DEFINITION OF FAMILY 13.

Each family is made up of different social roles, like

those of husband, wife, mother, father, children, brothers
The family is an intimate domestic group made up of people or sisters.
related to one another by bonds of blood, sexual mating or legal
ties. It is the smallest and most basic social unit, which is also the FUNCTIONS OF FAMILY
most important primary group found in any society.
1. As a social group and as an important social institution,
It is the simplest and most elementary group found in a society. It family performs various functions that are as follows:
is a social group consisting of a father, mother and one or more 2. Family is a unit through which procreation takes place.
children. It is the most immediate group a child is exposed to. In Marriage sanctions sexual relationships, and it also
fact, it is the most enduring group, which has tremendous influence establishes a family, which is further reinforced with the
on the life of an individual, from birth until death. It also accounts birth of children.
for the most enduring social relationship found in society. Family 3. The process of reproduction is institutionalized, regulated
has been defined by different social scientists. and controlled in a family. The family legitimizes the act
of reproduction.
Some of these definitions are given below: 4. Family helps in propagation of human species and
'Family is a group defined by sexual relationship, sufficiently perpetuation of human race.
precise and enduring to provide for the procreation and upbringing 5. Family provides an individual with an identity.
of children.’ - Maclver 6. It is through the family that every family name is carried
on from one generation to another.
"The family, almost without question, is the most important of any 7. Family is responsible for the production and upbringing
groups that human experience offers... the family ... is with us of children.
always, or more precisely, we are with it." - Eliot and Merrill 8. Family is an important agent of socialization. The primary
socialization of any individual takes place within the
'Family is a group of persons united by ties of marriage, blood or
family. The immediate family members teach all the
adoption constituting a single household interacting and inter-
basic rules and norms of social life to a child.
communicating with each other in their respective social roles of
9. Family is also an important agent of cultural
husband and wife, father and mother, son and daughter, brother
transmission. Culture is transmitted from one generation
and sister, creating a common culture.'
to another through family. All the aspects of culture are
- Burgess and Locke learnt within the family structure.
10. Family is a great source of strength, emotional and
'Family is a group of persons, whose relations to one another are psychological, for its members. All the members are
based upon consanguinity and who are therefore kin to one aware that they can depend upon their family in the times
another." of need.
11. Family provides an individual with a home, and
- Kingsley Davis
establishes enduring social relationships.
CHARACTERISTICS OF FAMILY 12. The family is the basis of division of labor, where all
members have their duties and obligations towards each
1. Family is a Universal group. It is found in some form or other.
the other, in all types of societies whether primitive or 13. A family fulfills the economic needs of its members. This
modern. function has undergone transformation, with families
2. A family is based on marriage, which results in a mating moving from being production and consumption units in
relationship between two adults of opposite sex. earlier times, to becoming more of consuming units
3. Every family provides an individual with a name, and rather than a producing one. Now-a- days, members of a
hence, it is a source of nomenclature. family no longer produce things themselves; rather, they
4. Family is the group through which descent or ancestry go out and work for some monetary remuneration or
can be traced. wages.
5. Family is the most important group in any individual's life. 14. Family is traditionally responsible for the education of the
6. Family is the most basic and important group in primary children.
socialization of an individual. 15. Family also has a recreational function. Earlier, most
7. A family is generally limited in size, even large, joint and recreation was family- based. Family gatherings during
extended families. festivals, functions, family reunions, marriages, brought
8. The family is the most important group in society; it is the entire families together. Now-a-days, taking family
nucleus of all institutions, organizations and groups. members out on holidays or for movies, plays, dinners,
9. Family is based on emotions and sentiments. Mating, or parties, etc., perform the same function.
procreation, maternal and fraternal devotion, love and
affection are the basis of family ties. TYPES OF FAMILY
10. The family is a unit of emotional and economic
1. NUCLEAR FAMILY
cooperation.
11. Each member of family shares duties and Nuclear families consist of two parents and at least one child.
responsibilities. When you think of a traditional family structure-married parents
12. Every family is made up of husband and wife, and/or one and their children (either biological or adopted) in a family home-
or more children, both natural and adopted.
that's a nuclear family. They're also called "elementary" families  Income can be tough to manage if the parents support
and tend to be among the most common types-though numbers several different relatives.
have started decreasing in recent years. The core idea behind
nuclear families is that parents raise kids together under one roof. 4. SAME SEX FAMILY

Strengths: Same-sex families simply have two parents of the same gender. A
same-sex family structure is similar to the nuclear family type.
 There are two parents to set good examples for the kids. However, kids are raised by same-gender parents who are
Joint salaries tend to make life more financially stable. typically married or in a committed partnership, with children either
 Home life is often more consistent for kids. adopted or biologically related to one parent. This family structure
become more common after same-sex marriage was legalized in
Weaknesses: the United States in 2015, and LGBT rights gained more social
acceptance.
 This family unit tends to share like-minded ideas and
may struggle to resolve conflicts with extended family Strengths:
members who have differing opinions.
 Living apart from extended relatives can weaken the  There are two parents to set a good example for their
family's support system. kids.
 Two salaries make it easier to afford childcare.
2. SINGLE PARENT FAMILY  Despite concerns that same-sex families aren't healthy
Single-parent families involve one parent raising one or more for kids, research shows that kids of same-parents do as
children. The family unit often consists of a mother and her kids, a well (or better than) kids from nuclear families in terms of
father and his kids, or a person and their kids, though they may their well- being, development, education, and more.
also get support from extended family. Single-parent families have Weaknesses:
become increasingly common due to rising divorce rates and more
kids being born out of wedlock. As outdated gender roles decline,  Much like nuclear families, excluding extended relatives
more people feel comfortable being parents while single! can undermine the family support system.
Strengths: 5. FAMILY WITHOUT CHILDREN

 The parent and their kids often become especially close. Families without kids often consist of couples in committed
 Kids tend to learn responsibility from a young age. relationships. Simply put, some couples either can't have kids or
 Both the parent and children tend to be very resilient. choose not to have them-but that doesn't mean they aren't a
family. In fact, families without children are rising in number as
Weaknesses: more and more couples today decide they don't ever want to have
kids. Rather, many childless families tend to focus on caring for
 It may be harder to make ends meet with only one
pets or helping to care for their nieces and nephews.
income.
 Childcare can be difficult for a parent working full-time. Strengths:
 Extended families consist of multiple extended relatives
living together.  Couples have more one-on-one time together.
 Couples also have more disposable income without
3. EXTENDED FAMILY childcare expenses.
 They have the freedom to travel and pursue different
In an extended family, parents live with their kids and other
careers.
relatives (related by either blood or marriage) under one roof, such
as aunts, uncles, cousins, or grandparents. Next to nuclear Weaknesses:
families, this structure is also considered fairly traditional. Families
tend to do this so that they can raise their kids together and  If infertility is an issue and the couple wants kids, being
support one another along the way. childless can be painful.
 Couples may feel a little isolated when other friends or
Strengths: family start having kids.
 These families emphasize values like respect, courtesy, 6. STEP FAMILY
and caring for the elderly.
 The family has more social support among all the various Stepfamilies involve two separate families merging into one new
relatives. unit. When divorced or widowed parents remarry someone new-
 In an extended family, there are more people to help with sometimes with children of their own-the result is a blended
chores. stepfamily. While it can be tough to transition into a stepfamily
structure, some children come to see their stepparents as close
Weaknesses: relatives or even parents; as they come together, stepfamilies must
learn to work together and rely on one another.
 If living space is limited, lack of privacy can be
problematic. Strengths:
  Children get to bond with their stepsiblings and
stepparents.
RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF FAMILY MEMBERS
 Kids get to have two (or more) parental figures to look up
to. Family members must live together in harmony and peace. To
 This family type also gets to rely on two incomes instead accomplish this, each family member must be aware of the duties
of one. and responsibilities expected of him or her. You must be able to do
your job and be willing to do it at the same time. The distribution of
Weaknesses:
household chores depends on the age, sex and health of each
 Parents and children may take time to adjust to their new member.
family dynamic. Some examples of duties and responsibilities of each family
 Parents may have problems disciplining one another's member include:
children.
Father
7. GRAND PARENT FAMILY
The father is the breadwinner and the main provider of the family.
In grandparent families, grandparents care for kids instead of He makes the most important family decisions together with the
parents. Though considered fairly rare, research shows that mother and with the help of other members. This is the traditional
grandparent families are actually becoming more common.[8] role of the father. Today, this role has been changed to include
Grandparent families often form when parents of children can't (or other responsibilities. In addition to being a breadwinner, he is also
refuse to) take proper care of their kids and one or more of the actively involved in running the house and helping to care for
children's grandparents step up instead. In those cases, children such as taking them to school, attending school meetings,
grandparents typically fulfill the role of parents in their and shopping with them. He can do gardening, do home repairs,
grandchildren's lives. and even help with the mother and with buying and preparing
Strengths: family meals.

 This kind of family prevents kids from entering the foster  Provision of money, food and shelter for the family
care system.  Make important decisions.
 Kids get a stable life with two parental figures to look up Mother
to.
 Grandparents have the chance to form a deeper bond The mother is the administrator and treasurer of the family.
with their grandkids. Supervises and coordinates household chores, cares for children,
prepares the family budget, plans and prepares family meals.
Weaknesses: Today, mothers also help earn a living to increase family income.
 Income may be an issue if the grandparents don't work  Prepare food and keep the house in order
full-time jobs.  Nurture and educate children, teaching children's moral
 It may be tough for grandparents to care for kids as they values and values.
get older.  It is important to note that the above else and any other
8. POLYMOROUS FAMILY traditional roles assigned to either parent could be
assigned by either parent. In fact, both parents should
Polyamorous families include two or more parents raising kids congratulate each other in performing all of these roles.
together. This is a fairly new family structure, often seen as
unconventional. Polyamory refers to committed relationships Children
between two or more partners who are open to romantic
 Obey your parents.
connections with other people as well-and in poly families, those
 Help with household chores, particularly in the kitchen,
partners raise kids together. For example, a family that practices
garden, laundry, car wash, etc.
polyamory could have three fathers and a mother or two mothers
 Meet the expectations of the family.
and two fathers.
 Get good grades in school.
Strengths:
Sisters Role Example
 Bigger families often enjoy greater stability.
 The girls help the mother to do the housework. These
 There's more income for childcare and living expenses.
include cleaning, preparing meals, setting and cleaning
 There are more parents to share in the challenges and
the table, running errands, and going to the market with
responsibilities of childcare.
the mother. Older girls with additional chores, such as
Weaknesses: washing, ironing clothes, and caring for younger brothers
and sisters.
 There may be legal challenges to figure out (many
regions have restrictions on listing parents for a child's Example of Role of the male siblings
birth certificate).
 Children are generally assigned heavy work in the home.
 Kids with polyamorous parents may have to deal with
This includes mopping the floor, fetching water, planting
other people's judgment of their family structure.
 and watering plants, cleaning the yard, and running Transition from being a member of a couple to being a
errands. Carpentry work is assigned to older boys who parent. Goals when children join your family are to:
can assist father in making repairs around the house. 1. Adjust your relationship to make space for children. •
 Each of these roles is given a status. The higher the 2. Take on parenting roles.
status assigned to a role, the greater the authority, 3. Realign your relationships with your extended family to
privileges, and reward awarded to that role. include parenting and grand parenting roles.
 The path to family success and marital happiness begins  Parenting adolescents
from the moment young people decide they are ready for A rough time for a family.
marriage. It is at this point that they need to know what It can test your relationship skills. Goals during the stage
they are starting. of parenting teens are to:
1. Shift parent-child relationships to allow the child to
Changes in family roles today become more independent.
2. Begin a shift toward concern for generations in your
 In many families, both fathers and mothers work. And
older extended family.
while women still seem to take on most of the
responsibility for daily family operations, more fathers are Stage 4: Launching adult children stage
taking on a greater role in parenting and household
duties.  "empty nest."
 Father and mother, as well as the girls and boys in the  Challenged to accept new members into your family
family, participate in almost all the tasks of the house. relationships through your children's
Sometimes girls do garden while boys help with cooking  goals:
and caring for younger brothers and sisters. There are 1. Refocus on other relationships.
times when the father takes care of the house while the 2. Form adult relationships with your grown children.
mother has to do some work outside the house. 3. Realign relationships to include in-laws and
 A family's domestic activities may differ from those of grandchildren if your children start their own families.
other families. Large families mean more members to
Stage 5: Retirement or senior years
share household chores. High-income families can afford
to hire outside help that can do most of the household  A fulfilling and happy time.
chore. Families with small incomes have to distribute  Goals:
household chores among the members. 1. Maintain your own interests and physical function as
 A housework program is an effective tool that will ensure your body ages.
that family members participate in household chores 2. Give emotional support to your adult children and
during their free time. The program is also a reminder to grandchildren as well as other family members.
each member what they are expected to do and 3. Deal with the loss of peers and prepare for your own
accomplish at home every day. The timeline must be death.
flexible. You can also include the date when the work 4. Review your life and reflect on all you have learned
must be done by the members to avoid confusion. and experienced during your life.
FAMILY CYCLE FAMILY GOALS AND VALUES
Stage 1: Independence Stage Family Goals That You Must Set for Your Family
 the most critical stage Here are a few family goals ideas that you may wish to take up for
 goals: your family:
1. Learn to see yourself as a separate person in relation
to your parents, siblings, and extended family members. 1. Daily Goals
2. Form intimate peer relationships outside the family. You may like to start with making daily family goals like
3. Establish yourself in your work or career. waking up early and retiring to bed on time. You can
incorporate daily pray or meditation time for the whole
Stage 2: Coupling Stage family. You can devise simple routines like try and eat at
least one meal together, prepare ahead for the next day,
 you can see if you can commit to a new family and a new
nightly story time, or simply sharing stories about the day
way of life
spent with each other before calling it a night.
 goals:
2. Health Goals
1. Form a new family with your partner.
Health can be one of your yearly family goals. The entire
2. Realign your relationships with your family of origin
family can work hard together to improve their health by
and your friends to include your partner.
indulging in healthy activities. You can do so by creating
Stage 3: Parenting Stage time each day with your kids to play sports like playing
football or badminton in the backyard. Parents can go for
 The most challenging phases of the family life cycle. This walks while kids cycle or play in the park. You can opt for
stage parenting includes young children and parenting healthier meals by making better food choices. Consider
adolescents. changing activities or including new ones every two
 Parenting young children weeks, to prevent things from becoming monotonous.
3. Financial Goals 9. Reassess Electronics
Managing finances of the family can be quite Time Have you noticed how much time you and your
challenging, given the rising inflation and cost of living. family members spend with your respective gadgets,
Therefore, strategizing finances can be one of the long- playing games, checking messages, or surfing social
term family goals. The family must sit down to compose media, instead of interacting with each other? It's usually
ideas for a budget, to keep track of the income, quite a lot in this day and age. The fact is, the time spent
expenditure, and savings. The family can plan family on devices can cause the family to miss out on premium
activities better like kid's education, vacations, sports, family time. Thus, it may bear well to form gadget-free
and unexpected expenses, by viewing the earnings and time zones, as one of the weekly family goals, where all
spending. family members can focus on simply being together.
4. Becoming more Organized 10. Serve Together as a Family
You may like to ponder over inventing a system for You may like to look for means where the family, as one,
chores at home, to ensure that they happen smoothly. can participate in opportunities to help people, the local
For example, there can be a place fixed for putting the community, and society at large as part of family monthly
car keys or collecting dirty clothes to be washed. Getting goal ideas. It can be any activity, something as simple as
organized as a family can take off the pressure that may de-cluttering and cleaning the neighborhood, donating
arise due to managing daily chores. If the family stuff to an orphanage, or volunteering at a local hospital.
members are clear about their responsibilities and duties, It may not only help develop feelings of compassion and
like an older kid may be assigned the task of taking out empathy in children, but also aid in expanding their
the garbage, younger children can help with cleaning of outlook towards life.
the house, setting the table for meals, etc., life can be a
breeze. Traditional Filipino Family Values That Define Us
5. Relationship Goals 1. The virtue of self-sacrifice
Adults tend to put all their energy into their children, often
leaving very less time for themselves or anything else. Known for their enduring and close family ties, Filipinos always put
Coining family relationship goals can help you make time their family first. Thus, self-sacrifice is a common trait for Filipinos,
for your partner and socialize with your friends and as they're willing to endure hardships to provide a better life for
relatives. You can always plan a night out or a movie their family. Nothing shows this more clearly than when we hear of
date with your friends, a romantic dinner date with your heartrending stories about Filipinos dying at the hands of ruthless
partner, or family dinners for relatives. Nurturing the employers while working abroad to support families in the
various relations can aid you in fortifying those bonds, Philippines. It is also not uncommon to see Filipinos work
thus enabling you to strengthen your support system. themselves to the bones even when afflicted with illness and
6. Downtime Goals despite barely earning an income to support their loved ones.
Our busy schedules stop us from spending quality time
2. Honoring our elders
together like a family. One parent may be dropping off
one kid to the sports complex, while the other parent may A trait Filipinos possess is their respect for elders. People of all
be taking the second child for his tuition, simultaneously. ages know how to show respect and courtesy. The use of "Po" or
Conflicting schedules can pull the complete family in "Opo" is just one of the ways we show our respect for older people.
different directions, depriving them of any bonding time. Honoring our elders goes beyond how we address them; we are
Thus, designing downtime for the family becomes also duty-bound to provide care and financial support in their old
crucial, where the outside world is shut off totally, to have age. As well as showing respect for the elderly, we are also taught
meaningful interactions with each other. to respect older siblings and cousins by respectfully addressing
7. Vacation Goals them as 'Ate' or 'Kuya."
Hatching family vacations yearly is important for the
overall happiness quotient of the family. Explore all 3. Filipino hospitality
possibilities and go in for doable family trips, taking into
The Filipino culture is characterized by a strong sense of hospitality
consideration the money aspect and time factor. Family
that dates back since time immemorial and is ingrained in our
holidays can be a wonderful way to gift your child's
DNA. Thus, Filipinos are distinguished wherever they are in the
beautiful memories and amazing experiences. It may
world for their exceptional warmth and hospitality. Filipino
also help children get a different and wider perspective
hospitality is truly unrivaled; from serving food and drinks, and
on things in general.
offering guests a place to stay to treating visitors like old friends,
8. Academic Goals
there is nothing quite like it.
Lay down academic goals based on kids' academic
strong points and weaknesses, which may assist in 4. Filipino generosity
improving performance, increasing confidence and
motivating them to do better in the future. You can enlist Filipinos are known for their generosity which is evident through
the help of teachers in designing academic goals. Also, their tradition of sharing with family, friends, and even strangers.
don't forget yourself! Get enrolled in the class or We can attribute such generosity to Filipinos' innate compassion,
workshop you had planned on taking up. But could never embodied in the phrase "malasakit sa kapwa." Such remarkable
find the time to do. It's time you take charge and stop generosity did not go unnoticed when a prominent CNN
putting off your academic goals. correspondent, Anderson Cooper came to the Philippines to cover
the aftermath of the strongest typhoon that ever hit the country,
hurricane Yolanda. As he was wandering through the hurricane- but many of them still are. Anthony Bourdain, one of the most
damaged areas, the kind gestures of the survivors touched his famous chefs, extolled the compassion and generosity of Filipinos
heart. Because despite the locals' dilapidated makeshift shelters when he visited the country years ago. Anderson Cooper, a CNN
and meager food supply, they still offered him whatever little they journalist, echoed the same sentiment during the aftermath
had inside their humble abode. coverage of the strong typhoon Yolanda. Despite their poverty,
Filipinos would chip in however little to help a sick relative or an
5. Filipino ingenuity impoverished neighbor. Though not all Filipinos give alms to
When things get rough, Filipinos always manage to figure out a beggars, many still do.
way to make things better. You can describe Filipinos as 11. The Filipino work ethic
"maabilidad" or "mapamaraan". As one iconic brand advertisement
famously proclaimed, "We always find ways." I believe such Due to their inherent commitment to quality work, Filipinos have
positive traits cannot be solely credited to Filipinos' inherent earned a reputation as highly reliable, detail-oriented, and diligent
creative nature but also to their unrelenting efforts to make life professionals across various industries. With their keen
better for their loved ones. organizational skills, tenacity, and passion, Filipinos excel at
tackling any job, whether they are engineers, nurses,
6. Filipino resilience entrepreneurs, or blue-collar workers. Along with their dedication to
Filipinos are lauded for their resilience, humor, and optimistic producing excellent work, I believe their commitment to their
disposition despite enduring hardships and adversity. Thus, even families is one of the reasons for such exceptional work ethics.
in the face of life's formidable hurdles, they remain unfazed. Their Filipinos work extremely hard for their loved ones. Their sense of
strong sense of resilience fostered by their love for family and duty to their families spurs them to achieve more in their careers.
steadfast hope in God allow them to power through adversity with CONTEMPORARY FILIPINO FAMILY
courage and grace. You would hardly see Filipinos languish in self-
pity and despair but are more likely to take action and devise Filipino families by culture are known to be closely knitted and
solutions, addressing the problem head-on rather than shrinking centered on good and deep relationships among its members. The
back from it. Filipino family is the center of the Philippine social structure and
includes the nuclear family, aunts, uncles, grandparents, cousins
7. Fear of God and honorary relations such as godparents, sponsors, and close
The Philippines is the only country in Asia where most of its family friends (Villareal, 2018). Even though series of colonization
citizens adhere to Christian principles and beliefs. Thus, the and ongoing distraction to Filipino culture and traditions are
profound fear and reverence for God are deeply ingrained in the perennial as evident to the colonial mentality observed in various
hearts of our people. Our country's rich spiritual heritage has sectors and medias specifically, Filipino families remain strong and
produced a culture steeped in hope, resilience, and a conviction solid in general. This does not safeguard them from certain familial
that God's grace will guide us through life. Therefore, it suffices to problems that are both external and internal in nature. Societal and
say that Filipinos' resilience can largely be attributed to our strong familial distresses may inevitably develop both from within
faith in God. We turn to the Almighty for solace in times of need, (intrafamilial) and without (extrafamilial) the family system
fully trusting that He will help us endure life's turbulent storms. (Masanda, 2019) which may negatively impact its dynamics and
equilibrium.
8. Debt of gratitude
To further situate the contemporary Filipino families, Cruz (2014)
As a people, Filipinos have this enduring adage passed on by our argued that Filipino families are in transition; the society changes,
elders: "Ang hindi lumingon sa pinanggalingan ay di makakarating the technology advances and so as the family. To add to this,
sa paroroonan" English translation: "Anyone who fails to look back transnational families are becoming more prevalent where family
at his roots cannot achieve great success." Being ungrateful members are living in different countries especially the parents
towards elders or people who have helped you on your journey to (Philippine Center for Population and Development, 2014). As one
success is considered unethical and disrespectful, especially if the of the results, families in which grandparents raise children are
people who supported you in difficult times are in dire need of help. gaining more and more traction, this is technically called "skip
generation families" (PCPD). Similarly, technology can also impact
9. Adaptability is one of the traditional Filipino traits that make us
family development negatively, in 2017, it was reported by the
unique
Philippine Daily Inquirer that Filipinos spent an average of 4 hours
There is perhaps no better example to demonstrate Filipinos' and 17 minutes per day on social media such as Facebook,
remarkable adaptability and flexibility than when they work abroad. Snapchatand Twitter. Further, 40 percent of kids under 2 years old
They deal with people from myriad cultures and traditions, yet, they have used a smartphone or tablet and 2 percent of 8 years and
can assimilate seamlessly into the new culture. Such admirable above have used smartphone or tablet (PDI, 2017). In effect, even
ability to adapt to any culture reflects the Filipino's firmly-held value though contemporary technology bridges the gap between
of positivity in all circumstances and affinity for comradeship and transnational families in terms of communication, excessive time
community [pakikisama] spent in social media may harshly affect the quality of relationships
among families (Villareal, 2018).
10. Natural empathy and compassion for others
Changing trends in the family system in the contemporary times
This has been a topic of contention even among Filipinos. Some are well deserving to be noted in order to properly provide
Filipino writers think Filipinos are less compassionate than other guidance to all family members. For instance, the emergence of
nationalities. I beg to disagree. Filipinos aren't all compassionate, solo parent families is now becoming a drift; according to the
national survey of PCPD on 2013, approximately 14%-15% of the despite this we know how relatively well-off the Philippines is
population are solo parents and 7.5% of the Filipino youths aged precisely as one nation. As an American political-scientist friend
15-24 were raised by solo parents, i.e., father only or mother only. observed on returning to the Philippines after a swing through
In a related fashion, the National Demographic and Health Survey, Southeast Asia: "I never saw it so clearly before: when it comes to
the percentage of women aged 15-49 who are in a live-in national unity, the Philippines is monolithic." This was several
arrangement increased from 6% in 1998 to 14.5% in 2013. In a years before the current "troubles" in the South, and before Martial
similar note, the percentage of youth aged 15-24 in a live-in Law, but we dare say that for the great majority of Filipinos, at least
arrangement increased from 4.7% in 1994 to 13.8% in 2013 the statement is truer now than ever before.
(Young Adult Fertility and Sexuality Survey, 2014). Generally,
therefore, the composition of Filipino families can be said as EVOLVING A SATISFYING FAMILY LIFE
changing as the emergence of the 'not-so-usual' families (e.g., Relationships between family members are embedded into broader
Villareal, 2018) is evident. There are other factors that might family system and are more often than not dependent on the
contribute to this changing view of the composition of the Filipino relationships with the rest of the family members (Cox & Paley,
families which may impact their equilibrium and dynamics as a 1997). According to Burges (1927) the family is primarily a
system. Hence, a responsive approach to this familial situation process, an interactive system affected by all of its members; it is
must be faced and addressed. The guidance and counseling not a simple structure or household - social unit. We cannot
profession has absolutely a great role to play in such scenario as understand the behavior of one of the family members if we do not
guidance services go beyond the boundaries of the school. As a examine one's relationship with the other members of the family,
response henceforth to this clamor, this paper aimed to build a the nature of their interaction, development and the changes in
bridge in dealing with familial concerns using a guidance- oriented their personality. Additionally, one of the fundamental functions of
approach through a counseling program. the family is seeking help as well as support for the individual
THE FILIPINO FAMILY AND THE COMMUNITY needs of the other family members. Even though it is difficult to
determine the ways which would create a positive family
Among Filipinos, and among social scientists who specialize in atmosphere, certain strategies such as open communication,
Philippine society, the family has long been a subject of special mutual respect and the relationship equality, showing mutual
interest for the influence of this institution is all- pervasive. Some interests, encouragement, showing mutual interest and
claim, in fact, that the Philippines survives and prospers largely by encouraging the expression of one's attitudes and opinions as well
virtue of traditional values associated with just three institutions, as encouraging the need to give an opportunity to every family
namely, family, social class, and religion. This is an overstatement member to explain their wishes, interests, attitudes and opinions
of the case, but there can be no doubt that the Filipino family plays may encourage it. From the problems' perspective, studies of
a critical role in the nation's life - a role many say is not likely to be families are often based on the examinations of changes in the
greatly altered in the near future. family's structure, "separated" family problems, family violence, the
influence of trauma on the family members, parents' competencies
The influence of the local community on the lives of those who live etc. in order to improve the quality of life within the family. In that
there is also great. But the evidence suggests that this formative context, this paper starts from the questions regarding family life
power is to be found less in the official leadership than in the satisfaction in addition to family communication and cohesion with
informal network of friends, neighbors, and kinsmen with whom the the goal of encouraging future opportunities in the family
individual allies himself or is willy-nilly allied. For while the average empowerment as well as finding conceptual methods that would
Filipino citizen today may think of and name some government increase the level of positive family relationships and healthy
person or agency (as if by conditioned reflex) when he is asked the development of children and the youth (Zloković & Čekolj, 2018).
solution for any number of basic problems, the fact is that for most Mutual family cohesion, support, positive and encouraging family
people the effective answer to these difficulties is their own alliance atmosphere, the way and level of family communication and its
networks - those who are close to them, and somehow bound to interaction with wider social environment, self-perception of
help them. satisfaction with family and family life can encourage, but also slow
It is clear, at any rate, that relatively few local leaders on the down and limit one's personality development (Zloković, 2012).
Philippine scene today have the ability to unify their communities According to Čudina-Obradović and Obradović (2003), the
as did the datus (we are told) of pre-Spanish times. In those days, experience of parenting consists of the satisfaction with the child,
the local datu was the focal point and recipient of attention, service, oneself as a parent, established relationship between oneself and
crop shares, and loyalty; but he was, as well, the redistributor of one's child and its development. They believe that the experience
those goods which wealth and power had brought him, and the of parenting can be either positive, negative or with mixed signs.
assurance of his people's peaceful existence. To the extent that he In the studies examining family relationships, self-perception of
follows this ancient model (and some approximate it closely), personal feelings while performing parental tasks, mutual
today's mayor or barangay captain may be a genuine social force relationships, satisfaction and quality of family life is often expected
in the community. But we fear that such charism and clout are in and needed. Despite the opportunities to provide socially expected
limited supply today. For most people, getting on is above all a and acceptable answers, self-evaluations of personal emotions
question of getting along- with their social allies. often represent valuable source of information. Self-perception
We think of the Philippine nation, we are well aware of the present testifies on the level of awareness of parents about his role in his
problems it faces in the South. Armed secessionist groups have in child's life. Additionally, it stimulates children/young people's
the past few years taken a toll in Jives and property that the people questioning of certain personal contributions to the quality of family
and the Armed Forces of the Philippines can ill afford to pay. Yet life.
Margaret Mead claims that "family is the strongest institution that its readily available materials. To this day, the Bahay Kubo is a
we possess and we owe it our humanity" (Arallié & Nikodem, 2010: common sight in rural communities, as well as in tropical resorts.
295). Most of Slavic people share the opinion about the importance
of family today where 99% of Croats define it as common good and Bahay na Bato
hold it in the highest regard (Arabić & Nikodem, 2010). This The Spanish colonial era brought about stone and masonry
represents an optimistic information that represents a basis in construction in the Philippines, which led to the development of
many interdisciplinary activities that deal with improvements of infrastructure, namely roads and bridges, paving the way for the
family functioning. introduction of another traditional Filipino home, Bahay na Bato
Literature review indicates a wide palette of definitions regarding (Stone House). With adobe walls as its structural foundation and
the life satisfaction usually as a both cognitive and affective wood as the main materials for the large open-layout upper levels,
category. More often than not, life satisfaction, well-being and the Hispanic style that originated from Central America was ideal
quality of life are being equated. According to Koco-Vukadin, for the Philippine climate fraught with natural disasters.
Novak and Križan (2016) the life satisfaction construct is positioned Tsalet
in the broader area of subjective wellbeing construct which is being
studied within the frame of superior quality of life phenomena. With the transfer of colonial power from Spain to the United States
Subjective wellbeing consists of both affective and cognitive in 1898 came a number of architectural advancements in the
component. Campbell, Converse and Rogers (1976, as cited in Philippines. One of these was the emphasis on sanitary values,
Diener, 1984) state that satisfaction represents "observed which laid the foundation for the introduction of a toilet, or a
difference between aspirations and achievements that ranges from cubeta, through a pail conservancy system. This led to the
the perception of fulfillment to the perception of deprivation". Pavot introduction of the concept of a well- planned neighborhood called
et al. (1991, as cited in Penezić, 2006) define life satisfaction as Sanitary Barrio, and later tsalet. Defined as 'the crossbreed of the
"individual's global evaluation of their life". Fujita and Diener (2005) tropical features of vernacular buildings with hygienic structural
regard life satisfaction as a reflection on life in its entirety which principles and modern materials', tsalet designs brought about
transcends the experience of positive emotions. Penezić (2006) simplified functions of the Filipino home. Private garages had
claims that life satisfaction represents cognitive evaluation of become commonplace, as well as the occupants' bathroom and
individual's entire life, through which each individual evaluates their kitchen now being situated inside the home, employing modern
life. Family's perception of life satisfaction is relatively unexplored features such as the flush system and modern shower.
area, thus making this paper a valuable scientific contribution to
Bungalow
the main problem of this scientific project: The family
empowerment for the development of positive relationships and Amidst the American colonial period came about further major
family cohesion at the University of Rijeka. architectural developments, including the origin of the most
common type of occupancy in the country, the bungalow. These
HISTORY OF THE FILIPINO HOME
low-rise homes sport a pitched roof and a horizontal shape, with
The history and culture of the Philippines are reflected in its the roof typically made of galvanized iron, walls made of concrete,
architectural heritage, with numerous influences from other nations and equipped with a yard, a garden, or covered car port-if not all
paving the way for the contemporary designs we see today, a three. This traditional Filipino house is often found in urban areas,
mixité of cultural influences amongst Western-style buildings. as they are easier and less expensive to build than a multi-story
Philippine architecture has grown along with the progress of the home. With caring for elders being significant in Filipino culture, the
nation and its people, but memories of a glorious past are still bungalow is also ideal for senior residents due to its size, ease of
embedded within the nation's history. maintenance, and suitability for movement through the home.
Bungalows also offer more privacy to their occupants who can
The current Philippine architecture is an outcome of authentic utilize the surrounding trees and fences to block the windows.
growth that has enriched the reception of its influences. Its
architectural landscape is a contrast between small traditional huts; Townhouse
towering Spanish colonial fortifications; American Commonwealth
Townhouses are another common type of home in the Philippines,
architecture; and today's contemporary, concrete structures of the
typically found in the early residential developments in urban
cities. As a result, the Philippines has become an architectural
areas. Subdivisions across the country have adopted this type of
melting pot. This article will explore the ways in which residential
design, providing an urban feel without having to live in the city
architecture and dwellings in the Philippines have since evolved
center. Townhouses are considered 'starter homes' for new
from its initial, humble designs, to the towering structures we see
families, especially as they are the most economical in terms of lot
today.
area and overall cost of building and maintenance.
Bahay Kubo
Condominium
With approximately 7640 islands-2000 of which remain uninhabited
Now arriving at the most recent and contemporary style of home in
the Philippine archipelago has immense space and vast natural
the Philippines, condominiums have taken over major cities as a
resources for the act of building homes, which the ancestral tribes
result of the comfort and convenience they provide to make them
used to their advantage in building the first known Filipino home.
the ideal residence for city dwellers. Residents have direct access
Bahay Kubo (Nipa Hut), is a small hut comprising of nipa, bamboo,
to gyms and recreational facilities, without the added worry about
and other native materials. Many citizens to this day still adopt this
maintaining yards and garages. These types of homes come with
style of habitation due to its simple design, ease of execution, and
their own building security, landscapers, repairmen, housekeepers,
and all kinds of services. Its visual impact paints the skylines of the It's important to note that adopting a balanced and varied diet is
country's central city hubs today. key to reaping the benefits of food. Including a wide range of fruits,
vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats in your
From influences of the Mediterranean coast to minimalism, many diet can help ensure you're getting all the nutrients your body
home designs can be seen in the Philippines, but the above remain needs for optimal health.
the basis of what most homes look like in the country.
Advancements in home building technology and materials, as well The basic food needs of a family include essential nutrients such
as the introduction of new architectural concepts, have since as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals. These can
changed the definition of a Filipino home. be obtained from a variety of food sources like grains, fruits,
vegetables, dairy products, meats, and legumes. It's important to
As new home designs amongst townhouses and condominiums ensure a balanced diet that includes a variety of these food groups
continue to rise in popularity, combinations like Bahay Kubo-styled to meet the nutritional needs of each family member. Additionally,
bungalows are still repeatedly being redefined. As the Philippines factors like cultural preferences, dietary restrictions, and budget
opens up to more of the world's architecture and continues to stay considerations should be taken into account when planning for the
true to its own, only time will tell as to what the Filipino home family's food needs.
dweller can look forward to in the future, as well as what the next
step in the evolution of Filipino architecture shall entail. FOOD PRODUCTION

FUNDAMENTAL FEATURES OF A DESIRABLE HOME Food production, processing, and marketing systems in developing
countries are complex. The food production systems are highly
RESPONSIBILITIES TOWARDS BUILDING A HOME fragmented and dependent on a large number of small-scale
FOOD: BASIC NEED OF THE FAMILY producers. The current farm structure constrains farmer's capacity
to meet domestic and international food safety standards. Although
Food is one of the basic necessities of life. Food contains nutrients this may have socioeconomic benefits as large quantities of food
substances essential for the growth, repair, and maintenance of pass through a multitude of food handlers and middlemen, the risk
body tissues and for the regulation of vital processes. Nutrients of exposing food to unhygienic environments, contamination, and
provide the energy our bodies need to function. Also, it is essential adulteration increases. Literacy rate for most farmers and food
for our survival and overall well-being. It provides our bodies with handlers in developing countries is low; this limits the number of
the necessary nutrients, vitamins, and minerals that are needed for farmers capable of adopting more sophisticated modern
proper growth, development, and functioning. agricultural practices, food hygiene, and good food handling
practices necessary to meet more stringent food safety
The importance of food can be highlighted in several ways:
requirements.
1. Energy: Food is a major source of energy for our bodies. It
Food production, as the name suggests, is all about preparing
provides the fuel we need to carry out daily activities, such as
food, in which raw materials are converted into ready-made food
walking, talking, and even thinking. Calories obtained from food are
products for human use either in the home or in the food
converted into energy that powers all bodily functions.
processing industries. Its process comprises scientific approaches.
2. Nutrients: Food contains essential nutrients, such as Food production has many sections and it starts with basic things
carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals. These like cleaning, packing, segregating, sorting, preparing, adding
nutrients are required for various purposes, such as building and ingredients in correct proportions, presenting, etc.
repairing tissues, supporting immune function, regulating
How is Food Produced?
metabolism, and maintaining overall health.
There are large numbers of plant and animal products, which are
3. Growth and development: Adequate nutrition is crucial for
used for our well-being. They provide us with food, which comes
proper growth and development, especially in children and
from both plants and animals. These include grains, pulses, spices,
adolescents. Nutrients obtained from food help in the formation of
honey, nuts, cereals, milk, vegetables, fruits, egg, meat, chicken,
bones, muscles, and organs, and also support brain development
etc. The existence of our life is completely depended on plants and
and cognitive function.
animals. Altogether, plant and animal species provide 90% of
4. Disease prevention: A healthy diet that includes a variety of global energy.
nutritious foods can help prevent various diseases and conditions,
Types of Food Production
including obesity, heart disease, diabetes, certain cancers, and
deficiencies. Certain nutrients, such as antioxidants found in fruits Food production is further classified into different types including,
and vegetables, play a role in protecting against cell damage and cultivation, selection, crop management, harvesting, crop
reducing the risk of chronic diseases. production, preserving, baking, pasteurizing, pudding, carving,
butchering, fermenting, pickling, drink and candy making,
5. Mental health: Good nutrition is not only important for physical
restaurants, etc.
health but also for mental health. Certain nutrients, such as
omega-3 fatty acids found in fish, have been linked to improved Methods of Food Production
brain function and mood regulation. A balanced diet can also
contribute to better focus, concentration, and overall mental well-  Chopping or slicing of vegetables
being.  Curing food
 Grinding and marinating
 Emulsification
  Fermenting beer at brewing industries vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants that support immune function,
 Boiling, broiling, frying, grilling, steaming and mixing while whole grains offer fiber and energy for sustained physical
 Food fermentation and mental activities.
 Pasteurization Additionally, the types of foods you select can affect your risk for
 Fruit juice processing chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and obesity. A
 Removing the outer layers either by peeling and skinning diet high in processed foods, unhealthy fats, and added sugars can
 Gasification of soft drinks increase inflammation in the body and contribute to the
 Preserving and packaging of food products by vacuum development of these conditions. On the other hand, choosing
packs whole, unprocessed foods can reduce your risk and support long-
 Introduction to the Hospitality Industry term health.
The hospitality industry is a part of the service industry that Overall, food selection is crucial because the nutrients obtained
includes lodging, amusement parks, tourism, transportation etc. A from food serve as the building blocks for our bodies, impacting our
hospitality unit like restaurants, bars, hotels, etc., consists of many physical and mental well-being. By making thoughtful choices and
sections of cooking, cleaning, managing, etc. Education plays a prioritizing nutrient-dense foods, you can promote optimal health
critical role in this profession. Food production is not just cooking and prevent chronic diseases.
and serving. Apart from this, they have to invent, assume, build
and manage people. FOOD PREPARATION

It is growing very fast and there are many opportunities in the Food preparation is the process of food, typically raw food such as
hospitality industry. Food and beverages industry is one of the meat or vegetables that involves cutting up food into pieces and
major contributing sectors under the hospitality industry. There are cooking it. Preparation can also be done by pickling food in salt
many sources of ready-made food like hotels, caterings, event water to preserve it. Food preparation may involve peeling
organizations etc. To know more about these, it is essential to produce, slicing food on a mandolin or with a knife, chopping food
know how food is processed in the kitchen. using an electric chopper or blender, simmering food in pots over
low heat for hours at a time. It is also about by getting your meal
Introduction to Kitchen ready for a particular purpose and ensuring that the food is safe to
eat. It involves a wide range of techniques, tools, and a
A kitchen is a place where food is being cooked, and it has all the
combination of ingredients to improve the taste or digestibility of
equipment that is required for cooking. The chef is the person who
your food. So, let's dig in and get to grips with the essentials.
is involved in managing the entire kitchen and cooking along with
his staff. There are different units involved in food preparation from What is the importance of food preparation?
selection to waste disposal. Before preparing food, it is mandatory
to follow food safety guidelines and personal hygiene. It's essential to prepare food safely to prevent harmful bacteria
from spreading and multiplying. Follow these six tips to protect
FOOD SELECTION yourself and reduce the spread of bacteria that can be harmful.
Selection of food refers to choices made on food that are "good" 1. Wash your hands for at least twenty seconds
for consumption. In terms of the running or the current services
related to food, selection of food has become very crucial. The hands can quickly distribute bacteria in the kitchen and onto
Providing those foods to consumers that are important for them your food. It's essential to wash your hands with soap and warm
helps in satisfying demand and needs is a tough job. Therefore, water thoroughly:
the selection of food requires important steps to be followed like
 before preparing food
planning and appropriate decision making in terms of selection of
 straight after handling raw products such as poultry and
food.
meats
Storage of water in this changing world where globalization is  after using the toilet
leading to the disruption of balance in the environment is very  after handling the bin
crucial to be maintained with a strong hand or else the disaster is  after handling pets
not too far. "Water storage" is a broader term and it includes
storage of both portable and also non potable water sources. It is worth mentioning that you should be vigilant in how you dry
Moreover, the climate change that has been witnessed in the last your hands as wet hands spread bacteria much more quickly.
few years has ignited the need for the storage of water. Water can 2. Keep kitchen work surfaces clean
be stored properly for a period of 12 months and can be used
according to a necessity within that period. Before preparing food, its crucial work surfaces, kitchen utensils,
and chopping boards are thoroughly clean. If they've been in
The importance of food selection lies in its impact on your overall contact with poultry, raw meat, vegetables or eggs, you'll need to
health and well-being. The types of foods you choose to consume wash them thoroughly. Regularly change your dishcloths and dish
can greatly influence your body's nutrient intake and, towels to avoid any bacterial growth on them.
consequently, its ability to function properly. A well-balanced diet
that includes a variety of nutrient-dense foods ensures that your
body gets all the necessary vitamins, minerals, proteins,
carbohydrates, and fats it needs to perform at its best. For 3. Separate raw food from cooked or ready to eat food
example, consuming fruits and vegetables provides essential
Raw foods including meat, poultry, fish and vegetables can contain safe as possible before serving if there are guests who might react
harmful bacteria that may spread quickly by touching other foods, adversely to certain products like nuts, fish, peanuts, shellfish,
surfaces, chopping boards and even knives. soybeans or eggs.

Keeping raw foods away from ready-to-eat food is crucial as ready Higher food quality – food quality is also more likely to be higher
to eat food won't be cooked before you consume them, so any when food preparation has been done correctly. This will include
bacteria that gets on the food will remain as is and not be cleanliness as well as food storage which can only mean that your
destroyed by cooking. food is fresher, tastes better and is excellent for your health in the
long run.
 Use individual chopping boards and plates for poultry,
uncooked meat and seafood. Emergency preparedness – food preparation can help with
 When food shopping, keep uncooked meat, seafood, emergency preparedness by stocking up on foods before an event
poultry and juices away from other items. takes place or before hurricane season starts so that the food
 Keep uncooked meat, seafood, poultry, and eggs away supply isn't exhausted during a time of need. This includes storing
from all other foods in the refrigerator. some essential items like water, flour, sugar, dry milk powder (of
course, this list varies depending on what types of ingredients are
4. Check the label available), canned vegetables, and fruits which have a longer shelf
life than fresh produce). Preparedness plans should take into
It's vital to read food labels to ensure everything you're going to
account how much food preparation will be needed in the event of
consume has been stored correctly (according to any storage
a food shortage- and as always, food safety is paramount. Fewer
instructions) and that it is not past its expiry.
issues - with the state of food - food preparation can help with the
Foods that expire quickly usually have advice on the label that form of food by taking steps towards food safety. This will include
states how long the food is good for and whether it needs to go in things like cleaning and storing food properly to avoid cross-
the fridge. This type of food typically has special packaging to help contamination, as well as being mindful about ingredients that may
keep it fresh for longer. But it usually will go off quickly once you've not be suited for mixed cooking (like nuts or eggs) so they don't
opened it. The label will also tell you how long the food will keep come into contact with raw meat products before serving them in a
once the packaging has been opened. For example, you might see dish.
'eat within three days of opening' on the label.
Lower risk of illness/food poisoning – food preparation is essential
Use by dates because it lowers the risk of illness or food poisoning- including
sepsis caused by bacteria like salmonella, E. coli, listeria, and
Very often, you will see use-by dates on foods that expire quickly. shigella, which have all been known to cause gastrointestinal
Do not use any food after the 'use by date even if the food appears distress, including bloody diarrhea which could lead on to kidney
and smells fine, because it may contain harmful bacteria. failure if untreated... or even death if left untreated for too long.
Food preparation can refer to a variety of actions, from cooking raw Environmental Health – one of the ways to make sure that your
ingredients to ensuring that the food consumed by customers is food stays clean all the way from food preparation to your plate is
safe. For purposes of this article, we'll narrow our definition down by using food safety practices like food washing and cooking.
to the latter-ensuring that food served at a restaurant is safe. If
food preparation is considered from a safety standpoint, the Dos and Don’ts of Food Preparation
dividing line can be drawn into four categories- cleaning of
As a business owner of a growing food service establishment, you
preparation equipment, separation of ingredients (including
may not be aware of all the intricacies when it comes to preparing
cooking to the right temperature), storage of prepared foods, and
food. Generally, these are things your general manager or other
using spoilage indicators.
qualified employees should know. Even still, it's essential for you to
Why Is Food Preparation Important? keep up with some basic rules that will help guide the overall
success of your company. Here are eight must-know points:
Food poisoning – from food preparation is the result of improperly
handled food, and it can be deadly. This will include cases where  You should avoid rinsing meat before cooking it. The
food was not appropriately cleaned or was left out at high heat, bacteria that usually cause food poisoning can't be
which can be used for a short period of time to kill bacteria, yeast, eliminated. It's cooked away Pick, chicken, and beef
and molds in food. Extended periods of high temperature can dry have different internal temperatures to which they need
out the food or change it chemically leading to bacterial growth that to be cooked. And if the meat is rinse, possible that the
may have been killed if proper steps had been taken. water will splash out of the sink onto nearby surfaces and
utensils and cause cross-contamination.
Food allergies – food preparation is essential for food allergies  Do not soak the meat in saltwater. The salty water will
because it can lead to cross- contact. This happens most not remove bacteria, and it won' help anything either.
commonly when food ingredients are prepared on the same You can refrigerate both the beef and the saltwater to
surface or with utensils that have already come into contact with prevent bacterial growth, but you may choose to just skip
another food product in a different category from what's being this step altogether.
prepared (for example, cutting boards used for raw meat and then
 Raw meat handling should be followed by handwashing-
touching cooked vegetables or other food items). This may not be
including after handling poultry, pork, and beef as well as
noticeable at first glance-but these steps will help you avoid
their wrappings. Hand washing is essential for at least 20
potential complications down the road by helping your food stay as
seconds with warm running water and soap.
  To prevent cross-contamination between raw and other
food, surfaces, and utensils, immediately wash all
impacted surfaces if contact is made with raw meat,
clean thoroughly with hot soapy water. Surfaces should
be sanitized on a regular basis for the same reason.
 You should throw away meat packages from raw meats
straightaway- this includes s should boxes for beef,
poultry, and pork regardless of what they're made from.
All eggs s be thrown away immediately, including the
spare eggshells and plastic wrap around cach individual
egg. You can also add food preparation definition for a
recipe than starts with an R-Receitas de Comida em
Portuguese since it has an explanation for this in English
already.
 Always use separate utensils when preparing, cooking,
and serving both raw foods and cooked foods- this helps
prevent cross-contamination. Keep essential ingredients
(meats & eggs) away from other prepared food items, as
well!
 Cook on low-medium for about four minutes – Make sure
to stir occasionally and use three cups of cold water with
two eggs per pot or pan. When they’re done, remove
them using a slotted spoon while still submerged in their
liquid.

How to Properly Prepare Pork

When it comes to food preparation, pork is tricky. It needs special

care because only certain kinds of food can be cooked together so
as not to contaminate one another with bacteria.

 Pork should always be handled using a separate set of

utensils from other foods and meats during food
preparations-Raw eggs or any food containing raw eggs
must also use different utensil sets.
 Do not cut fresh meat on the same surface that was used
for cutting seafood-Cutting surfaces need to have time in
between uses before they're safe again!
 Wash your hands after touching uncooked pock
products- This will help keep contamination at buy since
you'll have less contact with this type of food. The same
goes when handling food items like eggs or seafood.
 Follow food preparation instructions on the packaging -
These will be especially important for food safety and
food handling guidelines which are meant to protect you
when food is being prepared!