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9-5. Module 3 - Fluid Dynamics-22-02-2024

The document discusses Bernoulli's principle and its applications in fluid mechanics. It describes how Bernoulli's principle is used in various instruments like venturi meters, orifice meters, and pitot tubes for fluid flow measurement. It provides detailed explanations of the working principles and design of these instruments.

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deadlyjoker2004
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39 views110 pages

9-5. Module 3 - Fluid Dynamics-22-02-2024

The document discusses Bernoulli's principle and its applications in fluid mechanics. It describes how Bernoulli's principle is used in various instruments like venturi meters, orifice meters, and pitot tubes for fluid flow measurement. It provides detailed explanations of the working principles and design of these instruments.

Uploaded by

deadlyjoker2004
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BMEE204: Fluid Mechanics and

Machines
Module 3: Fluid Dynamics

Dr. Abinash Mohanta


Assistant Professor (Senior)
Department of Thermal and Energy Engg.
School of Mechanical Engineering
Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore
Tamil-Nadu-632014, India
(WhatsApp No.: 07008923013)
Email ID: abinash.mohanta@vit.ac.in
Cabin: SJT Annex (302W)
• In Kinematics of Fluid Flow Chapter, we studied the velocity and
acceleration at a point in a fluid flow, without taking into
consideration the forces causing the flow.
• Dynamics of Fluid Flow includes the study of forces causing the
flow.
• The Dynamic behavior of fluid flow is analyzed by the Newton’s
second law of motion, which relates the acceleration with the
forces.
• The fluid assumed to be incompressible and non-viscous.
BERNOULLI’S PRINCIPLE - APPLICATIONS
BERNOULLI’S PRINCIPLE - APPLICATIONS
BERNOULLI’S PRINCIPLE - APPLICATIONS

Airfoil
BERNOULLI’S PRINCIPLE - APPLICATIONS

Airfoil
BERNOULLI’S PRINCIPLE - APPLICATIONS

Constricted Arteries
BERNOULLI’S PRINCIPLE - APPLICATIONS
BERNOULLI’S PRINCIPLE - APPLICATIONS
BERNOULLI’S PRINCIPLE - APPLICATIONS
BERNOULLI’S PRINCIPLE - APPLICATIONS
BERNOULLI’S PRINCIPLE - APPLICATIONS
BERNOULLI’S PRINCIPLE –
APPLICATIONS
INSTRUMENTS
Venturi meter
BERNOULLI’S PRINCIPLE – APPLICATIONS
MEASURING DEVICES - Venturimeter

 Venturimeter is a device used for measuring rate of


flow of a fluid flowing through a pipe.
 Short Converging Part
 Throat
 Diverging Part
BERNOULLI’S PRINCIPLE – APPLICATIONS
MEASURING DEVICES - Venturimeter
BERNOULLI’S PRINCIPLE – APPLICATIONS
MEASURING DEVICES - Venturimeter
BERNOULLI’S PRINCIPLE – APPLICATIONS
MEASURING DEVICES - Venturimeter

 Short Converging Part / Converging Cone


 Function: Accelerate the flow and create Pressure Difference
between Inlet to Converging part and the Throat.

 Angle of is 14 ° to 20 °
BERNOULLI’S PRINCIPLE – APPLICATIONS
MEASURING DEVICES - Venturimeter
 Throat
 Function: Stabilize the Flow and facilitate the provision of
Pressure Tapping

 Diameter Ratio: d/D = 0.4 to 0.7

D=Diameter of Pipeline

D = Diameter of Throat
BERNOULLI’S PRINCIPLE – APPLICATIONS
MEASURING DEVICES - Venturimeter
 Diverging Part / Diverging Cone
 Function: Reduce the velocity and Increase the Pressure to its
original value to the extent it is practically possible

 Angle of is 5 ° to 7°
BERNOULLI’S PRINCIPLE – APPLICATIONS
MEASURING DEVICES – Venturi-meter
BERNOULLI’S PRINCIPLE – APPLICATIONS
MEASURING DEVICES – Venturi-meter
BERNOULLI’S PRINCIPLE – APPLICATIONS
MEASURING DEVICES - Venturi-meter
BERNOULLI’S PRINCIPLE –
APPLICATIONS
INSTRUMENTS
Orifice Meter
BERNOULLI’S PRINCIPLE – APPLICATIONS
MEASURING DEVICES – Orifice Meter / Orifice Plate
 Orifice meter is a device used for measuring
rate of flow of a fluid flowing through a pipe.
 Principle same as Venturi meter
 Flat Circular Plate with sharp edges called orifice
 Orifice diameter: 0.5 x Pipe Diameter (or 0.4 - 0.8)
BERNOULLI’S PRINCIPLE – APPLICATIONS
MEASURING DEVICES – Orifice meter
BERNOULLI’S PRINCIPLE – APPLICATIONS
MEASURING DEVICES – Orifice meter
BERNOULLI’S PRINCIPLE – APPLICATIONS
MEASURING DEVICES - Orifice meter

 Pressure Gauges/ Differential Manometer


Section 1: (1.5 - 2) x d, Upstream

Section 2: (0.5) x d, Downstream


BERNOULLI’S PRINCIPLE – APPLICATIONS
MEASURING DEVICES – Orifice meter
BERNOULLI’S PRINCIPLE – APPLICATIONS
MEASURING DEVICES – Orifice meter
BERNOULLI’S PRINCIPLE – APPLICATIONS
MEASURING DEVICES – Orifice meter
BERNOULLI’S PRINCIPLE – APPLICATIONS
MEASURING DEVICES – Orifice meter
BERNOULLI’S PRINCIPLE –
APPLICATIONS
INSTRUMENTS
Pitot Tube
BERNOULLI’S PRINCIPLE – APPLICATIONS
MEASURING DEVICES – Pitot Tube
 Pitot tube is a device used to measure the fluid flow
measurement invented by Henri Pitot, a French engineer
in 18th century.
BERNOULLI’S PRINCIPLE – APPLICATIONS
MEASURING DEVICES – Pitot Tube - Principle
 The pitot tube is a differential pressure measuring device.
 It is based on the principle that if the velocity of flow at a
point becomes zero, pressure is increased as the KE
converts to Pressure Energy

Stagnation
Point
BERNOULLI’S PRINCIPLE – APPLICATIONS
MEASURING DEVICES – Pitot Tube - Principle
BERNOULLI’S PRINCIPLE – APPLICATIONS
MEASURING DEVICES – Pitot Tube

H H

2 1
Stagnation
Point
2
1
Stagnation
Point
BERNOULLI’S PRINCIPLE – APPLICATIONS
MEASURING DEVICES – Pitot Tube – Advantages

 Small and do not contain any Moving Parts


 Low Cost
 Low Permanent Pressure Loss.
 Ease of installation into an existing system
BERNOULLI’S PRINCIPLE – APPLICATIONS
MEASURING DEVICES – Pitot Tube –
Disadvantages

 Foreign material in a fluid can easily clog pitot


tube and disrupt normal reading as a result.
 Placement inside the pipework is critical
 Low accuracy
 Low rangeability
(i)

(ii)
Thank You…..

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