Scribd
Upload
34 views3 pages

Uniform Continuity: 1 Last Time

Uniform continuity is a stronger condition than continuity. A function is uniformly continuous on a domain if there exists a single δ value that works for all points in the domain, not just a single point. The document proves that any continuous function on a closed interval is uniformly continuous on that interval. It also shows that a function is uniformly continuous on an open interval if and only if it has a continuous extension to the closed interval.

Uploaded by

Jean Rene
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
34 views3 pages

Uniform Continuity: 1 Last Time

Uniform continuity is a stronger condition than continuity. A function is uniformly continuous on a domain if there exists a single δ value that works for all points in the domain, not just a single point. The document proves that any continuous function on a closed interval is uniformly continuous on that interval. It also shows that a function is uniformly continuous on an open interval if and only if it has a continuous extension to the closed interval.

Uploaded by

Jean Rene
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Uniform Continuity

Adrian Down 16779577 July 9, 2005

Last Time

Continuous functions on a closed interval: a function has a max and min on a closed interval, but not an open. The IVT applies on any interval.

Uniform Continuity

Recall: a function is continuous on dom(f ) if x0 dom(f ), the following holds: > 0, > 0 such that |x x0 | < |f (x) f (x0 )| < Note that can depend on and also on x0 . 1 Example: 1) f (x) = x on (0, 1). Fix x0 (0, 1). Let > 0 be given. Let 2 = min{ |x0 | , |x20 | }. If |x0 x| < , then |x x0 | < |x0 | |x| > |x0 | . Also 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 |x x0 | < |x20 | | x x0 | = |x0 x| < |x20 | |x0 |1 < . Note that depends |x||x0 | on the choice of x0 . 2) f (x) = x2 on [1, 1]. Fix x0 [1, 1]. Given > 0, want such that |xx0 | < |x2 x2 | < . |x2 x2 | = |xx0 ||x+x0 |. |x+x0 | |x0 |+|x| 0 0 1 + 1 = 2. Let = 2 , |x x0 | < |x x0 | < 2 |x x0 ||x + x0 | < 2 2 = Def: if f is a function on a set S R, we say that f is uniformly continuous on S if > 0, > 0 such that if x, y S with |x y| < , then |f (x) f (y)| < . Idea: Just like continuity, but same works for all x S. Notes: 1) f uniformly continuous on S f is continuous on S. 2) If f is uniformly continuous on S and T S, then f is uniformly continuous on T . 3) Always need to refer to S R. Uniform continuity makes no sense without reference to the set. 1
2

|x0 |

So f (x) = x2 is uniformly continuous on [1, 1]. There is nothing special about this interval. Works for any closed interval. Thm: if f is continuous on a closed interval [a, b], then f is uniformly continuous on [a, b]. Pf: Let f be continuous on [a, b]. Assume f is not uniformly continuous on [a, b]. So > 0 such that > 0, x, y [a, b] such that |x y| < but |f (x) f (y)| . 1 1 Given any n N , let = n . xn , yn [a, b] such that |xn yn | < n but |f (xn ) f (yn )| . By the BW trick, a convergent subsequence (xnk ) with 1 1 lim xnk = x0 [a, b]. Note that |xnk ynk | < nk , k xnk nk < ynk < 1 xnk + nk by the squeeze theorem, lim ynk = x0 . By continuity, f (x0 ) = lim f (xnk ) = lim f (ynk ). Thus the limit of their dierence lim |f (xnk ) f (ynk )| = 0, a contradiction, since we said it was greater than , k.

Why we care about Uniform Continuity

1) Giving a uniform estimate or bound on the steepness of a function f on S. Any two points within a distance can only have images that are at most far apart. 2) Also, a uniformly continuous functions preserves Cauchy sequences on S. 3) Useful for extending domains. 4) Riemann integration Thm: if f is uniformly continuous on a set S and sn is a Cauchy sequence in S, then f (sn ) is a Cauchy sequence. Pf: let > 0. f is uniformly continuous on S > 0 such that |x y| < |f (x) f (y)| < . (sn ) is Cauchy N N such that m, n > N |sn sm | < , sn , sm S, n, m. So m, n > N |f (sm ) f (sn )| < . Therefor f (sn ) is Cauchy. Gives an easy test for the negation of uniform continuity. For example, 1 f (x)on(0, 1), sn = n2 . sn is Cauchy, but f (sn ) = n2 is not Cauchy. Note that there is no choice of f (0) that makes f continuous on [0, 1]. Thm: a function f is uniformly continuous on an open interval S = (a, b) if and only if a function f that is continuous on the closed interval [a, b] such that f = f, x (a, b) (when this happens, call f the continuous extension of f ).

Pf: if f exists, then f continuous on [a, b] f uniformly continuous on [a, b] f is uniformly continuous on (a, b) [a, b] f is uniformly continuous on (a, b). Assume f is uniformly continuous on (a, b). We want to make the proper 1 extension that is continuous at the endpoints. Let sn be the sequence a + n (any sequence going to a will do), sn (a, b), n and lim sn = a sn is Cauchy in (a, b). by previous thm, f (sn ) is Cauchy (f (sn )) converges, let f (a) = lim f (sn ). Now we have to consider any other sequence converging to a, since we only did a particular one. have to show that lim f (tn ) = f (a). Let un be the sequence obtained by interleaving sn and tn . Let (un ) = (s1 , t1 , s2 , t2 , . . .), > 0N1 , N2 such that n > N1 |sn a| < and n > N2 |tn a| < . If n > 2 max{N1 , N2 } either n is even un = tk , k = n or n is odd 2 uk = sk , k = n+1 , k > max{N1 , N2 } |un a| < . So lim un = a un 2 is Cauchy f (un ) is Cauchy lim f (un ) = y. But sn is a subsequence of un , so f (sn ) is a subsequence of f (un ). Since f (un ) is convergent, f (sn ) must be convergent, f (a) = y. by same argument, tn is a subsequence of un f (tn ) is a subsequence of f (un ) lim f (tn ) = y = f (a). so f is continuous at x = a.

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy