Oxford Cambridge and RSA

Monday 16 May 2022 – Afternoon

GCSE (9–1) Computer Science
J277/01 Computer Systems
Time allowed: 1 hour 30 minutes

Do not use:
* 9 1 3 8 0 7 7 9 1 0 *

• a calculator

* J 2 7 7 0 1 *

Please write clearly in black ink. Do not write in the barcodes.

Centre number Candidate number

First name(s)

Last name

INSTRUCTIONS
• Use black ink. You can use an HB pencil, but only for graphs and diagrams.
• Write your answer to each question in the space provided. If you need extra space use
the lined pages at the end of this booklet. The question numbers must be clearly shown.
• Answer all the questions.

INFORMATION
• The total mark for this paper is 80.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets [ ].
• Quality of extended response will be assessed in questions marked with an asterisk (*).
• This document has 16 pages.

ADVICE
• Read each question carefully before you start your answer.

© OCR 2022 [601/8355/X] OCR is an exempt Charity

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Answer all the questions.

1 Computers represent data in binary form.

(a) Tick (3) one box in each row to identify the binary unit equivalent of each of the given file
sizes.

File size 2 megabytes 2 petabytes 2 kilobytes 2 bytes 2 gigabytes

2000 bytes

2000 terabytes

16 bits

4 nibbles

[4]

(b) Convert the denary number 221 into 8 bit binary. Show your working.

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(c) Convert the hexadecimal number 2F into denary. Show your working.

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(d) Convert the binary number 10110000 into hexadecimal.

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(e) Identify how many unique values can be represented by 4 bits.

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(f) Perform a binary shift of 3 places right on the binary number 10001110.

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2 Complete the table by writing the missing definition or name of each of the common CPU
components and registers.

CPU component or register Definition

Stores the address of the next instruction to be fetched from

memory. Increments during each fetch-execute cycle.

CU (Control Unit)

Stores the address of the data to be fetched from or the

address where the data is to be stored.

Performs mathematical calculations and logical operations.

[4]

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3 A library has a LAN (Local Area Network).

(a) The LAN allows access by both wired and wireless devices.

Users have reported that the network sometimes runs very slowly.

(i) Explain why the number of devices using the network at the same time can affect the
performance of the network.

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(ii) Identify one other factor that can affect the performance of the network.

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(b) Users can access websites from the library computers.

Complete the description of accessing websites using the given list of terms. Not all terms
will be used.

0 1 127 128 255 256 Colon

Domain Name Server Embedded systems File server Full stop

Hyphen Internet protocol MAC address Router

Uniform Resource Locator Web server Clients

A website is hosted on a ..................................................................... . The computers that

access the websites are called ..................................................................... .

The user enters the ..................................................................... into a web browser. The

web browser sends a request to the ..................................................................... for the

matching IP (Internet Protocol) address. If found the IP address is returned. A request is then

sent to this IP address.

An IPv4 address is made of 4 groups of digits. Each group can be between the denary

values ..................... and ..................... . The groups of digits are separated by a

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[7]
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(c) The wired connection is an Ethernet connection. Ethernet is considered a standard.

Explain why Ethernet is a standard.

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(d) The network has several routers.

Identify three tasks carried out by a router.

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[3]

(e) The library does not use encryption when data is transmitted through the network.

Give two reasons why the library should use encryption.

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[2]

(f) Protocols are used to transmit data through the network and over the internet.

Identify one protocol that can be used to perform each of the following tasks:

Send an email ...........................................................................................................................

Access a website securely .......................................................................................................

[2]

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4* Social networking websites use artificial intelligence (AI) to monitor posts from users.

Discuss the positive and negative uses of AI by social networking websites including:
• Legal issues
• Ethical issues
• Privacy issues

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5 A software development company wants to protect their computer systems and data from
unauthorised access.

(a) Identify two methods of physical security that the company could use to protect their
computer systems.

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(b) Identify and describe two software-based security methods that the company can use to
protect their computer systems and data.

Method 1 ...................................................................................................................................

Description ................................................................................................................................

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Method 2 ...................................................................................................................................

Description ................................................................................................................................

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(c) Tick (3) one box on each row to identify the legislation that would cover each of the given
events.

Copyright
The Data Computer
Designs and
Event Protection Misuse Act
Patents Act
Act (2018) (1990)
(1988)
A company transmits personal data to
another company without the individual’s
permission.
A school accidentally publishes their
students’ addresses on the school
website.
The interface for a piece of software is
replicated by a rival company.
A user leaves a computer logged on and
another person leaves them a message
on their desktop.
A student guesses their teacher’s
password and accesses their computer
account.
[5]

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6 A student is creating a range of documents for a school project.

(a) The student records a podcast about computer science.

(i) Describe how an analogue sound wave is converted into digital form.

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(ii) Tick (3) one or more boxes on each row to identify the effect(s) that each change will
have on the sound file.

File size File size Accuracy Accuracy

Change
increases decreases increases decreases
Duration changes from
10 minutes to 20 minutes
Sample rate changes from
44 kilohertz to 8 kilohertz
Bit depth changes from 8 bits
to 16 bits
[3]

(b) The student writes a report about volcanoes.

(i) The computer stores text using the ASCII character set.

Part of the ASCII character set is shown:

ASCII denary
Character
code
M 77
N 78
O 79
P 80
Q 81

Identify the character that will be represented by the ASCII denary code 84.

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(ii) Identify a second character set.

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(c) The student takes a photograph of their science experiment. The image file includes
metadata.

Identify three pieces of metadata that is often stored with an image.

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[3]

(d) The student compresses all their documents before emailing them to their teacher.

(i) Give two benefits of compressing the data before it is emailed.

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(ii) Explain why lossy compression may not be appropriate to compress all of the student’s
files.

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7 A smart television allows the user to search the Internet and watch videos online.

(a) The smart television has both RAM and ROM.

(i) State the difference between RAM and ROM.

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(ii) Give two examples of data that the smart television could store in RAM.

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(b) The smart television has secondary storage.

(i) State, using an example, why the smart television needs secondary storage.

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(ii) Identify one appropriate type of secondary storage for the smart television. Justify your
choice.

Secondary storage type ....................................................................................................

Justification .......................................................................................................................

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[4]

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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ADDITIONAL ANSWER SPACE

If additional space is required, you should use the following lined page(s). The question number(s)
must be clearly shown in the margin(s).

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Oxford Cambridge and RSA

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