]
Total equity US$10.669 billion (2017)[1]
Number of employees 260,000 (2017 Q4)[2]
Website www.cognizant.com

35
Profile of Emids Technologies

Website www.emids.com
Head Quarters Nanshville,TN (US)
Size 1001 to 5000employees
Founded 1999
Type Company- Private Industry IT services
Revenues$25 to$50 million (USD) per year
Board of Directors Saurabh Sinha-CEO and Co-Founder/Board member
Dana sellers- Board member
John ‘Jack’ Snopkowski- Board member
Jim Pavlik- Board member

36
Mohan S. Kharbanda- Board member Grant A.
Jackson- Board member

Ramesh Emani- Board member

37
CHAPTER-4

CSR IN FOUR
COMPANIES IN
BANGALORE
ANALYSIS AND
INTERPRETATION OF
DATA

38
Age in Wipro Infosys Emids Cognizant % of
years respondent
20-30 35 40 35 40 37.50
30-40 35 30 30 32 31.75
40 & 30 30 35 28 30.75
above
Total 100 100 100 100 100

ANALYSIS
According to the data collected by the Respondent , the total number are 100 ,37.50%
respondents are under the age of 20-30yrs, 31.75% the respondents come under the age of
30-40yrs, the age group between 40 and above is 30.75%.

QUALIFICATION OF THE RESPONDENTS

39
 Qualification Wipro Infosys Emids Cognizant Percentage
of
respondents

SSLC 10 8 12 10 10
PUC 15 17 18 14 16
Degree 55 50 45 49 49.75
pg
Other 20 25 25 27 24.25
degree
Total 100 100 100 100 100

ANALYSIS
Out of 100 respondents 10% of the respondents are PUC
qualified, 49.75% , are graduates and post graduates, and
those who acquired other degree 24.25%.

40
INTERPRETATION
Education plays a vital role in economical growth of any economy it is inference from the
forgoing responses that people with graduation and post graduation are well placed in the
employment because the decision making process in the department becomes easy,
cohesiveness and coordination can be use full for smooth flow of productivity,

Monthly Income OF THE RESPONDENTS

Monthly Wipro Infosys Emids Cognizant Percentage
income of
respondents
Lessthan 25 24 20 20 22.25
15,000-
25000
25000- 25 27 30 25 26.75
35000
35000- 30 32 30 35 31.75
50000
50000 & 20 10 20 20 19.25
above)
Total 100 100 100 100 100

ANALYSIS
22.25% of the companies respondents are receiving monthly income between
Rs1500025000/-, 26.75% of the respondents are receiving monthly income between
Rs.25000-35000/, 31.75% of the respondents are receiving income between Rs.35000-
50000/- and the respondents who are receiving the income above Rs.50000 is 19.25%

41
INTERPRETATION
Bangalore is well known for its social responsibility at the time of inception itself, after companies
amendment Act 2013 under section 135 it became mandatory for all the company to undertake CSR
initiatives for the very strong and sound in its CSR implementation among other private sector
undertaki From how long the 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Wipro Infosys Emids Cognizant % respondents 49
Figure 4.4 Bangalore is well known for its social responsibility at the time of inception itself, after
amendment Act 2013 under section 135 it became mandatory for all the company dertake CSR
initiatives for the upliftment society. In that sense all four companies are very strong and sound in its
CSR implementation among other private sector undertaki From how long the … From how long the
… From how long the companies of Bangalore has been into corporate social responsibility for the last
25yrs From how long the companies of Bangalore has been into corporate social responsibility For the
10 yrs Bangalore is well known for its social responsibility at the time of inception itself, after
amendment Act 2013 under section 135 it became mandatory for all the company upliftment society.
In that sense all four companies are very strong and sound in its CSR implementation among other
private sector undertakings.

Essentials of CSR IN FOUR COMPANIES

42
SIno Essentials of Wipro Infosys Emids Cognizant Yes No
CSR

1 CSR policy Y Y Y Y

2 CSR Y Y Y Y
Objectives

3 CSR Y Y Y Y
Strategies

4 CSR Y Y Y Y
committee
structure

5 CSR Scope Y Y Y Y

6 CSR Y Y Y Y
contract cell

ANALYSIS and Interpretation

43
All the 40 respondents accepted the fact that company are presented with all essentials of
corporate social Responsibility they are CSR policy, CSR objectives, CSR Strategy, CSR
Committee Structure, CSR scope and CSR Contract Cell . These all Essentials of Corporate
Social Responsibility will help the company to have a well structured. CSR Committees that
strengthens the social asset creation for the development of society and nation. Customer
focused social assets are created for the purpose of the society and this statement is well
reflected in the mission and vision , by serving the society they have become world class
enterprises. World class because of corporate image that image gained through CSR.

SATISFACTION LEVEL OF CSR

Statement Scale Wipro Infosys Emids Cognizant
%
CSR Committee is Strongly
satisfactory in Agree
70 75 60 65 67.3
regarding to its
Agree
working 13 13 15 17 13
responsibility Neutral
and 10 5 10 13 9.5
accomplishments Disagree 5 5 6 4 5
Strongly
disagree
5 5 4 6 5
Total
100 100 100 100 100

Analysis
The companies are starving very hard alleviate poverty and hunger of the grassroot people
of the country. This leads to the economic growth 67.5% of the respondents are strongly
agree for the statement , 13% of the respondent only agree to the statement, 9.5% of the
respondents are neutral to the statement, 5% of each respondents are disagree and strongly
disagree to the statement.

INTERPRETATION
Social programmes are organized to strongly agree the working process of the companies
towards CSR’s satisfaction . Only 5% of the respondents are disagree

44
 SOCIAL ASSETS
Si NO Social Assets Wipro Infosys Emids Cognizant Yes No
created by
companies

Social Y Y Y Y
buildings

College Y Y Y Y
buildings

Multipurpose
hall,Library
and

Auditorium
for college

Public Toilets
Burns ward
construction
in hospital

Rain water
harvesting in
Y Y
components
SBU

Boundary
wall
construction
and MS gate
for school

Analysis and interpretation

Out of 40 samples respondents only 50% accept th fact that the companies, the CSR
committee through its policy consistency working for the benefits of the society. A divergent
benefits are offered to the society in the form of education, healthcare, sanitation, drinking
water, rural development, environmental protection so on and so forth. 52 SATISFACTION
LEVEL OF CS
45
The Global context Definitions
of CSR:
While as concept of CSR has emanated as late as mid twentieth century with the
industrialisation of western world different industrial powers have accepted different
definitions of the terminology CSR based on the impact of businesses on the society and their
expectations. The factors that were responsible for evolving a coherent definition were the
social problems like economy conditions of society and impact on environment due to use of
technology.
Moreover ethical factors, self regulatory mechanisms and norms and standards established
by National, International bodies resulted in framing of Laws, Corporate action plans. This
took full care of the impact of environment and interest of stakeholders like community in
the vicinity of industry, employees, investors, consumers and Nation at large.
The core theme of CSR is that the business policy, strategy and activities should result in
managing costs and benefits to both internal and external stakeholders such as workers,
investor, shareholders, community members, institutions of public governance and other
entities.
However the PSUs are trying to maintain an improved view that their CSR activities should
achieve beyond compliance on voluntary basis. Three foremost international organisations
define CSR as “EC-the responsibility of enterprises for their impact on society-states that to
meet their social responsibility enterprise: should have in place a process to integrate, social,
environmental, ethical, human right, consumer concerns into their business operations and
core strategy in close collaboration with their stakeholders”.
WBCD-defines CSR as “the continuing commitment by business to contribute to economic
development while improving the quality of life of the workforce and their families as well as
community and society at large”. *World business council for sustainable development
Literature Review:
Different scholars termed CSR with different names like Corporate Citizenship, Corporate
Conscience, and Corporate Obligations, Corporate social responsibility of business, corporate
social responsiveness and Responsible Corporate Strategy. As said above among definitions
of various expert bodies the roots of CSR from earlier stages have emerged out of such
philanthropic activities like donations and charity,etc.This idea has advanced to cover related
concepts like Corporate Citizenship and Strategic philanthropy and shared values leading
corporate sustainability and business responsibility. A brief definition of CSR states ‘The
responsibility of enterprises for their impact on society’. This meets the requirement to
integrate social, environmental, ethical, human rights, consumer concern covering interest
of all stake holders. This win-win situation which covers interest of both direct stakeholders
46
(Owners/Investors/Employees) as well as indirect stakeholders clarifies the terminology CSR
as Corporate Owners beyond shareholder .This has been brought out by R.E .Freeman in his
book titled strategic management- A stake holders approach. Another scholar Bowen
regards’ CSR as the obligation of the businessmen to pursue such policies which lead to the
adoption of actions supporting objectives and values of the society’. Another definition
propounded by Frederick (1960) states ‘Social responsibility means businesses should
oversee the operation of an economic system that fulfils the expectation of people’. In
general while as before onset of twentieth century businesses regarded their enterprises as
private arrangement for enriching share holders evolution of CSR has changed the thinking
that businesses are a joint enterprise in which workers management consumers, locality,
government trade unions and other interested groups having stake in the business have to
make a common purpose for interest of all.

CSR in Indian Corporate Sector:

A separate Ministry of corporate Affairs has been established to take up the role of enable,
facilitator and regulator for effective functioning and growth of the corporate sector. A
number of initiatives have resulted to frame rules and regulations on the legislative service
delivery and capacity building sides to ensure smooth sustainable growth.CSR in last few
decades has progressed from simple philanthropic activities to integrating interest of the
businesses to that of the community in which it operates. Businesses have exhibited socially,
environmentally and ethically responsible behaviour in the governance 6 of its operations.
Businesses have generated and long term sustainability for itself while making positive
contribution in the betterment of the society. Despite sustained economic growth in last few
decades and global financial crisis in last decade, we have been able to adopt the path that
leads us to inclusive growth and sustainable future. Effective steps have been taken in this
path to nurture it in which all stakeholders are discharging respective responsibility. In the
decade gone by we have seen sustained economic growth but major challenges remain
especially on human side like problems of poverty, illiteracy and malnutrition. This has kept
a large section of the population away from the main stream. This left out section of the
society whose needs are to be addressed through suitable efforts and innovation. A major
effort on this front is to be discharged by the Indian business through suitable CSR efforts. A
separate ministry of corporate at Federal level have prepared voluntary guidelines which
indicate some of the core elements that businesses need to focus on while conducting the
affairs. These guidelines have been prepared after receiving valuable suggestions from trade
and industry, experts, stakeholders. Also internationally prevalent and practiced guidelines,
norms and standards in the area of CSR have been included in these guidelines. It is expected
that India incorporate will implement these guidelines and suggest refinements so as to meet
challenges that arise to take forward India to frontline of Nations. Experts within India and
abroad are of the view that twenty first century for India will be characterised by

47
unprecedented challenges and opportunities arising from globalisation. The most recent
financial upheaval has concluded that India will be fastest growing nation leaving behind
Asian giant China. The desire of inclusive development and imperatives of climate change
have created a rethink in Indian businesses. At the same time the Indian businesses is today
viewed globally a responsible component of ascendancy of India and is poised to take on a
leadership role in the challenges thrown by twenty first century global crisis. Research and
past events world over have shown that integrating social, environmental and ethical
responsibility into governance of businesses ensures long-term sustainable success and
competitiveness. Obviously this reaffirms the view that businesses are integral part of the
society and have a critical and active role to play in the sustenance and improvement of
healthy eco system, in fostering social practices and good governance. Effective CSR adopted
by socially responsible companies achieves suitable sustainable growth in their operation in
long run. Moreover there offerings i.e. good and services are preferred by the customer. The
Indian tradition of several thousand years emerging from ancient wisdom has inspired the
business people to work for the larger objective of wellbeing of all the stakeholders of their
businesses. In current context these values will help organisations grapple with the
challenges that arise out of the fulfilment of stakeholders and community at large.CSR activity
unlike earlier times are not philanthropy only but are obligations to the society to go beyond
statutory requirements/obligations. Ministry has framed guidelines which are purely
voluntary (reproduced in annexure 2 separately). These guidelines form the base for CSR
policy implementation by India Corporate and formulate a roadmap for strategic planning
which should 7 be an integral part of overall business policy and aligned with their business
goals. Guidelines being voluntary in nature, they are not intended for regulator or contractual
use. While the guidelines are meant for Indian incorporate enterprises that have a
transnational presence could benefit from using these guidelines for their overseas
operations as well.
Businesses have exhibited socially, environmentally and ethically responsible behaviour in
the governance 6 of its operations. Businesses have generated and long term sustainability
for itself while making positive contribution in the betterment of the society. Despite
sustained economic growth in last few decades and global financial crisis in last decade, we
have been able to adopt the path that leads us to inclusive growth and sustainable future.
Effective steps have been taken in this path to nurture it in which all stakeholders are
discharging respective responsibility. In the decade gone by we have seen sustained
economic growth but major challenges remain especially on human side like problems of
poverty, illiteracy and malnutrition. This has kept a large section of the population away from
the main stream. This left out section of the society whose needs are to be addressed through
suitable efforts and innovation. A major effort on this front is to be discharged by the Indian
business through suitable CSR efforts. A separate ministry of corporate at Federal level have
prepared voluntary guidelines which indicate some of the core elements that businesses
need to focus on while conducting the affairs. These guidelines have been prepared after
receiving valuable suggestions from trade and industry, experts, stakeholders. Also
internationally prevalent and practiced guidelines, norms and standards in the area of CSR

48
have been included in these guidelines. It is expected that India incorporate will implement
these guidelines and suggest refinements so as to meet challenges that arise to take forward
India to frontline of Nations. Experts within India and abroad are of the view that twenty first
century for India will be characterised by unprecedented challenges and opportunities arising
from globalisation. The most recent financial upheaval has concluded that India will be fastest
growing nation leaving behind Asian giant China. The desire of inclusive development and
imperatives of climate change have created a rethink in Indian businesses. At the same time
the Indian businesses is today viewed globally a responsible component of ascendancy of
India and is poised to take on a leadership role in the challenges thrown by twenty first
century global crisis. Research and past events world over have shown that integrating social,
environmental and ethical responsibility into governance of businesses ensures long-term
sustainable success and competitiveness
The responsibility of enterprises for their impact on society’. This meets the requirement to
integrate social, environmental, ethical, human rights, consumer concern covering interest
of all stake holders. This win-win situation which covers interest of both direct stakeholders
(Owners/Investors/Employees) as well as indirect stakeholders clarifies the terminology CSR
as Corporate Owners beyond shareholder .This has been brought out by R.E .Freeman in his
book titled strategic management- A stake holders approach. Another scholar Bowen
regards’ CSR as the obligation of the businessmen to pursue such policies which lead to the
adoption of actions supporting objectives and values of the society’. Another definition
propounded by Frederick (1960) states ‘Social responsibility means businesses should
oversee the operation of an economic system that fulfils the expectation of people’.

The factors that were responsible for evolving a coherent definition were the social problems
like economy conditions of society and impact on environment due to use of technology.
Moreover ethical factors, self regulatory mechanisms and norms and standards established
by National, International bodies resulted in framing of Laws, Corporate action plans. This
took full care of the impact of environment and interest of stakeholders like community in
the vicinity of industry, employees, investors, consumers and Nation at large.
The core theme of CSR is that the business policy, strategy and activities should result in
managing costs and benefits to both internal and external stakeholders such as workers,
investor, shareholders, community members, institutions of public governance and other
entities. However the PSUs are trying to maintain an improved view that their CSR activities
should achieve beyond compliance on voluntary basis. Three foremost international
organisations define CSR as “EC-the responsibility of enterprises for their impact on
societystates that to meet their social responsibility enterprise: should have in place a process
to integrate, social, environmental, ethical, human right, consumer concerns into their
business operations and core strategy in close collaboration with their stakeholders”. WBCD-
defines CSR

49
. In general while as before onset of twentieth century businesses regarded their enterprises
as private arrangement for enriching share holders evolution of CSR has changed the thinking
that businesses are a joint enterprise in which workers management consumers, locality,
government trade unions and other interested groups having stake in the business have to
make a common purpose for interest of all take up the role of enable, facilitator and regulator
for effective functioning and growth of the corporate sector. A number of initiatives have
resulted to frame rules and regulations on the legislative service delivery and capacity
building sides to ensure smooth sustainable growth. . It is expected that India incorporate
will implement these guidelines and suggest refinements so as to meet challenges that arise
to take forward India to frontline of Nations. Experts within India and abroad are of the view
that twenty first century for India will be characterised by unprecedented challenges and
opportunities arising from globalisation. The most recent financial upheaval has concluded
that India will be fastest growing nation leaving behind Asian giant China. The desire of
inclusive development and imperatives of climate change have created a rethink in Indian
businesses. At the same time the Indian businesses is today viewed globally a responsible
component of ascendancy of India and is poised to take on a leadership role in the challenges
thrown by twenty first century global crisis. Research and past events world over have shown
that integrating social, environmental and ethical responsibility into governance of
businesses ensures long-term sustainable success and competitiveness
A number of initiatives have resulted to frame rules and regulations on the legislative service
delivery and capacity building sides to ensure smooth sustainable growth.CSR in last few
decades has progressed from simple philanthropic activities to integrating interest of the
businesses to that of the community in which it operates.
Businesses have exhibited socially, environmentally and ethically responsible behaviour in
the governance 6 of its operations. Businesses have generated and long term sustainability
for itself while making positive contribution in the betterment of the society.
Despite sustained economic growth in last few decades and global financial crisis in last
decade, we have been able to adopt the path that leads us to inclusive growth and
sustainable future.
Effective steps have been taken in this path to nurture it in which all stakeholders are
discharging respective responsibility. In the decade gone by we have seen sustained
economic growth but major challenges remain especially on human side like problems of
poverty, illiteracy and malnutrition.
This has kept a large section of the population away from the main stream. This left out
section of the society whose needs are to be addressed through suitable efforts and
innovation. A major effort on this front is to be discharged by the Indian business through
suitable CSR efforts.
A separate ministry of corporate at Federal level have prepared voluntary guidelines which
indicate some of the core elements that businesses need to focus on while conducting the

50
affairs. These guidelines have been prepared after receiving valuable suggestions from trade
and industry, experts, stakeholders.
Also internationally prevalent and practiced guidelines, norms and standards in the area of
CSR have been included in these guidelines
Another scholar Bowen regards’ CSR as the obligation of the businessmen to pursue such
policies which lead to the adoption of actions supporting objectives and values of the society’.
Another definition propounded by Frederick (1960) states ‘Social responsibility means
businesses should oversee the operation of an economic system that fulfils the expectation
of people’.

The factors that were responsible for evolving a coherent definition were the social problems
like economy conditions of society and impact on environment due to use of technology.
Moreover ethical factors, self regulatory mechanisms and norms and standards established
by National, International bodies resulted in framing of Laws, Corporate action plans. This
took full care of the impact of environment and interest of stakeholders like community in
the vicinity of industry, employees, investors, consumers and Nation at large.
The core theme of CSR is that the business policy, strategy and activities should result in
managing costs and benefits to both internal and external stakeholders such as workers,
investor, shareholders, community members, institutions of public governance and other
entities. However the PSUs are trying to maintain an improved view that their CSR activities
should achieve beyond compliance on voluntary basis. Three foremost international
organisations define CSR as “EC-the responsibility of enterprises for their impact on
societystates that to meet their social responsibility enterprise: should have in place a process
to integrate, social, environmental, ethical, human right, consumer concerns into their
business operations and core strategy in close collaboration with their stakeholders”. WBCD-
defines CSR as “the continuing commitment by business to contribute to economic
development while improving the quality of life of the workforce and their families as well as
community and society at large”. *World business council for sustainable development
. Effective steps have been taken in this path to nurture it in which all stakeholders are
discharging respective responsibility. In the decade gone by we have seen sustained
economic growth but major challenges remain especially on human side like problems of
poverty, illiteracy and malnutrition. This has kept a large section of the population away from
the main stream. This left out section of the society whose needs are to be addressed through
suitable efforts and innovation. A major effort on this front is to be discharged by the Indian
business through suitable CSR efforts. A separate ministry of corporate at Federal level have
prepared voluntary guidelines which indicate some of the core elements that businesses
need to focus on while conducting the affairs. These guidelines have been prepared after
receiving valuable suggestions from trade and industry, experts, stakeholders. Also
internationally prevalent and practiced guidelines, norms and standards in the area of CSR
have been included in these guidelines. It is expected that India incorporate will implement
51
these guidelines and suggest refinements so as to meet challenges that arise to take forward
India to frontline of Nations. Experts within India and abroad are of the view that twenty first
century for India will be characterised by unprecedented challenges and opportunities arising
from globalisation. The most recent financial upheaval has concluded that India will be fastest
growing nation leaving behind Asian giant China. The desire of inclusive development and
imperatives of climate change have created a rethink in Indian businesses. At the same time
the Indian businesses is today viewed globally a responsible component of ascendancy of
India and is poised to take on a leadership role in the challenges thrown by twenty first
century global crisis. Research and past events world over have shown that integrating social,
environmental and ethical responsibility into governance of businesses ensures long-term
sustainable success and competitiveness.
The desire of inclusive development and imperatives of climate change have created a rethink
in Indian businesses. At the same time the Indian businesses is today viewed globally a
responsible component of ascendancy of India and is poised to take on a leadership role in
the challenges thrown by twenty first century global crisis. Research and past events world
over have shown that integrating social, environmental and ethical responsibility into
governance of businesses ensures long-term sustainable success and competitiveness
Three foremost international organisations define CSR as “EC-the responsibility of
enterprises for their impact on society-states that to meet their social responsibility
enterprise: should have in place a process to integrate, social, environmental, ethical, human
right, consumer concerns into their business operations and core strategy in close
collaboration with their stakeholders”. WBCD-defines CSR.In general while as before onset of
twentieth century businesses regarded their enterprises as private arrangement for enriching
share holders evolution of CSR has changed the thinking that businesses are a joint enterprise
in which workers management consumers, locality, government trade unions and other
interested groups having stake in the business have to make a common purpose for interest
of all take up the role of enable, facilitator and regulator for effective functioning and growth
of the corporate sector. A number of initiatives have resulted to frame rules and regulations
on the legislative service delivery and capacity building sides to ensure smooth sustainable
growth.

52
 CHAPTER-5

SUMMARY OF THE
FINDINGSCONCLUSIO
N AND
SUGGESTIONS

53
The topic was chosen in the context of present scenario, because CSR impact on social
performance in India is a subject of debate and controversy. UPA II Government succeeded
in enacting the mandatory CSR laws. In companies Act 2013 it is mandatory for all the
companies to contribute towards CSR
The major findings are Listed below
Findings
• Bangalore companies have been doing social activities at the time of its insufficient, not
after the establishment of companies Amendment 2013. But after the Act it became
mandatory for the company to disclose the records in annual reports. The Four companies
are financially strong and sound. They contribute maximum benefits towards the welfare
of the society.
• The four companies have its own CSR, policies, objectives , strategies structure, scope and
contact cell. These all shows that CSR committee work in a organized manner, which lead
to take up new initiatives and create number of social assets for the society.
• CSR Committee policy consistently work for the benefit of the society. The main social
assets created by the companies are Education, healthcare, sanitation, Rural
development , Environmental protection among different places of Karnataka.
• The companies have also created 85 and above social assets for the benefits of the
society. They are School buildings, college buildings, kitchens, toilets blocks, hospitals,
parks, drinking water tanks, bus stop etc.
• Social programmes of the companies have crossed more than 60 out of that education,
education, sanitation, rural development, healthcare and environmental protection are
the major programmes.
• Nearly 85% of the respondents strongly agrees that CSR committee members work very
conscious and in coordinated manner. Therefore there is a positive feedback that there
should be well coordinated and committed.
• Nearly 83% of the employees are satisfied with the CSR committee only 17% of the
respondents are not satisfied. There is a positive impact on the companies.
• Social cost spending of the companies has increased each year from past three years. This
shows that the companies have got high reputation and profitability due to CSR activities.
• Social benefits have been considered as key benefits out of many social programmes, they
are education 96.25%, Healthcare 90% sanitation 87.5%, drinking water 66.25% Toilet
facilities 29.27%, Vocational skill development 46.87%, Rural development 76.25%, and
Environmental protection 66.25%
• The four companies in Bangalore CSR initiatives are serving different categories of
beneficiaries. 86.25% are benefited by the school and the college students, 90.62%
benefits are given to the patients in different hospitals,75% benefits are given to the staff
members, 61.25% benefits are given to the village people, 76.87% benefits are taken by
public in general and 38.75% are benefits are given to the farmers.

54
• CSR committee provides various social; programmes to the needy grass root people to
uplift their standard of living. The impact of social programmes of the companies are
93.75% for education, 93.75% for healthcare, 63.755 towards sanitation, 59.37% towards
water, 17.10% towards toilet facilities, 67.50% to vocational skilldevelopment,75,62% to
rural development, 70.62% to environmental
• protection, 43.75% to sports and 34.37% towards rainwater harvesting

55
CONCLUSION
“Man may come and man may go but the companies goes on for ever” India has a long rich
history of close business involvement in social causes for national development. CSR is known
from ancient time as social duty or charity, which through different ages is changing its nature
in broader aspect, now generally known as CSR. From the origin of business, which leads
towards excess wealth, social and environmental issues have deep roots in the history of
business. India has had a long tradition of corporate philanthropy and industrial welfare has
been put to practice since late 1800s. Historically, the philanthropy of business people in India
has resembled western philanthropy in being rooted in religious belief. Business practices in
the 1900s that could be termed socially responsible took different forms: philanthropic
donations to charity, service to the community, enhancing employee welfare and promoting
religious conduct.
Corporations may give funds to charitable or educational institutions and may argue for them
as great humanitarian deeds, when in fact they are simply trying to buy community good will.
The ideology of CSR in the 1950s was primarily based on an assumption of the obligation of
business to society. CSR are playing a vital role for the development of the social performance
of organization. Social performances are equivalent opportunities in the organization like
financial performance, economical performance and social performance so on. Society
includes the domestic people who help directly or indirectly for the development of the
society. The organisation revenue not only depends on external players but also the internal
players .I f the companies are not going to satisfy the society, it has very tuff time for the long
run survival. Hence effective CSR must be established in the organization to take care of Social
Responsibilities, when social responsibilities increases organizational performance also
increases.
The four companies have created so many social assets for the welfare of the society that
have created social benefits for the companies in the form of reputation, value creation,
trustworthy and increases in the sale like this many advantages are due to CSR initiative
implementation. These companies shows the real cause for the development of the society
and our economy, led this good work Gods work continue forever
. According to Mahatma Gandhi views about the trusteeship of the business when he says
“Each capitalist and industrialist should considered himself to be a trustee of the wealth that
he possess. He should consider himself to be a custodian of the industry resources, labour
and wealth that he uses for his business purposes,
That would transform the capitalist order of the society into an egalitarian one, where the ‘
greatest good for all’ could be achieved”. RIL is regarded as most promising private sector
Company in CSR .They have allocated an expenditure 3.24% after taxes which is higher than
the stipulated Company act norms. It has annual revenue of 4 lac crores a year back spending
more than 1000 crores on CSR activities.RIL along with Tata motors & Tata steel have been
adjudged as the most admired companies for their CSR initiatives by Nelson survey. Being a

56
private organisation headed by one of the largest share holder’s decision making is quicker
and follow up is persuasive till results are reached.

57
SUGGESTIONS
• To make the companies employees to become aware of the benefits they can reap from
the CSR activities.
• To allow the public to compare CSR activities and to generate public awareness to
outstanding devotion to CSR. This will help to create win –win situation for the
corporation which actively participate into CSR on one side and social environment on the
other side.
• There is little or no knowledge about CSR within the local communities. Therefore the
companies must put a serious efforts to spread awareness about CSR.
• Appropriate steps should be undertaken to address the issue of building effective bridges
amongst all important stakeholders for the successful implementation of CSR activities.
• The companies should rural old age homes with food and accommodation facilities.
• The companies should provide scholarships , educational loan, and some hostel facilities
at grass root level.
• The companies should concentrate further more on safe drinking water and hygiene toilet
facilities.
• The companies should concentrate on organic farming.
• In Rural development programme much importance should be givenby the companies.
• Well equipped veterinary hospitals should be constructed in villages that helps the
illiterate farmers to take care of the animals.

58