3rd International Conference on Communication and Information Processing (ICCIP-2021)

Available on: SSRN

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Arduino Based Security and Safety Utilities

Udayraj Patil, Rakesh Tiwari, Nikhil Patil, Kundansing Kayate, Sayali Chavhan,
Vinayak Panire and Prof. Ganesh Lohoted
Department of Electrical Engineering JSPM’s BSIOTR, Wagholi, Pune-412207, India
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Abstract

This paper reports two low cost, low weight and efficient security and safely utilities using Arduino. The
first one is a Fingerprint door lock system. The Arduino-based Door Access System is designed to
address the problems with existing systems in terms of its upgrades and maintenance. A Fingerprint
scanner is input and the output, on the other hand, is a magnetic Solenoid lock. As when an authorized
person puts his/her finger on the fingerprint sensor the door will only open for that authorized person
whose fingerprint is matched with the stored fingerprint. The second system is a radical system for
monitoring of fish plates with help of relays and real time signaling by detecting plate’s removal. The
proposed system records the trains on an equivalent track using the IR module. IR module interfaced
with an ARDUINO board reads the geographical coordinates of the train’s position in order that the
trains are often halted by applying emergency brakes and sending signals to both the train brake and
control rooms.

Keywords- Arduino UNO; Fingerprint sensor; Security System; Authorization, IR sensor, GPS

©2021 –Authors.

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Case Study-I: Fingerprint Door Lock System
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1. Introduction

Security in the office/corporate world is a big concern for everyone these days, whether they are away from
home or at home. Protection services are one of the most important issues in today's busy dynamic society,
where humans are unable to provide security for their private belongings manually. Instead, he comes up with
a different approach that provides faster, more dependable and atomized protection. This is an age in which
everyone is linked through the internet, and everyone can access information from anywhere on the planet.

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2

As a result, the possibility of having one's information stolen is a significant concern. Because of these
dangers, it's critical to provide some kind of personal identity to enter one's info. Personal identity is becoming
increasingly relevant in today's world. We mainly see password and identity card strategies among
mainstream personal identification approaches. However, passwords are now easily hacked, and identity cards
can be misplaced, rendering these approaches ineffective [3] [4].
Certain cases are very aggravating, such as when a person locks himself out of his home or office and leaves
his key inside, or when a robber simply breaks the lock and takes everything. People who use a manual door
lock or keys are still troubled by circumstances like this. In other cases, some people are responsible for
locking up houses or offices and holding the keys secure. However, there are occasions where the person in
possession of the keys is unable or has gone through an emergency routine, which may trigger an unwelcome
interruption for those who need the key immediately.

These are only a few of the problems that people can encounter while using keys or smart cards. That's where
our fingerprint-based lock scheme comes in handy. Our architecture is applied to offer greater security so
users do not need to recall passwords or carry around keys or cards that are often misplaced. If a person's
fingerprint is approved in the device, he will not experience any delays when entering a room.

Fingerprint recognition is one of the most reliable technologies and no two people's fingerprints are identical.
Unauthorized access can thus be limited by creating a lock that stores the fingerprints of one or more
registered users and unlocks the system only when a match is made. Since the skin on our palms and soles has
a flow-like pattern of ridges on each fingertip that is distinctive and immutable, biometric authorization proves
to be one of the best characteristics. As a result, fingerprints are a one-of-a-kind form of identification for all.
The use of fingerprint scanners in recent hand-held gadgets such as cell phones and laptops demonstrates their
success and reliability [5][6].

In this case study we are introducing firstly the block diagram of our system Fingerprint Door Lock System by
Using Arduino in that also we are briefly introducing the components of our system such as fingerprint sensor,
Arduino UNO[11], Solenoid Lock[12], TIP122 Transistor with their specifications. In secondly we are
introducing a Flowchart of our system. In the flowchart of our system, the working procedure of our system is
shown in good graphical format. Then next we have discussed the working methodology of our system
Fingerprint Door Lock System by Using Arduino is briefly introduced with the neat diagram. Then we
discussed the Result of our system and then at the last conclusion with the future scope.

2. Functional Block Diagram

a. Fingerprint Sensor

A fingerprint scanner scans the fingerprint of humans. Its function is to capture the human fingerprint. In this
project the Adafruit fingerprint scanner used can cater up to 162 fingerprints. The Adafruit fingerprint sensor
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 3
has on board flash memory size of 512bytes in that the scanned fingerprint is stored. [2]
Specifications:
1. Supply voltage – 3.6v – 6v dc.
2. Operating Current – 120 mA.
3. Peak Current – 150 mA.
4. Fingerprint imaging time - < 1 sec.
5. Working temperature rate – -20 to +50 degree.

ARDUINO UNO SOLENOID LOCK

FINGERPRINT SENSOR

POWER SUPPLY

Fig.1.Functional Block Diagram

b. Arduino UNO:

Arduino is a single-board microcontroller-based open-source physical computing platform. When there are
inputs and outputs that need to work together, Arduino is used [1]. It is used to monitor the output in response
to the input commands, such as switching on or off a light or motor. Wiring is the integrated development
environment used by the Arduino programming language (IDE) and a single board microcontroller. The
language can be expanded through C libraries [10].

Specifications:
(a) RAM size – 2048 bytes.
(b) I/O Lines – 20.
(c) Max current on I/O pins – 40 mA.
(d) Min operating voltage – 7v.
(e) Max operating voltage – 12v.
(f) Processor – ATmega 328/16 MHz

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4

c. Solenoid Lock:

A solenoid lock is a latch that allows you to lock and unlock the door using electricity. It comes in two
variations: unlocking in power-on mode and locking and holding in power-on mode, each of which can be
used selectively for different situations. While the solenoid is turned on, the power-on locking style will lock a
door. The door is opened if the electricity is turned on.

Specifications:
1. Operating voltage – 12v dc.
2. Draws 650 mA at 12v and 550 mA at 9v when activated.
3. Designed for 1 to 10 sec long activation time.
d. TIP122 Transistor:

The TIP122 is an NPN transistor with a Darlington pair. It behaves similarly to a standard NPN transistor,
except since it contains a Darlington pair, it has a high collector current rating of about 5A and a gain of about
1000. It can also tolerate 100V through its collector-emitter, making it suitable for driving heavy loads.

3. Flowchart of the System

Fig.2.Flowchart of the system

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4. Working Methodology

Step 1 Step 2 Step 3

Arduino Solenoid Lock

Programming
Fingerprint Scanner

System will identify the Allow only authorized

Scans User fingerprint and search any person to enter
Fingerprints match ID with fingerprint
minutiae

The working methodology of the system Fingerprint Door Lock by using Arduino is given in the above
figure. As per the above-shown figure in the first step user have to put his fingerprint on the fingerprint
sensor then the sensor will capture the image of that fingerprint and then will send it to the Arduino. After
capturing that image the Arduino will compare that image with the previously stored images by using
programming, then after comparing the image the solenoid lock will activate when the user fingerprint will
match with the previously stored images. That’s then only authorized person will enter the room. When an
unauthorized person put the finger on the fingerprint sensor then the fingerprint sensor will capture the
image of the fingerprint and send it to Arduino as his image will not match with the previously stored
images hence the solenoid lock will remain inactive and the unauthorized person will not be allowed to
enter the room.

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5. RESULT:

In this case study Fingerprint Door Lock System by Using Arduino prototype is designed and tested. The
system runs on Arduino UNO Board. Arduino IDE software is used to run the program and this is free
software, thus it makes the system simpler and cost effective. We have tested it with authorized fingerprints
that it should allow the authorized person only as shown in the above image and also tested with an
unauthorized person that it should not allow that unauthorized person [9]. The complexity of the circuit is
reduced in this system; the cost of the system is reduced. The efficiency of the system is improved. The
system security is improved.
We tried to resolve the problem of door security in this article by integrating the concept of biometrics with
the door lock. As a result, we're incorporating a system that locks or unlocks a door using fingerprints as a
one-of-a-kind key. We've covered the different modules we'll need to complete our project with Arduino,
including the project's hardware and software requirements. We've gone through a several research papers
and given short summaries on each, and after reviewing the papers, we've invented an algorithm for how our
method could work.
This project has many of the future scopes for developing a very high-security system. We can use this
type of access control system in many areas such as Bank Locker system, Car ignition system, Punch Card
system, Electronic safe for vehicles, to secure some important section in the company and also in
government offices, etc.

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Case Study-2: Railway Anti-Collision System

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1. Introduction

Transport is extremely important to hold the passengers and goods from one place to a different. Better
transport results in increased rate of trade. Economic level is very hooked in to increasing the capacity and
quality of transport. In recent years, many passenger and goods train have derailed or suffered from collisions
thanks to damages in rails .The damages to tracks are predominantly thanks to missing fish plate’s accounts
for the utmost number of such cases [13] People intentionally or unintentionally remove fish plates for some
monetary benefits. Different terrorist have also been involved in such detrimental activities. In other cases
trains collide one another and resulting in huge loss of life and commodity. [14]
In all transport systems, particularly within the case of railways, safety and reliability are highly
considered. In recent years, with the event of high speed railway, speed and capability of the trains constantly
improved, and traffic density gets more and more serious. As a result the wants to the reliability and safety of
the high speed train operation enhances increasingly. Safety of high speed railway is depends on its
surrounding environment. The amount of collision connected railway accidents shows world-wide an
increasing tendency year by year.[15]
Within the technical literature only a few number of publications are often found that are handling
investigations into the train collision processes to predict the extent of forces and deformations realizing
within the course of accidental collisions/crashes. The shortage of the literature sources are often explained by
the extremely complicated character of the dynamics of train crashes. The paper takes an effort to develop an
iterative computation method for predicting the dynamics of train collisions/crashes. The train safety has been
a problem with the increasing number of incidents being reported that has caused death and injury. Majority of
deaths on the railway involve third parties with the incursion onto the extent crossings. Average train accident
would cost many Indian rupees and these are often avoided if there's a mechanism to trace the train location
and speed and warn the locomotive drivers about possible questions of safety. [16]

2.1 Objective

1) To Maintain Continuity of provide

2) Real time observation.
3) It will able to find The Faults.
4) Monitoring Multiple Trains Sitting In associate degree workplace is feasible.

2.2 Literature Review

Nowadays within the current railway systems, it's turning into necessary to own safety components so as to
avoid accidents.

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The causes which will provoke serious accidents is that the existence of obstacles on the tracks, either
mounted or mobile. This project deals concerning one amongst the economic strategies to avoid train collision
and obstacle detection. So, this issue becomes our priority to unravel it. The system that we have a tendency to
area unit proposing helps to beat this social downside faced in virtually each town of Asian country.
A key side of our project is to spot a crack in an exceedingly track, and to alert the workplace at the exact
same movement. The system sets AN example on a way to use sensors and GPS with efficiency for railway
track crack detection and therefore the technology are often used at domestic and at industrial places with
future vision. Instead of victimization manual methodology of crack detection, the employment of this
methodology helps in economical and quick management of crack detection in track. Additionally the
individual observance workplace can gets instant data regarding crack detection which can additionally cut
back unwanted employment on them. so key side to stay our town secured from the accidents caused by
improper and unmaintained track.

3.1 The Methodology:

In this project we tend to area unit primarily concentrating on the safe transportation of train with none
collision. The accidents primarily happens thanks to breakage of track, head on and nates collision, obstacle
detection, automatic path modification, locating train location. We tend to use Arduino Uno board for putting
in programs for each transmitter and receiver section, IR sensors area unit used for transmission of signal,
supersonic sensors area unit used for obstacle detection. Power relay area unit placed within the track if the
break of track leads breaking of circuit that alerts train through IR sensors with the precise location of crack
within the track and mechanically stops the train, supersonic sensors area unit used for obstacle sensing and
conjointly avoids the top on and nates collision, supersonic sensors emits the waves and detects the article
distance, if the article distance is lesser than the protection distance worth it mechanically decrease the speed
of train and at last it stops. IR sensors area unit placed for locating the train location and it's monitored on
show, this helps within the correct location of each trains and it avoids collision of the trains. Servo motor is
employed for the track dynamic mechanism, sensors area unit placed within the tracks it detects the train
presence within the track and signal is shipped to the system, and railroad switch is connected to the servo
motor that rotates motor at a specific angle results in the track modification and different train is emotional to
secondary track. It results in the decrease of man power and conjointly the human error.

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 Fig. Block Diagram of Transmitter Section

Fig. Block Diagram of Transmitter Section

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4. Advantages

1) Establish management structure supported performance analysis and watching method.

2) Enhance the proportion of potency.
3) Facility to send alerts/warnings to explicit train drivers on doable collisions, mischance through the
system.

The main import of the project is to forestall train collisions. By mistreatment this project several human lives
is saved. This project will add any part conditions. With none human involvement the trains can mechanically
stops. Through this innovative technique of early sensing of any doable collision state of affairs and avoiding
it therefrom, we tend to demonstrate that it's a doable thanks to improve the general safety of the line in Asian
nation. We tend to believe that success depends on each the railway business. In future we will GPS
MODULE. Therefore we will trace the situation mechanically. The Project gives on the way to use wireless
network for Railway Track Crack detection and therefore the technology is used at any places with future
vision. Rather than manual technique of crack detection an additional advanced measuring instrument device
square measure compatible technology is used.

Conclusions

The paper reports two Arduino Based Security and Safety Utilities. Each design is supported with its tailed
design specifications, working principals, flowchart and functional block diagrams. The results and its
analysis shows that the proposed systems are the best candidates in its segments. If commercially develop,
the proposed prototypes will be a boon to the mankind.

References

[1] https://web.archive.org/web/20180403132515/http://www.princeton.edu/~ffab/mediadownloads_
files/IntroArduinoBook.pdf
[2] https://www.adafruit.com/product/751
[3] https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343524392_Fingerprint_Based_Door_Access_System_usin
g_Arduino
[4] Meenakshi N, Monish M, Dikshit KJ, Bharath S. Arduino Based Smart Fingerprint
Authentication System. In2019 1st International Conference on Innovations in Information and
Communication Technology (ICIICT) 2019 Apr 25 (pp. 1-7). IEEE.
[5] Baidya J, Saha T, Moyashir R, Palit R. Design and implementation of a fingerprint based lock system
for shared access. In2017 IEEE 7th Annual Computing and Communication Workshop and
Conference (CCWC) 2017 Jan 9 (pp. 1-6). IEEE
[6] A. Aditya Shankar, “Finger Print Based Door Locking System”, IJECS Volume 4 Issue 3 March,
2015 ISSN: 2319-7242.
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Short Message Service” Lecture Notes on Software Engine erring, Vol. 4, No. 2, May2016
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[9] https://maker.pro/arduino/projects/how-to-create-a-fingerprint-reading-door-lock-system-with-an-
arduino-uno

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[10] https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/electronicprojects/arduino-fingerprint-security-lockc4e5b3
?ref=user&ref_id=1012943&offset=0
[11] https://www.creativitybuzz.org/make-arduino-fingerprint-lock/
[12] https://www.rhydolabz.com/miscellaneous-miscellaneous-c-205_82/12v-solenoid-lock-p-2327.html
[13] Wheeler, “Commercial Applications of Wireless Sensor Networks using ZigBee”, IEEE
CommunicationsMagazine, April 2007.
[14] http://www.ikalogic.com/ir_prox_sensors.php
[15] Somprakash Bandhopadhyay, Pradeep Ghosh, Anural D ,’GPS based Vehicular Collision Warning
Systemusing IEEE 802.15.4 MAC/PHY Standard’.B
[16] Christo Ananth, S.Shafiqa Shalaysha, M.Vaishnavi, J.Sasi Rabiyathul Sabena, A.P.L.Sangeetha,
M.Santhi, “Realtime Monitoring Of Cardiac Patients At Distance Using Tarang Communication”,
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3,September 2014,pp15-20
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Mr.Udayraj Santosh Patil
He completed HSC from Dr.Chandrabhanu Sonawane College, Ukk in 2017. Now he is
currently pursuing degree in Electrical Engineering from JSPM’s Bhivarabai Sawant
Institute of Technology & Research, Wagholi-Pune, India in Savitribai Phule Pune
University.

Mr. Rakesh Omprakash Tiwari

He completed Diploma in Electrical Engineering from G.H.Raisoni institute of engineering
in 2018. Now he is currently pursuing degree in Electrical Engineering from JSPM’s
Bhivarabai Sawant Institute of Technology & Research, Wagholi-Pune in Savitribai Phule
Pune University.

Mr. Nikhil Pralhad Patil

He completed Diploma in Electrical Engineering from Government Polytechnic Sholapur in
2018. Now he is currently pursuing degree in Electrical Engineering from JSPM’s
Bhivarabai Sawant Institute of Technology & Research, Wagholi-Pune in Savitribai Phule
Pune University.

Mr. Kundansing S. Kayate

He has completed Diploma in Electrical Engineering from Government Polytechnic Pune,
an autonomous Institute of Government of Maharashtra in 2017. Now he is currently
pursuing degree in Electrical Engineering from JSPM’s Bhivarabai Sawant Institute of
Technology & Research, Wagholi Pune in Savitribai Phule Pune University.

Ms. Sayali V. Chavhan

She has completed Diploma in Electrical Engineering from Government Polytechnic
Yavatmal in 2018. Now she is currently pursuing degree in Electrical Engineering from
JSPM’s Bhivarabai Sawant Institute of Technology & Research, Wagholi Pune in
Savitribai Phule Pune University.

Mr. Vinayak M. Panire

He has completed HSC in R.R. Shinde Junior College, Pune of Maharashtra. Currently he is
studying in Electrical Engineering of JSPM’s Bhivarabai Sawant Institute of Technology &
Research, Wagholi, Pune in Savitribai Phule Pune University.

Prof. Ganesh Ramdas Lohote

He received M.E. degree in Electrical Power System from GHRIET, Wagholi, Pune, India
and B.E. from Government College of engineering Jargon, India. Currently he is working as
an Assistant Professor in JSPM’s BSIOTR Wagholi-Pune, India. He has total working
experience of 8 years. His research area includes electrical machines, power system etc.

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