Text

Cassava is the staple food of million people in Africa, Asia south and central America. Its swollen
tuberous root can be boiled and mashed or grated to produce meal known as ‘Farinha’ in Brazil an ‘garri’ in
Nigeria, which can be cooked in small cake. The root is also the source of manufactured commodity, tapioca. A
small planted will Cassava can be insurance againts famine. Because the crop can be left in the ground for two or
three years without deterioration of the tubers. But recent findingssuggestt that Cassava may be responssible for
birth defects.

It has other serious disadvantages. The tubers consist almost entirely of starch and are particularly low
inprotein, so depends of Cassava leads to serious malnutrition, to make matters worse, some varieties, when
grown under certain conditions of soil and climate, depelop a high acid content and become extremly poisonousto
people and livestock if eaten row. These tubers have to be well-prepared for consumption by prologed and
repested boling.

The new danger has emerged over the past few years in Nigeria. Doctors have begun to suspect that
cassava, id eaten in large amounts during pregnancy, may cause deformities in the developing fetus, there appears
to be a correlation between the eating of cassava by preganant women and the occurrence of various kinds of
brain or other neuronal malformations in their babies.

1. The topict of the text is........... C. Some cassavas should not be eaten
A. Cassava, the source of various kinds of because they are poisonous
meals D. People consuming only cassava for long
B. The advantages and disadvantages of periods of time may endanger their
cassava health
C. Characteristic of people consuming E. Particular conditions of soil and climate
cassava can make cassava poisonous
D. The staple food of people in developing 4. It is likely that doctors will advise pregnant
countries women not to eat too much cassava for fear
E. Malnutrition, the effect of eating that.....
cassava A. They will be deformed
2. People can rely on cassava in times of B. The fetus will not develop
famine because....... C. Their bodies will become crippled
A. Cassava can grow in any climate D. Their babies blood will be poisoned
throughout the year E. Their babbies may have malformed
B. In can be manufactured into flour called brains
tapioca 5. We may concludethat the writer....
C. The tubers canlast for more than one A. Suggest that cassava is a good
year as long as they arenot pulled out alternative for staple foods
D. It is the most important food in many B. Wants to tell people to stop eating
part of the world cassava
E. It can be stored for a long time without C. Show how people in developing
being rotten countries live
3. Which of the following statments in NOT D. Warns the readers of the danger of
TRUE according to the text ? consuming too much cassava
A. Farinha and garri are other name or E. Explain the effect of food shortages in
cassava developing countri
B. Being low in protein, cassava many
cause malnutrition
Text

In the summer of 1984, almost two billion television viewers were be able to watch summer olympics

from Los Angeles, “ live via satellite”. While telecommunication satellite beamed the Olympics arround the
world, most viewers watched the events witouth stopping to think about how this from of instant communications
works, or how it may effect their lives now and in the future in both positive and negative ways.

The advantages of telecommunications systems for the rapid and effecient, transmission of information to
and from the home and arround the world have been described by communication ecpert. They see the
development og these system as a first step toward eliminating political and geographic boundaries by making
everykind of human knowledge available to all. However, the possible disadvantages of this new technology have
usually been ignored.

Telecommunication can make information from arround the world available to use quickly and easly, but
some people worry that this may be a risk to our privacy. If personal information is stored in computers, then it
may be easly transmitted via satellite to anyone who can pay for the service.

Other futurists worry that telecommunications system may isolate people from each other. They say that
when people are able to shop from their home, do their banking without leaving the house, watch movies the want
on their television, as well ass get information they need, then there will not be as much contact between people.
The isolation mt have a very destructive effect on social relations. It is important to realize that the same
technology that helps us my also harmus. We can prevent this from happening by carefully monitoring the new
technology. As one communicating expert says, “ we must remember that technology alone is not the answer. It is
intellegent application of technology that will be lead us to success”.

6. The main information of the text is about... A. Force people no to leave their house
A. The 1984 summer Olympics held in Los B. Cause banks to go out of business
Angeles C. Isolate people from their own families
B. The development of D. Threater human relation
telecommunications system E. Keep people from watching movies
C. The disagreement of the use of 9. A serious effect of telecommunications
telecommunications satellites technology on people’s life is....
D. The advantages and disadvantages of A. The fear of harm to one’s private life
telecommunication system B. The transmission of information via
E. Prediction on the advantages of satellite
telecommunication system C. The rapid use of information available
7. Which of the following statments in NOT D. The chance of haveng a means of
TRUE according to thetext?. communication at home
Telecommunications system may be an E. The concern over expensive
important tool in..... telecommunication service
A. Improving political relations between 10. We may conclude that the application of
countries new technology will create many negative
B. Changing personal information for effects, UNLESS....
somebody else’s benefit A. We realize that is of great importance to
C. Making information available to people us
in the world B. It is combined with another new
D. Enabling people to watch events technology
happening in other countries C. We are carefully monitored by the
E. Transmitting information from one system
place to another D. It is not influenced by our intellegence
8. It has beeb prdeicates that E. We know how to control that
telecommunication system may..... technology
Text

Paris is the capital of the European nation of France. It is also one of the most beutiful and most famous
cities in the world. Paris is called the City of Light. It also an international fashion centre. What stylist women are
wearing in paris will be worn by women all over the world. Paris is also a famous world centre of education. For
instance, it is headquarter of UNESCO, the united Nations Educational, Scientifisc and Cultural Organization.

The Seine River divides the city into two parts. Thirty-two bridges cross this scenic river. The oldest and
perhaps most well-known is the Pont Neuf, located on the left Bank (south side) of the river. The beutiful white
church Sacre Couer liveson the top of the hill called Montmarter on the Right Bank (north side) of the seine.

There are many other famous places in Paris, such us the famous lamndmark in this city must be the
Eiffel Tower. Paris is named after a group of people called the Parisii. They built a small village on an island in
the middle of the Seine River about two thousand years ago. This island, called the Ile de la Carte, is where Notre
Dame is located today around eight million in the Paris area.

11. Topic of the text is.... E. Pont Neuf is located on the south side of
A. France, a European nation the Seine
B. The city of Paris 14. From the text we know that Notre Dame is
C. French culture located?
D. The Seine River A. On the left Bank
E. Education in france B. Near the louver
12. Where is he Sacre Coeur located? C. On the right Bank
A. In the City of Light D. Outside the city of Paris
B. On the southern side of the river E. On neither Bank
C. Outside paris 15. Which of the following statemant is TRUE?
D. Next to the Sorbonne University A. The name Paris originated front the
E. On the top the mountain name of the inhabitants of the Ile de la
13. According to the text which of the following Carte
atatment is TRUE about Pont Neuf? B. French people were called Parisii two
A. Pont Neuf is one of the oldest university thousand Years ago
B. Pont Neuf located near Montmarte C. Paris was the name of a small village in
C. Pont Neuf separates the Seine River the middle of the Seine River
from the city D. In ancient times, Paris was on an island
D. Pont Neuf is a bridge crossing the Seine called Ile de la Carte
River E. Ile de la Cite used to be an island
located in the middle of the Seine River

Text I
 Ultraviolet light means the invisible part of the spectrum beyond violet. This light has always been
regarded as very useful because it is used to cure certain skin diseases, kill bacteria, detect counterfeit money,
from vitamins, etc.

Along with the increasingly extensive use of computers in financial activities, ultraviolet light has been
widely applied by banks to identify the signatures of their custemers in passbook. When a customer opens a new
account with a bank, the bank teller always asks him to sign on a card placed in the signature will be left. This can
be used to campare with the signature on the cutomer’s withdrawal slip under ultraviolet light.

Ultraviolet light certainly has many practical applications, but itmay also by harmful to human beings on
some occasions. On everyone’s knowledge, the direct impact of the light on the eyes for an excessive lenght of
time may blind a person.

Even though it can cure certain skin diseases, it is also very harmful to the skin. A study just completed in
the united states says that the light my cause skin cancer. The ultraviolet rays of the sun have been ranked as the
third most dangerous cancer-causing agent after alcohol and tobacco.

Is the high time to warn sun-worshippers in the quest for a bronzed look to be careful of excessive and
uncontrolled exposure to the sun.

16. We may conclude that the main information A. Encourage people to get the best
of the text is about... advantages of ultraviolet rays.
A. The advantages and disadvantages of B. Explain that sunrays consist of violet
ultraviolet light and ultraviolet rays
B. The use of ultraviolet light in business C. Introduce of effektive use of ultraviolet
C. The application of ultraviolet rays on the light in banks
human being D. Warn people againts the alarming
D. The application of ultraviolet rays on dangers caused by sunrays
human being E. Ask people to avoid the use ultraviolet
E. The danger of ultraviolet light to people light as much as possible
health 19. We benefit from ultraviolet rays as they
17. Which of the following statement about can....
ultraviolet light is TRUE according to the A. Sign customers passbook
text? B. Detect false signatures
A. Ultraviolet is used by banks for C. Cure a particular kind of cancer
computers D. Check customer’s deposits
B. The position of ultraviolet rays is above E. Be a component in medicines
the spectrum 20. Ultraviolet rays may endanger people
C. Skin disease can only be caused by who........
ultraviolet rays A. Take vitamins regularly
D. Ultraviolet light, which is part of the B. Stay indoors
spectrum, cannot be seen C. Have skin cancer
E. Ultraviolet light is one of the existing D. Consume alcohol and tobacco
vitamins E. Like sun bathing
18. We may conclude that the writer’s main
purpose in writing the text is to.....

Text II

Hospitality is natural in my village, guest arrive at any time of the day or night and they are always
welcome. Nobody asks ‘why have you come?’ or ‘ how long are you going to stay?’ they become a part
of the family. The villagers are delighted ti receive guests. They are fed, clothed and given presents.
When guests arrive they are offered a pot of water to wash their hands, face, and feet. Then they are
given a mat or a chair to sit on. Previously, sherbet was offered, but now it is the customs to give a cup
tea, depending on the time of the day. Guests are never asked. ‘ have you eaten?’ or ‘ would you like
something to eat or drink?’ food is placed before them and it is impolite for guests to refuse. Hospitality
means givingyourself completly toguest and strangers.

21. What is the topic of the paragraph ? B. Guests have to wash their hands,
A. Guests and strangers face and feet when they arrive
B. Hospitality is a village C. The hosts never ask their visitors
C. Rules of politeness questions
D. Advice for guests D. Guests are usually asked about the
E. The arrival of guests purpose of their visit
22. What is the main idea of the text? E. It is impolite to refuse food and drink
A. In the writer’s village, guests are offered by the host
always received warmly

Text III

Progress is gradually being made in the fight of cancer. In theearly 1900s, few cancer patients had any
hope of long-term survival. In the 1920s, the ratio Was one in four. Currently, the ratio is down to one in
three. The gain from one in four to one in three represent about 58.000 lives saved each year.

23. What is the topic of the paragraph? B. The progress in fighting cancer result
A. The danger of cancer in the increasing number of survivals
B. Cancer victims C. There is progress in preventing
C. The problem of cancer people from getting cancer
D. Progress in the flight of cancer D. Currently, the gain from the fight
E. The history of cancer against cancer is the survival of
24. Whatthe main ideqa of the text? 58.000 lives
A. In the 1990s cancer patients had E. The number cancer victims has
good hope of long-term survival gradually increased

Text IV

No one knows who invented mechanical clocks. However, the clock...(10)... canbe traced, back
to the middle ages in Europe. The earliest clocks were actually made by blacksmith. The main principles
in the design of the these clocks,...(11)... are still used in mechanical clocks today, through modem
clocks are so much more accurate.

Early clocks had no dial, and...(12)... the time simply by striking a bell. The word clock, in fact,
means bell. Before the invention of clocks, a man...(13)... as a clock-jack used to ring a large bell in a
castle or monastery to tell everyone the time. This man was able to...(14)... the time by means of a
sundial or an hourglass containing sand.

25. A.Industry B. besides

B. company C. therefore
C. fabrication D. however
D. installation E. consequently
E. procedure 27. A. Stated
26. A. Moreover B. assumed
 C. predicated E. grown
D. mentioned 29. A. Estimate
E. indicated B. estimation
28. A. Called C. estimator
B. known D. estimated
C. used E. estimating
D. noticed

Text I

What will man be like in the future- in 5000 or even 50.000 years from now? We can only make
a guess, of course, but we can be sure that he will be different from what he is today. For man is slowly
changing all the time.

Let us take an obvious example. Man, even five hundred years ago, was shorter than he is today.
Now on avarage, men are about three inches taller. Five hundred years is a relatively shorts period of
time, so we may assume that man will continue to grow taller.
 Again, in the modem world we use our brains a great deal. Even so, we still make use of only
about 20% of th brain’s capacity. As time goes on, however, we shall have to use our brain’s more and
more- and aventually we shall need larger ones! This is likely to bring about a physical change too. The
head, in particular the forehead, will grow larger.

Nowadays our eyes are in constant use. In fact, we use them so much that very often they
become weaker and we have to wear glasses. But over a very long period of time it is likely that man’s
eyes will grow stronger.

On the other hand, we tend to make less use of our arms and legs. These as a result, are likely to
grow weaker. At the same time, however, our finger will grow more sensitive because they are use a
great deal in modem life.

But what about hair? This is will probably disappear from the body altogether in the course of
time because it does not serve a useful purpose any longer. In the future, then both sexes are likely to be
bald.

Perhaps all this gives the impression the future man will not be a very attractive creature to look
at! This may well be true, all the same, in spite of all these changes, future man will still have a lot in
common with us. He will still be a human being, with thoughts and emotions similar to our own.

1. The writer’s main intention in writing 3. The pharase “on the other hand” in line
the above text is to explain to the 14 show a
reader... A. Similarity
A. How man has changed over the B. Result
countries C. Contrast
B. How uncertain the world will be in D. Reason
the future E. Purpose
C. Why people’s life’s will change in 4. The writer imagines that future man will
the future be entirely bald because....
D. When man’s physical evolution A. There will be no difference in sex
started in the past B. The human body has no use for hair
E. What he thinks the future man eill C. Being bald will be the fashion of the
look like future
2. According to the thext, which of the D. Evolution makes the appearance of
following statements is TRUE about man and woman more similar
man? E. Future man will not be interested in
A. Whitin a decade, man has become having hair
three inches taller 5. From the description of future man, it
B. Modern people are using the full can be conclude that he,....
capacity of the their brains A. Is an entirely different creature from
C. It takes a few decades for man to today’s man
become taller B. Is still a human being but behaves
D. It can be expected that future man differently.
will be taller C. Is physically much stronger than
E. The development of man’s brains today’s man
does not affect his physical D. Has thoughts and emotions
development comparable to ours
 E. Is physically similar to earlier human
being

Text II

Saudi Arabia is a country rich in oil, but poor in one of a country’s most critical natural resources, fresh
water. Without it, agriculture becomes extremly difficult and costly.many areas are removing the salt
form the sea water that surrounds the Arabian peninsula. Other efforts might be the floating of an ice
cap all way to the north pole and the digging of wells to reach water that is underground.

6. What is the topic the paragraph? B. Saveral efforts are being made in
A. Fresh water Saudi Arabia to get fresh water
B. How to improve agriculture C. Water supply in Saudi Arabia is
C. Problems faced by Saudi Arabia provided by removing the salt from
D. Reason of water shortage sea water
E. The shortage of fresh water in Saudi D. Many areas in Saudi Arabia are
Arabia inhabitable due to the lack of fresh
7. What is the main idea of the text? water
A. Fresh water is one of the most E. Agriculture in Saudi Arabia is
critical natural resources of a country difficult and costly

Text III

In recent years, Brazil has greatly increased its Gross National Product (GNP). Saveral factors have
caused this change. First, Brazil has a favorable climate, abundant useful, land, and excellent coastline
and many other resources. Second, it has a large number of workers available for employment in
industry. Finally, Brazilian business and economic planners have encouraged investment.

8. What is the topic of the paragraph? B. Brazil’s physical characteristics have

A. The factors leading to Brazil’s contributed to the increase in
increaase in its GNP Brazil’s GNP
B. Brazil’s advantageous physical C. Brazilian needs a lot of more
conditions investment to promote economic
C. The change in Brazil’s GNP growth
D. The policy of economic planners in D. There are three factors that have
Brazil caused a rapid increase in Brazil’s
E. The number of workers in Brazil’s GNP
industry E. Brazil GNP has greatly changed the
9. What is the main idea of the text? face Brazil’s economy
A. Brazil’s industry has grown rapidly,
because of the large number of
human resources

Text IV

Almost half of the earth’s population lives in tropical forest environment which cover an estimated 2000
million hectares, mostly in the sloping world. The management ofthese forests is a matter of great...
(10)... for the countries in which they are...(11)... for not only do they provide timber for lumber and
paper, but also will their unique diversity of plants life serve as a renewable source of food, medicine
and fuel...(12)... they are wisely harvested. Forest also help to regulate the quality and flow of water,
an...(13)... factor in development. The are the home of farmers and hunters, and yield many...(14)...
which are used both by the local people and needed by city dwellers.

10. A. Attraction D. so
B. intention E. or
C. initiative 13. A. Enormous
D. importance B. efficient
E. reaction C. entire
11. A. Situated D. external
B. removed E. essential
C. laid 14. A. Producers
D. discovered B. products
E. placed C. productively
12. A. As D. productivity
B. for E. productive
C. if

Text I

After rising steadily for almost a century, standards of education in the publics school of europe
and North American have leveled of and, in the opinion of many parents and employers, are actually
falling. More and more children are leaving school with little more than a basic knowledge of reading,
writing, and arithmetic, and illiteracy is becaming a social problem once again. With dropout rates of
twent-seven pencent in high school and fifty percent in colleges, the American education system is
clearly is trouble; European dropout rates though lower than those of the U.S are rising too.

Various factors have been blamed for the apparent decile in educational standard. Some people
say that overcrowding and lack of discipline are major factors. Others maintain that subjects like art and
drama have been overemphasized at the expense of more practical subjects. The negative influence of
television is frequently mentioned as a reason for growing illiteracy. Many teachers and priciplas.
However, insist that the problem is not of of falling standards but of rising expectations on the partof
parents and employers.
 Wether or not standards in public school are actually falling, many parents feel that the only way
to secure a good education for their children is to send them to private schools, which generally have
smaller classes and stricter discipline. The popularity of such school of growing steadly, despite the high
tuition fees. In the United States, for example, eleven percent of all school tuition fees. In the United
States, for example eleven percent of all school children attend private school in France over sixteen
percent fo so.

1. The text is about..... D. Subject like drama and art neglected

A. Problem is current education system E. Parents and employers expect too
B. Rising dropout rates in American much from teachers
public schools 4. Private schools have become popular
C. Factors determining general among parent, because....
education standards A. They charge high tuition fees
D. Comparison between the american B. Their educational system never has
and European education system problem
E. Problems in education in European C. Parents expectations for more
and American public schools practical subject are met
2. Which of following statement about the D. They think that private schools
education of children in public schools provide better education
NOT TRUE according to the text? E. Their rate of dropout is lower thatn
A. Many children quit school that in public schools
B. Dropout lack basic knoledge of 5. Which of the following statements is
reading and writing TRUE recording to the text?
C. Public school ahould offer more A. School authorities do not think that
practical subjects the educational standards in public
D. Dropout rates are rising school is declining
E. The dropout rates in Europe is lower B. More children are leaving school
than that in the U.S. because they realize that public
3. Which of the following is thought to be school have no discipline
a factor causing the decline in C. The general trend in the world is that
educational standards? there is a decline in educational
A. Discipline in school is generally too standards
strict D. Television greatly contributed to the
B. Teachers use too much television in failure of public school in general
class E. Private schools are expensive
C. There are too many pupils in one because they provide more practical
class subject than public school do

Text II

Bison’s not have always lived in North American they are relative new comers. They belong to the
bovidae family. Like domestic castle and the wild buffalo of Africa and Asia. The oldest known bisson
fossils have been found in China and the Himalaya Foothils, where an animals with all the essential
features of the genus lived a million years ago. They evolved rapidly and spread over most of the
northern hemisphere in Europe and Siberia. During one the ice Ages, the sea level dropped, exposing a
land bridge across the Bering Strait allowing the faunas of Asia and North America to intermingle. Very
early, the steppe bison moved eastward to the North American Continent.

6. What is the topic of the paragraph?

 A. The spread of bison from China and B. The oldest known bison fossils have
Himalaya to North American been found in China and the
B. Types of bison’s beloging to the Himalaya Foothils
bovidae family C. Bisons belong to the Bovidae family,
C. The effect of the intermingling of like domestic catlle and the wild of
Asian and North American faunas Africa and Asia
D. Places in the world where bison D. From Asia bisons spread over most
lived of the Northern hemisphere and
E. The rapid evolution of bison came to North America through the
7. What is the main idea of the text? bearing strait
A. Bisons are relative new comers in E. Bisons came to North America when
North America because they have the faunas of Asia and North
lived in other parts of the worlds America intermingled

Text III

Driving a car a necessity in today’s society and it is special privilage. Getting a driver’s license is
a complicated process. It is divided into four step, study the traffic laws. Taking the written test,
learning to drive, and taking the driving test. Therefore, anyone who wants to driver’s license.

8. What is the topic the paragraph? B. Anyone who wants to drive must
A. The necessity of driving a car carry a driver’s license
B. The process of getting a driver’s C. Driving a car is special privilege for
license busy people
C. Drivers in today’s busy society D. The four steps in getting a driver’s
D. Learning to drive license is a complicated process
E. The special privilage of driving a car E. Studying the traffic laws is include
9. What is the main idea of the text? in the process of getting a driver’s
A. Driving a car is neccessity in today’s license
busy society

Text IV

Throughout history, man has changed his physical environment in order to improve his away of live.
With the tools of technology, he...(10)... many physical features of the earth. He has transformed
woodland and praires into farmland and made lakes and reservoirs of rivers for irrigation...(11)... or
hydroelectric power. Man has also...(12)... the face of earth by draining marshes and cutting through
mountains to build roads and railways,...(13)... man’s changes to the physical environment have not
always had...(14)...result. today, pollution of the air water is a raising danger to the health of the planet.

10. A. Divided 12. A. Surrounded

B. constructed B. interrupted
C. promoted C. changed
D. identified D. disturbed
E. altered E. enlarged
11. A. Means 13. A. Consequently
B. media B. however
C. organs C. besides
D. purpose D. moreover
E. instruments E. similarly
 14. A. Benefit D. beneficially
B. beneficiary E. beneficiant
C. beneficial

Text I

Measles, a childhood disease, has caused suffering ti mankind for thousands of years. However
the search for an effective measles vaccine lasted two hundred years and has finally ended in success.
Now, for the first time, measles is preventable disease. You may ask, ‘How is this important to
children?’.

Every years measles kills twice as many Americans polionow does. More children die from
measles from any other common chilhood disease. Also compilations of some degree occur in about
one chilhood out of six. Most complications include pneumonia and ear disordes. Another after-effect of
measles-brain damage- iss less common, but it can have such serious consequences that it deserves
special attention.

Brain damage due to measles sounds like something far away from our experience. In rality, is
not. Like any other injury, damage to the brain can be very slight or very severe. It is quite possible that
we have never seen or heard a child who has severe brain damage- the chilhood would either have died
or would be in an institution. However, in medical research a ration has been found between measles
and such things as behaviour problems, personality changes and dulling of mental ability. For example,
a child may be bad – tempered or a little slow to learn after he has recovered measles.

1. The main informartion of the text is D. A lot of research was done on the
that.... complications of measles
A. Measles has been disease for E. Measles may have bad effects on
thousand of years children who get the disease
B. After 200 years of research , an 2. Which of the following statements is
effective measles vaccine was found TRUE about measles?
C. Measles is a serious desease greatly A. The number of children in the USA
neglected in the past killed by measles is smaller than that
killed by polio
 B. Medical research revealed that A. An orphanage
measles my cause brain damage B. A hospital
C. In the USA children with brain C. A rehabilitation centre
damage have all been measles D. A company
patients E. A public school
D. Research findings show that 5. One of the important findings of the
pneumonia and car disorders may research on measles is that....
cause measles A. Children who have got measles may
E. Children who get measles will have become difficult to handle because
pneumonia and car disorders at the of their behaviour
same time B. In reality, there are no measles
3. Which of the following is NOT an patients who get brain damage
aftereffect of measles? C. Personality changes already occur at
A. Polio the time a child has measles
B. Ear disorders D. Measles can cause children to
C. Personality change become physically handicapped
D. Slow learning E. Measles is the first killer of chilhood
E. Pneumonia diseasein the world
4. Or would be in a an institution
(pargaraph 3) the underlined word
mean?

Text II

Alternative energy sources are becoming increasingly attractive as the energy crisis becomes more
severe. Solar heating systems, which use the sun’s radiation as a source of energy, are a promising
alternative energy source nuclear power plants are already in operation in saveral parts of the country.
Government and private industry are even investigating the possibility of capturing the power of ocean
waves and tides for conversion into usable energy. Coal is once again becoming an acceptable ruel as
the nation searches for solutions to the energy shortage. Even garbage is seen as a potential source of
energy. In come communities, garbage is burned to heat buildings and light city streets.

6. The main information of the text is A. Garbage can be recycle into energy
about... to run factories
A. The interest in alternative energy B. The crisis of alternative energy
sourc es source becomed more severe
B. Potential solar heating systems C. Energy from the sun seems to be
C. The operation of nuclear power potentially the best alterntive
plants D. Coal is considered not suitable to
D. The search for energy from the sea replace oil
E. The use of coal to replace oil E. Private industries have succeded in
7. Which of the following statements is producing energy from ocean waves
TRUE about alternative sources of and tides
energy?

Text III

Often people eho hold higher poisition in a given group overestimates their performance, ehile
people in the lower levels of the group underestimate theirs. While this may not always be truem it does
indicate that often the actual position in the grup has much to do with the feelingggg of personal
confidence a person may have. Thus, members who hold high positions group or feel that they have an
important part to play in the group will probably have more confidence in their own performance.

8. The topic the text is... B. People will get a higher position if
A. The role of leaders in a group they have great self – confidence
B. Self – confidence of group members C. If people have high positions, they
C. Different positions in a group are confident that they perform better
D. The relation between high position than others
and self- confidence D. People who hold low positions in a
E. The attitudes of groups members group often overestimate their
9. From the text we may conclude that.... performance
A. If we let people know that they are E. If people are given high position,
an important part of the group, they they will underestimate people of
will become more self – confidence low positions

Text IV

In an age of supersonic airlines,it is difficult to imagine that at the beginning of the twentieth century no
one had ever flown in an aero plane, ...(10)... people were flying in a balloons and airship was ...(11)...
on the principles of the semi – rigid structure. In 1900 Ferdinand von Zeppelin fitted a petrol engine to
rigid balloon. The craft was the first rally...(12)... alrship.in 1919 anairship first cared passanger across
the atlantic, and in 1929 one traveled round the world. During this time the design of airship was
constantly being...(13)... and up to 1937 they ...(14)... thousand of passagers on regular transatlantic
service for millions of miles.

10. A. In addition D. successful

B. next E. successfully
C. however 13. A. Repaired
D. furthermore B. encourage
E. consequently C. recovered
11. A. Located D. established
B. based E. improved
C. supported 14. A. Applied
D. decided B. lifted
E. originated C. sent
12. A. Success D. delivered
B. succeed E. carried
C. succeeded
Text I

Throughtout history man has changed his physical environment in order to improve his way of life.
With the tools of technology he has altered many physical features of the earth. He has transformed
woodlands and prairies into farmlands and made lakes and reservoirs out of rivers for irrigation purpose
or hydroelectric power. Man has also modified the face of the earth by draining marshes and cutting
through mountains to build roads and railways.

However, man’s changes to the physical environment have not always had beneficial results.
Today pollution of the air and water is an increasing danger to the health of planet. Each day thousands
of tons of gases come out of the exhause of motors vehicle; smoke from factories pollutes the air of
industrialized areas and the surounding areas of the countryside. The air in cities is becoming
increasingly unhealthy.

The pollution of water is equally harmful. In the sea, pollution from oil is increasing and is
killing enormous numbers of algae,fish, and birds. The whole ecological balance of the sea is being
changed. The same problem exists in rivers. Industrial wastes have already made many rivers lifeless.

Conservations believe that it is now necessary for man to limit growth of technology in order to
survive on earth.

1. The writer’s main purpose in writing the C. The countryside near factories
text is to.... D. The harbors where oil tankers anchor
A. Show the advantages of modern E. Housing areas close to
tecnology manufacturing plants
B. Explain why exhausts of cars are 3. The first paragraph tells us about the
dangerous effect of technology on.....
C. Discuss how the tools of technology A. The history of man
can improve man’s way of life B. Water reservoirs
D. Warn us againts the harmful effects C. The physical features of the earth
of air and water pollution D. Improvements in man’s life
E. Point out how man has modified the E. The construction of railroads
face of the earth 4. According to the text, which of the
2. According to the text, air pollution may following is the cause of water
occur in the following locations, pollution?
except.... A. Oil refineries
A. The surroundings of industries B. Algae, fish, and birds
B. Big cities crowded with cars C. Factory wastes
 D. Thousands of tons of gases C. Modifying the face of the earth by
E. Ecological balance building transport facilities
5. We many conclude that the writer is in D. Preventing human beings from using
favour of.... technology
A. Restricting the growth of technology E. Killing fish and birds that pollute the
B. Altering the ecological harmony of sea
the sea

Text II

We are already using uo our fossil fuel reserves of coal, oil, and natural gas. These fuels took milions of
years to create.they are our precious capital and can be replaced. They should be preserved for purposes
for which it is difficult to find alternatives. In future we will need to utilize our energy sources, and save
our capital. By linking the same energy network, which powers the weather and climate, me might be
able to use the sun, wind, waves and tides to help satisfy our energy needs. These are renewable sources.
They serve as new sources and will never run out.

6. The writer intention to write the text is 7. The advantage of renewable energy over
to explain about.... fossil fuel energy is that renewable
A. Fossil fuel reserves energy....
B. The creation of fossil fuels A. Is easy to produce
C. Energy powering weather and B. Is never exhausted
climate C. Requires less capital’
D. Renewable energy sources D. Creates natural gas
E. The running out of coal and oil E. Is found everywhere

Text III

Most western European countries have a wide of political parties. Although having many choices
availed to the voting public is sign of healthhy democracy, it can also cause serious political problems. It
is difficult to educate voters fully about all of the different political philosophies and goals. Moreover,
the presence of so many parties can lead to government instabilty because the cooperations of several
different parties is often needed to form coalition governments.

8. In the above paragraph the writer wants 9. What is needed to form a coalition
to show the reader that..... government?
A. Democracy is created in a country A. Differences in political philosophies
with many parties and goals or parties
B. It is difficult for people to B. The agreement of different parties to
understand the philosophy of politics work together
C. The presence of many parties in a C. An educated voting public in a
country will solve political problems democratic country
D. Stability will be achived if a country D. The availability of only one party in
has many political parties a country
E. There are disadvantages of having E. A government which has a wide
many political parties in a country variety of political parties

Text IV
A few years ago a shortage of natural gas drove prices sky high. Likewise, gasoline prices rose when
demands ...(10)... supplies. A large supply in the oil market drove prices back down. The ...(11)... of
supply and demands functioned according to textbook description in the case of oil, but the ...(12)... is
different inthe current natural gas market. Natural gas consumers are finding their heating bills more of
a burden than last year. ...(13)... a dramatic increase in supplies. There is so much natural gas available
that many supplier are closing down their plants fore lack of a market, and it is ...(14)... that some
supplier are even burning of their surplus gas now.

10. A. Weakened D. influence

B. exceeded E. environment
C. descended 13. A. Whereas
D. increased B. therefore
E. exaggerated C. as long as
11. A. Principal D. in order to
B. Scale E. in spite of
C. subject 14. A. Predicted
D. law B. insured
E. arrangement C. rumored
12. A. Situation D. assumed
B. period E. hoped
C. requirement
Text I

Whales are the largest animals on earth. Bigger than elephants, they may grow 95 feet long, and weigh
150 tons. A baby blue whale, just born, can be 23 feet long ang weigh 3 tons

Although whales live in the oceans and swim like fish. They are not fish. They are mammals, like cows
and elephants. Unlike fish they bear young alive, not as eggs. Their babies live on their mother’s milk. They
breath through their lungs and hold their breath when they go under water. If they cannot come to the surface
to breath fresh air, they will drown. They are warm-blooded. Fish, however, lay eggs, breath oxygen in the
water, and are cold – blooded.

Whales live in all the oceans. In the winter some of them go to warm waters to breed and in the
summer most of them go to cold waters to feed. There are two kinds of whales, whaler with teeth (tooth
whales) and whales without teeth (baleen whales). The toothed whales eat fish and squid which they can catch
with their teeth, although they swallow their food without chewing it. The baleen whales eat plankton (small
sea animals and plants ). When they find plankton, they open their mouth and swim into the plankton. When
they close their mouth they squeeze out the water and swallow the plankton.

Whales have few enemies. Only human beings and the killer whales attack whales. And whales do not seem
to fight among themselves. They usually live from 20 to 30 years.

1. The difference between whales and fish is C. Likefish, whales can live in all kinds of
that whales.... waters
A. Do not have to come to the surface to D. Their life-span is usually longer than
get fresh air human beings
B. Deliver their young like elephants do E. A new – born baby whale may weight
C. Will die if they cannot get oxygen in the one – fiftieth of its mother
water 4. Whales occasionally live in warm waters....
D. Are mammals that are cold blooded A. To get more food
E. Can easly breathe when they are under B. For reproduction
water C. To avoid winter
2. A suitable little for the text is.... D. For fresh air
A. Large animal in earth E. To feed their babies
B. Difference between whales and 5. From the text we may conclude that....
elephants A. A whale can eat both squid and
C. Whales the biggest animals on earth plankton
D. Similarity between fish and whales B. Toothed whales chew their food before
E. The life of whales in the oceans swallowing it
3. Which of the following is TRUE about C. The two types of whale live in different
whales? waters
A. Whales are generally 95 feet long and D. Baleen whales swallow the water
weigh 150 tons containing plankton
B. Big animals living in the ocean tend to E. Each type of whale eats a specific kind
be their animals of food
Text II

People manage to count even when they do not have names for numbers to each other by counting on their
fingers, and some primitive tribes still do this. In fact, some tribes have names for only the number ‘one’ and
‘two’ and can only indicate higher numbers by pointing to a particular finger. In other tribes, the number do
have names, but these names are directly connected with finger counting.

6. The text tells us about.... B. Only in earlier days did people use their
A. Early demonstration of numbers fingers in counting
B. The use of fingers in counting C. There are tribes who only consider
C. The importance of numbers ‘one’ and ‘two’ important
D. Primitive tribes D. For some tribes it is unusual to use
E. Various names for numbers fingers when counting
7. Which of the following statements is TRUE E. The words ‘one’ and ‘two’ where
according to the text? unpopular among many tribes
A. It was not necessary to have names for
numbers in counting

Text III

The United States and Mexico signed peace treaty on February 2, 1848. Mexico had to give up much of its land
to the U.S the land included Texas, Arizona, New Mexico, and California. The Treaty signers did not know that
James Marshall had just discovered gold in California 10 days earlier. Nobody knew.

In 1849 the world heard about the gold discovery. Gold fever brought tjousands of people to California. We call
the people who joined the gold rush “ forty – niners”. They all thought they could become rich quickly. They
though they could stay in California a short time and return home as wealthy people.

8. The main information of the text is about.... A. Mexico regretted that it had to give up
A. A peace treaty between the U.S and California to the U. S.
Mexico B. James Marshall did not publicly
B. James Marshall, the gold miner announced his discovery
C. The discovery of gold in California C. A lot of “forty – niners” became rich
D. The gold rush in the United States whitin a very short time
E. The dream of the forty – niners to get D. California became a place where many
rich quickly foreigners lived
9. From the text we may conclude that.... E. Mexico made great efforts to win
California back

Text IV

Today no one would deny the genius of Albert Einstein. ... (10)... that was not always the case. In his youth,
Einstein’s parents and teachers ...(11)... him both undisciplined and dull. As a child, he was slow to talk. And his
parents were ...(12).... he might be retarded. As an adolescent, he had difficulty adjusting to the strict discipline
of the German high school, and his teachers were not pleased with his...(13).... Not suprisingly. He found college
little better than high school, and again he ...(14)... the appropriate academic discipline. In the end he was able
to graduate, but only with the help of a friend who kept him up-to-date on all his courses.

10. A. Since C. so
B. but D. because
 E. therefore 13. A. Success
11. A. Declared B. increase
B. determined C. advantages
C. predicated D. program
D. accused E. progress
E. considered 14. A. Achieved
12. A. Hopeful B. served
B. amazed C. lacked
C. expectant D. wasted
D. worried E. disrupted
E. timid

Text I

Because today’s people are living longer than ever, more psychologist and social workers have begun to
study ways of care giving to improve care of the eldery. They have found that all caregivers share a common
characteristic. They believe that they are the best person for the job, for different reasons. One caregivers said
that she had always been close to her mother. Another caregivers was the oldest child, and another was the
youngest child. Regardless of the reason, the caregives all felt that they could do the job better than anyone
else. Social workers interviewed caregivers to find out why they took on the responsibility of caring for an
elderly dependent relative. They discovered three basic reasons. Many caregivers believed that they had an
obligation to help their relative. Some stated that helping others others made them fell more useful. Others
hoped that by helping someone now they would deserve care when they became old and dependent.

Researches have found that caring for the elderly can be a very positive experience. The elderly appreciated
the care and attention they received. They were affection and cooperative. However, even when care giving is
satisfying, it is hard work. Social workers and experts on again offers caregivers and potential caregivers help
whenarranging for the care of an elderly relative. One consideration is to ask parents what they before they
become sick or dependent. Perhaps they prefer going into a nursing home, and can select one in advance. On
the other hand, they may want to live with their adult children. Caregivers must also learn arouse confidence in
others and ask for help from others. Brothers and sisters are often willing to help, but they may not know what
to do.

1. Psychology are interested in examining care E. Members of the family

giving to the elderly because.... 3. Caregivers are willing to take care of the
A. Their families are too busy to care for elderly because of the following reasons,
them except:
B. People’s life-span is longer now A. They feel to be the best persons to look
C. Their condition is monitered by social after them
workers B. They expect that they won’t be
D. They have, in practice, been neglected neglected when they grow old
E. There are not enough homes for the C. They are the closest relatives the
elderly elderly have
2. The caregivers mentioned in the text are ..... D. They are the only relatives of the
A. Psychologists dependent elderly
B. Charitable people E. They are happy to be able to do
C. Social workers something for others
D. Homes for the elderly
 4. Which of the following statement is TRUE D. Social workers decide whether the
according to the text? elderly live with relatives or in a nursing
A. Caring for the elderly can be easly home
accomplished without much energy E. Caregivers know exactly they want to
B. Social workers do not interfere with do with the elderly
the arragement of taking care of the 5. ‘Regardless of reasons’ in line 5 means.....
elderly A. Without any reason
C. Caring for the elderly gives mutual B. If the reason is not known
satisfacation C. Considering the reason
D. Whatever the reason is
E. To emphasize the reason

Text II

Human beings, convinced of their superiority over the animal kigdoms, are seldom diturbed about the pain
and death they bring to other species. For examples, south American birds, desired by zoos, pet shops, and
private collections, are frequently packed into small boxes and flown to foreign coutries. Many of the birds,
however, do not survive the trip but instead die of suffocation. And birds are not the only victims. Hunters in
search of baby orangutans shoot the mothers who are hidding in sreetops and wait for the babies to fall to the
ground. Many of the babies cannot be caught and fall to their death. Seals, prized for their skins, which make
lovely winter coats, are brutally slaughtered by hunters who club and skin them almost immediately. Sometimes
the seals are skinned alive because a hunter was not skilful in his club.

6. What is the topic of the text? B. People are superior to animals because
A. The superiority of human beings they are much stronger
B. Cruetly to animals C. Many animals are sold to zoos and
C. Animals in captivity collectors at great profits
D. Animals in zoos D. Wild animals often die when they are
E. Cruel human beings transported abroad
7. What is the main information of the text? E. Hunters often kill wild animals to
A. Human beings often cause death and a enable them to catch their babies
lot of pain to animals

Text III

Scientist and doctors say that about 34 milion Americans are too fat. Why is this? One cause is the kind of
food Americans eat. Many Americans like ‘fast food’. These foods (such as hamburgers and ice cream) often
have fattening thins in them. Another cause is the way Americans eat. They often eat little snacks between
regular meals. These extra foods and extra fat on the body. A third cause is not enough exercise. Americans like
driving everywhere, instead of walking. They often have machines to do a lot of the work. Some Americans are
also too heavybecause of health because of health problem. But for most of those 34 million Americans, the
problem is the American lifestyle

8. The text tells us about..... A. High-tech machines are an advantages

A. What Americans eat to the health of Americans
B. Americans fast food B. Snacks are included in the regular meals
C. Health problems in America of Americans
D. The America lifestyle C. Sixty-six milion Americans do not
E. Why many Americans are too fat consume fast foods
9. From the we may conclude that..... D. Eating little snack is the cause of major
health problems
 E. Many American are fat because of the
way the live

Text IV

Lunar eclipses have always fascinated people. Some study eclipses as an ...(10)... phenomenon; others just
enjoy obeserving their beuty ...(11)... in ancient times, lunar eclipses were mysterious, frightenin, and ...(12)... in
the past, people believed that eclipses were bad omens, or ...(13)... and this supersition ha soften Affected
historical events. For instance, a lunar eclipse was...(14)... responsible for the fall of Constantinople in 1453.

10. A. Astronomy D. impossible

B. astrology E. manageable
C. astronomical 13. A. Wishes
D. astronautics B. signs
E. asteroid C. forecasts
11. A. Therefore D. prayers
B. however E. orders
C. consequently 14. A. Generally
D. because B. suddenly
E. In spite of C. forecasts
12. A. Unpredictable D. prayers
B. controllable E. orders
C. feasible

Text I

The fish are dying in the Adirondack lakes in northern New York State. Fishermen are worried. This used
to be a favorite spot for sport fishing. But every yearthere are fewer fish. Some lakes – 6% of them – now have
no fish at all. Scientists are beginning to get worried too. What is killing the fish?

The cause of this acid rain. Acid rain is kind of air pollution. It is caused by factories that burn coal or oil
or gas. These factories send smoke high into the air. The wind often carries the smoke far from the factories.
Some of the unhealthy things in the smoke my come down with the rain hundreds of miles away. This is what is
happening in the Adirondacks. There are many factories in the Midwestern States. They are sending a lot of
smoke into the air. The wind blows the smoke toward the east. That means towards New York State and the
Adirondack area.

The rain in the Adirondack is not natural and clean anymore. It is full of acid chemicals. When it falls in lakes,
it changes them too. The lakes become more acidic. Acid water is like vinegar or lemon juice. It hurts when it
gets in your eyes. It also kills the plants and animals that ususally live in lake water. That is why the fish are dying
in the Adirondacks.

1. The topic of the text is..... A. Fish has become scarece in the United
A. The Adirondack lakes States
B. Acid rain B. There are too many factories in the
C. Air pollution Midwestern States
D. Fish killers C. Six percent of first in the Adirondack
E. Factories inthe Midwestern States lakes id dying
2. The problem that the writer points out in D. The total catch of fish in the Adirondack
the text is that... lakes is decreasing
 E. Many favorite spots for sport fishing B. The rain comes from an area where air
have dried up is badly polluted by factory wastes
3. Which of the following atatements is TRUE C. Air pollution caused by factories
about acid rain? burning coal, oil or gas has been a
A. Acid rain kills all living things in the problem in the Adirondacks
Adirondacks D. Factories operating in the Adirondacks
B. Acid rain causes air pollution in area send polluted smoke high inthe air
northern New York State and come down with the rain
C. Smoke emitted by factories creates E. The Adirondacks area is geographically
poisonous acid rain located in one of the Midwestern States
D. Coal, oil or gas increase the level of which is a center
poison in acid rain 5. If water from an acidic lake gets into your
E. Acid rain carries a lot of smoke eyes, it will....
hundreds of miles away A. Be like vinegar
4. The rain in the Adirondack is harmful to the B. Cause blindness
environment, because.... C. Clean them
A. The wind that blows from the D. Be like lemon juice
Midwestern States sends a lot of smoke E. Hurt them
containing dangerous chemicals

Text II

Over the years many different system of physical exercise designed to improve the health and
appearance of the body have emerged. One of the best ever to come forth was Hath a Yoga, a form of
yoga consisting of various postures that exercise the whole body. Facial muscles, for example, can be
made firmer by daily performance of ‘the lion’ , a posture that imitates the face of roaring lion. Back
muscles can become more flexible by regular practice of ‘the cobra’, a posture that imitates the arching
head of that poisonous snake. ‘the cobra’, which resembles the headstand, is said to improve circulation
and relieve tension.

6. What is the topic of the text? E. Improving blood circulation

A. System of physical exerceses 7. What is the main information of the text?
B. Animal postures in Yoga A. Hath a Yoga postures exercise the
C. Hath a Yoga postures whole body
D. Exercising body muscles B. Animals are used in Yoga exercise
 C. Yoga imitates the movements of E. Yoga is the best system of phy sical
animals exercise
D. Animals are an important element in
Yoga exercise

Text III

If student are to succed in tomorrow’s world, their education must encourage them tohave the desire to
keep learning throughout their lives. For at least a decade now, expects have been telling us that to prosper in
the future, countries need to make musch better use of their human resources. This means not allowing people
to stop learning at age 10 or 20 or 30. It means pushing sjill-growth rates up rather than allowing children and
adults to lose interest in learning. Although following this advice is not easy, we should keep the following in
mind; if we do not go this route. Vast numbers of people in the world may do poorly in a global market, while a
few people do exceptionally well. As a result, the gap between the rich and the poor will grow-until something
exploders.

8. The text is about..... A. There would be greater competition

A. Important advice on education for a between the rich and the poor
better future B. The number of poor people in the world
B. The establisment of rules related to would increase
education C. The global market would be dominated
C. An imprivement in the development of by the rich
human resources D. The majority of people in the world
D. The result of a country poor education would prosper
E. People’s obligation to have a life – time E. The skill – growth rates would be
education immediately pushed up
9. The writers believes that if countries
allowed people to stop learning at the age
of 30,.....

Text IV

It is true that three is not set amount of sleep a person must have each night to remain sharp. Sleeping ...
(10)... vary among individuals in each age group. Some babie’s sleep up to 20 hours a day while others are happy
with far less. An avarage adult works best with seven or eight hours ...(11)... some can function with as little as
four hours and others seem yo need ten or more ...(12)... show that people can ...(13)... to somewhat reduced
sleeping schedules without ...(14)... adverse effects. But one thing is certain. If you don’t get your quota, you
become cranky, nervous and increasingly upset.

10. A. Targets C. moreover

B. regulations D. unless
C. opportunities E. so that
D. requirements 12. A. Assumptions
E. disturbances B. procedures
11. A. In spite of C. studies
B. although D. analyses
 E. processes 14. A. Noticeable
13. A. Adapting B. notices
B. adaptable C. noticeably
C. adaptation D. notice
D. adaptor E. noticed
E. adapt

Text I

In almost all developing countries, the lack of adequate supplies of cheap, convenient and reliable fuel is
a major problem. Rural communities depend largelr on kerosene, wood and dung fortheir cooking and lighting
needs. But kerosene is now priced out of reach of many people and wood, except in heavily forested areas, is in
short supply. The search for firewood occupies a large part of the working day and has resulted in widespread
deforetation.

Dung is constant supply wherever there are farm animals and, when dried, it is convenient to store and
use. But burning dung destroys its value as fertilizer, thus depriving the soil of a much needed source of humus
and nitrogen.

Rural area of developing countries are also plagued by a lack of adequate sanitation. Improper waste
disposal spreads disease, contaminates water sources and provides breeding gorunds for disease – carrying
insect.

The problem of improving environmental hygiene, conserving resource, and finding alternative sources of
fuel may be unrelated. Their solutions, however, are not, as many countries experimenting with biogas
technology are discovering. Biogas, a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide , is produced by the fermentation
of organic matter. The process of anaerobic fermentation is a natural one, occuring whenever living matter
decomposes. By keeping the matter – and the process – in a digesteror biogas plant, the combustible gas can be
trapped and used as fuel for household lighting and cooking. The digested slurry that remains canbe used on
the land as a soil conditioner and fertilizer.

1. What are two main problems mentioned in 3. The disadvantages of traditional fuels used
the text ? in developing countries is that they....
A. Pollution and the high price of fuel A. Reduce people’s energy
B. Widespreads deforestation and the use B. Are difficult to extract
of dung C. Make the soil poor
C. The lack of adequate fuel and hygenic D. Do not meet people needs
conditions E. Cause damage to theenvironment
D. The lack of humus and nitogen in the 4. The main factor causing the lack of
soil adequate sanitation is....
E. Contaminated water sources and rural A. The domestic use of biogas
areas B. The great number of farm animals
2. What is the text mainly about? C. The pollitionof water sources
A. Socio-economic problems in developing D. The badly – managed waste disposal
countries E. The increase of disease- carrying in
B. The process of producing biogas insect
C. The effect of burning dung on the soil 5. Why is the digested slurry of the fermented
D. Biogas as a solution to many problems organic matter considered valuable?
E. The disadvantages of using dung as fuel
 A. It is improves the quality of the soil for C. It is considered a relatively cheap
agriculture fertilizer
B. It increase the export from developing D. It is the best fertilizer in the world
countries E. It can be used as fuel for cooking

Text II

Hurricanes generally occur in the North Atlantic from may though November, with the peak of the
hurricane season in September, only rarely will they occur from December through April in that part of the
ocean. The main reason for the occurrences of hurricanes during this period is that the temperature on the
waters surface is at its warmest and humidity of the air is its highest.

Of the tropical storms that occur each year in the North Atlantic, only about five, on the average, are
powerful enough to be called hurricanes. To be classified as a hurricane, a tropical storm must have winds
reaching speeds of at least 117 kilometers per hour, but the winds are often much stronger than that, the winds
of intense hurricanes can easly surpass 240 kilometer per hour.

6. The passage mainly discusses.... B. Extremly warm weather and high

A. The number of hurricanes in a year humidity can cause hurricanes
B. The strangth of hurricanes C. Very strong winds are the result of to
C. The weather in the North Atlantic November
D. Hurricanes in a certain part of the world D. Hurricanes occur every month from
E. Hurricanes and disasters of the world May to November
7. Which of the following is TRUE according to E. Tropical countries have a lot of intense
the text? hurricanes
A. There are always hurricanes in the
North Atlantic all year round

Text III

There are many different causes of car accident in the United States. Sometimes accidents aree caused by
bad weather. Ice or snow can make roads very dangerous accidents also can result from problems with the car.
Even a small problem like a flat tire can be serious. Bad roads are another causes of accidents. Some accidents
are caused by drinking too much alcohol. In fact, this one of the most important causes of accidents.

8. What is the paragraph about? 9. Car accidents in the US are caused by the
A. Problem with car engines following, except:
B. Result of car accidents A. Drunken drivers
C. The frequency of car accidents B. Bad roads
D. Weather conditions in the US C. Unskilled drivers
E. Car accidents and their causes D. Icy roads
E. A flat tire

Text IV

How much living space does a person need? What heppens when these space ...(10)... are not adequately
met? Sociologists and psycologist are conducting expperiments on rats to try...(11)... the effects of overcrowding
on human. Recent studies have shown that the behaviour of rats is greatly affected by space. If rats have
adequate living space, they eat well, sleep well, and reproduced well. But if their living conditions become too
crowded , their behaviour patterns and even their health change ...(12)... they cannot sleep and eat well, and
signs of fear and tensios become ...(13)... the more crowded they are, the more they tend to bite each other and
even kill each other. ...(14)... for rats, population and violence are directly related. Is this a natural law for
human society as well? Is adequate space not only desirable but essential for human survival?

10. A. Requirements D. perceptible

B. Influences E. perception
C. problems 13. A. Tremendous
D. resources B. registered
E. possibilities C. concise
11. A. To emerge D. obsolete
B. to porpose E. obsious
C. to imagine 14. A. However
D. to examine B. yet
E. to simplify C. thus
12. A. To perceive D. moreover
B. perceptibly E. finally
C. perceptive

Text I

Though some food, such as rice, wheat and other cereals, can be ripened and then stored for years
before they deteriorate, other foods, such as meat and fish, normally deteriorate quickly. Generally, if food is to
be eaten weeks or months after it has been killed or harvested, the processes of decay must be halted by
treating the food in a way which does not make it unpalatable. But no single method of preservation is suitable
for all types of food.

The traditional methods of drying smoking, salting or pickling foods were widely used long before it was
known why these methods were effective. It is now known that the processes of decay are accelerated by
enzymes already present in the food cells and by bacteria or other micro –organism which may be already
present or may come from external sources. To preserve food from decay, it is neccessary either to destroy the
bacteria or to create an environment in which bacteria cannot multiply and enzymes are inactivated. Bacteria
can be destroyed by heat and be inactived by depriving them of misture. Enzymes can be inactivated by cold or
by reducing the moisture content.

The moisture content of food can be reduced by drying it in the sun or by othe rmeans. Meat, or fish
suspended over a smoking fire is partly dried and the smoke also has bactericidal properties. But to understand
why salt and vinegar are effective preservatives, it is necessary to consider some physical principles.

1. The topic of the whole test is.... D. The best method of drying meat
A. Food preservation E. The moisture content of food
B. The processes of decay 2. What speeds up the processes of decay?
C. The enzymes in food cells A. Moisture and heat
 B. Enzymes and heat A. Keep the food fresh
C. Bacteria and misture B. Preserve the flavour of the food
D. Enzymes and bacteria C. Prevent the food from getting soft
E. Moisture and enzymes D. Make the food taste much better
3. Smoke is used to preserve meat because E. Store the food dor later use
it.... 5. Which of the following statements is NOT
A. Improves the taste of meat TRUE about methods of preservation?
B. Reduces the number of food cells A. Our ancestors knew several methods of
C. Dries the meat and kills the bacteria preservation
D. Promotes the growth of micro – B. Pickling vegetables is an old way of
organisms preservation
E. Accelarates the process of activating C. Drying fish in the sun is a familiar
enzymes method of preservation
4. The process of decay must be halted by D. Traditional methods of preservation are
treating the food in a way which does not very effective
make it unpalatable (lines 3-5). The E. The only correct method of
underlined word indicate that the food is preservation for evry kind of food
treated in a way that can.... smoking

Text II

People are often surprised to learn just how long some varieties of trees can live. If asked to estimate
the age of the oldest living trees, they often come up with guesses in the neighborhood of two to three hundred
years. The real answer is considerably larger than that , more than five thousand years.

The tree that wins the prize for its considerable maturity is the bristle cone pine of California. This venerable
pine predates wonders of the ancient world such as the pyramids of Egypt and the hanging Garden of Babylon.
It is not nearly as tell as the giant redwood, which is also from california, and in fact it is actually not very tall
compared with many others trees, often little more than five meters in height . this relatively short height may
be one of the factors that aid the bristel cone pine in living to a ripe old age-high winds and inclement weather
cannot easly reach the shorter trees and cause damage. An additional factor that contributes the long life of the
bristle cone one is that it has a high percentage of resin, which prevents rot from developing in the tree trunk
and branches.

6. The topic of the passage is.... 7. The following contribute to the age of the
A. The size of the bristle cone pine bristle cone pine, except....
B. Three – hundred –years – old forest A. Its short height
C. The wonders of the ancient world B. Its large amount of resin
D. The oldest living tree C. Its ability to resist rotting
E. The big trees in the world D. Its strong trunk
E. Its effect the weather

Tesk III

Underlying all the complications of translation is the fundamental fact that languages differ a lot. In fact, so
different are that some insist that one cannot communicate in one language what has been said orginally in
another. Neverthless, as linguists and antropologist have discovered, that which unites making is much greater
than that which divides, and hence three is =, even in case of very different languages and cultures, basis for
communication. This common core of human experience and the relatable modes of speaking about it do not,
however, , elimate the striking and fundamental difference between languages. Moreover, the differences seem
to be not only far more numerous than similarities, but also to provide many more obstacles to understanding
than the similiraties are able to clear away.

8. What is the paragraph about? A. Culture is the basis of communication

A. The differences between languages B. Translating is complicated because
B. The effect of translation on languages languages differ from one another
C. The problems faced in translation C. Diffferences between languages are not
D. The differences and similarities of important in translation
languages D. What has been said in one language
E. The absence of similarities between cannot be repeated in anpther language
languages E. Linguists and anthropologies have
9. What is the main information of the important roles in translation
paragraph?

Text IV

The ideals that children hold have important implications for their school experiences. Children who ...(10)...
the value of hard work and responsibility and who attach importance to education are likely to have higher
academic achivement and fewer ...(11)... problems than those who do not have these ideals. They are also less
likely to drop out of school. Such shildren; are move likely to use their out-of-school time in ways that reinforce
learning...(12)... high school students who believe in hard work, responsibility and the value of...(13)... spend
about 3 more hours a week on homework than do other students. This is a ...(14)... difference since the average
students spends only about 5 hours a week doing homework.

10. A. Believe in D. consequently

B. agree with E. eventually
C. practice in 13. A. Entertainment
D. trust in B. exercise
E. comply with C. experiment
11. A. Discipline D. education
B. disciplinal E. economy
C. disciplinarian 14. A. Signify
D. disciplinable B. signifinance
E. disciplinary C. significant
12. A. Such as D. signification
B. for example E. signified
C. therefore

Text I

Many of us still believe that in order to be healthy we must have eight hours of sleep a night; or that if
we sleep poorly over a period of time, we’ll get lines in our faces, bags under our eyes, a worn look, and wworst
of all, be unable to perform our daily tasks efficiently.
 ‘Untrue’ says Dr. Alice Kuhn Schwartz, psycilogist and co-author of somnniquest. “You may look awful to
yourself, but except for the first hour or so in the morning when you probably will be puffy-eyed due to
depletion of a certain hormone that’s the result of lack of sleep, you’ll soon looklike your usual self and perform
normally. If you do feel worn, the cause is stress, not lack of sleep. Also, there is no number of hours you must
sleep to maintain good health. Some people get along beutifully on four and half hours, others sleep nine hours.
Anywhere within that range is normal.”

Recent studies of patient at sleep clinics have reveated significant facts about the causes of insomnia as
well as ways to deal with it. It’s no suprise that stress and depression ( over family, health, job, or other
problem) are linked to insomnia. Also, insomnia may be caused by physical illines: itching, aches, asthma,
arthritis, ulcers, and heart problems that involve shortness of breath or difficulty in breathing.

In order to overcome insomnia, millions of Americans turn to drugs-both over-the- counter drugs and
prescription drugs. ‘No pill will produce normal sleep,’ says Dr. James Maynard, sponsor of Sleep Studies at New
Jersey Medical School. ‘You reach no proper levels of sleep through a pill; you’re merely sedated”.

1. The topic of the text is.... A. Others do not look awful

A. The role of sleep in keeping us healthy B. You do not see that you look awful
B. The way people look after a sleepless C. Others find that you look awful
night D. You think that others do not look well
C. The way to overcome insomnia E. You may look fine to others
D. The result of not being able to sleep 4. Findings show that the following are causes
E. Opinions and findings on insomnia of insomnia, except....
2. Which of the following statements is NOT A. Illinesses
TRUE according to Dr. Schwartz? B. Headaches
A. Lack of sleep may lead to the sepletion C. Problems
of a certain hormone D. Tiredness
B. Some people need more sleep than E. Frustation
others 5. From the text we may conclude that....
C. If people do not have enough sleep, A. Studies have found the cure for
they will work inefficiently insomnia
D. Stress is one of the causes of insomnia B. Insomnia may lead to heavy depression
E. Health does not depend on the hours of C. Pills are an effective cure for insomnia
sleep D. Sleep clinics are becoming very popular
3. “ You may look awful to youreself “ in line E. Insomnia cannot be cured by drugs
4-5 implies that....

Text II

The reason why tea is so popular as a drink is that, unlike soft drinks for example, it contains a drug, which
stimulates the nervous system. The tea plant is a kind of bush, and tea is made from the very young leaves of
this plant. Tea, used mainly as a drink and also as a kind of medicine, was first know to have been drunk in A.D.
780 in China, but was probably common long before that.

6. The paragraph mainly discusses.... 7. Its is said that tea stimulates the nervous
A. When tea became a common drink system because.....
B. Why people drink tea A. It is made from young tea leaves
C. How people drink tea B. It can make people drunk
D. Where tea was first known C. It taste different from soft drink
E. What stimulates the nervous system D. It dates back A.D. 780
E. It has a medicinal substance
Text III

There aremany ways of communicating that do not utilize language. Cries of warning and aggression, of
contentment and affection, are forms of communication not limitted to men. Or, on the human level, the dirty
look, which may convey worlds of meaning, does not involve language. Gesture, too, are forms of
communication, although these seem always involved with culturaly defined habits. The nod of the head means
“yes” to the American, but a single nod in the middle East is a clear “no”. Plainl, there are many ways of
conveying messaages of which language is but the major one for human beings.

8. The main information of the text is about.... B. Only language can convey messages
A. Ways of conveying messages clearly in all cultures
B. Different perceptions of communication C. One’s dirty look can express one’s
C. Culturally defined habits emotions to others
D. Language, a way of communications D. Human beings do not always have to
E. Differents meaning of gestures use language to communicate
9. Which of the following atatements is NOT E. Gestures are culturally clear signal to
TRUE according to the text? convey messages
A. The same gestures may have different
meanings

Text IV

The old belief that the universe never changes is quite wrong. Even ...(10)... the invention of the telescope,
astronomers noticed that bright star suddenly ...(11)... in the sky, and then later dissappeared. These stars were
called ‘novae’...(12)... they were though to be new. In fact we now know that they are really old stars, which are
slowly dying, A recent case of nova...(13)... in 1918, and one of the few people who saw this was the American
astronomer Edwards Bernard. He was driving along in a car occasionally looking up into the sky. Suddenly he
notices a star that he had never seen before, and exclaimed, “that star should not be there!” he was in fact
watching the ...(14)... of a nova.

10. A. When D. moreover

B. until E. nebertheless
C. while 13. A. Occured
D. since B. displayed
E. before C. showed
11. A. Returned D. came
B. observed E. saw
C. appeared 14. A. Explode
D. entered B. explosive
E. brightened C. explosion
12. A. Although D. explosiveness
B. because E. explosively
C. however

Text I

There are separate sources of hazard in the processing of suppliying energy by nuclear power. The
radioactive material just travel from of manufactures to the power station. Although the power stations
themselves are solidly built, the containers used for the transport of the materials are not. There are normally
only two methods of transport of the material are not. There are normally only two methods of transport
available, namely road or rail unfortunately both of these involve close contant with the general public, since
the routes are sure to pass near, or even through, heavily populated areas.

Next, there is the problem of waste. Allowance nuclear power stations produce wastes that in most
cases will remain radioactive, and so they must be stored in one of the inconvenient ways that scientist have
invented. For example they may be buried under the ground , or dropped into abandoned mines, or sunk in the
sea. However, these methods do not solve the problem, since an earthquake could easly crack the containers
open.

Finally, there is problem of accidental exposure due to a leak or an explosion at the power station. As
with the other two hazards, this is not very likely, so it does not provide a serious objection to the nuclear
program. Nevertheless, it can happen.

Separately these three types of risks are not a great cause for concern. On the whole though, the probability
of disaster is still high.

1. The whole text tell us about.... C. Radioactive wastes become non

A. The danger of transporting radioactive radioactive when they are sunk inthe
materials sea
B. The way to make radioactive wastes not D. Only earthquake can change radioactive
dangerous for people wastes into non radioactive wastes
C. The potential dangers in supplying E. Natural disasters may cause very
energy by nuclear power serious leaks in buried containers of
D. The accidents caused by nuclear power radioactive wastes
stations 4. In spite of the problems which are likely to
E. People’s objection tothe establisment occur in supplying energy by nuclear power,
of nuclear stations the writer thinks that....
2. What makes the transport of radioactive A. People will sttrongly to it
materials dangerous for people’s lives? B. The probability of disasters is high
A. The road C. Hazards should be rigidly controlled
B. The contianers D. It’s worth conducting nuclear programs
C. The rail E. There is a great cause for concern
D. The power station 5. We may conclude from the third paragraph
E. The heavily populated areas that the problem of accidental exposure is
3. Which of the following statements is TRUE caused by.....
about radioactive wastes? A. Human error
A. There will be no more danger when B. An earthquake
radioactive eastes are buries C. Radioactive wastes
underground D. Hazards
B. There is no change of saving peoples E. Bad design of the nuclear station
lives from radioactive wastes
Text II

Among the various effects of air pollution , climatic are slow, the deterioration of health is insidious, and the
damage to plants, animals, or materials seems remote to those not directly involved. But smoke is visible to all,
and the stinks of sulfides are all over. As a result, most complaints by individuals to air pollution agencies to
something that can be seen or smalled.

6. What is the main idea of the paragraph/ E. Complaints by individuals have been
A. The effect of air pollution on people’s pollution agencies
lives can be direct an indirect 7. The main information about the paragraph
B. People are not directly affected by the is.....
damage of plant and animals A. The danger of air pollution
C. People complain about all the B. The slow climatic change
pollutants in the air C. The effects of air pollution
D. Climatic change does not immediately D. Wastes emitted by air pollution
have an effect on people’s lives E. Complaints about air pollution

Text III

Both the sun and the moon appear larger when they are rising or setting although there is not real
difference in the distance they are from the earth. This perceptional phenomenon, known as the ‘Moon Ilusion’
has been studied over the years. Various explanations, including the muscle strain for the person looking up and
the comparison of the moon with other things on the horizon that make it appear larger, have been disputed by
scientist but thus far the three is no widely accepted explation of the phenomenon.

8. What is the topic of the passage? studied for years, scientist don’t agree
A. Perceived sizes of the sin and moon about its cause
B. Comparison of objects on the horizon C. The already known distance of the sun
C. Perceptions of distance and moon from the earth explains the
D. The rising and the setting of the sun and ‘Moon Illusions’
the moon D. All the answers to the questions of
E. The ‘Moon Illusions’ what causes the phenomenon are the
9. Which of the following statements is TRUE same
about the ‘Moon Illusions’? E. Scientist do not think that the
A. Through various experiments scientist mysteryof the ‘Moon Illusions’ can be
discovered the cause of ‘moon illusions’ solved
B. Although the phenomenon has been
studied for years, scientist don’t agree

Text IV

In canning, heat can be used to destroy bacteria and halt enzymes activity in food. Bacterial ...(10)...
from external sources is prevented sources is prevented by sealing the food in a can. The can is then heated to a
temperature ...(11)... to sterilize the contents. The lenght of time and the temperature ...(12)... to ensure
sterilization depend on the type of bacteria to be destroyed.
 It is important that the contents of the can are heated ...(13)... An experimental check can be made on the
exact temperature in any part of a sample can ...(14)... it is being heated by inserting a thermocouple in to the
can.

10. A. Influence D. requisition

B. effect E. required
C. contamination 13. A. Unity
D. excess B. uniform
E. infectiousness C. uniformity
11. A. Regular D. uniformly
B. convinient E. uniformed
C. operative 14. A. While
D. sufficient B. because
E. complete C. whereas
12. A. Require D. since
B. requirement E. so that
C. requsite

Text I

Health official who made checks ata cemetries discovered that the cemetries had become of the main causes for
the spread of dengue fever in urban. They were shocked to find a lot of aides’ mosquito’s breeding in cemetries.
The aides mosquito spreads dengue hemorrhagic Fever, DHF, to man.

The officials found a lot of pots, bottles and vases holding flowers at the graves left there bypeople visiting the
graves of their relatives. These