ICSE Examination Paper 2024

HISTORY & CIVICS

(H.C.G. Paper-1)
Class-10th
(Solved)
Maximum Marks: 80
Time allowed: Two hours
Answers to this paper must be written on the answer sheet provided separately.
You will not be allowed to write during the first 15 minutes.
This time is to be spent in reading the question paper.
The time given at the head of this paper is the time allowed for writing the answers.
Attempt all questions from Part I (Compulsory).
A total of five questions are to be attempted from Part II, two out of three questions from
Section A and three out of five questions from Section B.
The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [].

PART I (30 Marks) R 67 Has been a High Court

(Attempt all questions from this Part.) Advocate for 5 years
Question 1
S 56 Has held a judicial office for at
Select the correct answers to the questions from least 10 years
the given options. [16]
(Do not copy the questions, write the correct answer (a) P and R (b) Q and S
only). (c) R and P (d) Q and R
(i) The salaries and allowances of the ministers are (v) The strength of the house is 550. On a particular
decided by the: day, 50 members are present. The speaker decides
(a) Parliament (b) Finance Minister to adjourn the house. Identify the MOST LIKELY
(c) President (d) Prime Minister reason for the adjournment.
(ii) Civil Cases: Court of District Judge :: Criminal (a) Disorder in the house
Cases: (b) Lack of quorum
(a) Revenue Court (b) Family Court (c) Breach of privilege
(d) Contempt of the house
(c) Sessions Court (d) Commissioner’s Court
(vi) During a hung assembly when no party gets
(iii)
the majority, the President appoints the Prime
Minister. What power is the President exercising?
(a) Legislative (b) Executive
(c) Discretionary (d) Judicial
(vii) Read the two statements given below and select
The Lok Adalat has many advantages. Which of the option that shows the correct relationship
the following statements about the advantages between (A) and (R):
of the Lok Adalat is best described in the picture Assertion (A): Forward Bloc had the objective of
given above? abolishing Zamindari System.
(a) It is inexpensive Reason (R): Subhash Chandra Bose wanted to
(b) It is organised in various parts of the country establish a socialist state.
(c) It works on the spirit of compromise (a) A is true but R is false
(d) It reduces the burden of the higher courts (b) R is the reason for A
(iv) Given below are details of Indian citizens. Select (c) Both A and R are false
the ones who are eligible for appointment as a (d) Only R is true, A is false
High Court Judge: (viii) The _____________aimed to introduce equality
between British and Indian Judges.
Candidate Age Details
(a) Vernacular Press Act
P 65 Is a distinguished jurist (b) Gagging Act
Q 61 Has been a High Court (c) Indian Universities Act
Advocate for 10 years (d) Ilbert Bill
 Solved Paper - 2024
(ix) The Rowlatt Act was called the Black Act because Which incident depicted in the above cartoon
the Indians: led to the beginning of the Second World War?
(a) could not possess any arms (a) Hitler’s policy of Imperialism
(b) could not export any goods (b) Hitler’s attack on Poland
(c) could be arrested without a warrant (c) Hitler’s annexation of Austria
(d) could be sent overseas on duty (d) Hitler’s attack on Czechoslovakia
(x) Who organised the Grand Delhi Durbar? Question 2
(a) Lord Curzon (b) Lord Canning (i) Mention any two writs issued by the High
(c) Lord Lytton (d) Lord Dalhousie Court.[2]
(xi) Tina is inspired by the methods of the Early (ii) Imagine you are an Indian ruler who has
Nationalists and wants to follow them. She signed the Subsidiary Alliance. Mention any two
notices that the road leading to her school is conditions of this agreement which will affect
damaged and has many potholes. Which of you.[2]
the following methods is she MOST LIKELY to
(iii) Mention any two causes of the Quit India
follow, to solve this problem?
Movement. [2]
(a) Boycott the civic authorities
(iv) In which year did the Surat Split happen? What
(b) Gather a group of students and protest
was the result of this split? [2]
(c) Write a petition to the authorities highlighting
(v) Mention any two common ideologies of Fascism
the problem
and Nazism. [2]
(d) Block the entrance to the road
(vi) Name the two cities of Japan which were
(xii) Given below are the objectives of the Indian
bombed by America in the year 1945. [2]
National Army. Identify the odd one out of the
following: (vii) Read the given news carefully and answer the
question that follows: [2]
(a) To organise a provisional government of Free India
Govt’s power to promulgate,
(b) Total mobilisation of Indian manpower and
repromulgate Ordinances – why and how
money
(c) Unity, faith and sacrifice An Ordinance “shall have the same force and effect
as an Act of Parliament”. But the government is
(d) To train and organise public opinion in the
required to bring an Ordinance before Parliament
country
for ratification – and failure to do so will lead to
(xiii) Tahir is preparing to give a speech about the Sati its lapsing “at the expiration of six weeks from the
system in India. Which of the following Indian reassembly of Parliament”.
leader’s contribution MUST he mention in his
The Indian Express–May 25, 2023
speech?
(a) Raja Rammohan Roy Mention any two points regarding an ordinance
that can be deduced from the above new.
(b) W. C. Bonerjee
(c) Bipin Chandra Pal PART II
(d) Jyotiba Phule SECTION A (20 Marks)
(xiv) Which of the following is NOT a consequence of (Attempt any two questions from this Section.)
the Second World War? Question 3
(a) Austria and Hungary became separate states The Union Parliament is the supreme legislative
(b) Defeat of the axis powers body in the country. With reference to the Indian
(c) Beginning of the Cold War Parliament answer the following questions:
(d) Formation of the United Nations (i) The Rajya Sabha is called a Permanent House.
(xv) Identify the principle of Panchsheel. Explain this statement. [3]
(a) Mutual non-aggression (ii) Explain the composition of the Rajya Sabha. [3]
(b) Regulate armaments (iii) Mention any two exclusive powers of the Lok
(c) Take action against aggressor Sabha and two powers exclusive to the Rajya
(d) Recommend admission of members Sabha. [4]
(xvi) Question 4
The Council of Ministers headed by the Prime
Minister aids and advises the President. In this
context, answer the following questions:
(i) Mention any three points to distinguish between
the Council of Ministers and the Cabinet. [3]
(ii) Who appoints the Cabinet Ministers? Mention
any two administrative powers of the Cabinet.
 [3]
 Oswaal ICSE HISTORY & CIVICS (H.C.G PAPER-1), Class-X

(iii) The President is the nominal head of the Indian

Union. Mention any four functions of the Prime
Minister with reference to the President. [4]
Question 5
The judiciary is the system of courts that interprets
and guards the Indian Constitution. With reference
to the Supreme Court of India, answer the following:
(i) What is the composition of the Supreme Court?
Why is it called the Court of Record? [3]
(ii) Explain the power of Judicial Review. [3]
(iii) What is meant by the term Original Jurisdiction?
Mention any three cases which come under this (i) Name the Viceroy who announced the plan
jurisdiction. [4] for smooth transfer of power. Mention any two
SECTION B (30 Marks) clauses of his plan with reference to the Princely
(Attempt any three questions from this Section.) States. [3]
Question 6 (ii) Mention any three reasons for the acceptance of
his plan by the Congress. [3]
The Revolt of 1857 was the beginning of the
independence struggle against the colonial rule of (iii) Mention any four provisions of the Indian
the British. With reference to the consequences of Independence Act of 1947. [4]
the Revolt, answer the following: Question 9
(i) Mention any three changes made in the The final act of the long-drawn-out negotiations took place
administration with the end of the Company’s at Versailles on Saturday afternoon, and to-day Germany
Rule. [3] and the Allies—always with the exception of America—are
at peace. Peace is a blessed word, and both the word and the
(ii) State any three policies promised to Indians in fact are welcome to-day. So far as Germany is concerned
Queen Victoria’s Proclamation. [3] there is for the present an end of strife, and at least a formal
(iii) Mention any four changes made in the army return to the decent relations of civilised states.
after the Revolt. [4] Editorial: Peace in force (12 January 1920)
Question 7 The Guardian
The Indian National Movement is divided into (i) Mention any three causes of the World War
three phases. With reference to the Second Phase of which ended with the signing of the treaty
the Indian National Movement, answer the following being discussed in the passage above. [3]
questions: (ii) Name the organisation which was established in
(i) Who partitioned Bengal? Mention any two points 1920 to maintain peace after this war. Mention
to explain the perspective of the Nationalists any two of its objectives. [3]
regarding the actual motive behind the decision (iii) Mention any four clauses of the Treaty which
of Partition. [3] affected Germany. [4]
(ii) What was the objective of the Assertive Question 10
Nationalists? Mention any two contributions of Both the United Nations Organisation and the Non-
Bal Gangadhar Tilak. [3] Aligned Movement aim to achieve international
(iii) In which year was the Muslim League formed? peace and security. In this context, answer the
Mention any three objectives of the Muslim following:
League. [4] (i) Mention any three functions of the Security
Council. [3]
Question 8
(ii) Mention any three functions of the World Health
Look at the given picture and answer the following
Organisation. [3]
questions:
(iii) Name any two founders of the Non-Aligned
Movement. Mention any two of its objectives.
 [4]

 Solved Paper - 2024

ANSWERS
PART I (30 Marks) person on suspicion, without any warrant. The
Answer 1 political offenders were to be tried without trial
(i) Option (a) is correct. by the jury.
Explanation: The Parliament decides the salaries (x) Option (c) is correct.
and allowances of its members and other Explanation: “Lord Lytton” refers to Robert
dignitaries such as the ministers. Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Earl of Lytton, who served
(ii) Option (c) is correct. as Viceroy of India from 1876 to 1880. He was
Explanation: The Court of District Judge is known for organising the Grand Delhi Durbar of
the highest Civil Court of the district, whereas 1877, which was held to mark the proclamation
Sessions Court is the highest Criminal Court of of Queen Victoria as Empress of India.
the district. (xi) Option (c) is correct.
(iii) Option (c) is correct. Explanation: Early Nationalist believed in the
Explanation: Lok Adalats has set up in India in justice of the Britishers and wanted to present
1982 in Gujrat to provide east and unexpensive their demands through petitions.
judgement. (xii) Option (d) is correct.
(iv) Option (b) is correct. Explanation: (i) To organise an armed revolution
Explanation: To be appointed as a Judge of a and to fight the British Army with modern arms.
High Court, a person : (ii) To use the Indians living abroad in East Asia and
(i) Should be a citizen of India. then to confront the British.
(ii) Should not be above 62 years of age. (iii) To organise a Provisional Government to free
(iii) Should have held a judicial office within the India.
Indian territory for at least 10 years. (iv) Total mobilisation of the Indian man-power and
(iv) or should have been an advocate of a High Civil money for a total war.
Court (or High Court in succession) for at least (v) The motto of the INA was ‘Unity, Faith, Sacrifice’.
10 years. (vi) To train people for armed struggle inside and
(v) Option (b) is correct. outside the country.
Explanation: The Quorum means the minimum (vii) To throw the British out of the country.
number of members required to be present in (xiii) Option (a) is correct.
order to conduct a sitting or enable the business Explanation: Raja Rammohan Roy has often
of the house. It is fixed at 1/10th of the total been referred to as ‘Father of Modern Indian
membership of each house. Renaissance’ as he took the issues of women
(vi) Option (c) is correct. emancipation and spoke against evils such as
Explanation: Discretionary Powers of the female infanticide, child marriage and Sati.
President (xiv) Option (a) is correct.
• When no party gains majority in the Lok Sabha, Explanation: Consequences of Second World
the President, uses his/her discretionary power War:
to appoints the Prime Minister. • Destruction of life and property.
• After the vote of no-confidence is passed against • Defeat of the Axis Powers by the Allied Powers.
the prevailing government, the President may • Many new weapons of mass destruction were
dissolve the Parliament or ask the leader of invented and used.
another party to prove its majority on the floor • Formation of the UN.
of the house. • The world was divided into two power blocs –
• He/She can also dismiss ministers in case the the Democratic or Capitalist bloc led by the USA
Council of Ministers loses the confidence of the and the Communist bloc led by the erstwhile
house but refuses to resign. Soviet Union.
(vii) Option (b) is correct. • Beginning of the Cold War between two power
Explanation: Forward Bloc was founded by blocs.
Subash Chandra Bose in May 1939, he believed • Division of Germany
in a Socialist State. • Japan became weak and its emperor was
(viii) Option (d) is correct. reduced to a constitutional head.
Explanation: Ilbert Bill, in the history of India, a • Imperialism came to an end.
controversial measure proposed in 1883 that sought • Fall of the dictatorship.
to allow senior Indian magistrates to preside over • Decolonisation
cases involving British subjects in India. • The USA and the Soviet Union became
(ix) Option (c) is correct. superpowers.
Explanation: The Rowlatt Act 1919 gave immense (xv) Option (a) is correct.
powers to the police to search a place or arrest a Explanation: Basic principles are:
 Oswaal ICSE HISTORY & CIVICS (H.C.G PAPER-1), Class-X

(i) Mutual respect for one another’s territorial (vi) On 6 August 1945—Hiroshima and 9 August
integrity. 1945—Nagasaki.
(ii) Non-aggression. (vii) (a) The ordinances can only be promulgated
(iii) Non-interference in one another’s internal when both Houses of the Parliament are not in
affairs. session.
(iv) Equality and mutual benefit. (b) It has to be laid before both the Houses when
(v) Peaceful co-existence. they reassemble.
(xvi) Option (b) is correct.
Explanation: In September 1939, Hitler attacked (c) Ordinance can last maximum for a period of six
on Poland to regain the Danzing port. months and it ceases to exist if Parliament takes no
Answer 2 action within six weeks from its reassembly. So the
(i) Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Prohibition, Certio- maximum life of an ordinance can be six months.
rari and Quo-Warranto. (Any two) PART II
(ii) (a) As a result of Indian rulers disbanding SECTION A (20 Marks)
their armies, many people were rendered Answer 3
unemployed. (i) (a) The Rajya Sabha, termed the Permanent House,
(b) Many Indian states lost their independence. remains undissolved.
(c) Slowly most parts of India were coming under (b) Every two years, one–third of members retire and
British control. (Any two) new elections occur.
(c) Members hold a 6-year term.
(iii) (a) Failure of the Cripps Mission (ii) (a) The Rajya Sabha includes elected and nominated
(b) Japanese threat members.
(c) Worsening of Communal problems and new (b) Of 250 members, 12 are nominated by the President
confidence that the people had attained. for notable contributions.
(d) The movement hastened the British decision (c) The rest 238 are elected from states and union
to quit India. (Any two points) territories.
 [ICSE Marking Scheme, 2018] (iii)A. Lok Sabha:
(i) Only Lok Sabha introduces Money Bills and No-
(iv) 1907 Confidence Motions.
(a) The Surat Split of the Indian National Congress (ii) The Lok Sabha alone can vote a Minister out of
(INC) resulted in the party’s division into two office.
groups, i.e., the Extremists and the Moderates. B. Rajya Sabha:
(b) This division weakened Congress and reduced (i) Decides if a State List subject gains national
its effectiveness in the fight for Indian inde- importance for inclusion in the Union List.
pendence. (Any one) (ii) According to Article 249, the Rajya Sabha can, through
a 2/3rd majority resolution, authorise Parliament to
(v) Similarities between the ideologies of legislate on State List matters. Additionally, during a
Fascism and Nazism: national emergency proclamation, Parliament gains
(a) Both pursue collectivism (ownership of the the authority to legislate on State List matters.
land and the means of production by the (iii) Decides on establishing new All-India Services
State) as a part of an economy led by the state. (Article 312).
The establishment of a dictatorship led by a (iv) Passes resolutions to implement international
leader who literally has all the powers and agreements.
glorifies Imperialism and Militarism. (v) Becomes the sole de jure Parliament when Lok
(b) They reject Democracy and traditional left Sabha dissolves.
and right wing parties, oppose freedom of Answer 4
speech and are strongly against Communism
and Capitalism, Feminism and homosexuality Council of Ministers Cabinet
alike.
(c) Their promotion of Nationalism is being taken Consists of all the three Is a group of senior ministers
to an extreme and they aim for unity within categories of ministers. holding important portfolios
their own respective States by holding mass The PM may or may The PM always consults
demonstrations and military parades. not consult them them.
(d) Both are totalitarian ideologies, which means Rarely meets as a whole Meets as frequently as possible
that they seek to control all aspects of public
and private life alike. Does not advise the Advises the President
(e) Neither believes in class conflicts and conflicts President through the PM
of interest as a result of their idea of class Larger group Smaller group
collaboration instead of class struggle (this is May or may not hold Hold important Portfolios
where both ideologies find themselves directly important Portfolios
opposing Socialism and Communism).
 (Any two points)  (Any three points)
 [ICSE Marking Scheme, 2018]  [ICSE Marking Scheme, 2013]
 Solved Paper - 2024
Answer 4 (iii) Original Jurisdiction - It refers to the power to
(ii) The President of India appoints the Cabinet hear and determine a dispute in the first instance.
Ministers based on the advice of the Prime Minister.
Exclusive original jurisdiction of the Supreme
Administrative powers of the Cabinet:
Court extends to the following cases:
(a) Policy making: The Cabinet formulates and decides
on crucial government policies concerning various (i) The Supreme Court has original jurisdiction
domains like defense, economy and foreign affairs. in all disputes between the Union and States
(b) Coordination: The Cabinet ensures smooth as well as between the States.
collaboration and coordination between different (ii) Protection of Fundamental Rights.
government departments for effective policy (iii) Final Interpretation of the Constitution.
implementation. (iv) Transfer of cases from Lower Court.
(c) Appointments: Makes recommendations to
(v) In a dispute between the Union and the State
President on important Constitutional offices like
on one side and any other State on the other
Election Commissioner, Comptroller and Auditor
side.  (Any three)
General, Governors and Ambassadors.
(d) Inter-Ministerial Coordination: Coordinates  [ICSE Marking Scheme, 2020]
with various ministries for policy making and SECTION B (30 Marks)
implementation. Answer 6
(iii) The Prime Minister, as the head of government,
holds significant power in India, even though the (i) (a) End of Company’s rule and the power transferred
President is the nominal head of state. Here are four to the Crown.
key functions of the Prime Minister with reference (b) Company’s Board of Control and the Court of
to the President: Directors were abolished.
(a) Advises on appointments: The Prime Minister (c) The Secretary of State to be assisted by the Indian
recommends individuals for appointment to Council of 15 members.
various key positions, including cabinet ministers, (d) Appointments in the Civil Services to be made
to the President. by open competition under rules made by the
(b) Informs about policy decisions: The Prime Minister Secretary of State.
keeps the President informed about major policy (e) The Viceroy took over the administration of the
decisions taken by the cabinet. British Government in India.
(c) Updates on developments: The Prime Minister (f) Salary and allowances were to be found out of
briefs the President on critical national and revenue of India.
international developments. (g) The Governor General received the additional
(d) Assent for bills: The Prime Minister seeks the title of Viceroy. (Any three points)
President’s assent for bills passed by the Parliament  [ICSE Marking Scheme-2018]
before they become law.
(ii) Queen Victoria’s Proclamation of 1858, issued after
Answer 5
the Indian Rebellion of 1857, promised several
(i) There are 33 Judges and a Chief Justice of India. policies to Indians:
The Supreme Court is a Court of Record as: (a) Religious Tolerance and Equality: The
(a) All decisions, judgments, proceedings, issued Proclamation guaranteed the freedom of religion
by the Supreme Court are duly printed, and pledged that all of her subjects, regardless of
preserved and kept as records. their race or creed, would be treated impartially.
This assurance aimed to alleviate concerns
(b) These judgments have a reference value.
among Indians about religious discrimination
(c) They are not to be questioned on being and ensure that individuals of all faiths could
produced before any court. The High Court freely practice their religion.
and other lower courts are expected to decide
(b) Property Rights Protection: The Proclamation
cases in the light of judgement taken by the
assured Indians that their property rights
Supreme Court.
would be respected and protected. It stated
 [ICSE Marking Scheme, 2020] that existing landholdings and property rights
would be safeguarded, offering reassurance
(ii) Power of Judicial Review of the Supreme Court: to the Indian population that their land and
(a) The Supreme Court is the final interpreter of possessions would not be arbitrarily confiscated
the constitution. by the British authorities.
(b) It has the power to review laws passed by the (c) Justice and Fair Treatment: Queen Victoria’s
Union or State Legislature or Executive. Proclamation promised that justice would be
(c) The Supreme Court can declare a law ultra administered impartially to all her subjects,
vires or null and void, if it is against the letter without regard to their race or religion. This
and spirit of the constitution or controversial commitment aimed to address grievances
any provision of the constitution. regarding unequal treatment under British law
 [ICSE Marking Scheme, 2020] and to establish a sense of fairness and equality
in the legal system.
 Oswaal ICSE HISTORY & CIVICS (H.C.G PAPER-1), Class-X

(iii) Four changes which were introduced are as given Answer 8

below : (i) Lord Mountbatten
(a) Domination of the European branch over the His proposals regarding Princely States were:
Indian branches was ensured. (a) All treaties with Princely States done by the
(b) The ratio of the European soldiers has been British would come to an end.
increased in the troops. (b) Princely States would be free to join India or
(c) Caste and communal companies were Pakistan or remain independent.
introduced in all the regiments and Indian (ii) Important reasons for the All-India Congress
regiments were made a mixture of various socio- Committee accepting the Mountbatten Plan:
ethnic groups so as to balance each other. (a) Muslim League had joined the Interim
(d) Efforts were made to isolate the soldiers from life Government to obstruct work and not to
and thoughts of rest of the population and from cooperate with Congress.
the views of the scholars through measures (b) Communal riots were on immense rise.
such as preventing newspapers, journals and (c) A smaller India with a strong Central
nationalist publications from reaching them. Government was better than a bigger country
Answer 7 with a weak Central power.
(i) Lord Curzon
(d) There would be no more separate electorate
(a) The real motives behind the partition plan were and other undemocratic procedures.
the British desire to weaken Bengal.  (Any three points)
(b) Divide the Muslims and Hindus on the basis of [ICSE Marking Scheme, 2020]
religion.
(iii) Main Provisions
(ii) The immediate attainment of Swaraj was the (a) Partition of India: The Indian Independence Act
main objective of the Assertive Nationalists. of 1947 led to the partition of British India into
Bal Gangadhar Tilak contributions to the National two independent dominions – India and Pakistan.
Movement are : Pakistan to be made up of West Punjab, Sindh,
(a) Close contact with masses. NWFP, Sylhet, East Bengal and Baluchistan.
(b) Demand for Swaraj. (b) Abolition of Paramountcy: The Act abolished the
(c) Inculcating courage, self-defence, patriotism concept of paramountcy, which had given the
by organising akharas and lathi clubs. British Crown suzerainty over princely states.
(d) Started Ganapati and Shivaji festivals to keep Princely states were given the choice to accede to
the spirit of nationalism high. either India or Pakistan or to remain independent.
(e) Also started two newspapers – Maratha and (c) Constitutional Framework: The Act provided the
Kesari to popularise his ideas. framework for the two newly created dominions
(f) He wrote two books – Gita Rahasya and the to draft their constitutions. It granted the power to
Arctic Home of the Vedas. the Constituent Assemblies of India and Pakistan to
(g) Establishment of Home Rule League in 1916, frame and adopt their respective constitutions.
forerunner of Mahatma Gandhi, preached the (d) Governor-General’s Powers: The Act defined the
ideas of Swadeshi, Boycott and Prohibition. powers of the Governor–General for both India and
(h) He also played important role in the Anti- Pakistan. It allowed each dominion to have its own
Partition Movement. (Any two points) Governor–General, who could exercise powers on
[ICSE Marking Scheme, 2018] behalf of the British Crown until the adoption of a
new constitution.
(iii) 1906 Answer 9
Objectives of the League: (i) Causes of the First World War
• Franco–German Rivalry
(i) To promote among India’s Muslims, feeling of
loyalty towards the British Government. • Anglo–German Rivalry
• Enmity between Austria and Russia on Balkan
(ii) The League would also remove
Politics
misconceptions that may arise as to the
• Scramble for new Colonies
intentions of Government in relation to
Indian Muslims. • Militant Nationalism/ Intense Nationalism of
“Narrow Kind”. (Any three points)
(iii) To protect the political and other rights of
(ii) The organisation established in 1920 to maintain
the Muslims and to place their needs and
aspirations before the Government in mild peace after World War I was the League of Nations.
and moderate language. Two of its objectives were:
(a) Prevention of War: The League aimed to prevent
(iv) To prevent the rise of any feeling of hostility
conflicts and wars between nations through
between Muslims and other communities.
 (Any three points) diplomacy, negotiation, and collective security.
(b) Promotion of Disarmament: Another objective
[ICSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
was the promotion of disarmament to reduce the
 Solved Paper - 2024
likelihood of future wars. The League advocated for health, cancer, diabetes, AIDS, heart problems,
arms reduction and limitation to maintain global blindness, etc.
peace. (b) Sets international standards regarding food,
(c) To maintain open, just and honourable relations biological drugs, medicines and vaccines.
among nations. (c) Makes efforts to improve nutrition, sanitation,
(iii) Treaty of Versailles concerning Germany: housing, working conditions and the environment,
(i) It was declared guilty of aggression and had to in general.
pay war reparation of 33 billion dollars. (e) On request, helps the governments to provide safe
(ii) The area of the Rhine valley was de-militarised drinking water.
and the German territory, west of Rhine was to (f) Helps to fight against diseases all over the world.
be occupied by the Allied troops for 15 years. Smallpox has been completely wiped out.
(g) Acts as the Centre of Medical and Scientific
(iii) Danzig became a free port in the Polish territory.
Information with its splendid library at Geneva.
(iv) The territory of Alsace Lorraine given to France.
(h) Organises Seminars and Conferences to train
(v) The Saar coal mines were given to France. health workers all over the world to fight diseases
(vi) Germany Lost all her colonies to the Allies. and eliminate them. (Any three points)
(vii) The German Force was restricted to 1 lakh, the (iii) The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) was founded
Navy to 15,000 men and 24 ships. in 1961 by the leaders:
(vii) The Air force and submarines were banned. Josip Broz Tito (Yugoslavia)
 (Any four points)
Jawaharlal Nehru (India)
Answer 10
(i) The United Nations Security Council has several Gamal Abdel Nasser (Egypt)
functions, including: The objectives of the Non-Aligned Movement are:
(a) Maintenance of International Peace and Security: (a) Promotion of Global Peace: NAM aims to promote
The primary function of the Security Council is to peace and security on a global scale, advocating for
maintain international peace and security. It takes the resolution of international conflicts through
measures to prevent and resolve conflicts, as well as peaceful means and diplomacy.
to respond to threats to peace. (b) Opposition to Colonialism and Imperialism:
(b) Peacekeeping Operations: The Security Council The movement stands against colonialism and
can authorise the deployment of peacekeeping imperialism, supporting the self-determination of
forces to areas of conflict or post-conflict situations nations and the end of colonial rule, highlighted in
to maintain or restore peace. their Bandung Conference.
(c) Imposition of Sanctions: In cases of threats to
(c) Economic Cooperation: NAM under their NIEO
peace or acts of aggression, the Security Council has
initiative, encouraged economic cooperation among
the authority to impose economic and diplomatic
member countries, striving for mutual benefit and
sanctions on countries to encourage compliance
development without aligning with major power
with its resolutions.
blocs. From the 1970s onward, Developing States
(d) Authorisation of Use of Force: The Security
advocated for changes in institutions like the World
Council has the power to authorise the use of
Bank and IMF, favourable conditions for foreign
force to maintain or restore international peace
trade, technology transfer and foreign investment
and security. This includes the approval of military
to stimulate their economic growth.
interventions in certain situations.
(ii) (a) It promotes and coordinates research in health, e.g., (d) Disarmament: NAM supports disarmament and
control communicable diseases, maternal and child specifically opposes the acquisition and deployment
of nuclear weapons.

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