Cyber-Physical Systems

Introduction

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Pre-Requisite
Ø Programming at the Hardware Software Interface
Ø Signals & Systems
Ø The students are expected to be comfortable in
§ Unix/Linux environment
§ Circuits

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Textbooks
Ø Required:
§ Edward A. Lee and Sanjit A. Seshia, "Introduction to Embedded Systems, A
Cyber-Physical Systems Approach", Second Edition, MIT Press, ISBN 978-0-262-
53381-2, 2017, available for download [http://leeseshia.org/]
Ø Highly Recommended:
§ Derek Molloy, "Exploring Raspberry Pi: Interfacing to the Real World with
Embedded Linux", Wiley, ISBN 978-1-119-18868-1, 2016.
Ø Reference:
§ Rajeev Alur, "Principles of Cyber-Physical Systems", MIT Press
§ Danda B. Rawat, Joel J.P.C. Rodrigues, Ivan Stojmenovic, "Cyber-Physical
Systems: From Theory to Practice", CRC Press
Slides in this course will be taken from these books.
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Assignments & Grading
Ø Assignments
§ No late assignments will be accepted.
§ All assignments are due by 11:59PM on the due date in Blackboard.
§ Re-grading requests will be considered for up to 5 business days after posting the grades for the
corresponding assignment.

Ø Grading
§ Labs (Pre and post-completion) - 10%
§ Homeworks - 15%
§ Midterm - 25%
§ Project Proposal - 2%
§ Midterm Project Assessment – 8%
§ Final Project -40%
o [Model: 20%, Design - 20%, Analysis - 20%, Written Report - 20%, Final Presentation - 20%]

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Lab
Ø Hardware:
§ Loan Raspberry Pi Kit
§ Purchase Sensor Kit (Adeept or Amazon)
§ Use Lab Manual to setup Headless Raspberry Pi
Ø Software:
§ Bash script, Python and C/C++
§ Raspberry Pi OS

2017 Embedded Markets Study

Language used in embedded projects
eetimes
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Project
Ø This is not a research project
Ø Expected to use model, design and analysis (not just design)
Ø Discuss with instructor for technical plan with realistic
timelines

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Project Hardware
Ø Set of components from your lab kit

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Project Ideas
Ø https://www.raspberrypi.org/magpi/
Ø https://blog.adafruit.com/category/raspberry-pi/

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Academic Integrity
Ø Standards of Academic Integrity
§ https://www.albany.edu/studentconduct/27179.php

Ø Academic Dishonesty
§ Plagiarism, Cheating on examinations, unauthorized collaboration, etc.

Ø Practicing Academic Integrity

§ Citation

Ø Penalties for Violation

§ Zero in the assignment, lowering grade, failing grade, VAIR will be submitted
§ You can appeal to the department committee
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What is Plagiarism?
Ø Getting help from the Internet and not cite it
Ø Asking someone else to write the code for you
Ø Copying your friend’s code – both the students
are involved in plagiarism

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In Class Decorum
Ø Mask is required for both lecture and lab sessions
throughout the semester
Ø No water or food in class
Ø No use of phones or laptops in class
Ø Computers will be used ONLY during lab session
Ø No crosstalk
Ø Attendance is not mandatory

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Why this course?

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Hype Cycle
Ø gartner.com

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Hype Cycle 2018

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About the Term
Ø The term “cyber-physical systems” emerged in
2006, coined by Helen Gill at the National
Science Foundation in the US.

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NSF’s Definition of CPS
Ø Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are engineered systems that are
built from, and depend upon, the seamless integration of
computation and physical components.
Ø Advances in CPS will enable capability, adaptability,
scalability, resiliency, safety, security, and usability that will
expand the horizons of these critical systems.
Ø CPS technologies are transforming the way people interact
with engineered systems, just as the Internet has transformed
the way people interact with information.

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Application Domains – major societal impact
Ø Agriculture, Aeronautics, Building design, Civil
infrastructure, energy, environmental quality,
healthcare and personalized medicine,
Manufacturing, and transportation.

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 Biomedical
CPS Energy

Ø Cyber + Physical
Ø Computation + Avionics

Dynamics + Military

Communication
Ø Security + Safety
Buildings

Manufacturing

Automotive 29
Contradictions in CPS
Ø Adaptability vs. Repeatability
Ø High connectivity vs. Security and Privacy
Ø High performance vs. Low Energy
Ø Asynchrony vs. Coordination/Cooperation
Ø Scalability vs. Reliability and Predictability
Ø Laws and Regulations vs. Technical Possibilities
Ø Economies of scale (cloud) vs. Locality (fog)
Ø Open vs. Proprietary
Ø Algorithms vs. Dynamics
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Challenges of Working in a Multidisciplinary Area

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Challenges of Working in a Multidisciplinary Area

Small Computer

Connected
Network Industrial System
Big Complex
System

Advanced Robot
Manufacturing 32
Automotive CPS
Ø Safer Transportation
Ø Reduced Emissions
Ø Smart Transportation
Ø Energy Efficiency
Ø Climate Change
Ø Human-Robot Collaboration

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Example CPS System
Ø STARMAC Quadrotor Aircraft

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STARMAC Design Block

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What is this course about?
Ø A scientific structured approach to designing and
implementing embedded systems
Ø Not just hacking and implementing
Ø Focus on model-based system design, on
embedded hardware and software

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Model, Design & Analysis
ØModeling is the process of gaining a deeper
understanding of a system through imitation. Models
specify what a system does.

ØDesign is the structured creation of artifacts. It

specifies how a system does what it does. This
includes optimization.

ØAnalysis is the process of gaining a deeper

understanding of a system through dissection. It
specifies why a system does what it does (or fails to
do what a model says it should do).

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Textbook

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