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Impact of An Organic Molecule On The Environment

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26 views4 pages

Impact of An Organic Molecule On The Environment

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deadzzzzzzzzzzzz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Group 9: Irfan, Salim, Satyam & Group Coordinator- Vishwa Shah

1. Explain that 17β-estradiol is an organic molecule and write down the


types of functional groups present in the molecule.
- It is an organic molecule as it contains hydrocarbon chains.
- It has two hydroxyl groups, one at the C3 position and the other at the
17β position, as well as three double bonds in the A ring. Due to its
two hydroxyl groups, estradiol is often abbreviated as E2.

Link:
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Estradiol#section=InChI
-Key
- Estradiol is considered to be a steroid lipid molecule produced by the
ovaries for the development of sexual characteristics in females.
Group 9: Irfan, Salim, Satyam & Group Coordinator- Vishwa Shah

2. Describe the experimental setup the scientists chose to investigate the


impact of 17βestradiol on a fish population.
- The Experiment was conducted on an undisturbed watershed at the
experimental Lake area.
- The lake has a 34 ha and a maximum depth of 14 m
- It contains naturally reproducing populations of lake trout, white sucker,
pearl dace, and fathead minnow, as well as several other small-bodied fish
species.
- 2 lakes were studied for 2 years before EE2(17-αethynylestradiol) was
added to the lake.
- 3 years while the experimental lake was being modified, and 2 years after
the additions were stopped.
- EE2 was added to the lake three times weekly. This continued for 20-21
weeks.
- The required mass of EE2 was dissolved in 30 ml of DIG-grade methanol
and added to the propeller wash of the boat as it drove in transects across the
lake for each EE2 addition.
Method of observing impacts on fathead minnow gonadal development:
- Fathered minnow gonadal expamined best in spring season.
- Each year Gonads were mature and not got affected by asynchronous.
- Whole fish were euthanized, immersed in Bouin’s solution.
- For further process used standard histology techniques.
Method of observing impact of the experiment on the population:
- In the fall of each of the 7 years, index trap netting and minnow traps were
used to examine changes in the fathead minnow population size and
structure in the lakes.
Group 9: Irfan, Salim, Satyam & Group Coordinator- Vishwa Shah

- At least three trap nets were set in each lake in September and fished for 7 to
33 days in a row; nets were emptied every 2–3 days.
- CPUE data from fall minnow trapping were also derived for Lakes 260 and
442 and compared to CPUE data from fall trap netting.

3. Sum up the results found by the scientists with regard to vitellogenin


concentration in the fish, change of gonadal tissue and size of the
population.
- Females usually don’t break down the synthetic estrogen and thus it is
discharged into natural waters, which affects the marine life.
- A 7-year old experiment was conducted in a lake to test the effects of 17-α
ethynylestradiol on Pimephales promelas. 17-αethynylestradiol was used as
it is a type of estrogen which us used in birth-control pills.
- When there were low concentrations (5–6 ngL^-1) of 17-αethynylestradiol
in the water, Pimephales promelas (fish species) gained feminine
characteristics through the production of vitellogenin mRNA and protein.
Vitellogenin is actually a protein which is normally synthesized by the
female.
- During the first seven weeks of putting 17-αethynylestradiol, Vitellogenin
concentrations increased in both the genders.
- Moreover, the magnitude of Vitellogenin concentrations was thrice in males
then the control variables. And same for females too.
- The results were that there was the impact on the gonadal development in
the males and changes in oogenesis in females. EE2 additions displayed
delayed spermatogenesis, widespread fibrosis, and malformations of the
tubules.
Group 9: Irfan, Salim, Satyam & Group Coordinator- Vishwa Shah

- Males also showed less fertilization rate due to less sperm count.
- At last, there was an extinction of these fish species in the lake.

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