Dfr frgmrs & `oqu`r`ms:

;og dbr., Lnrcmo Kbge., 88> E. Wfbmot`of \t.,

\ncpnbfl, Cno`bn, >998
Lfotnlt: (+4<;) 5<=7908 / +4<07;7>00
+4<07;7>00;87
;87
Nut hfr:: Lnrb M. Knb`tn, MgG, GrHuc, CNO, [O, [C, BYW
Nuthfr
Lfotr`kutfr: Krmo Just`o Dnjnrgf, BYW
L`rlubnt`fo Cnonemr: [umb O`mvn Jr.
Lfvmr Gms`eo: Cnra Bmstmr Lruz
Bnyfut Nrt`st: DF> Anthmr`om Noo O`mvn, [O
L`rlubnt`fo \tndd: Hucprmy O`turnb
Yr`otmr: [GBMO‐\ Yr`ot`oe \mrv`lms

Yukb`shmg ky
]bt`cntm Bmnro`oe \mr`ms
;og dbr. Lnrcmo Kbge., 88> E. Wfbmot`of \t.,
\ncpnbfl, Cno`bn >998
@\KO: 058-4;>-897;-97-0

Wh`s rmv`mwmr `s prftmltmg ky lfpyr`eht. Of pnrt fd `t cny km

rmprfgulmg, stfrmg `o n rmtr`mvnb systmc, fr trnosc`ttmg `o noy dfrc fr ky noy
cmnos-mbmltrfo`l, cmlhno`lnb, phftflfpy, rmlfrg`oe fr fthmrw`sm w`thfut
pr`fr wr`ttmo pmrc`ss`fo fd thm nuthfr nuthfr,, mxlmpt tf prm-smrv`lm tmnlhmrs whfsm
slhffbs hnvm ngfptmg th`s rmv`mwmr, nog prfv`gmg sulh `ostrultfrs hnvm e`vmo
gum lrmg`t tf th`s rmv`mwmr nog `ts‐ nuthfr.
Wh`s rmv`mwmr `s n lfcp`bnt`fo fd vnr`fus `odfrcnt`fo fo emomrnbby
nllmptnkbm aofwbmgem, lfolmpts, pr`ol`pbms, thmfr`ms, nog prnlt`lms `o
mgulnt`fo. @t ngnpts lfotmots drfc vnr`fus pukb`lby nlaofwbmgemg
pukb`lnt`fos,
pukb`lnt` fos, nuthfrs, thmfr`sts, nuthfr`t`mnuthfr`t`ms, s, nog prnlt`t`fo
prnlt`t`fomrs mrs whfsm wfras
nrm lfccfoby ut`b`zmg `o thm nlngmcm.
Whm wfras fd thmsm nuthfrs, thmfr`sts, nuthfr`t`ms, nog prnlt`t`fomrs
nrm `og`spmosnkbm tf noy rmv`mw prfernc, ns thmy nrm v`tnb dfr thm
lfcpbmtmomss fd th`s cntmr`nb. Wh`s rmv`mw cntmr`nb `s pr`cnr`by n`cmg nt hmbp`oe
nog nss`st`oe tmnlhmrs nog rmv`mwmms `o thm pursu`t fd tmnlhmr
prfdms
prf dmss`f
s`fonb
onb`zn
`znt`f
t`fo.
o.
Lnrm hns kmmo tnamo tf lfod`rc thm nllurnly fd thm `odfrcnt`fo
prmsmotmg. HfwmvmrHfwmvmr,, thm nuthf nuthfrs,rs, mg`tfr
mg`tfr,, nog pukb`sh
pukb`shmr mr nrm oft rmspfo
rmspfos`kbm s`kbm
ddf
f r m r r f r s f r f c ` s s ` f o s f r d f r n o y l f o sm q u m o l m s d r f c n p p b `l n t ` f o f d
`odfrcnt`fo `o th`s kffa nog cnam of wnrrnoty, mxprmssmg fr `cpb`mg, w`th
rmspmlt tf thm lfotmot fd thm pukb`lnt`fo, mspml`nbby rmbnt`vm tf t`cm nog fthmr
vnr`nkbms dfr wh`lh thm `odfrcnt`fo `s usmg nog nppb`mg. Noy prnlt`lm
gmslr`kmg `o th`s rmv`mw cntmr`nb shfubg km nppb`mg ky thm rmngmr `o nllfrgnolm
tf prfdmss`fonb stnognrgs fd lnrm usmg w`th rmenrg tf thm uo`qum l`rlucstnolms l`rlucstnol ms
thnt cny nppby `o mnlh s`tunt`fo. Lfccmots nog lfotr`kut`fos cny km smot
tf lkrlrmqumstIecn`b.lfc fr ky cn`b tf ]bt`cntm Bmnro`oe \mr`ms, 88> E.
Wfbmot`of \t., \ncpnbfl, Cno`bn fr thrfueh www.lnrbknb`tn.lfc www.lnrbknb`tn.lfc..
 NLAOFUBMGEMCMOW

\pml`nb thnoas tf thm cnoy pmfpbm whf `o fom wny fr nofthmr hns
lfotr`kutmg tf thm dubd`bbcmot fd th`s mogmnvfr- cy km`oe n tmnlhmr
thrfueh shnrmg aofwbmgem.

Cy tmnlhmrs!
… thmy cust hnvm shfwo cm ermnt mxncpbm fd th`s ofkbm prfdmss`fo nog
vnlnt`fo. @ wns dfrlmg `otf ours`oe kut mvfbvmg tf kmlfcm n tmnlhmr, nog
pursumg durthmr stug`ms nog kmlncm n gfltfr fd mgulnt`fo. Drfc cy
tmnlhmrs `o kns`l mgulnt`fo tf cy prfdmssfrs `o thm ernguntm slhffbs, nog
cy duturm tmnlhmrs.

Whm huogrmgs fd nuthfrs fd cy rmdmrmolms

… whfsm wfras smrvmg ns cy sukstnolm drfc wh`lh @ gmr`vmg cy dfrc

Cy stugmots, rmv`mwmms, trn`omms, nog fthmr `ol`gmotnb stugmots nog

cmotmm
… whf dfrlmg cm `otf kmlfc`oe n tmnlhmr

Cy LK[L Dnc`by
… whf dnl`b`tntmg cy erfwth ns n tmnlhmr, ns wmbb ns cy LMK erfup fd
lfcpno`ms wh`lh prfv`gmg cm n lbnssrffc bnremr thno b`dm, mspml`nbby tf
Kfoe, Onoly,
Onoly, Bnogf,
Bnogf, Jfonthno, Khuc, Gnoe nog Nbe`m!

Cy pnrmot, s`kb`oes nog rmbnt`vms

… whf eu`gmg cm thrfueh cy cnturnt`fo nog mgulnt`fo

Cy kmbfvmg dnc`by, cy w`dm, ByomByzn

Bnckmrt, whf
Byz envm
n nog cm dfur bfvmby a`gs: Byln,
Byrn
… dfr hnv`oe smrvmg ns cy rmnsfo dfr km`oe nog kmlfc`oe
… dfr cna`oe cy b`dm lfcpbmtm nog cy jfuromy wfrth kmyfog n b`dmt`cm
… dfr cy `ccfrtnb sfurlm fd lfcpbmtm hnpp`omss
 WHM ]BW@CNWM Y\PLHFBFEP FD WM\W \]LLM\\
. . . Whm KNB@WN Dfrcubn

Kr`oe Fut thm Kmst `o PF]

Pfu nrm thm ermntmst rmsfurlm! Gur`oe thm mxnc prfpmr, yfu foby
hnvm yfursmbd cfv`oe tfwnrgs thm mog-`o-c`og “ pnss`oe thm BMW! Uh`bm
G`v`om hmbp `s surmby tf lfcm tf thfsm whf smma dfr `t nog wh`bm fthmr
pmfpbm hnvm hmbpmg yfu emt thrfueh th`s dnr, thm mog fd thm knttbm `s thm
tmst tf yfur sfbm gmtmrc`ont`fo nog prmpnrmgomss tf mcmrem v`ltfr`fus.
Wh`s cmnos yfu hnvm tf km sf surm thnt yfu rmnbby hnvm krfueht fut thm
KM\W `o yfu. Wf gf th`s, nlaofwbmgem thnt yfu hnvm nbb thm pftmot`nbs tf
emt tf thm pmna fd sullmss. Pfu hnvm tf uobmnsh thm pfwmr w`th`o nog `t
hns tf lfcm drfc yfu, kmb`mv`oe thnt yfu lno nog yfu w`bb gf `t!
Hmrm nrm dmw s`cpbm `ostrult`fos tf emt tf thm rfng fd sullmss:
µ Ybnlm yfur hnog fvmr yfur lhmst, lbfsm tf yfur hmnrt
µ Lbfsm yfur myms nog tnam sfcm dmw gmmp krmnths
µ \ny th`s sbfwby tf yfursmbd, ‒@ w`bb cnam `t tf th`s mxnc…@
w`bb kr`oe fut thm KM\W `o cm…Whm pfwmr tf sullmmg `o th`s mxnc

`s w`th`o cm…thm ermntmst pfwmr w`bb hmbp cm thrfueh th`s.–

Nsa yfursmbd nkfut thm ‒K@E UHP6–!
Uhy shfubg yfu pnss th`s tmst6 Wh`s `s no `cpfrtnot noswmr thnt w`bb
lfot`oum tf eu`gm yfu thrfueh thm prmpnrnt`fo prflmss. @t cny km hnrg
kut thmrm `s n wny tf cnam mvmryth`oe mnsy
mnsy,, `olbug`oe th`s grn`o`oe rmv`mw
prflmss. Pfu hnvm tf mojfy `t!!! Wh`oa nkfut whnt yfu nrm emtt`oe drfc
thm rmv`mw prflmss nbsf fddmrs thm kmst fppfrtuo`ty dfr yfu tf kmlfcm
thm kmst WMNLHM[ yfu lfubg km. Whm ‒K@E UHP6– lfubg nbsf lfcm ns n
sfurlm fd `osp`rnt`fo, n lfot`oufus dumb thnt w`bb ammp thm d`rm fd gms`rm
tf sullmmg `o yfu kuro`oe.

B`stmo tf yfur kfgy nog sfub!

Pfur kfgy hns ommgs nog `s lfccuo`lntmg tf yfu `o g`ddmrmot wnys.
@t ommgs yfur nttmot`fo tff. Nssmss`oe nog mvnbunt`oe hfw yfur kfgy
pmrdfrcs tf rmnlh`oe yfur efnbs `s `omv`tnkbm pnrt fd yfur sullmss. Omvmr
dfrlm yfursmbd tff hnrg nog tff culh cfrm thno whnt yfu nltunbby ommg nog
whnt yfu lno nltunbby gf. @d yfu nrm sbmmpy, ef nog tnam n rmst fr n onp. @d
yfu‐rm huoery, d`og sfcmth`oe tf mnt. @o fthmr wfrgs, b`stmo tf whnt yfur
kfgy `s nsa`oe yfu. Ndtmr e`v`oe `otf whnt `t wnots, thmo `t w`bb km mns`mr dfr
`t tf e`vm yfu whnt yfu wnot `o rmturo. Wh`s `s oft n ‒gmpmrsfonb`z`oe–
mxpmr`molm, kut rnthmr n prnlt`lnb fpt`c`znt`fo fd mddfrts nog t`cm. Uhnt‐s
thm usm fd push`oe yfursmbd tf lfot`oum stugy`oe whmo nbb yfu wnot `s tf mnt
fr sbmmp6 Mojfy thm rmv`mw prflmss! Wh`s `s ef`oe tf km n onee`oe rmc`ogmr.
@d yfur kfgy mojfys whnt `t `s ef`oe thrfueh, thm sfub lfubg km drmm d`og`oe `ts
wny tf whnt `t `s mov`s`fomg tf km. Gfo‐t puo`sh yfursmbd `o thm prflmss fd
bmnro`oe nog erfw`oe!

@og`v`gunb`zm yfur bmnro`oe!

Um nrm uo`qum, `o mvmry wny yfu lno th`oa fd. Wh`s nppb`ms tf bmnro.
Um gf hnvm g`ddmrmot bmnro`oe stybms. [mcmckmr thnt yfu nrm nbrmngy no
NG]BW. D`og smosm `o whnt yfu nrm bmnro`oe. Gfo‐t just cmcfr`zm mvmryth`oe.

@otmronb`zm mvmry thmfry nog lfolmpt. D`og cmno`oes nog rmbnt`fosh`ps. Cnoy
th`oes sb`p fur lfosl`fus c`og kmlnusm `t `s pushmg tf thm uolfosl`fus trnsh
k`o thnt wm lnooft mns`by nllmss. Whnt `s s`cpby kmlnusm fur ngubt tmogmol`ms
wnot thm duolt`fonb vnbum fd whnt wm nrm bmnro`oe ndtmr nbb. D`og yfur kmst
cffg, pbnlm, t`cm, spnlm, lfcpnoy, nllmssfry (b`am cus`l nog b`eht), nog
mov`rfocmot. Gfo‐t mvmr dfremt PF] nrm thm kfss hmrm!

Wrust thnt yfu hnvm whnt `t tnams tf km sullmssdub!

Bmt us nllmpt thnt of fom `s mvmr pmrdmlt, kut wm nrm lfcpbmtm
lf cpbmtm mofueh
tf emt thrfueh fur tnsas. Just b`am yfu, PF] hnvm whnt `t tnams tf km n
sullmssdub mxnc`omm. Pfu foby hnvm tf lfcpmtm w`th yfursmbd nog yfu hnvm
tf cnam surm thnt yfu gfo‐t lfcpmtm w`th yfur ermntmst nssmt (thnt cny km
yfur pftmot`nbby ermntmst b`nk`b`ty tff). Of fom hns tf dn`b dfr yfu tf pnss.
Omvmr usm fthmrs ns yfur kmolhcnra fr sullmss `og`lntfrs. Gf oft lfcpnrm
yfursmbd w`th fthmrs. Gf`oe sf snlr`d`lms nog neer`mvms yfur lfod`gmolm.

Nlt ofw!
Whm c`og `s n wfogmrdub gfcn`o. @t fddmrs nbb thm kmst `o b`dm nog yfur
`cne`ont`fo hns tf fddmr. Kut `t shfubg km lfcpbmcmotmg ky n gml`s`vm nlt`fo
tf trnosbntm grmncs nog c`ogsmts `otf tnoe`kbm nog cmnsurmnkbm `og`lntfrs
nog rmsubts. Whm amy hmrm `s NLW@FO! Fpt`fos nrm n thfusnog, lhf`lms nrm n
bft, kut thm nlt`fo yfu tnam `s thm lhf`lm thnt yfu cnam. Nog thm lhf`lm thnt
yfu cnam gmd`oms whnt yfu w`bb rmnp. @t lfubg m`thmr krmna yfu fr cnam yfu.
Just gfo‐t dfremt thnt HM hns e`vmo us drmmw`bb nog rmnsfo tf lhffsm wmbb.
 WNKBM FD LFOWMOW\

YH@B@YY@OM H@\WF[ P >

N\@NO H@\WF[ P >8

UF[ BG H@\WF [ P 7=

ML F OF C@L \ =8

>085 YH@B@YY@OM L F O\W@W]W@FO 57

\FL @FBFEP NOG NOWH[ FYF B FEP 80

EMF E[NYHP >99

 ]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

YH@B@YY@OM H@\WF[P

>
 ]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

YH@B@YY@OM H@\WF[P
H@\WF[P
@. Y[M
Y [M LFBFO@NB
LFBFO@NB

@odbumolms
@odb umolms fd fthmr lfuotr`ms
lfuotr`ms
Lh`on @og`n
• Nol`mot D`b`p`ofs
D`b` p`ofs trngmg
trngmg w`th • @odbumol
@odbum olms
ms wmrm cn`oby
thm Lh`omsm gur`oe
gur`oe thm \uoe rmdbmltmg `o thm bflnb
bflnb
gyonsty noeunem s.
• @odbumolms
@odbum olms wmrm
wmrm cn`oby • Un`st
Un`st bffc
b ffcs,
s, tmxt`bm
tmx t`bms,
s, cfgmro
m lfofc` l. Knrfoe Wnenb fe, nog vm ` b s nrm
• ]sm fd uckrmbbns,
uckrmbb ns, efoes, s`c`bnr
s`c` bnr tf thm`r
thm` r lfuotmrpnr
lfuotmrpnrts
ts `o
b m ng, pfrlm b n` o @og` n.
• Cnoudnltur`oe fd euopfwgmr1
cmtnbburey
•
Nrrnoe`oe thm cnrr`nems
Nrrnoe`oe cnrr`nems fd
lh`bgrmo
lh`bg rmo ky pnrmots
pnrmots
• Umnr`oe
Umnr`oe wh`tm
wh` tm sh`rts
sh` rts fr
grmssms ns n s`eo fd cfuro`oe

Lustfcs nog prnlt

prnlt`lm
`lmss
Mgulnt`fo
Knykny`o:: >5
Knykny`o >5 bmttmrs
bm ttmrs (< vfwmbs,
vfwmb s, >7 lfosfonots)
Nrt`dnlts gmp`lt`oe fthmr wr`t`oe systmcs:

>. Lnbntne
Lnbntneno
no Mnrt
Mnrthmownr
hmownrm m Yft (Kntn
(Kntnoen
oens)
s)
;. Kutun
utunoo \`bvmr
\`bvmr Ynbmfe
Ynbmferrnph
nph
<. Bneuon
Bneuon Lfppmrpbntm
Lfppmrpbntm (`s nkfut
nkfut n lbmnrnol
lbmnrnolm
m fd gmkt)
;
 ]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM
Froncmots
T` snynos
T`sny nos wmrm thm cfst tnttfmg
tnttfmg ncfoe nol
nol`m
`mot
ot D`b
D`b`p`ofs.
`p`ofs. Uhmo thm
\pno`nrgs lncm,
lncm, thmy lnbb
lnbbmg
mg thm dfrcmr ns p`otngfs.
Nrts
Kub-fb: (Cfuotn
(Cfuotn`o
`o Yrfv`olm) rmprmsmots n sp`r`t wh`lh thm pmfpbm rmvmrm
\fl`nbb Lbnssms
\fl`n L bnssms
Wnenb fes T ` snynos
>. oncncnhny “ hnshns n dnc
dnc`by
`by >. tucnt
tucntnknkno
no “ wframg
wframg dfr
nog hfusm fd h` s fwo h` s/hm r cnstm r whm o
;. sne`e`b`g “ hns of prfpm rty nt succfom g tf gf sf
n
nbb b , no
nog hns tf sm m a ;. tucnrncpua “ wfram g fom
pmrc
mrc`s
`sss`fo
`fo tf h`s/
`s/hmr cnstm r gny ddf
fr h`s/
`s/hm r cnstmr
` d hm /shm wnots tf cnrry <. ny um y - wfram g thrm m gny s dfr
h`s/hmr cnstmr
cnstmr
Cnrr`nem lustfcs
Yncucubuoeno/Yncncnbnm
Yncucubuoeno/Yncncnbnm “ n lfurtsh`p
lfurtsh`p r`eht
r` eht kmdfrm
kmd frm n cnrr`nem
• Fd Cusb`cs (stnems):
>. pn
pnonbno
onbnoeu o` (kmtrfthnb)
euo`
;. pmgs
pmgsuoe ug (smttbmcm
uoeug (smttbmcmot
ot fd gfwry)
gfwry)
<. pmea nw`oe (wmgg`oe dmst`vnb)
pmeanw`oe
• K`eny-anyn/gfwry lfos`sts fd bnog, efbg, fr gmpmogmots.
Efvmrocmot
Whm lh`mdtn
lh`md tn`o
`o mxm
m xmrl
rl`sm
`smgg nbb thm duol
d uolt`fos
t`fos fd efvmrocmot.
• Knrnoeny: lfos`stmg fd <9 tf >99 dnc`b`ms

Kur`nb
• cfrftnb (cfuro`oe fd n wfcno
• cnebnh` (cfuro`oe fd n cno)
• bnrnw (cfuro`oe fd n lh`mdtn`o)
• s`ync (o`
pns`ync
pn (o`oth
oth gny
gny fd gmnth wns lmbmkrntmg)
lmbm krntmg)
[mb`e`fuss Kmb`mds
[mb`e`fu Kmb`md s
• Antnbfon (Wnenbfe/Anpncpnoen
(Wnenbfe/Anpncpnoeno)
o) nog knknybno (T`
( T`snyns)
snyns) wm
wmrm
rm
thm sp`r`tunb bmngmrs.
bm ngmrs.
• Ynoeuonh`oe cen g`yfs: Knthnbn
Knthnbn (Wnenbfe)1
(Wnenbfe)1 Nkkn (Lmkunof)1
(Lm kunof)1
Bnfo (K`snyn)
Mlfofc`l B`d
B`dmm
p`bfol`tfs (lfos`gmrmg ns d`rst cfomtnry systmc fd thm lfuotry)
<
 ]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

Bnoeunems
• M`eht cny km lfos`gmrmg ns cnjfr: H`b`enyofo, Cne`ognonf,
@bfanof, \uekuhnofo, Anpncpnoeno, \ncnrofo, Wnenbfe,
Ynoens`ono
• Bnoeunems lncm drfc thm Nustrfoms`no fr Cnbnyf-Yfbyoms`no
bnoeunem.
• ‒@ dfuog `o th`s bnoeunem (Wnenbfe) dfur qunb`t`ms fd thm dfur
ermntmst bnoeunems fd thm wfrbg “ Hmkrmw,
Hmkrmw, Ermma, Bnt`o,
Bnt`o, nog
\pno`sh. @t hns thm cyst`l`sc nog g`dd`lubt`ms
g`dd` lubt`ms fd thm Hmkrmw1 thm
g`st`olt`vm
g`st`olt`vm tmrcs
tmrcs fd thm Ermma…1
Ermma…1 thm dubbomss
dub bomss nog mbmenolm
mbmenolm fd
Bnt`o1
Bnt`o1 nog thm l`v
l`v`b
`b`ty
`ty nog lfurtmsy
lfurtmsy fd \pno`sh.–
(Lh`r`of, Y. [mbnl
[mb nl`fo
`fo gm bns @sbns D`b`p`ons,
D`b `p`ons, p.=;)
p.=;)

@@. \YNO@\H
\Y NO@\H YM[@FG
YM[@FG
Mur
Murfpm‐s
fpm‐s `otmrmst
` otmrmst tf ‘omw bnogs‐
b nogs‐
Omw tmlhofbfe`ms “ Lnrnvmb
Cnrlf
nrlf Yfbf, n Tmomt`
Tm omt`no
no trnvmb
trnvmbmr,
mr, (sn`b`
(sn`b`oe
oe vmssmb)
whf rmnlhmg
rmnlhmg Lh`on
Lh` on nog mvmo
kmlncm n efvmrocmot fdd`l`nb
fdd` l`nb • lfcpnss
lfcpnss (usm
(usmgg dfr g`rmlt`fos)
gur`oe Puno
Puno gyonsty. @o h`s
h` s stny, hm • nstrfbnkm (usmg tf gmtmrc`om
wns nkbm tf wr`tm ‘Whm Wrnvmb
Wrnvmbss fd g`stnolm drfc
d rfc mquntfr)
mquntfr)
Cnrlf
nrlf Yfbf‐, wh`lh spnramg thm
Murfpmno
Murfpmno `otmrmst
`otm rmst tf smm thm
wmnbth fd Ns`n.
C`ofr Yfrtuenb “ spmnrhmngmg
Dnbb fd Lfostnot`ofpbm “ Ns`n C`ofr spmnrhmngmg cnr`t`cm

(Wuramy) wns no `cpfrtnot rfutm rfutm g`slfvmry fd omw bnogs

dfr trngm
trngm kmtwmmo
km twmmo Murfpm
Murfpm nog Wrmnty
Wrmnty fd Wfrgms`bbns “ nuthfrmg ky
f d Wfrgms`bbns
Ns`n.
Ns` n. @o >7=<
>7=<,, Wura`sh Cusb`cs
usb `cs Yfpm Nbmxnogmr
Nbm xnogmr T@ tf smttbm
lfoqumrmg th`s nrmn nog `cpfsmg lfodb`lt
lfodb` ltss fo omw bnogs g`slfvmrmg
h`eh tnxms dfr
d fr noyfom
noyfom whf wnots ky mxpbfrmr
mx pbfrmrs.s.
tf emt tf thm
thm fthmr s`gm.
s`gm .
Nem fd G`slfvmry nog Mxpbfrnt`fo “
Ymr`fg fd h`stfry whmrm`o
whmrm` o Mur
Murfpmno
fpmno
lfuotr`ms
lfuot r`ms smlurm lfbfo`ms
lfbfo`m s fvmrsmns
dfr thmcsmbvm
thmcsmbvmss

7
 ]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

Cnembbno‐s
Dmrg`onog Cnembb no‐s Mxpmg`t`
Mxpmg`t`fo
fo
^u`la Dnlts - hns ;=9
;=9-;59
-;59 cmo
• d`vm sh`p
s h`ps:
s: Wr`o`gng (cn`o sh`p), \no Notfo`f,
Notfo`f, Lfolmpl
Lfolmpl`fo,
`fo,
\not`nef (scnbbmst
(scnbbms t sh`p), T`ltfr
T `ltfr`n
`n (foby
(fob y fom tf rmturo
rmturo tf \pn`o)
• Cnr`nons @sbnogs nrm lnbbmg Bngrfoms fr ‘bnog fd thm th`mvms‐.
• Hfcfohfo “ pbnlm whmrm Cnembbno d`rst bnogmg
• Mor`qum “ Cnbny sbnvm whf `otmrprmtmg thm bnoeunems dfr
Cnembbno
• B`cnsnwn “ whmrm thm d`rst cnss wns hmbg
• Notfo`f Y`endmttn “ rmlfrgmg thm trnvmbs
[msubts
• prfvmg thnt thm wfrbg `s rfuog, fr fkbntm sphmrf`g
• surdnlmg n ommg tf hnvm no @otmront`fonb Gntm B`om
• d`rst ebfknb l`rluconv`ent`fo
• prfvmg mx`stmolm fd Ynl`d`l Flmno
\pno`sh mxpmg`t`fos
Fthmr \pno`sh mxpmg` t`fos
Bfn`sn
Bfn`s n (>
( >=;=)
=;=)
• Efnb: Cnam
Cnam Cfbullns n lfbfo
lfbfoyy fd \pn`o.
\p n`o.
• [msubts: Bfn`sn g`mg `o
` o Ynl`d
Ynl`d`l.
`l. Gmb Lnof g`mg bntmr
b ntmr gur`oe
gur`oe vfynem.
Nogrms gm ]rgnomtn rmturomg
rmturomg w`th
w` th foby n sh`p (\notn
( \notn Cnr`n
Cnr`n gm bn
bn
T`ltfr`n)
T`ltfr`n) bmdt,
b mdt, fut fd smvmo.
Lnkft (>=;4)
(>=;4)
• Efnb:
Efnb: Mstnkb`sh trngm kmtwmmo
km twmmo \pn`o nog Mnst.
Mnst.
• [msubts: @ostmng,
@ostm ng, hm wmot tf [`f gm Yb
Ybntn
ntn,, wh`lh
wh` lh `s rucfrmg
rucfrmg tf km

n wmnbth`mr p`mlm fd bnog

b nog..
\nnvmgrn (>=;5)
• Efnbs:
Efnbs: D`og
D` og surv`vfrs drfc Cnembb
Cnembbno‐s
no‐s vfynem1 d`og
d` og fut whnt
hnppmomg tf Bfn`sn‐s
Bfn`sn‐s nog Lnkft‐s.
• [msubts: Uns nkbm tf rmslum surv`vfrs drfc Cnembb
Cnembbno‐s
no‐s nog
Bfn`sn‐s
Bfn`sn‐s mxpm
m xpmg`t`
g`t`fo.
fo. \nnvmgrn
\nnvmgrn g`mg gur`oe
gur`o e vfynem. H`s lrmw
lrmw wns
lnpturmg
lnpturmg ky Yfrtuenb.
Yfrtuenb.

=
 ]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

T`bb
T` bbnbfkfs
nbfkfs (>
( >=7;)
• Efnb:
Efnb: Mstnkb`
Mstnkb`sh
sh n pmrcnomot
pmrcnomot \pno`sh pfrt `o thm Yh`b
Y h`b`pp`
`pp`oms.
oms.
• [msubts: T`bbnbfkfs
T`b bnbfkfs envm
envm thm oncm Bns
Bns @sbns D`b
D`b`p`
`p`ons
ons tf
tf thm
Yh`b`
Yh` b`pp`om
pp`oms.
s. Hm nog h`s lrmw wmrm lnpturmg
lnpturmg ky Yfrtuenb.
Yfrtuenb.
T`bbnbfkfs
T`b bnbfkfs g`mg `o
` o pr`sfo
pr`sfo kmlnusm
kmlnusm fd dmvmr.
dmvm r.
Bmenzp` (>=47)
• Efnb: \t`bb mstnkb`sh n pmrcnomot \pno`sh pfrt `o thm
Yh`b`pp`oms.
• [msubts:
>. Hng kbffg lfclfcpnlt
pnlt w`th \`antuon nog \`e\`enb
nbn n (Kfhfb)
;. L`
L`ugng
ugng gmb \not`s
\not`s`cf
`cf Of
Ofcckr
krm
m gm Jms
Jmsusus “ d`rst
d` rst \p
\pno`s
no`shh
tfwo mstnkb`shmg `o thm lfuotry1 ofw aofwo ns Lmku L`ty.
<. ]r
]rgnomt
gnomtn n Ynss
Ynssnem
nem “ ]r
]rgnomt
gnomtn,
n, Bmen
Bmenzpzp`‐s
`‐s lh`md p`bft,
g`slfvmrmg n rfutm v`n thm Ynl`d`l tf Onv`gng, Cmx`lf.
Wh`s smn bnom `s bntmr tf km usmg `o thm Cno`bn-Nlnpublf
enbbmfo
enb bmfo tr
trngm.
ngm.
=. Juo
Juomm <, >=5> “ Bme
Bmenzp`
nzp` kmlncm d`rs
d`rstt efvmrof
efvmrofr-emomrnb
r-emomrnb
fd thm lfuotry.
4. Juo
Juomm ;7, >=5> “ Cno`bn kmlncm thm ln lnp`tnb
p`tnb l`ty
l` ty fd thm
\pno`sh Mnst @og`ms, nog thm smlfog l`ty tf km
mstnkb`ss hmg k
mstnkb` ky
y \pn`o.
5. @os`eom y \`mcprm Bmnb L`ugng gm Mspnon “ t`tbm e`vmo
tf Cno`b
no`bn
n
Yfb`t`lnb strulturm

Ont`fonb bmvm
Ont`fonb bmvmbb
Efvmrofr-emomrnb “ prprms`
ms`gmot
gmot fd [mnb Nug`m
N ug`mol`n1
ol`n1 hns
hns pfwmr fo
mllbms`nst`lnb nppf`otcmots
Yrfv`ol`nb
Yrfv`ol`nb bmvmb
bmvm b
>. \fcm lfrrme`
lfrrme`c`m
c`motfs:
otfs: Cnr
Cnr`vm
`vmbm
bms,
s, C`ogfrf, Ynony
Ynony
;. @ogubtf
@ogub tf gm lfcmrl`f
lfcmrl`f “ spml`nb pr`v`bmem
pr`v`b mem ky thm nblnbgm cnyfr tf
tf
moenem `o` o trngm
trngm (kut nkfb`shmg
nkfb` shmg ky [mdfrc Gmlrmm
Gmlrmm fd >84
>844 turo`oe
turo`oe
thm nblnbgm cnyfr drfc n kus`omsscno
kus`om sscno `otf n jugem.)
<. Nblnbgm cnyfr hns thm mxmlut`vm, jug`l`nb, nog c`b`tnry duolt`fos.
7. Whm m`eht
m` eht nyuotnc`om
nyuotnc`omtfs
tfs (ky >80
>807): Cn
Cno`b
o`bn,
n, @bf`b
@b f`bf,
f, Jnrf, T`
T`eno,
eno,
Nbkny,
Nb kny, Lmku, Kntnoens
Kntnoens,, nog Oumvn
Oum vn Lnlmrms.
Lnlmrms.

4
 ]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

[ms`gmol`n nog v`s`tn

>. [ms`gmol`n “ jug`l`nbby rmv`mws
rmv` mws no fdd`l`nb nt thm mog fd h`s
h` s tmrc fd
fd
;. T`s`tn
T`s` tn “ v`s`ts no `og`v`gunb
`og` v`gunb fdd`l`nb
fdd` l`nb fr ns
ns n emomrnb
emomrnb nt noy
noy e`vmo t`cm
w`th`o thm fdd`l`n
fdd` l`nb‐s
b‐s tmrc
*\mm `cnem kmbfw
kmb fw dfr
dfr thm pfb`t`ln b strulturm.*

Lhnoems uogmr \pno`sh rubm

MLFOFC@L
• Wr`kutf/kuw`
Wr`kutf/kuw`ss “ g`rmlt tnx Yfbf y smrv`l`f
smrv`l` f pmrsfonb
pmrsfonb
• Knognbn “ `og`rmlt tnx1 no • >4-49
>4-49 ymnr-f
ymnr-fbg
bg cnbms
cnb ms

mod frlmg
modfrl mg snbm fd effgs •
Wh`s `s wfra w`thfut
• \nckfnoeno “ tnx tf lrush lfcpmosnt`fo.
lfcpmosnt` fo.
Cfrf rn`gs • Dnbbn (cfomy pn`g tf km
• Lmgubn
Lmgub n pmrsfonb “ rmpbnlmg mxmcptmg
mx mcptmg drfc pfbf )
tr`kutm1 pn`g ky noyfom whf `s • wframg dfr
d fr 79
79 gnys1
gnys1 thmo `o
fvm r m ` ehtm m o ym nrs fb g >887, wns rm gulm g tf >= gnys
• Cnbm pfpubnt
pfpubnt`fo
`fo gmlb`omg.

5
 ]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

Molfc`mog n “ n ernot
Molfc`mogn ernot fd \pno`sh
\pno` sh Cno`bn-Nlnpublf Enbbmfo trngm
nuthfr`ty tf n \pno`nrg, whf • Uns thm foby rmeubnr dbmmt
Uns dbm mt
prfvmg h`s bfynbty
b fynbty tf nog
nog mddfrts
mdd frts smrv`lm `o
` o thm Ynl`d
Ynl`d`l
`l Flmno
Flmno dfr
dfr thm ebfry fdfd \pn`o, tf mxmrl
mxm rl`sm
`sm ;=9
;=9 ymnrs1 hng twf vm vmssm
ssmbsbs
lfotrfb
lfot rfb fvmr n p`mlm
p`m lm fd bnog,
b nog, nog • Foby D`b`p`of
D`b` p`of `ovfbvmcmot wns
mvmo `ts `ohn
` ohnk`tnot
k`tnots.
s. thm lfostrult`fo
lfostrult`fo fd thm
Wwf a`ogs: vmssmbs/enbbmfos
>. molfc`mogn
molfc`mo gn gm bn
b n rmnb lfrfon
lfrfon • Yfs`t`vm rmsubts: @otmrlubturnb
“ bnogs rmsmrvmg dfr thm mxlhnoems
mxlhnoe ms kmtwmmo Yh`b`pp`oms
Yh`b`pp` oms
\pno`sh cfonrlhs nog Cmx
Cmx`lf
`lf
;. molfc`mogn
molfc`mo gn gm pnrt`lubnrms
pnrt`lubnrms
“ bnogs dfr
d fr thm
thm A`oe‐s
A` oe‐s bfynb
b fynb
cmo
[fynb Mlfofc`l
Mlfofc`l \fl`mty fd Dr`mogs Dmrrfln
Dmrrflnr`b
r`b gm Cno`bn
no`b n
fd thm Lfuotry
Lfuotry • Foby rn`bwny b`om
b` om ``o
o thm lfuotry1
fuotry1
• Mstnkb`
Mstnkb`shmg
shmg ky Efv-Emo Knslf1
Knslf1 lfoomlts Cno`
Cno`bb n tf Gneupno
thrfueh th`s, thm cfofpfby
thrfueh cfofpfb y fd
tfknllf
tfknllf nr`sms
nr`sm s Yumotm Lfbenotm
Lfb enotm (^umzfo Kr`gem)
Kr`gem)
[fynb
[fynb Yh`b`
Yh` b`pp`om
pp`om Lfcpnoy
Lfcpnoy • d`rst suspmos`fo kr`gem
kr`gem `o
` o thm
• Mddfrt `o uo`t`oe
uo`t` oe Ncmr`lno nog
nog Dnr Mnst
Ns`no
Ns` no lfccmrlm,
lfccmrlm, nog hnv`oe
g`rmlt trngm
trngm kmtwmmo
kmtwmm o \pn`o • Bncps wmrm pfwmrmg
Bncps pfwm rmg d`rst ky
nog
no g Yh`b`pp`oms
Yh`b` pp`oms lflfout
lflfout f`b.
f`b .
MG]LNW@FONB

Dfr kfys:
>. Lfbm
Lfbme`f
e`f Cnx`cf
Cnx`cf gm \no @eonl`f
@eonl`f “ d`
d`rst
rst lfbb
lfbbmem
mem dfr
d fr kfys
;. Lfbme`f
Lfbm e`f gm @bgmdfosf
@bgmd fosf “ sfbm smlfognry slhffb
slhffb futs`gm Cno`b
Cno`bnn
<. Lfbm
Lfbme`f
e`f gm Oumstrn \mofrn gmb \not`s`cf
\not`s` cf [fsnr`f
[fsnr`f “ prmsm
prmsmot-gny
ot-gny ]\W
]\W
7. Mslumb
Mslumbnn Y`n
Y` n “ prmsmot-gny NGC]
NGC]
=. Lfbme`f gm \no
\no Juno
Juno gm Bmtrn
Bmtrno
o “ fbgmst lfbbm
lfbbmem
em `o Yh`b`pp`oms,
Yh`b` pp`oms, nog
fbgmst sml
sm lfognry
fognry `o Ns`n
N s`n
Dfr e`rbs:
>. Lfbm
Lfbme`fs
e`fs fd \notn Yftmol`non “ d`
d`rst
rst slhffb
slhffb dfr e`rbs
;. Lfbm
Lfbme`f
e`f gm \notn @snkmb “ fbgmst lfbbmem
lfbbm em dfr e`rbs wh`lh fpmrntms
fpmrntms up
tf thm prmsm
prmsmot
ot

8
 ]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

Mgulnt`fo
Mgulnt`fonb
nb Gmlrmm
Gm lrmm fd
f d >84<
>84<
• drmm,, lfcpubsfry, pukb`l pr`cnry slhffbs
drmm slhffbs
• nt bmnst twf slhffbs1 fom dfr kfys, fom dfr e`rbs
• Bmnromrs: 4->7 ym
ymnrs
nrs fbg
• rmqu`rmg tf tmnlh
tmnlh Lhr`st`no gfltr`om
gfltr`om,, \pno`sh h`stfr
h` stfry,
y, rmng`oe, nog
wr`t`oe. E`rbs wmrm
wm rm tnueht
\FL@F-L]BW][NB
>. Efv-Emo
Efv-Emo Onrl`sf
Onrl`sf Lbnvmr`n
Lb nvmr`n cngm thm D`b`p`
D`b `p`ofs
ofs ngfpt \pno`sh
suroncms
suroncms `o h`s Lntnbfef nbdnkmt`lf gm npmbb`gfs.
;. Cnbms nrm wmnr`oe knrfoe tnenbfe fr lnc`sn gm lh`of, nog trfusmrs.
Dmcnbmss hnvm rmtn`omg thm`r
Dmcnbm thm `r knrf nog snyn.
snyn.
<. D`m
D`mstns,
stns, wh`lh `s n lmb
lmbmkrnt`fo
mkrnt`fo fd n sn`ot,
sn`ot, ``ss `otrfgulmg.
`otrfgulmg.
7. Gfc`o`lno pr`msts, hmngmg ky Dr. Drnol`slf
Drnol`slf Kbnolns gm \no Jfsm,
`otrfgulmg cfvnkbm
cfvnkbm kbfla pr`ot`oe.
Gfltr`on Lhr`st`non (>0
=. Gfltr`on (>09
9<) wns thm d`rst
d `rst pukb`shmg
pukb` shmg kffa `o
` o thm
lfuotry.
4. Wfcn
Wfcnss Y`op`o
Y`op` o wns aofwo ns ‒Yr`olm fd D`b`p`
D`b `p`of
of Yukb`shmrs–.
Yukb` shmrs–.
5. Dr. G`mef
G`m ef Lmrrn cngm thm Bns Y`ons
Y` ons Knckff Freno `o >8> >8>8, wh`lh up
tf thm prmsmot,
prmsmot, thm foby fom fd `ts a`og `o
` o thm wfrbg.
8. Whm d`rs
d` rstt cusmuc, Cumsf-K`kb`ftmln
Cumsf-K`kb`ftmln gm D`b`p`ons,
D`b `p`ons, wns lfcpbmtmg
lfcpbmtmg `o
>80;
0. Gnc`no Gfc`oef
Gfc`oef wns aofwo ns ‒Dnthmr
‒Dnthmr fd D`b`p`
D`b `p`of
of Yn`otmrs–.
>9. [`sm fd sfl`nb lbnssms:
n. Ymo`osubnrms
Ymo` osubnrms “ \pno`sh whf wns kfro `o \pn`o
\pn`o nog b`vmg
b` vmg `o thm

Yh`b`pp`oms
k. @osubnrms
@osubnrms “ \pno`sh
\pno`sh whf wns kfro
kfro nog b`vmg
b` vmg `o thm
thm Yh`b`pp`oms,
Yh`b` pp`oms,
lnbb
lnbbmg
mg ns thm ‘fr`e`onb‐
‘fr`e`onb‐ D`b
D`b`p`ofs
`p`ofs
l. Cmst`zfs
mst` zfs “ c`x fd kfth \pno`sh nog `og`f1
`og` f1 Whmy wmrm rmenrgmg
rmenrgmg
`odmr`fr
`odm r`fr pmfpbm ky kfth \pno`sh
\pno`sh nog D`b
D`b`p`ofs.
`p`ofs.
g. @og`f “ ont`vm
ont`vm D`b`p`ofs
D`b` p`ofs
m. Lh`omsm
Lh`om sm cmrlhnots
cmrlhnots

0
 ]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

[mnl
[mnlt`fos
t`fos nog upr`s`oes fd D`b
D`b`p`
`p`ofs
ofs tf thm \pno`nrgs
\pno`nrgs
D`rst D`b`p`ofs tf rmvfbt wmrm Bnpu-Bnpu fd Cnltno (>=;>), nog Gnenc` fd
Lmku (>=45).
Bm ngm r Yb nlm [m nsfo
Bnano
ano Gubn Cno`bn
o`bn [ms`st
ms`stmg
mg \pno`
pno`ssh-`c
h-`cpf
pfsm
smg
g tnxms
Cnent \nbn
\nbncn
cntt Cno`bn Wr`mg tf emt r`g fd \pno
\pno`n
`nrrgs
Cnenbn
enbntt Lnen
Lnenyn
yno
o [ms`st
ms`stmg \pno`s
pno`sh-
h-`cp
`cpfs
fsmg
mg tnxms
Knoanw Bmyt
mytm Unotmg tf rmvmr
mvmrtt knl
knla tf dfr
dfrcmr kmb`m
kmb`mds
ds
Wnck
ckbf
bftt Kfhfb
hfb Unotmg
otmg tf rmvmr
mvmrtt knl
knla tf dfr
dfrcmr kmb`md
kmb`mdss
Juno Yfolm [ms`stm g frgmr fd Efv. Dnjnrgf
[ms`stmg Dnjnrgf tf smog
\ncnr
\ucurfy \ncnrofos tf Lnv`tm tf lfostrult sh`ps
Drnol`slf
Yncpnoen ]ojust nog gmbnymg
gmb nymg lfcpmosnt`fo
lfcpmosnt`fo
Cno`nef
Nogrms
Nogrms Cnbfoe
nbfoe Ynoen
Ynoens`on
s`ono
o Nkusm fd \pno`sh
\pno`sh fdd`l`nbs
fdd`l`nbs
Wnpnr
pnr Yn
Ynon
ony
y Unotmg
otmg tf rmvmr
mvmrtt knl
knla tf dfr
dfrcm
cmrr kmb`md
kmb`mdss
Drnol`slf Dr. Enspnr
Enspnr Cfrnbm
frnbmss rmdusmg
rmdusm g tf e`vm h`s
Gnefhfy Kfhfb krfthmr
krft hmr n Lhr`st`no kur`nb
kur`nb..
G`mef nog T`eno, @bflf
@ bflfss
[ms`stmg \pno`sh-`cpfsmg tnxms
Enkr`mbn \`bnoe \ur
Ynb nr` s Ynoens` ono [m s` stm g \p
\pno` sh-` cpfsm g tn
tnx m s
Npfb`onr`f \pno`sh dr`nrs g`go‐t rmlfeo`zm
rmlfeo`zm h`s
h` s
^umzfo
gmbn
gmb n Lruz
Lruz Lfdrng`n gm \no Jfsm.

[mnsfos dfr thm dn`burm

dn`b urm fd rmvfbts:
>. Bnla
Bnla fd nog wmna
wm na wm
wmnpfory
npfory “ Whm`r
Whm` r lnptfrs
lnptfrs hnvm euos nog lnoofo
wh`bm
wh`b m fur nolmstfrs
nolmstfrs foby hnvm spmnrs
spm nrs nog kfbfs.
;. Bnla
Bnla fd strntmey
strntmey nog sfcm D`b`p`
D`b `p`ofs
ofs wframg dfr nog w`th thm
\pno`sh
\pno`sh dfr
d fr kmomd`ts.
<. Bnla fd
fd no
no mxl
mxlmbbmot
mbbmot bmngm
bmngmrr
7. Emfernph`lnb
Emfernph`lnb smtt`oe “ Mn
Mnrby
rby D`b
D`b`p`
`p`ofs
ofs wmrm lfog`t`fomg tf b`vm
b` vm
smpnrntmby drfc mnlh fthmr,
fthmr, cna`oe upr`s`oes
upr`s` oes scnbb
scnbb-slnbm
-slnbm nog mnsy
tf rmprmss. Wh`s ln
lnusmg
usmg n lfccuo`lnt`fo
lfccuo`lnt`fo enp.
=. Of b`oeun
b` oeun drnoln
drnoln “ Whmrm
Whmrm wns oft mvmo
mvm o n ont`fonb bnoeunem dfr thm

mnrby D`b`p`
D`b `p`ofs
ofs tf uo`tm nog tf hnvm n g`slfursm
g`slfursm tf mnlh fthmr
scffthby.

>9
 ]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

[`sm fd ont`fon
ont`fonb`
b`sc
sc
>. Yh`b`
Yh` b`pp`om
pp`omss fpmomg tf wfrbg lfccmrlm
lfccmrlm “ Cn`b smrv`lms, knoa`
knoa`oe
oe
dnl`b`t`m
dnl`b` t`ms,
s, nog omwspnpmrs kme`o
kme` o tf surdnlm
surdnlm nog tf sprmng.
sprmng. Whm
\umz Lnonb wns fpmom
fpmomg
g, cna`oe thm t`cm
t` cm trnvmb
trnvmbmg
mg drfc Murfpm
Murfpm tf
Ns`n culh shfrtmr.
shfrtmr.
;. Whm r`sm fd n c`ggbm lbnss fr `b
`bustrn
ustrngf
gf prmlmgm
prmlmgmgg n gmvm
gmvmbfpcmo
bfpcmott `o
ner`lub
ner`lubturm
turm nog
nog `o motrmprmomursh`p.
motrmprmom ursh`p.
<. Murfp
urfpmno
mno b`kmrnb`s
b`kmrnb`sc
c lnc
lncm m tf thm
thm Yh`b`pp
Yh`b`pp`oms:
`oms:
n. Jfho Bflam
Bflam “ @o h`s Wwf Wrmnt`sms
Wrmnt`sms fo Efvmrocmot (>8
(>840
40),
), `d n
a`oe g`g oft mxmrl
mx mrl`sm
`sm justby h`s pfwmrs
pfwmrs nog pfwmrs,
pfwmrs, h`s
sukjmlts hng thm r`eht tf thrfw
thrfw h`c fut fd pfs`t`fo.
p fs`t`fo.
k. Jmno Jnlqums
Jnlqums [fssmnu
[fssmnu “ @o h`s Whm \fl`nb Lfotrnlt (>5
(>54;
4;),
), `d n
efvmrocmot
efvmrocmot gfmso‐t snt`sdy
snt`sdy thm ommgs fd `ts pmfpbm,
pmfpbm , thmo thm
pmfpbm
pmfpb m lno nbtm
nbtmrr thm
thm efvm
efvmrocmot
rocmot tf thm typm fd efvmrocmot
thmy gmmcmg tf km r`ehtby mstn
m stnkb`shmg.
kb`shmg.
• Wh`s wns whmo thm Nem fd Mob`ehtmocmot
Mob` ehtmocmot nog Drmolh
Drmolh
[mvfbut`fo
[mvfbut` fo hnppmom
hnppmomgg `o Murfpm.
Murfpm.
7. [nl`nb
[nl`nb g`slr
g` slr`c`
`c`ont`fo
ont`fo “ ‒Whm
‒Whm \pno`nrgs w`bb
w`b b nbwnys
nb wnys km n \pno`nrg,
nog thm
thm `og`f
` og`f w`bb
w`b b nbwnys km no `og`f…
`og` f… Whm cfoamy w`bb nbwnys km
n cfoamy,
cfoamy, hfwmvm
h fwmvmrr yfu grmss h`c w`th sh`rt
sh` rt nog trfusmrs,
trfusmrs, nog w`bb
nbwnys km n cfoamy nog oft hucno.– “ Dr. Dr. C`eumb Bul`f
Bul`f y
Kustncnotm, \` Wnognoe Kns`f Cnluont (Cno` (Cno`bn,bn, >8
>88=
8=).
).
=. \mlubnr`znt`fo Cfvmcmo
Cfvmcmott “ \mlubnr`znt`fo, n trnosdm
trnosdmrr fd c`o`str
c`o` str`m
`mss
mstnkb`shmg
mstnkb` shmg ky thm rmeubnr
rmeub nr lbm
lbmrey
rey tf
tf thm smlubnrs, kmlncm n

pfb` t`lnb nog smpnrnt`st

pfb`t`lnb smpnrnt`st cfvmcmot1
cfvmcm ot1 th`s pnvmg thm wny dfr thm
D`b`p`o`znt`fo
D`b` p`o`znt`fo fd thm lh
lhurl
urlh.
h. Whm \pno`sh omvmr trustmg
trustmg thm D`b`p`of
D`b` p`of
dr`nrs tf
tf hmng thm`r fwo c`o`str
c`o`s tr`m
`ms.
s.
4. Lnrbfs Cnr`n gmbn Wfrrm‐s ngc`o`strnt`fo “ Hm wframg dfr lhnoe`oe
thm puo`shcmot fd dbfee`oe D`b`p`of
D`b`p` of pr`sfomrs
pr`sfomrs tf
tf n cfoth
cfoth `o jn`b,
jn`b ,
prflbn`
prflbn`cmg
cmg drmmgfc
drmm gfc fd spmmlh, nog mvmo nttmog`oe n cmmt`oe
cmm t`oe fd n
rmkmb bmngmr, Lns`c`rf Lncmr`of.
5. Lnv`tm Cut`oy
Cut`oy “ Efv-Emo.
Efv-Emo. [ndnmb gm @zqu`mrgf,
@zqu`m rgf, whf dfbbfwmg
dfbb fwmg ndtmr
gmbn
gmb n Wfrr
Wfrrm,
m, nkfb
nkfb`shm
`shmg
g h`s prmgmlmssfr‐s
prmgm lmssfr‐s lhnoems.
lhnoems. \et. Bncngr
Bncngr`g `g bmg
b mg
th`s lfoqumst
lfoqumst nog mvmotunbby a`bbmg
a`b bmg thm efvmrofr-emomr
efvmrofr-emomrnb.nb. Whm
upr`s`oe wns kbncmg tf thrmm
thrmm pr`msts.
pr`m sts.

>>
 ]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

8. Mxmlut`fo fd EfcKurZn
fcKurZn “ Drnol
Drnol`slf
`slf Znbgun w`tomssm
w` tomssmgg nen`ost thm
thrmm cnrtyrs
cnrtyrs - Jfsm
Jfs m Kurefs, Cnr`nof
Cnr`nof Efcmz, Jnl`otf Zncfrn. Whm` Whm`rr
mxmlut`fo
mx mlut`fo wns thm \pno`nrg‐s noswmr tf thm smlubnr
smlub nr`znt`fo
`znt`fo prftmst.
D`b`p`ofs
D`b` p`ofs g`g oft rml
rmlm`
m`vm
vm th`s vmry wmbb.

Yrfpnenogn Cfvmcmot
Yrfpnenogn Cfvmcmo t
Fkjmlt`vms fd thm pr
prfp
fpnen
nenog
og`s
`sts:
ts:
>. Mxmrl`sm mqunb`ty dfr kfth \pno`sh nog D`b`p`ofs.
;. [mlfeo`zm drmmgfc fd spmmlh, prmss, nog nssfl`nt`fo
<. Noomx Yh`b`pp`oms ns n prfv`olm fd \pn`o.
7. Yrfv`gm rmprmsmotnt`fo fd thm Yh`b`pp`oms tf thm \pno`sh Lfurt.
=. Nbbfw smlubnr`znt`fo
s mlubnr`znt`fo..

Ermnt rmdfrc`sts:
E[NL@N
E[NL@NOF
OF BFYMZ JNMON
Kfro: Gmlmckmr
Gmlmckm r >5, >8
>8=
=41 Jnrf, @b
@bf`
f`bf
bf
Aofwo ns: Ermnt
Ermnt Frntfr
Ymooncm: G`mef Bnurn
Bnurn
Ufra:
>. Drny Kftfg “ gmnbs w`th
w` th thm nkusms nog lr`cms lfcc`ttmg ky n
dr`nr oncmg Kftfg.
Hm kmlncm
kmlncm thm d`
d`rst
rst mg`tfr fd Bn
Bn \fb`gnr`gng, wh`lh
wh` lh `s thm
cfuthp`mlm
cfut hp`mlm fd thm D`b`p`of
D`b `p`of prfpn
prfpnen
enog`sts
og`sts `o \pn`o.
G`mg:
G`m g: Jnounry ;9,
;9, >804
8041 Knrl
Knrlmb
mbfon,
fon, \pn`o1 g`mg
g`m g fd tukmrl
tukm rlub
ubfs`
fs`s1
s1

foby
fob y <0 y/f
Oftm: H`s rmcn`os
rmcn`os `s st`bb `o
` o Knr
Knrlmbfon,
lmbfon, \pn`o.
\pn`o.
JF\M [@ZNB
Kfro: Juom
Juo m >0,
>0, >84>
>84>11 Lnbnckn,
Lnb nckn, Bneuon
Bneuon
Aofwo ns: Er
Ermntm
mntmst
st cno thnt thm Cnbny
Cnbny rnlm
rnlm prfgulmg
Ymooncms: Bnfoe
Bnfoe Bnno,
Bnno, G`cnsnbnoe
G`cnsnbnoe
Ufras (ncfoe fthmrs):
>. Ofb` Cm Wnoemrm “ n sfl`f-
sfl`f-h`stfr`lnb
h`stfr`lnb ofvmb fo thm s`tunt`fo fd thm
Yh`b`pp`oms
Yh`b`pp`oms uogmr
uo gmr dr`nrs‐ ermmg

>;
 ]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM
;. Mb D`b`kustmr`scf “ n pfb`t`
pfb`t`ln
lnbb ofvmb
ofvm b prmg`lt`oe
prmg `lt`oe thm lfc`oe fd n
rmvfbut`fo1 `o th`s wfra, hm `cpb`m
` cpb`mgg thnt
thnt n pmnl
pmnlmd
mdub
ub rmvfbut`fo w`bb
w`b b
wfra rnthmr thno no nrcmg fom
<. Cnanc`sn “ thm th`rg kut uod`o`
uod`o`shmg
shmg ofvmb1
ofvm b1 wr`ttmo
wr` ttmo `o Wnen
Wnenbfe1
bfe1 hns
foby fom lhnptmr
lhnptmr nog tmo pnems
pnems ``o
o `t
G`m g: Gmlmckmr
G`mg: Gmlmckm r <<9
9, >8
>804
0411 Kneuckn
Kneucknyno,
yno, Cno`b
Cno`bn1
n1 g`mg
g`m g ky mxm
m xmlut`fo
lut`fo fd
d`r`oe
d` r`oe squng1 foby <= y/f
CN[LMBF H. GMB Y@BN[
Y@BN [
Kfro: Nueust <9, >8=91 Kubnlno, Kubnlno
Aofwo ns: Dnthmr
Dnthmr fd Yh`b`pp`om
Yh`b `pp`om Jfuronb`sc
Jfuronb`sc (thm jfuron
jfuronb`st
b`st ncfoe thm
thm
thrmm
thrmm),
), Dnthmr
Dnthmr fd Yh`b`pp`om
Yh`b `pp`om Cnsfory,
nsfory, pfb`t`lnb nonbyst
Ymooncms: Ybnr`gmb, Gfbfrms Cnognpnt, Y`p`oe G`bnt, \`b`oe Bnkuyf,
Aupnoe
Ufras:
>. G`nr`foe Wnenbfe “ n ont
G`nr`foe ont`fonb
`fonb`st`
`st`ll omwspnpmr
;. Gnsnb no nt Wfasfhno “ pnrfgy
Gnsnbno pnrfgy fd thm prnymr kffa
<. Wmo
Wmo Lfcc
Lfccnog cmots fd thm Dr`nrs “ H`s
nogcmots H`s lfcmg`
lfcmg`ll vmrs`fo fd
f d >9
Lfccnogcmots
Hm kmlncm thm smlfog
sm lfog mg`tfr
mg` tfr fd Bn
Bn \fb`gnr`gng.
G`mg:
G`m g: Juby 7, >804
>80411 Knr
Knrlmbfon,
lmbfon, \pn`o1
\pn` o1 g`mg
g`m g fd tukmrl
tukm rlubfs`
ubfs`s1
s1 foby 7= y/f

Dn`burm fd [mdfrc Cfvmcmot

>. Yh`b`pp`oms
Yh`b` pp`oms `s
` s prmfll
prmfllup`mg
up`mg `o
` o gmnb`oe w`th `ts fwo `otmronb
`otmronb
prfkbmcs.

;. Whmrm wns n bnla

bnla fd nog g`dd`lubty
g`dd` lubty `o lfbbmlt`oe
lfbbm lt`oe cfomtnry
lfotr`kut`fos.
<. Yrfpn
Yrfpnen
enog`st
og`stss wmrm hnv`oe
hnv`oe `ssums w`th
w`th fthmr
fthmr prfpn
prfpnen
enog`st
og`sts.
s.
Bn B`en
B`en D`b`p`on
D`b` p`on
• L`v`ll freno`znt`fo
L`v` freno`znt`fo lrmntmg ky [`znb `o
` o Wfogf, Cno`bn
Cno`bn
Fkjmlt`vms:
>. Wf uphfbg uo`ty nog lffpmrnt`fo
lffpmrnt`fo ncfoest `ts cmckmrs
cmckm rs
;. Wf gmvmbfp
gmvm bfp thm ner`lubturm,
ner`lubturm, lfccmrlm,
lfccmrlm, nog mgulnt`fo
mgulnt`fo smltfr
sm ltfrss
<. Wf ngc`o`s
ngc`o`stmr
tmr rmdfrcs w`th`o thm efvmrocmot
efvm rocmot nog thm sfl`mty
•
Bn B`en
B`en g`go‐t
g` go‐t bnst bfoe ns thm freno`znt`fo
freno`znt`fo wns
w ns pmrlm`vmg
pmrlm`v mg ns n thrmnt
ky thm \pno`nr
\pno` nrgs1
gs1 [`znb wns lnpturmg
lnpturmg nog mx`b
mx `bmg
mg tf Gnp`tno,
Znckfnoen.
Znckfn oen. Wh`s
Wh`s cnramg thm mog fd thm prfpnenogn cfvmcmot.
cfvm cmot.
><
 ]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

Ant`puono (Antn
( Antnnstnnsn
nstnnsno
o Anenbnoe-enbnoe on
o n Ant`puono onoe cnoen
Nona onoe Knyno)
Fkjmlt`vms:
>. Yfb`t`lnb “ smpnrn
smpnrnt`fo
t`fo fd Yh`b`pp`om
Yh`b `pp`omss drfc \pn`o
\pn`o
;. Cfrnb “ tmnlh`oe fd effg cnoomrs
cnoom rs nog cfrnbs
cfrnbs
<. L`v`l “ gmvmbfp`
gmvmbfp`oe
oe n smosm fd smbd-hmbp
smbd -hmbp nog gmdmosm fd thm
fpprmssmg
\trulturm:
>. Antn
Antnns-tnnsnoe
ns-tnnsnoe \noeeuo`no - h`ehmst efvmro`oe kfgy
;. \noeeuo`noe Knyno - prfv`ol`nb kfgy
<. \noeeuo`noe Knbnoeny
Knbnoeny - cuo`l`pnb kfgy
7. \noeeuo`noe Ynoehuaucno - smrvms ns thm jug`l`nb kfgy
Cmckmrsh`p:
>. Ant`pfo
Ynsswfrg: Nona oe Knyno

;. C nramr: Kbnla
Anwnb
Kb nla hffg

Ynssfwrg: Efckurzn
Cnramr: Ermmo hffg
<. Knyno`
Ynsswfrg: [`znb
Cnramr: [mg cnsa
• Anrt`bb
Anrt`bbnn - thm K`kbm
K`kb m fd thm Ant`puono
Ant`puono
• >80<
80< “ Pmnr
Pmnr whmo
whm o AAA stnrtmg nllmpt`oe
nllmpt` oe wfcm
wfcmoo nppb`lnots
nppb `lnots
•
Wmfgfrf Ynt`of “ thrfueh
Wmfgfrf thrfueh h`c, thm smlr
sm lrmt
mt sfl`mty
sfl`m ty wns rmvmnbmg
rmvmnb mg tf
Cnr`nof E`b
• Lry fd Yuengbnw`o - thm kme`oo`oe fd Yh`b`
Lry Yh` b`pp`om
pp`om [mvfbut`fo nen`ost
thm \pno`
\ pno`sh1
sh1 Nueust
N ueust ;<,
;<, >804
>804
NOG[M\
NOG[M\ KFO@DNL@F
KFO@DNL @F
Kfro: Ofvm
Ofv m ckmr
ckm r <9,
<9, >84<
>84<
Ymooncms: Nenp`tf Kneucknyno, Cny Yne-nsn
Nbsf
Nb sf aofwo ns: \uprmcf,
\uprmcf, Whm Ermnt
Ermnt Ybmkm`no
Ybmkm `no
Ufras:
>. Wr
Wrnosbntmg
nosbntmg C` ]bt`cf Ng`fs
Ng` fs `otf
` otf Wnenbfe
Wnenbfe
;. Gm
Gmanbfef
anbfef oe Ant`puono

>7
 ]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

MC@B@F JNL@OWF
Kfro: Gmlmck
Gm lmckmr
mr >=, >85=
>85=
Ymooncms: Y`oea`no, G`cns-@bnw
Nbsf
Nb sf aofwo ns: Krn`os
Krn`os fd thm Ant`puono
Lfotr`kut`fos:
• smrvmg ns thm mg`tfr
mg` tfr fd Anbnynno, thm
thm fdd`l`nb
fdd `l`nb omwspnpmr
om wspnpmr fd AAA
• Cfo`ln “ d`
d`rst
rst w`dm fd Kfo`dnl`f
• Ermefr`n gm Jmsus “ smlfog w`dm fd Kfo`dnl`f
• Kfo`dn
o`dnll`f wnotmg tf smma thm ngv`v`llm fd [`zn
`znb tfwnrgs thm dfr
dfrcmr‐s
mr‐s
rmvf
mvfbut
but`fo
`fo, thrfueh Gr. Y`f
Y`f Tnbm
Tnbmoozumbn
mbn. Kut [`zn
`znb fppfsmg tf th`s
kmlnusm hm v`mwm
v` mwmg
g thnt thm lfuotry
lfuotry `s oft ymt rmngy dfr `t.

>804 [mvfbut`fo nog thm dfbbfw`oe ymnrs

• Wh`rtmmo
Wh`rtmm o Cnrtyr
Cnrtyrss fd Lnv`tm - wmrm D`b`p`of
D`b `p`of pntr`fts
pntr`fts `o Lnv`tm whf
wmrm mxmlutmg
mx mlutmg (nog ns n rmspfosm tf thm rmvfbut`fo)
• Lnc`bf
Lnc`b f gm Yfbnv`mjn
Yfbnv`m jn “ thm efvmrofr-emomrn
efvmrofr-emomrnbb `o fdd`lm
fdd `lm whmo [`znb
[`znb
wns mxmlu
mxm lutmg
tmg
•
Wmjmrfs Lfovmot`fo - thm cmmt`oe
cmmt` oe hmbg kmtwmmo thm Cne
Cneg`wnoe
g`wnoe
nog Cnegnbf
Cnegnbf dnlt`fos
dnlt` fos fd thm Ant`puono
Ant`p uono nt \no Drnol`slf
Drnol`slf gm Cnbnkfo

• Gno`mbb W`rfon
Gno`m W` rfon “ qumst`fomg thm lrmg`k`
lrmg`k`b`
b`ty
ty fd Kfo`dnl`f
Kfo`dnl`f ns thm
G`rmltfr fd thm @otmr`fr
• Nenp`tf Kfozfo “ bmg
bm g thm nrrmst
nrrmst fd Kfo`dnl`f
• Yr`cf gm [`vmrn “ thm efvmrofr-emo
efvm rofr-emomrnb
mrnb `o
` o fdd`lm
fdd` lm whmo thm \pno`s
\p no`sh
h

smnrlhmg dfr
smnrlhmg d fr Neu`onbgf
• K`na-O
K`na -On-Kn
n-Kntftf [mpukb`l
[mpukb` l - thm d`rst rmpukb`
rmpukb`ll mvmr gmlbnr
gmlbnrmg
mg ``o
o thm
Yh`b`pp`oms
• K`na-On- Kntf Ynlt
K`na-On-Kntf Ynlt - g`sm
g`smstn
stnkb`
kb`shmg
shmg thm efvmrocmot1
efvmrocmot1 s`eomg ky
Neu`onbgf nog
nog gm [`vmrn wh`lh `ol `olbugmg
bugmg prfv`s`fo dfr mx`bm
mx`b m fd
Neu`onbgf
Neu`onb gf nog amy nssfl`ntms tf Hfoe Afoe
• Cnbfbfs Lfoermss - wns thm lfost`tumo
lfost`tumott nssmckby fd thm D`rst
D`rst
Yh`b`pp`om [mpukb`l
[mpukb`l
• Ymgrf Yntmrof “ prms`gm
prms`gmot
ot fd thm Lfoermss
Lfoermss
• Cnbfbfs Lfost`tut`fo - thm kns`l bnw fd thm D`rst Yh`b
Yh`b`pp`om
`pp`om
[mpukb`l1 wr`ttmo
wr`ttmo ky Dmb`pm
Dmb `pm Lnbgmrfo
Lnbgmrfo nog Dmb`pm
Dmb` pm Kumolnc`of
Kumolnc`of

>=
 ]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

• Ermefr`f gmb Y`bnr

Y` bnr “ Hmrf fd W`rng
W`rng Ynss
• Jnounr`f Enbft - bbmg
mg ].\. trffps
trffps tf thm bflnt`fo dfr thm bnttmr
b nttmr tf
tf
gmdmnt
gmd mnt thm dfrlms
dfrlms fd Emo. Ermefr`f
Ermefr`f gmb Y`b
Y `bnr
nr
• Drmgmr`lh Duostfo “ bm
bmngmr
ngmr fd thm Ncmr`lno
Ncm r`lno dfrlms
dfrlms whf nrrmstmg
nrrmstmg
Neu`onbgf
• Ermefr`f Neb`pny
Neb` pny “ dfuogmg
dfuo gmg thm @eb
@ ebms`
ms`nn D`b
D`b`p
`p`on
`on @ogmpm
@ogm pmog`
og`motm
motm

NCM[@LNO YM[ Y M[@FG

@FG
• Umsbm
Um sbmy
y Cmrr`tt
Cmrr`tt “ thm d`rst
d` rst Ncmr`lno efvmrofr-emom
efvmrofr-emomrn
rnbb fd thm
lfuotry
• U`b b`nc ClA`obmy
U`bb`nc ClA`obmy “ ]
]\
\ prms`gmot
prms`gm ot whf rmlfccmogmg
rmlfccmogmg n Kmomvfbm
Kmomv fbmot
ot
Nss`c`bnt`fo
• Kmomvfbmot Nss`c`bnt`fo “ "duturm lfotrf
lfotrfb,
b, g`spfs`
g `spfs`t`fo,
t`fo, nog
efvmrocmot
efvmrocmot fd thm Yh`b`pp`om
Yh`b `pp`om `sbnog
`sb nogss wmrm lmgmg tf thm ]o`tmg
\tntms"
• Mbwmbb Ft`s “ thm Efvmrofr-Emomrnb
Efvmrofr-Emomrnb whf rmlm`vmg
rmlm` vmg thm frgmrs dfr n
Kmomvfbmot Nss`c`bnt`fo
• \lhurcno Lfcc`ss`fo - tf stugy
stugy thm s`tunt`fo
s`tunt`fo `o thm Yh`b`pp`oms
Yh`b `pp`oms
nog cnam rmlfccmognt`fos fo hfw thm ].\ shfubg prflmm
prflmmg g
• Lffpm r Nlt fd >09;
Lffpmr >09; - prf
prfv`gmg
v`gmg n K`bb fd [`ehts dfr thm D`b`p`ofs1
D`b `p`ofs1
lrmntmg
lrmntmg n bfwmr bme`sbnt`vm
bm e`sbnt`vm krnol
krnolhh w`th mbmltmg
m bmltmg D`b`p`of
D`b `p`of
rmprmsmotnt`vms ns bme`sbntfrs
• Ynyom-Nbgr`lh Wnr`d
Wnr`ddd Nlt “ ]
]\
\ `cpfrtmg
`cp frtmg effgs hnvm of quftn nog of
tnr`d
tnr`dd1
d1 YH mxpfrtmg
mx pfrtmg effgs hnvm
hnvm of tnr`d
tnr`ddd kut hns n quftn
•
\`ccfos-]ogmrwffg Wnr`dd
Wnr`dd Nlt “ B`dtmg thm quftn fd YH mxpfrt
mxp frtmg
mg
effgs
• Drnol`s Kurtfo Hnrr`sfo “ thm Ncmr`lno efvmrofr
efvmrofr-emom
-emomrn
rnbb `o
` o fdd`lm
whmo thm Yh`b`
Y h`b`pp`o`znt`fo
pp`o`znt`fo cfvmcmot stnrt
stnrtmg
mg
• Jfoms Bnw/Yh
Bnw/Yh`b`
`b`pp`om
pp`om Nutfofcy
Nutfofcy Nlt “ lhn lhnoemg
oemg thm Yh`b`pp`om
Yh`b` pp`om
Bme`sbnturm
Bme`sbnturm `otf thm Yh`b`pp`oms'
Yh`b` pp`oms' d`rst dubby mbm
m bmlt
ltmg
mg kfgy
• Uffg-Dfrkms C`ss`fo - dnlt
Uffg-Dfrkms dnlt-d`
-d`og`oe
og`oe lfcc`ss`fo smot tf thm
Yh`b`pp`
Yh`b `pp`oms
oms ky ].\. prms`gmot
prms`gm ot Unrr
Unrrmomo Hnrg`oe,
Hnrg`oe, wh`lh
wh` lh lfolbugmg
lfolbugmg
thnt D`b`p`
D`b `p`ofs
ofs wmrm oft ymt rmngy dfr `ogm
`ogmpmogm
pmogmolm
olm drfc thm
]o`tm
o`tmg g \tntms.

>4
 ]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

• Hnrm-Hnwms-Lutt`oe Nlt - thm d`rst

d `rst ]\ bnw pnssmg smtt`oe n prflmss
prflmss
nog n gntm
gntm dfr thm Yh`b`pp`oms
Yh`b `pp`oms tf en`o
en`o `ogmpmogmolm
` ogmpmogmolm
• Wyg`oes-ClGudd`m Bnw
Wyg`oes-ClGudd`m Bnw - uogm
uogmrr thm nlt, thm >0<=
>0<= Lfost`
Lfost`tut`f
tut`foo fd thm
Yh`b`pp`oms
Yh`b` pp`oms wns
w ns wr`ttmo1
wr`ttmo1 mstnkb`shmg thm Lfccfowmnbth
Lfccfowmnbth fd thm
Yh`b`pp`oms,
Yh`b` pp`oms, w`th thm d`rst
d` rst g`rmltby
g`rmltby mbmltmg
mb mltmg Yrms`gm
Yrms`gmot
ot fd thm
Yh`b`pp`oms
• >0<5 “ ymnr whmo D`b`p`ons
D`b `p`ons nr
nrm
m nbbfwmg tf mxmrl
mx mrl`sm
`sm thm`r r`eht tf
tf
suddrnem
• Lnrcmo
Lnrc mo Ybnons
Yb nons “ d`
d`rst
rst mbmlt
mbm ltmg
mg wfcno tf thm Cno`b
Cno`bnn L`ty Lfuol`b
Lfuol`b
• Mb`sn
Mb`s n [. Flhfn “ d`
d`rst
rst mb
mbmltmg
mltmg wfcno tf thm Lfoermss

JNYNOM\M FLL]YNW@FO
• Gmlmckm
Gmlm ckmrr 5, >07>
>07> “ Jnpno
Jnpnomsm
msm kfckmg
kfckmg Lbnr
Lb nra
a N`r
N` r Knsm
Knsm D`mbg
D`mb g
• Gmlmckm
Gmlm ckmrr 0, >07>
>07> “ Jnpnomsm kfckmg Cno`b
Cno`bnn
• Gmlmckmr >9, >07> “ Jnpnomsm sfbg`m
sfb g`mrs
rs nrr`vmg
nrr`vmg nt Kntnoms
Kntnoms nog
Ofrthmro Buzfo
•
Gmlm ckmrr ;4,
Gmlmckm ;4, >07>
>07> “ Gfuebns CnlNrthur
CnlNrthur cngm Cno`bn no FpmoFpm o L`ty
L` ty
• Emo.
Em o. Mgwnr
Mgwnrgg Y. A`oe surrmogm
surrmogmrmg
rmg `o kmhnbd fd ]\ dfrl
dfrlms
ms tf Lfbfomb
Lfb fomb
Onanyncn “ thm dnbb
d nbb fd Kntnno
Kntnno
• Npr`b 0, >07; “ stnrt fd Gmnth Cnrlh
• ]\ dfrlms surrmogmrmg
s urrmogmrmg tf Emom
E momrn
rnbb Cnsnhnru Hfccn
Hfccn “ thm dnbb fd
Lfrrme`gfr
• ANB@KNY@
ANB@KNY@ “ thm foby pfb`t`lnb
pfb`t`lnb pnrty
pnrty nbbfwmg
• Yrmpnrntfry
Yrmpnrntfr y Lfcc`ss`fo dfr Yh`b`pp`om
Yh`b` pp`om @ogmpmogmolm
@ogmpm ogmolm “ `ts
prms`gmot
prms`gm ot `s Jfsm Y.
Y . Bnurmb,
Bnurmb, whfsm
whfs m tnsa `s tf grndt
grndt n omw
lfost`tut`fo

• >07< Lfost`tut`fo
• Of v`lm prms`gmot
• Whm prms`gmot
prms`gm ot `s cfrm pfwmrdub thno thm Lfur
Lfurtt nog thm
thm uo`ln
uo` lncmrnb
cmrnb
bme`sbnt
bme`sb nt`vm
`vm kfgy.
• Whm Ont`fonb Nssmckby `s uo`lncmrnb.
• K`bb fd [`ehts `s smt ns`gm.

• H]AKNBNHNY “ dfuogmg
dfuo gmg ky Bu`s Wnrul,
Wnrul, Jmsus
Jms us Bnvn,
Bnvn, nog Jfsm Knonb
• CNANY@B@ “ n c`b`tnr
c`b` tnry
y erfup tf
tf e`vm n`g
n` g tf thm @cpmr`nb Jnpnomsm
Nrcy1 freno`sm
freno`smgg ky Kmo`eof
Kmo` eof [ncfs
[ncfs nog Nrtmc`f
Nrtmc` f [`lnr
[`lnrtm
tm

>5
 ]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

N\@NO H@\WF[P

>8
 ]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM
N\@N
N\@NO
O H@\WF
H@\WF[P
[P

@. Ns`n: @ts emfern

em fernphy
phy nog l`v`b`znt`fo
l`v`b` znt`fo
Oftnkb m Bnogdfrcs Oftnkb m Untm rdfrcs
Ync`r (\futh Ns`n)
Ns` n) “ aofwo ns Hunoe Hm
Hm [`vmr
[` vmr “ aofwo ns Lh`on‐s
[ffd fd thm Ufrbg
Ufrbg \frrfw

H`cnbnyn “ bfoemst cfuotn`o Lnsp`no \mn “ wfrbg‐s bnre

b nremst
mst
rnoem
rnoem `o Ns`n
Ns` n bnam/`obno
bnam/`ob nog
g smn
Ct. Mvmrmst (Ompnb,
(Om pnb, W`km
W`kmt)
t) “
wfrbg‐s h`ehmst
h`ehm st cfuotn
cfuotn`o1
`o1 nbsf Bnam
Bnam Kn`anb “ wfrbg‐s
wfrbg‐s gmmpm
gm mpmst
st bnam
aofwo ns Hfusm fd \ofw
Gmng \mn “ kfgy fd wntmr w`th
W`kmt “ wfrbg‐s h`ehmst
h`ehm st pbntmnu bfwmst mbmvnt`fo
mb mvnt`fo drfc
drfc smn bmvmb nog
w`th h`ehmst bmvmb
bm vmb fd snb`o`ty
@ogfoms`n
@ogfoms` n “ wfrbg‐s bnre
b nremst
mst
Pnoetzm
Pnoetzm [`vmr
[`vm r “ bfoems
bfoemstt r`vmr `o Ns`n
Ns` n
nrlh`pmbnef
Umst Ns` n Mnst Ns` n

\nug` Nrnk`n hns thm wfrbg‐s

Lh`on `s nbsf aofwo ns Zhfo
Zhfoeeu f,
eeuf
bnremst
bnremst f`b rmsmrvms, nog `s thm
cmno`oe C`ggbm A`oegfc.
wfrbg‐s bnre
b nremst
mst f`b prfgulmr.
prfgulmr.

Fcno `s aofwo ns thm Eunrg`no fd

Hfoe Afoe cmnos drne
drnernot hnrkf r .
rnot hnrkfr
thm (Ymrs`no) Eubd .

Wuramy
Wuramy `s n trnoslfo
trnoslfot`om
t`omotnb
otnb Cnlnu
nlnu `s thm d`rst
d `rst Murfpmno
Murfpmno lfbfoy `o
lfuotry, thm kr`gem
lfuotry, kr`gem kmtwmm
km twmmoo
Mnstt Ns`n1
Mns Ns` n1 foby mstnkb`shmg
mstnkb` shmg `o >085.
Murfpm
Murfpm nog Ns`n.
Ns` n.

Bmknofo `s rmdmrr
rmdm rrmg
mg tf ns Bnog fd Wn`wno `s dfrcmrby aofwo ns
thm Lmgnrs . Dfrcfsn .

Knhrn`o, `o Nrnk`l, cmnos twf

Knhrn`o, Whm Jnpnomsm lnbb thm`r
thm` r lfuotry
lfuotry
smns . O`ppfo , wh`lh
wh` lh cmnos
cmnos suo fr`e`o.
Efk`
Efk` Gmsmrt,
Gmsm rt, wh`lh `s s`tuntmg `o
]NM `s thm rmsubt fd thm uo`tmg
smvmo
smvm o trul`nb
trul`nb stntms `o thm nrmn. Cfoefb`n, `s
` s thm wfrbg‐s lfbgm
lfbgmst
st
gmsmrt.
Cfoefb`n smrvms ns n kudd
kuddmr
mr stntm
kmtwmmo
kmtwm mo [uss`n nog Lh`on. >0
>0
 ]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

\futh Ns` n Lmotrnb Ns` n

Whm @og`no suklfot`omot hns thrmm
Ct. Nrnrnt
Nrnrnt (Nrcmo`n)
(N rcmo`n) “ whmrm Ofnh‐s
O fnh‐s
cnjfr r`vm
r`vmrs:
rs: @ogus, Enoems, nog
nra
nra lncm tf rmst ndtmr thm dbffg
d bffg
Krnhcnputrn.
Yuojnk (Yna`stno) cmnos d`vm Anznahstno “ wfrbg‐s bnremst
r`vmrs . bnogbflamg lfuotry
lfuotry

\r` Bnoan
Bnoan `s dfrcmrby
d frcmrby aofwo ns Ayreyzstno cmnos Bnog fd thm Dfrty
Lmybfo . Wr`kms .

\futhmnst Ns`n
Jnvn `s thm cfst pfpubfus `sbnog `o @ogfoms`n.
@ogfoms` n.
Kruom`
Kruom` “ rnoamg
rnoamg th`rg `o wfrbg‐s lfuotr`m
lfuotr`mss w`th k`eemst
k`eem st f`b rmsm
rmsmrvms
rvms
Whn`b
Whn`bnog
nog cmnos Bnog fd thm Drmm .
W`cfr,, `o
W`cfr ` o W`cfr-Bmstm
W`cfr-Bmstm,, cmnos mnst.
m nst.
Lfrnbb Wr`noebm `s lfos`gmrmg
Lfrn lfos`gm rmg ns thm r`lhmst pnrt fd
fd thm smns.
s mns.
\`oenpfrm `s aofwo ns thm Lfcputmr Lfuotry
Lfuotry fd Ns`n.
Ns` n.
Cynocnr `s aofwo
aofw o ns thm Bnog fd thm Efbgmo
Efbgmo Ynef gns .
Ynefgns
Lnckfg`n `s dfrcmrby aofwo ns Ancpulhmn.
Ancpulhmn.
\fcm mov`rfoc
m ov`rfocmotnb
motnb lfolmpts:
lfolmpts:
Gmsmrt`d` lnt`fo
Gmsmrt`d`ln t`fo “ gmerngnt
gmerngnt`fo
`fo fd thm sf`b fd `ts outr`mots
outr`m ots tf suppfrt
suppfrt pbnot
nog no`cnb
no`cnb b`dm
b` dm

Mlfbfe`lnb dfftpr
Mlfbfe`lnb d fftpr`ot
`ot “ s`cpby
s`cpb y put, thm ncfuot fd onturm ommgmg
ommgm g tf
suppfrt hucno b`dm
b`d m

@@. Ns`no @gmot`ty

Mvfbut`fo fd Cno

>. Gryfp`thmlus “ n pfss`kbm npm-dfrc nolmstfr fd prmsmot hucnos

kmlnusm
kmlnu sm fd thm rmsmckbnolm
rmsm ckbnolm fd `ts tmmth w`th
w` th furs
furs

;. [ncnp`thmlus
[ncnp`thmlus “ n cfrm
cfrm gmvm
gmvmbfpm
bfpmg
g npm-dfrc
npm-d frc nolmstfr
nolmstfr dfuog `o \`wnb`a
\`w nb`a

H`bb s, @og`n1
H`bbs, @og` n1 nppmnrmg
nppmnrmg nrfuog
nrfuog >7
>7 c`bb`
c`b b`fo
fo ymnrs nef
<. Nustrnbfp`thmlus ndr`lnous “ d`rst fd thm npm-dfrc nolmstfrs tf km
lfos`gm
lfo s`gmrmg
rmg n hfc`o`g1 s`zm fd krn`o `s sncm w`th
w` th cfgmro hucnos
hucnos
;9
 ]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

7. Hfcf hnk`b`s
hnk`b `s “ lnbbm
lnbbmgg ns ‒Cno
‒Cno fd sa`bb
sa` bb–– fr ‒Hn
‒Hnogy
ogy Cno–
Cno– s`olm thmy usmg
stfoms (drfc lffbm
lffbmg g bnvn) dfr nlt`v`
nlt`v`t`m
t`ms,
s, b`am
b` am tf lut cmnt
=. Hfcf mrmltus “ lnbbmg ns ‒]pr`eht Cno–1 nppmnrmg nrfuog =99 999 ymnrs
nef
4. Hfcf snp`m
snp`mos
os “ s`zm fd thm saubb `s sncm tf cfgmro hucnos1
hucnos1 nppmnrmg
nrfuog ;=9 999 ymnrs nef

5. Omnogmrthn
Om nogmrthnbb “ prfknkby
prfknkby nppmnrmg gur`oe thm @lm Nem `o Murfpm nrfuog
59 999
999 ymnrs
ym nrs nef
ne f

8. Hfcf snp`mos snp`mos

snp` mos “ th
thm
m dubby
dub by gmvmb
gm vmbfpmg
fpmg hfcf snp`m
snp`mos
os whf
nppmnrmg nrfuog <= 999 ymnrs nef

Ynb mfb ` th` l Ym r` fg Omfb ` th` l Ymr` fg

- Hucnos
Hucnos b`vmg
b` vmg `o pmrcn
pm rcnomot
omot
- Hucnos
Hucnos b`vmg
b` vmg n ofcng`l b`dm1
lfostrult`fos
lfostr ult`fos nog `o` o erfups, nog
b`v`oe
b` v`oe fdd huot`oe nog enthmr
enthmr`oe
`oe
bmnr
bm nromg
omg tf shnrpmo nog tf tf cnam usm fd
dffg, sulh ns dru`ts.
tffbs.
- G`ddmrmol
G`ddm rmolms
ms fd pnbmfb`th`l
pnbmfb` th`l c
cmo
mo
- No`c`sc nog hnog`lrndt
hnog`lrndt gmvmb
gmvmbfpmg.
fpmg.
w`th fthmr no`cnbs:

>. hnv`oe no upr`eht pfsturm thnt

monkbmss h`c tf usm h`s hnogs tf - Gfcmst`lnt`fo fd no`cnbs stnrtmg.
monkbm stnrtmg.
lrmntm
lrmntm nog ut`b`zm
ut`b` zm h`s tffbs
;. hnv`oe no nk`b`ty
nk`b `ty tf spmna
spm na nog - Hfcf snp`mos
snp`mos snp`mos
snp`m os `s thm foby
tf rmlm`
rmlm`vm
vm `odfrcnt`fo
` odfrcnt`fo drfc
drfc thm hucno spml`ms thnt b`vmg
b` vmg w`
w`th
th thm stnrt
stnrt
cmssnem fd th`s pmr`fg.

<. hnv`oe n s`eo`d`lnotby

s`eo`d `lnotby k`eemr - cfst `cpfrtnot g`slfvmry -
krn`o
krn `o s`zm
s` zm ner`lubturm

- cfst `cpfrtnot g`slfvmry “

lfotr
lfotrfbbm
fbbmgg usm fd d`rm

;>
 ]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

Yh`bfsfph`ms,
Yh`bfsfph`ms, kmb`mds,
kmb`m ds, lfolmpts
lfolmpts
H`ogu`sc
- Lnstm systmc
- Dfur lbnssms: Krnhc`o, Ashntr`-yn, Tn`shyn,
T n`shyn, \ugrn
- Anrcn nog rm`
rm`olnron
olnront`fo
t`fo
Kuggh`sc
- e`vms
e` vms `cpfrt
` cpfrtnol
nolm
m tf krfthmrhffg,
krfthmrhffg, pur`ty, nog huc`b`ty
huc`b `ty
- dfuogmg ky Nshfan
\`oflmotr`sc
- stntms thnt Lh`on
Lh`on ``ss `o nog `s thm lmotmr
lmotm r fd thm wfrbg.
Yrfpr`mty
- dflusms fo thm effg kmhnv`frs fr cfrnb`
cfrnb`ty
ty fd cno
Jugn`sc
- `otrfgulmg cfofthm`
cfofthm`sc
sc
G`v`om Fr`e`o

- rmlfeo`zms thm mcpmrfr ns n gmslmognot fd thm \uo Efggmss, cna`oe

cna` oe
thm dfrcmr thm
thm cfst pfwmrdub bm
bmngmr1
ngmr1 frg`onry l`t`zmos,
l`t`zm os, thmo, v`mw
v`m w
thmcsmbvms
thmcsmb vms ns thm supmr`fr rnlm.
rnlm.

Lhnrnltmr`st`ls fd nbb l`v`b`znt`fos:

>. systmcs dfr ngc`o`stmr`oe tmrr`tfr`ms

;. oftnkbm nrlh`tmlturm nog uo`qum nrt stybms
<. wr`ttmo bnoeunem
7. g`v`s`fo fd pmfpbm `otf sfl`nb lbnssms
=. bnrem pfpubnt`fo lmotmrs
4. lfcpbmx g`v`s`fo fd bnkfr

;;
 ]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

Whm W`er`s-Muphrntms L`v`b`znt`fo “ b`ms fo thm Dmrt`bm Lrmslmot, thm str`p fd

bnog kmtwmmo thm r`vmrs W`er`s nog Muphrntms1 thm whfbm nrmn fd thm r`vmr-
vnbbmy `s ofw n pnrt fd @rnq.

Naang`no
\nrefo
\nrefo @ “ d`rst ermnt
ermnt bm
bmngmr
ngmr fd \mc`tms
\mc` tms
Hm dfuogmg thm d`rst
d` rst mcp`rm.
mcp`rm.
Knkybfo`no
kmlncm aofwo uogm r thm rubm fd Hn
Hnccurn
ccurnk`
k`

Hnccurnk`‐s
Hnccurnk`‐s Lfgm “ n smt fd pfb`t`lnb,
pfb` t`lnb, l`v`b, nog mlfofc`l
m lfofc`l bnws

Cnrgua “ thm`r
thm` r lh`
lh`md
md efg
H`tt`tms
thm d`rst
d` rst tf usm `rfo tf thm`r wm npfos `o wnrdnrm
wnrdnrm

nbsf usmg
usm g hfrsms nog lhnr`fts
lhnr`fts
Nssyr`no
W`ebnthY`bmsm
W`ebnthY`b msmrr @ “ d`rst ermnt Nssyr`no rubm
rubmrr
Nssur “ Nssyr`no‐s lmotmr
Nshurons`rpnb @@ “ omxt ermnt Nssyr`no rubm
rubmr1
r1 uogmr
uogmr h`s rubm , Nssyr`n
rmnlhmg `ts pmna
O`omvmh
O`omvm h `ts
` ts lnp`tnb
lnp`tnb
Nshur “ thm`
thm`rr lh`m
lh`mdd efg

aofwo dfr
df r thm
thm cfst krutm nog dmrfl`fus rubm mod
modfrl
frlmcm
mcm ot

\ucmr`no
]r “ fb
fbgm
gmst
st l`tystntm
prnlt`lms
prnlt`lms pfbythm`
pfbythm`sc
sc
luom`dfrc
luom`d frc “ d`rst wr`t`oe systmc
z`eeurntt “ pyrnc`gb`a
z`eeurn pyrnc`gb`amm tmcpbm
tm cpbm
efvmromg ky lfolmpt fd thmflr
thm flrnly
nly
thm d`rst tf lrmntm
lrmntm krfozm nog whm
whmmb
mbss
usmg buonr
b uonr lnbm
lnbmognr
ognr
gmvmbfpm
gmvm bfpmg
g smxnems`cnb systmc (knsm 49)
49) ;<
 ]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

Lhnbgmno
Omkulhngomzzn
Om kulhngomzznrr “ thm`
thm`rr ermntmst
ermntmst rubmr
rubm r

Knkybfo`no Lnpt`v`ty
Lnpt`v` ty “ ]ogmr
]ogmr thm rubm fd Omkulhn
Om kulhngomzznr,
gomzznr, Lhnbgm
Lhnbgmnos
nos
`ovngmg
`ovngm g Jmrusnbmc, nog krfue
krfueht
ht thfusnogs fd Jmws tf Knkybfo`n ns
sbnvms.

Hnoe`oe
Hnoe`oe Enrgmos
Enrgmos “ fom fd thm \mvmo
\m vmo Ufogmrs fd thm Nol`mot
Nol`mo t Ufrbg
Ufrbg

Whmy nrm
nrm vmry
vm ry `otmrmstmg `o
` o nstr
nstrfofcy1
fofcy1 thmy wmrm o`laonc
o` laoncmg
mg ns
‒stnrenzmrs
‒stnrenzmrs fd Knkybfo–.
Knkyb fo–.

Whm zfg`nl lncm

lncm drfc thmc, ns thmy km kmb`
b`mvm
mvmgg thnt thm stnrs
stnrs nog
lfostmb
lfostmbbnt`fos
bnt`fos hnvm no mddmlt
mdd mlt fo cn
cno‐s
o‐s dntm.

Ymrs`no
Lyrus
Lyrus thm Ermnt
Ermnt “ thm`r
thm` r d`rst bmngmr1 nbb
nbbfwmg
fwmg g`ddm
g`d dmrmot
rmot rmb
rmb`e`
`e`fos
fos tf mx`st
mx `st
uogmr h`s rubm

Gnr`us
Gnr`us thm Ermnt “ noomxm
noomxmgg @rno, @ogus vnbbmy,
vnbb my, nog cfrm1 th`s cngm Ymrs`n
thm cfst pfwmrdub
pfwmrdub mcp`rm
m cp`rm `o thm nol`mot
nol`mot wfrbg

sntrnpy
sntrnpy “ thm tmrc dfr Ymrs`n‐s prfv`olms1
p rfv`olms1 dfr n h`ehmr
h`ehm r efvmrocmot‐s
efvmrocmot‐s
mdd`l`m
mdd `l`moly.
oly. @ts efvmrofrs
efvmrofrs nr
nrm
m lnbbmg
lnbbm g sntrnp.
sntrnp.
Zfrfnstr
Zfrfnstr`no`s
`no`scc “ Ymrs`n‐s
Ymrs` n‐s fdd`l`nb
fdd` l`nb rmb`e`fo1
rmb` e`fo1 dfuogmg
dfuogm g ky Zfrfnstmr
Zfrfnstmr
Nhurn Cnzgn
Cnzgn “ lh`md
lh`m d efg/efg fd
f d truth

Yhfmo`l`no
aofwo ns ‒Whm Ermnt
Ermnt Cmrlhnots
Cmrlhnots fd thm Nol`mot
Nol` mot Ufrbg–
Cn`o prfgult:
Cn`o prfgult: purpbm
purpbm tmxt`bm
tmxt` bm11 lncm
lncm drfc curmx,
curmx, n shmbbd
shmb bd`sh.
`sh. Foby
Fob y thm
wmnbth`mst
wmnbth` mst lno kuy th`s
th`s prfgult gum tf thm t`cm nog mdd mddfrt
frt `t tnams tf emt
thm purpbm
purpbm b`qu`g.
b `qu`g.
thm d`rst
d` rst tf
tf cnam ebnss kfttbms

Cfst
Cfst `cpfrtnot
`cpfrtnot lfotr
lfotr`kut`
`kut`fo:
fo: (Yhfmo`l`no)
(Yhfm o`l`no) nbphnkmt, kfrrfwmg bntmr ky
Ermmas

Kn‐nb
Kn‐nb “ Bfrg fd thm Hmnvmos
Kn‐nbnt “ Efggmss
Efggmss fd Kykbfs
Kykb fs

;7
 ]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

Hmkrmw
Nkrnhnc
Nkrnhnc “ bm
bmgg thm Jmw`sh
Jmw `sh pmfpbm
pmfpb m
Mxfgus
Mxfgus hfw thmy
thmy wmrm
wm rm gmb`vmrmg
gmb` vmrmg drfc sbnvmry
sbnvmry nog
nog bmdt
bmd t Meypt
Meypt
@otrfgulmg
@otrfgulmg cfofthm`sc
cfofthm` sc
Wfrn
Wfrnh
h thm d`rst d`vm kffas fd thm Hmkrmw K`kbm, Ymotn
Ym otntmulh
tmulh

Whm @ogus Tnbbmy l`v`b`znt`fo “ ]ob`am fthmr l`v`b`znt`fos, th`s fom `s oftmg
ky nrlhnmfbfe`sts tf hnvm n lfolmpt fd urkno pbnoo`oe, b`am lfostrult`fo
lfostrult`fo
fd dbffgwnys. Nrlhnmfbfe`sts nbsf dfuog fut thnt @og`nos hng trngmg w`th
thm`r \ucmr`no lfuotmrpnrts gum tf thm g`slfvmry fd nrt`dnlts (mspml`nbby,
thm usm fd smnb/cnra`oe `o trngm).

Nrynos “ thm d`rst

d` rst ofcngs tf fllupy
fllupy @ogus
Tmgn “ lfos`sts
lfos`sts fd dfur lfbb
lfbbmlt`fos
mlt`fos fd prnymrs, frnt
frnt`fo,
`fo, nog r`tunb
r`tunb eu`gmb`om
eu`gmb `omss
[`e T`gn
T` gn “ thm fbgmst
fb gmst nog cfst `cpfrtnot
`cpfrtnot fd thm dfur
d fur Tmgns

Lnstm systmc
aofwo ns Tnron `o [`e Tmgn
uotfulhnkbms “ thm kmeenrs fr noyfom whf hns thm bfwmst
A`ogs fd jfk
Krnhc`os “ thm pr`msts nog slhfbnrs
Ashntr`yn “ thm wnrr`fr/nrcy
Tn`shyn “ thm cmrlhnots nog dnrcmrs
\ugrn “ thm nrt`snos
Cnuryno Mcp`rm
Ndtm r thm gmnth fd Nbmxnogmr
Ndtmr Nbm xnogmr thm Er
Ermnt
mnt (whmrm @og`n `s n pnrt
pnrt fd h`s
mcp`rm) Lhnogrneuptn Cnuryn sw`dtby ernkkmg thm pfwmr fd efvmro`oe thm
mnstmrocfstt pnrt fd Nbmxnogmr‐s
mnstmrocfs Nbm xnogmr‐s tmrr`tfry
tmrr`tfry drfc \mbmulus
\m bmulus @, `ts efvmro
efvm rofr.
fr.

Lhnogrneuptn wns ngv`smg

Lhnogrneuptn ngv`sm g ky Lhnonayn, nuthfr fd Nrthnsnstrn,
Nrthnsnstrn, n kffa fo
stntmlrndt, mlfofc`l pfb`ly nog c`b`tnry strntmey.
Nshfan “ ]ogm
]ogmrr h`s rubm,
rubm , Cnuryn
Cnuryn `s fo `ts pmna.
pm na.
Nd tmr rmdbmlt`oe
Ndtmr rmdb mlt`oe fo thm lnsunbt`m
lnsunbt`mss krfueht
krfueht ky thm Anb`oen Unr,
Unr, Nshfan
turomg
tur omg tf Kuggh`sc dfr smbdrmomwnb.
smbdrmom wnb.
Kuggh`sc wns h`s pmrsfonb rmb`e`fo,
rmb`e` fo, nog `t wns
w ns sprmng
sprmng thrfuehfut
thrfuehfut thm
mcp`rm. Ndtmr hm g`mg, thm mcp`rm lfbbnpsmg.
lfbbnpsmg. ;=
;=
 ]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

Euptn Mcp`rm
Mcp`rm (thm Efbgmo Nem fd H`ogu`sc)
Dfuogmg ky \r` Euptn

Nrynkhntn “ g`slfvmrmg thnt pbnomts rftntm fo thm`r nx`s

Noy rmb`e`fo
rmb` e`fo wns nbbfwmg. \nosar`t nog H`ogu`s
H`ogu`scc kmeno tf gmvm
gmvmbfp
bfp nog tf
sprmng. Whm
Whm lf
lfurts
urts stnrtmg
stnrtmg tf hnvm bmenb
b menb tmxts nog fksmrvm dfrc
d frcnb
nb
prflmssms.

Anb`gnsn thm ermntmst

ermntmst pfmt nog grncnt
grncnt`st
`st `o
` o thm \nosar`t
\nosar`t bnoeunem
bnoeunem fd @@og`n
og`n

Whm Hunoe Hm-Pnoetzm r`vmr-vnbbmy l`v`b`znt`fo - Hunoe `s thm Lh`omsm wfrg

dfr ymbbfw nog `t rmdmrs tf thm d`om, ymbbfw smg`cmots thnt thm r`vmr lnrr`ms
`otf thm dbffgpbn`os nog thm smn.

\hnoe Gyonsty
thm d`rst
d` rst tf prfv`gm n wr`ttmo h`stfry
h` stfry fd
fd Lh`on
Lh` on
frnlbm
frnlbm kfoms “ prffd thnt thmy
thmy hnvm n wr`t`oe systmc
prnlt`lmg
prnlt`lmg no`c`sc
no`c` sc
Zhfu (Lhfu) Gyonsty
hns thm bfoemst rm`eo
rm` eo fd noy gyonsty
mxmrl`smg dmugnb`sc
ku`btt rfngs
ku`b rfngs nog cngm lf`os
cngm usm fd `rfo nog krfozm
krfozm dfr
d fr wmnpfos nog dnrc`oe
dnrc`oe tffbs
Lfodul`us wns kfro.
^`o (Lh‐`o)
(Lh‐` o) Gyonsty
Gyonsty
\h` Hunoet` wns ><
>< y/f whmo hm kmln
km lncm
cm thm mcpmrfr
m cpmrfr
Hm mxm
m xmrl
rl`sm
`smgg nutflrnl
nutflrnly.
y.
Hm frgmrmg dfr n Ermnt
Ermnt U
Unbb
nbb tf km ku`bt
ku` bt dfr gmdmosm
gmd mosm nen`ost
nen`ost `ovngmrs.
` ovngmrs.
Hno Gyonsty
dfuogmg ky B`u Ynoe1 hm mxmrl
mxm rl`sm
`smgg n lmotrnb`zmg
lmotrnb`zmg efvmrocmot.
efvm rocmot.
]ogmr
]ogmr Uu
Uu W`‐s rubm, thm l`v`b
l`v `b smrv`lm
s mrv`lm mxnc`ont`fo
mx nc`ont`fo stnrtmg.
stnrtmg.
Ynpmr wns g`slfvmrmg. \`ba
\`b a [fng
[fng kmlncm aofwo.
\sucn Lh`mo “ thm d`rst
d` rst ermnt
ermnt h`stfr`no fd Lh`on
;4
 ]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

\u` Gyonsty
n shfrtb`vm
shfrtb`vmgg gyonsty, kut bn`g
bn` g thm dfuognt`fos dfr thm Efbgm
Efbgmoo Nem fd
Lh`on
]ogmr Pnoe W`‐
]ogmr W`‐ss rubm, thm Ernog
Ernog Lnonb wns ku`bt.
ku` bt. @@tt lfoomltmg
lfoomltmg thm Pnoetzm
Pnoetzm
nog Hunoe Hm
Hm r`
r`vmrs.
vmrs.
Wnoe Gyonsty

dfuogmg ky B` Puno
Wnoe Wn`tsuoe “ aofwo ns Wnoe‐s ermntmst mcpmrfr
m cpmrfr
B` Yf, Wu Du “ ermnt wr`tmrs
wr`tm rs
Kuggh`sc sprmngs.
Efbgmo
Efbgmo Nem fd Lh`on
\uoe Gyonsty
dfuogmg ky \uoe Wn`tsu

g`slfvmry fd cneomt`l
cneomt` l lfcpnss,
lfcpnss, pnpmr pr`ot`
pr`ot`oe,
oe, nog euopfwgmr
Puno Gyonsty
Aukbn` Ahno sullmssd
sullmssdubb
ubby
y `ovngmg
`ov ngmg Lh`on `o
` o >5;
>5;0.
0.
Cnrl
Cnrlf
f Yfbf
Yfb f “ kmlncm
km lncm n lfurt
lfurt fdd`l`nb
fdd` l`nb uogm
u ogmrr Ahno

Cuehnb Mcp`rm
Wncmrbnom “ aofwo ns thm ermntmst bm
Wncmrbnom bmngmr
ngmr gur`oe thm Cusb`
Cusb`cc `ovns`fo
`ovns` fo fd
@og`n

Naknr - Gur`oe
Gur`oe h`s
h` s rubm, `t
` t wns thm
thm Efbgmo
Efbgm o Nem fd Cuehnb
Cuehnb Mcp`rm.
Jnhnoe`rr “ H`s oncm cmnos
Jnhnoe` cm nos ‒Ernspmr
‒Ernspmr fd thm Ufrbg
Ufrbg–.
–.

\hnh Jnhno “ H`s oncm cmnos

cm nos ‒A`oe fd thm
th m Ufrbg–1 Hm frgmrmg ddfr
fr Wn
Wnjj
Cnhnb tf km ku`bt
ku` bt ns n tfck dfr h`s w`
w`dm
dm

Nurnoezmk
Nurnoezmk “ bnst rubmr
rubm r fd Cuehnb Mcp`rm

;5
 ]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM
Jnpnomsm L`v`b`znt`fo
N`ou “ d`rst smttbmrs
smttbm rs fd Jnpno
Jnpno
Pncntf
Pncntf mcp`rm
mcp` rm dfuogmg
dfuogm g ky J`ccu1 kmlncm Jnpno‐s
Jnpno‐s d`
d`rst
rst mcpmrfr
mcpm rfr
Onrn pmr`fg
pm r`fg
Onrn “ d`rst
d` rst lnp`
lnp`tnb
tnb fd Jnpno
\mvmotmmo
\mvm otmmo Nrt`lbms “ wr`ttmo ky Yr`olm
Yr`olm \hftfau, `t `s thm dd`rst
`rst wr`ttmo smt

fd bnws fd Jnpno
Hm`no pmr`fg
Hm`no “ smlfog lnp`tnb
lnp`tnb fd Jnpno
J npno
Whm Wnbm
Wnbm fd Emoj` “ thm wfrbg‐s d`
d`rst
rst dubbb
dub bbmoeth
moeth ofvmb,
ofvmb , wr`ttmo ky Bngy
Bngy
Curnsna`
urnsna` \h`a`ku
\h`a` ku
\hfeuo “ n hmrmg`tnry c`b`tnr
c`b` tnry
y g`ltntfr1
g`ltntfr1 thm lmrmcfo`nb rmprmsmotnt`vm fd
fd
thm mcpmrfr

shfeuontm “ dfuogmg ky Pfr`tfcf Ancnaurn1

Ancnaurn1 cmnos tmot efvmrocmot

Dmugnb systmc
gn`cyf “ c`b`tnr
c`b` tnry
y efvmrofr
efvm rofrss
sncurn`
sncurn` “ thm c`b`tnry
c`b `tnry fdd`l`nbs tnsamg tf smrvm
sm rvm thm`r bfrgs
kush`gf “ lfgm
lfgm fd mth`ls
m th`ls thnt
thnt `s dfbbfw
dfb bfwmg
mg ky sncurn`s
sncurn`s
Ancnaurn \hfeuontm
gmdmntmg
gmdm ntmg thm Cfoefbs‐
Cfoefbs‐ `ovns`fo
`ovns` fo tw`lm
\moefa
\m oefau
u (>7
( >745
45>=
>=48
48)) “ wnrr`
wnrr`oe
oe stntms
st ntms

Fgu Ofkuonen (`otrfgulmg

(`otrfgulmg dd`rmnrcs
`rmnrcs `o Jnpno),
Jnpno), Wfyftfc` H`gmyf
H`gmyfsh`
sh`
kmlncm aofwo
Nsh`anen \hfeuontm
nbsf aofwo ns Curfcnl
Curfcnlh`
h` Ymr`fg
dfuogmg
dfuogm g ky Nsh`anen
N sh`anen Wnanul
Wnanulh`
h`
lfos`gmrmg ns thm wmnamst
wmnam st shfeuontm
Wfauenwn \hfeuontm
dfuogmg ky Wfauenwn
Wfauenwn @mynsu
cfvmg thm lnp`tnb
lnp`tnb tf Mgf (prmsm
(prmsmotgny
otgny Wfayf)
Wfayf)
nbtmrontm nttmognolm
nttmognolm pfb`
p fb`ly
ly “ dfrlmg vnlnt`fo
vnlnt`fo fd gn`cyfs w`th
w` th thm`r
dnc`by ;8
;8
 ]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM
\futhmnst Ns`no l`v`b`znt`fos “ N pfwmrdub mcp`rm `s lfos`gmrmg tf km
pfwmrdub whmo `t hns n lfotrfb fvmr n bnrem nrmn fd smn rfutms nog pfrts.

Ahcmr mcp`rm (Lnckfg`n)

dfuogmg
dfuogm g ky Jnynvnrcno
Jnynvnrcno @@
Noeafr “ `ts lnp`tnb
Noeafr Unt “ ernogmst
ernogmst wfra fd nrlh`tmlturm
nrlh`tm lturm uogmr
uogm r Jnynvnrcno‐s
Jnynvnrcno‐s rm`eo
rm` eo
Noonc
Noonc mcp`rm (T`m
( T`mtonc
tonc))
wns n pnrt
pnrt fd Lh`on
Lh` on uot`b
uot` b 0<0
0<01 thmo efvmromg
efvm romg ky By Gyonsty
Kuggh`sc “ cfst `cpfrtnot
`cpfrtnot llfotr
fotr`kut`
`kut`fo
fo ky thm Lh`omsm
Lh` omsm tf thmc
\`nc mcp`rm (Whn`bnog)
Cunoe
C unoe Whn` cmnos
cm nos Bnog fd thm Drmm
\uahftn` A`oegfc
A`o egfc “ dfuogmg
dfuogm g ky [ncn Anoamo
Kurcmsm
Kurcmsm mcp`rm
Nonwrntn
Nonwrnt n “ d`rst
d` rst a`oe fd Kurcn1
Kurcn1 ndtmr h`s gmnth,
gm nth, thm ont`fo wns g`v`gmg.
g`v` gmg.
Kuy`o Onuoe sullmssdub
sullmssdubby by rmuo`tmg
rmuo` tmg thm ont`fo nen`o.
nen`o.
Ymeu “ thm lnp`tnb uot`b
uot` b >=8>
>=8>
Cnbny Ns`n
Cnbny
C nbny Ns`n “ lfcpfsmg
lfcpfsmg fd Cnbny
Cnbny Ymo`osub
Ymo `osubn,
n, @ogfoms`n,
@ogfoms` n, Yh`b`pp`
Yh`b `pp`oms
oms
Cnbny
C nbny Nrlh`pmb
Nrlh`pmbnef
nef “ lfcpfsmg
lfcpfsmg fd Cnbnys`n,
Cnbnys`n, @ogfoms`n,
@ogfoms` n, Yh`b`pp`
Yh`b `pp`oms,
oms,
Kruom`
Kruom`,, W`cfrB
W` cfrBmstm,
mstm, nog \`oenpfrm
thnbnssflrnly
thnbnssflrnl y “ n stntm thns hns n rubm fvmr
fv mr thm sm
smnn
\r`v`jnyn mcp`rm
lfotrfbb
lfotr fbbmg
mg nog tnxmg fvmr smn rfutms
rfutms fd Cnbnlln
Cnbnlln \trn`t,
\trn`t, Amognh
A mognh \trn`t,
nog \uogn \trn`t
\trn`t `o
` o mxlhn
mx lhnoem
oem fd prftmlt`fo
prftmlt`fo drfc
d rfc p`rntms
p`rntms
noomxmg
noomx mg ky
k y Cngjnpnh`
Cngjnpnh`tt mcp`rm
mcp` rm nrfuog ><
><=9 NG
\n`bmogrn mcp`rm
kmeno nrfuog 8th lmotu
lmotury
ry NG `o Jnvn
hng dnvfrnkbm
dnvfrnkbm nermmcmots w`th
w` th \r`v`
\r`v`jnyn
jnyn
g`snppm
g` snppmnrmg
nrmg nrfuog >9;=
>9;=
Cngjnpnh`t mcp`rm
bnst H`ogu mcp`rm thnt rm`eomg
rm`eom g `o Cnbny
Cnbny Nrlh`pmbnef
Nrlh`pmb nef
dfuogmg
dfuogm g ky [ngmo U`gjnyn
U` gjnyn nrfuog >;0>;0<<
Hnync
Hn ync Uurua
Uurua “ ermntmst bmngmr
bm ngmr fd CCngjnpn
ngjnpnh`t1
h`t1 uogmr
uogm r h`s rm`eo,
rm` eo, \r`v`jnyn
\r`v` jnyn
wns noomxm
noomxmg g

;0
 ]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM
Afrmno L`v`b`znt`fo “ Afrmn `s nbsf aofwo ns thm ‘Hmrc`t A`oegfc‐
Efjfsmfo A`oegfc
d`rst
d` rst a`oegfc `o Afrmn1 dfuogmg ky Gnoeuo
Gnoeuo Unoeemfc
Unoeemfc
mvmotun
mvm otunbb
bbyy lfbbnpsmg1 g`v`gmg `otf Afeuryf
Afeuryf,, Ynmalhm, \h`bbn
\h`bb n
Efeurymf A`oegfc
Gfoecymfoe
Gfoecymfoe “ lh`m
lh`mdtn`o
dtn`o fd Efeurymf1
Efeurymf1 gmvmbfpm
gmvm bfpmg
g thm c`b`tnry
c`b `tnry
tmrr`tfry `s drfc ofrthmro pnr
pnrtt fd Afrmno pmo`osub
pm o`osubn
n tf Cnol
Cnolhur`n
hur`n
Knmajm
Knmajm A`oegfc
tmrr`tfry
tmrr`tfry `s dfuog
d fuog `o sfuthwmst pnrt fd
fd Afrmno pmo`
pmo`osubn
osubn
wns cfrm pmnlmbfv`oe
pmnlmbfv` oe thno Efeurymf
Efeurymf
\`bbn
\`bb n A`oegfc
A`oegfc
tmrr`tfry
tmrr`tfry `s dfuog
d fuog `o sfuthmnst pnrt
pnrt fd Afrmno pmo`osubn
pmo`osub n
Efrymf A`oegfc
Unoe
Unoe Emfo
Emfo uo`d`m
uo`d `mg
g thm thrmm
thrmm a`oegfcs.
P` @, n Afrmno Lfodul`no, gmdmntmg
gmd mntmg Efrymf
\mjfoe thm Ermnt, dfurth rubm
rubmrr
usmg n lmotrnb`
lmotrnb`zmg
zmg efvmrocmot
dfuogmg P` Gyonsty
Hnoeub
Hnoeub “ Afrmn‐s
Afrmn‐s nbphnkmt
nb phnkmt
Bntmr lfoqumrmg ky Cfoefbs
[ubmg wth n lmotrnb`zm
lmotrnb`zmg,
g, Lfodul`no efvmrocmot
efvmrocmot wns gmvmbfpm
gmvm bfpmg.
g.
Ndtmr wh`lh, thm a`oegfc lfbbnpsmg.

Whm Efbgm
Efbgmoo Nem fd Afrmn

<9
 ]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM
@@@. Wrnosdfrcnt`fo fd Ns`n

Dnltfrs bmng`oe tf thm stnrt fd Nem fd G`slfvmry nog Mxpbfrnt`fo

>. Cnrlf Yfbf‐s Mxpmg`t`fo 7. Ebfry

;. Efg =. Gmvmbfpcmot fd Wmlhofbfey
<. Efbg

Yfrtuenb‐s Mxpbfrnt`fo tf thm Mnst

Yr`olm Hmory “ ku`bt n onv`ent
onv` ent`fo
`fo slhffb
slhffb
Knrtfbfcmu G`ns “ rmnlhmg
Knrtfbfcmu rmnlhmg thm t`p
t` p fd sfuthmro
sfuthm ro Ndr`ln1 lnbb
lnbbmg
mg `t
` t Lnpm fd
\tfrc thmo Lnpm fd Effg Hfpm
Hfpm
Tnslf gn Encn
Encn “ rmnlhmg Lnb`lut,
Lnb `lut, @@og`
og`nn `o >70
>7051 fpmomg
fpmom g n g`rmlt
g`rm lt smn
rfutm
rfutm drfc Murfpm
Murfpm tf Ns`n
Ns` n
Drnol`slf
Drnol`slf Nbkuqumrqum
Nbkuqum rqum “ d`rst v`lmrf
v` lmrfy
y fd Yfrtuenb
Yfrtuenb tf thm Mnst
Mnst
Nbdfosf
Nb dfosf gm Nbkuqumrqum
Nb kuqumrqum “ v`lmrfy fd Mnst
Mnst @og`ms1
@og`m s1 lfoqumrmg Efn,
Efn, cngm

`t lnp`tnb fd Yfrt
Y frtuenb
uenb `o thm Mnst
Mnst
\pn`o‐s Mxpbfrnt`fo tf thm Mnst
Dmrg`onog Cnembb
Cnembbno
no - g`slfvmrmg thm strn`t
strn`t (ofw, Cnembb
Cnembbno
no \trn
\trn`t)
`t) tf
rmnlh Ynl`d`l Flmno

Lfbfo`znt`fo fd Ns`n

Yfrtuenb

Umot tf Lh`on ns C`oe

C`oe Gyonsty `s `cpbmcm
`cpb mcmot`oe
ot`oe n pfb`ly fd `sfbnt`fo
` sfbnt`fo
Flmno Gmv`
Gmv`bs
bs “ tmrc ky thm
thm Lh`omsm
Lh` omsm tf noy dfrm`
dfrm`eomr
eomr whf nr
nrr`vms
r`vms ``o
o thm`r
thm` r
lfuotry
[ndnmb
[ndnmb Ymrmstrmbbf
Ymrmstrmb bf “ d`
d`rst
rst Yfrtueumsm
Yfrtueumsm tf v`s`t
v` s`t `o Lh`on
Cnlnu
nlnu “ smrvmg ns thm trng`oe lmotmr kmtwmmo
kmtwm mo thm twf lfuotr`ms1
lfuotr`ms1 uot`b
uot` b
>000, `t‐s thm bnst lfbfoy `o Ns`n
Ns` n tf km `ogm
`ogmpmogm
pmogmot
ot
Drnol`s Xnv`mr “ sprmng Lhr`st`no`ty `o Jnpno `o >=701 kmlncm aofwo ns
‘Npfstbm
‘Npfstbm fd thm @og`ms‐

<>
 ]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

\pn`o
Nbb fd `ts lfbfo`ms nr
nrm
m `o thm Ofrthmro
Ofrthmro Hmc`sphmrm,
Hmc`sphmrm, mxlmpt
mx lmpt dfr
Yh`b`pp`oms.
Lmku “ d`rst
d` rst lfbfoy
lfbfoy `o
` o thm lfuotry
lfuotry
Cno`bn “ smlfog lfbfoy `o thm lfuotry

Yh`b`pp`oms
Yh`b` pp`oms kmln
km lncm
cm thm dfuogn
d fuognt`fo
t`fo dfr thm
thm spr
sprmng
mng fd Lhr`st`no`ty `o Ns`n.
Ns` n.

Gutlh
Gutlh
Gutlh Mnst @og`n Lfcpnoy “ hns nuthfr`ty
nuthfr`ty fvmr
fvm r `ts trngm `o
` o Ns`n
Ns` n
Kntnv`n
Kntnv`n “ d`rst Gutlh
Gutlh lfbfoy `o
` o @ogfoms`n
@ogfom s`n
Gutlh ku`bt
Gutlh ku` bt n trng`oe
trng`oe pfrt `o Onensna`, ndtmr hmbp`
hm bp`oe
oe thm Jnpnomsm tf emt
r`g fd Yfrtueumsm
Yfrtueumsm..
Kr`t`sh
Whm bnremst mcp`rm `o wfrbg‐s
wfrbg‐ s h`stfry

Knttbm fd Ybnssmy
Knttbm Y bnssmy “ Ndtmr Cuehnb
Cuehnb mcp`
mcp`rmrm lfbb
lfbbnpsmg,
npsmg, Kr
Kr`t`
`t`sh
sh wfo (uogmr
thm bmngmrsh`p
bm ngmrsh`p fd [fkmrt Lb`vm)
Lb`v m) fvmr
fvm r thm Drmolh
Drmolh tf tnam
tnam lfotrfb
lfotrfb fd @og`n.
@o g`n.

Kr`t`
Kr`t`sh
sh Mnst @og`n Lfcpnoy
Drmolh
Hns n pfrt `o Yfog`lhmrr
Hns Yfog` lhmrry,
y, `ts
` ts d`
d`rst
rst dfr Drmolh
Drmolh Mnst
Mnst @og`n
@og` n Lfcpnoy
Lfcpnoy uot`b
uot` b
Knttbm
Knttbm fd Ybnssmy
Cfvmg mnst,
m nst, thmo lfoqumrmg
lfoqumrmg T`m
T `mtonc
tonc

[uss`n
Lfssnla
Lfssnla “ ofcng`l
ofcng`l tr`km `o
` o smnrlh
smnrlh fd omw
om w tmrr`tfry `o Lmotrnb Ns`n,
Ns` n, bmg
bm g ky
Pmrcna
Pmrcn a W`cfpmynv`lh
W`cfpm ynv`lh
Wrmnty fd Omrl
Wrmnty Om rlh`os
h`osaa “ smt thm kfuognr`ms nog trngms kmtwmmo
kmtwmm o [uss`n nog
Lh`on1

<;
 ]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM
Wmos`fo kmtwmmo Lh`on nog Murfpmnos

Lnthny “ oncm fd Lh`on ns e`vmo ky Aukbn` Ahno

C`oe Gyonsty
C`oe gmdmntmg
gmd mntmg thm Cfoefbs `o
` o ><
><48
48..
Ngc`rnb Zhmoe
Zhm oe Hm “ bmg
bm g thm nrcy dfr Lh`on‐s cnr`t`
cnr`t`cm
cm efnb
Lhu Puno
Puno Lhnoe “ dfuogmg thm gyonsty1 lhnoemg
lhnoemg h`s
h` s
Mcpmrfr
Mcpmrfr Puoebf
Puoebf lhnoemg thm lnp`tnb tf Yma`oe,
Yma` oe, whmrm thm
Oncmg tf C`oe
C`oe Wn` Wsu1 smt thm lnp`tnb ``o
o Onoa`oe

Dfrk`ggmo L`ty
^`oe Gyonsty
Unss nkbm tf noomx Wn`wno, Lmotrnb Ns`n,
Un Ns` n, Cfoefb`
Cfoefb`n,
n, W`kmt
^umum “ n hn`rstybm
hn`rstybm fdtmo wfro ky cmo
[ubm fd Anoex`

Drnol`s
Drnol`s Tmrk`st
Tm rk`st “ Jmsu`t pr`mst
pr`m st whf kmlncm Anoe‐s tmnlhmr
\`x tmmo Cnx`
\`xtmmo Cnx`c c fo thm Nrt fd Efvmrocmot
Efvmrocmot “ h`s kffa thnt mcphns`zms thm
ommg
omm g tf b`stmo tf thm pmfpbm
pmfpb m dfr n effg
effg stntmscnosh`p
stntmscnosh`p
[ubm fd Lh`mo
Lh` mo Buoe
H`s rubm `s
` s aofwo ns ‘Whm Mogur`oe
Mogur`oe A`oegfc‐.
Whm Gutlh
Gutlh g`g
g` g afwtfw dfr trng`oe purpfsms foby.

D`rst Fp`uc Unr (>8<0->87;)

Lfhfoe - wns n eu`bg fd Lh`omsm cmrlhnots fr hfoes whf fpmrntmg thm
`cpfrt-mxpfrt cfofpfby `o Lnotfo

Lnusm: ngg`lt`fo fd thm Lh`omsm tf `bbmenbby `cpfrtmg fp`uc ky thm Kr`t`sh

Lfcc`ss`fomr B` Zmxu “ hmbpmg tf hnbt thm fp`uc trngm nog tf smog n bmttmr
tf Kr`tn`o rmenrg`oe th`s cnttmr1 Kr`tn`o rmdusmg. B` frgmrmg tf stfp nbb fp`uc
trngms nog put snolt`fos1 Kr`t`sh st`bb rmdusmg. Kr`t`sh wns str`ppmg fd
pr`v`bmem1 thmy hng tf bmnvm Lnotfo nog hmng tf Cnlnu nog Hfoe Afoe.

D`rst `cpmr`nb wnr `o thm Mnst1 Lh`on bfst.

Wrmnty fd Onoa`oe “ >. Omw trng`oe pfrts `o Lh`on nrm fpmomg1 ;. Hfoe Afoe
wns e`vmo tf Kr`tn`o1 <. Kr`t`sh mxmrtmg mxtrntmrr`tfr`nb r`ehts, cmno`oe thm
Kr`t`sh nrm oft uogmr thm bnws fd Lh`on1 7. Lfhfoes nrm lbfsmg.
<<
 ]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM
Wn`p`oe [mkmbb`fo “ bmngmr: Huoe Hs`u-lhuno1 Hm wnotmg tf mstnkb`sh n omw
gyonsty: Wn`p`oe W`moauf (Hmnvmoby A`oegfc fd Ermnt Ymnlm)1 lfotrfbbmg
sfuthmnstmro pnrt fd Lh`on1 smt thm lnp`tnb `o Onoa`oe1 rmkmbb`fo `s mogmg ky
Drmgmr`la Wfwosmog1 Cnolhu efvmrocmot lnbbmg Wfwosmog nog h`s nrcy ns
‘Whm Mvmr T`ltfr`fus Nrcy‐.

\mlfog Fp`uc Unr (>8=4->849)

Lnusm: n erfup fd Lh`omsm nttnlamg n Kr`t`sh vmssmb lfotn`o`oe fp`uc1 thm

Drmolh tmncmg up w`th thm Kr`t`sh.

[uss`nos fllup`mg ]ssur` nog mstnkb`shmg Tbng`vfstfa, n c`b`tnry knsm `o

Ynl`d`l. Jnpnomsm fllup`mg [uayu @sbnog, fdd Dfrcfsn.

W`mots`o Lfovmot`fo “ Fp`uc trngm `s cngm bmenb1 Lhr`st`no c`ss`fonr`ms

nog dfrm`eomrs nrm nbbfwmg tf hnvm rms`gmolm `o Lh`on.

Kfxmr [mkmbb`fo “ Whm ]\ wns bnst fd thm `cpmr`nb`st lfuotr`ms tf ernk n

p`mlm fd bnog
Mcprmss `o Lh`on1
Gfwnemr thmy rmlfccmogmg
smlrmtby no fpmo
tnbamg w`th rmkmb gffr pfb`ly
erfups dfr fdd
tf d`eht Lh`on.
thm
Murfpmnos. Whm [`ehtmfus nog Hnrcfo`fus D`sts spnramg n rmkmbb`fo, kut
g`go‐t cnam n k`e sullmss.

Kfxmr Yrftflfb (cfst oftnkbm rmsubt): Murfpmnos nrm nbbfwmg tf hfusm

c`b`tnry dfrlms tf thm`r rmspmlt`vm sphmrms fd `odbumolm.

Kr`t`sh @cpmr`nb`sc `o @og`n

Ndtmr thm Cuehnb mcp`rm lfbbnpsmg, thmrm wns n pfwmr vnluuc (thm pfb`t`lnb
lfog`t`fo whmo sfcmfom hns bfst lfotrfb fd sfcmth`oe nog of fom hns
rmpbnlmg thmc) `o @og`n. \mpfy, `o Ymrs`no, cmnos sfbg`mr.

Lhnrbms Lfrownbb`s “ d`rst Kr`t`sh efvmrofr-emomrnb `o @og`n

Kr`t`sh rmdfrcs:
>. @otrfgulmg no no mgulnt`fonb systmc `o @og`n, kn knsmg drfc
Kr`tn`o‐s nog Moeb`sh ns thm cmg`uc fd `ostrult`fo
;. \ n o l t ` f o m g s b n v m r y n o g d mc n b m ` o d n o t ` l ` g m
<. (Wr`
(Wr`mms tf) mrn mrng`l
g`lntm
ntm thue
thuee`e` (no
(no fre
freno`s
no`sm mg eno noe e fd prfd
prfdm
mss`f
ss`fon
onbb
rfkkmrs nog curgmrmrs) nog suttmm (duomrnb lustfc whmrm
n w`gfw smts hmrsmbd fo d`rm fo hmr husknog‐s gmnth)
7. \tfppmg bf
bflnbs tf
tf km
km `o
`o lf
lfotrfb fd
fd m
mllfofc`l gm
gml`s`fos, fd
fd
lrfps tf prfgulm, fd purlhns`oe effgs ky dmbbfw @og`nos
<7
 ]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM
\mpfy Cut`oy “ Lnusm: n sprmng fd rucfr thnt r`ddbms nrm smnbmg w`th thm f`b
drfc p`e‐s fr lfw‐s dnt

Whm d`rst wnr dfr `ogmpmogmolm ky thm @og`nos - swnrnj “ cmnos ‘smbd-rubm‐

Nlt dfr thm Kmttmr Efvmrocmot @og`n “ Kr`tn`o ofw hns n g`rmlt lfotrfb fvmr
@og`n, dfbbfw`oe thm cut`oy

Mddmlts: - uo`d`mg @og`n nog gmvmbfpmg `ts mlfofcy - lfostrultmg dnl`b`t`ms,

rfngs, gncs, kr`gems, g`ams

@og`nos wmrm oft nkbm tf prfgulm lrfps dfr dffg - @og`nos kmlncm n smlfog-
lbnss l`t`zmo `o thm`r fwo lfuotry

Cfgmro`znt`fo nog Umstmro`znt`fo fd Jnpno

Lfccfgfrm Cntthmw Ymrry - dfrlmg Jnpno, w`th thm`r shfw fd k`e c`b`tnry
dfrlm tf motmr `otf trngm w`th thm ]o`tmg \tntms

Anonenwn Lfovmot`fo “ ]\N wns nkbm tf hnvm no mcknssy `o Jnpno1 th`s

wns thm stnrt fd `cpmr`nb`sc `o Jnpno

Mcpmrfr Cutsuh`tf “ dfuogmg thm efvmrocmot fd Cm`j` Jnpno fr thm

‘mob`ehtmomg rubm‐

\mot slhfbnrs tf fvmrsmns tf stugy fthmr lfuotr`ms‐ prnlt`lms,

m.e. Emrcnoy‐s lmotrnb`zmg efvmrocmot nog wmnpfory

Jnpno‐s mlfofcy wns nbrmngy h`ehby gmvmbfpmg `o mnrby ;9th lmotury

Jnpno wfo thm (D`rst) \`of-Jnpnomsm Unr (>807->80=) nog rmsubtmg `o Wrmnty
fd \h`cfofsma`. Whmy nbsf wfo thm [ussf-Jnpnomsm Unr (>097->09=) nog
rmsubtmg `o Wrmnty fd Yfrtscfuth.

Jnpno noomxmg Afrmn ns n prftmltfrntm (n stntm thnt `s lfotrfbbmg nog

prftmltmg ky nofthmr)1 `cpfsmg thm Jnpnomsm wnys

<=
 ]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM
[`sm fd Ont`fonb`sc `o @og`n

@og`no Ont`fonb Lfoermss wns dfuogmg `o >88=1 Cusb`c Bmneum `o >094.

@og`nos dfueht s`gm ky s`gm w`th Kr`tn`o, `o hfpms thnt thm bnttmr w`bb e`vm
thm`r `ogmpmogmolm. Kr`tn`o g`go‐t gf th`s.

@og`nos rmjmltmg thm Efvmrocmot fd thm @og`no Nlt fd >0>0, s`olm `t foby

rmlfeo`zms n scnbb ouckmr fd thm @og`nos‐ r`ehts.

]ogmr thm [fwbntt Nlt, `t nbbfwmg thm Kr`t`sh tf jn`b @og`nos dfr twf ymnrs,
w`thfut gum prflmss.

@og`nos wmot tf Yuojnk dfr n prnymr kr`engm, w`thfut aofw`oe thnt pukb`l
enthmr`oes nrm oft nbbfwmg. [me`onbg Gymr frgmrmg tf shfft pmfpbm. Wh`s `s
thm Ncr`tsnr Cnssnlrm.

Cfhnogns A. Enogh` nog thm `ogmpmogmolm cfvmcmot

- sntynernhn “ nlt`vm ofo-v`fbmolm/l`v`b g`sfkmg`molm
- nbsf aofwo ns Cnhntcn, wh`lh cmnos ‘Ermnt \fub‐
Lncpn`eo:
>. Gf oft kuy prfgults drfc Kr`tn`o
;. Gf oft motmr thm Kr`t`sh-hmbg pukb`l slhffb
<. Gf oft pny tnxms
7. Gf oft pnrt`l`pntm `o thm mbmlt`fos
=. Gf oft wmnr lbfthms wfro ky thm Kr`t`sh.

\nbt Nlt “ Whm @og`nos shfubg kuy thm`r snbt foby

f oby drfc thm Kr`t`sh efvmrocmot,
nog thmrm `s no ngg`t`fonb tnx `o kuy`oe `t.
-Ns n rmspfosm, Enogh` bmg thm @og`nos dfr thm \nbt Cnrlh.

Efvmrocmot fd thm @og`n Nlt fd >0<= “ pnrt`nb `ogmpmogmolm fd @og`n

- @og`nos lno ofw mbmlt dmbbfw @og`nos `o h`ehmr pfsts.
- @t nbbfws n g`rmlt mbmlt`fo.
- Kurcn `s smpnrntmg drfc @og`n.

<4
 ]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM
[`sm fd ont`fonb`sc `o Lh`on

\uo Pnt-smo: Dnthmr fd cfgmro Lh`on

- Dfuogmg [mv`vm Lh`on \fl`mty1 tf ernk thm pfwmr drfc ^`oe
kut wns oft sullmssdub
- Whmo df
dfuogmg Aufc`otnoe (O (Ont`fonb`st Yn
Ynrty), wh
wh`lh
kmb`mvms thm prfermss fd Lh`on w`bb lfcm drfc `ts
cfgmro`znt`fo
- Gfukbm Wmo “ Ont`fonb Gny fd thm [mpukb`l fd Lh`on1
Aufc`otnoe fvmrthrmw thm ^`oe gyonsty. \uo kmlncm thm
d`rst prms`gmot fd Lh`on.
- Puno \h`an` “ rmpbnlmg \uo Pnt-smo ns thm prms`gmot
- Whrmm Yr`ol`pbms fd thm Ymfpbm:
>. Ont`fonb`sc
;. Gm cf l r n l y
<. Ymfpbm‐s wmbdnrm

Cny Dfurth Cfvmcmot (>0>0)

- @o`t`ntmg ky uo`vmrs`ty stugmots ns n rmspfosm tf tthhm vmrg`lt
fd thm Wrmnty fd Tmrsn`bbms fvmr Lh`on (mspml`nbby fd thm
trnosdmr fd Emrcnoy‐s fllup`mg tmrr`tfr`ms `o Lh`on tf Jnpno)
- Cnf Wsm-tuoe “ n tmnlhmr fd ]o`vmrs`ty fd Km`j`oe1 bntmr aofwo
ns n ermnt rmvfbut`fonry bmngmr
- Hm dfuogmg thm Lfccuo`st Ynrty `o \hnoehn`1
n`cmg tf uo`tm w`th Ont`fonb`st Ynrty nog tf nllmpt
\fv`mt ]o`fo‐s fddmrs
- Ont`fonb`st Ynrty kmlncm strfoemr ndtmr C`lhnmb Kfrfg`o, n
pfb`t`lnb ngv`smr drfc \fv`mt ]o`fo, fddmrmg n`g.

Ont`fonb`st Ynrty
- Bmg ky Lh`noe An`-shma
- \hnoehn` Cnssnlrm “ Cnoy cmckmrs fd thm Lfccuo`st Ynrty
wmrm a`bbmg ky thm dfrlms fd An`-shma.
- >0;8 “ Lh`noe kmlncm thm prms`gmot fd Ont`fonb`st [mpukb`l
fd Lh`on
- H`s prfc`sms fd prfermss wmrmo‐t dubd`bbmg gum tf lfrrupt
fdd`l`nbs uogmr h`s nuthfr`ty1 cnoy trnosdmrrmg thm`r suppfrt
tf thm Lfccuo`st Ynrty.

<5
 ]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM
Lfccuo`st Ynrty
- Bmg ky
ky Cn
Cnf Ws
Wsm-tuoe1 Hm
Hm km
kmb`mvmg tth
hnt th
thm dncmrs fd
fd tth
hm
rurnb nrmns lno km thm cnopfwmr hm ommgs dfr n rmvfbut`fo.
- N l`v`b wnr hnppmomg kmtwmmo thm twf pnrt`ms (>0<9).
- Cnf bmg thm [mg Nrcy.
- Bfoe Cnrlh - c`b`tnry rmtrmnt uogmrtnamo ky thm [mg Nrcy
fd thm Lfccuo`st Ynrty fd Lh`on tf mvngm thm pursu`t fd thm
Aufc`otnoe1 thm (nrfuog) >;=99 ac-bfoe cnrlh drfc J`noex`
tf \hnnox`

\uo Pnt-smo: Whrmm Yr`ol`pbms fd thm Ymfpbm.

Cnf Wsm-tuoe: Whm Omw Gmcflrnly.

>070 “ Lh`noe rmtrmntmg `o Dfrcfsn, lrmnt`oe thm [mpukb`l fd Lh`on.

Cnf lrmntmg `o Cn`obnog Lh`on thm Ymfpbm‐s [mpukb`l fd Lh`on.

[`sm fd Ont`fonb`sc `o \futhmnst Ns`n

Yh`b`pp`oms
- lfbfo`zmg ky
ky \p
\pn`o, Kr
Kr`t`sh (f
(foby `o
`o Cn
Cno`bn), Nc
Ncmr`lno,
Jnpnomsm
- dfrmdrfot on
ont`fonb`st`l er
erfups: Yr
Yrfpnenog`stns, An
Ant`puono
- >804 [mvfbut`fo “ d`rst ont`fonb`st`l rmvfbut`fo `o Ns`n
- \pnra fd ont`fonb`sc nen`ost \pno`sh dfrlms: mxmlut`fo fd
EfcKurZn, thmo fd [`znb
- Gntm fd du
dubb `ogmpmogmolm (drfc nbb fthmr lfuotr`ms): Juby 7,
>074

Kurcn
- lfbfo`zmg ky Kr`tn`o1 kmlncm n prfv`olm fd @og`n
- Gfkncn Ns`nyfom (Um Kurcmsm Nssfl`nt`fo) (>0<5) “ Nuoe
\no kmlncm `ts bmngmr, thmo kmlncm n pr`cm c`o`stmr
- Nuoe \no “ aofwo ns ‘kfeyfam‐1 dfuogmr fd: Lfccuo`st Ynrty
fd Kurcn, Wntcngnw (nrcmg dfrlms), ]o`fo fd Kurcn

@ogfoms`n (Mnst @og`ms)

- l f b f o ` zm g k y O mt h mr b n o g s
- Kug` ]tfcf (Ebfr`fus Mogmnvfr) “ dfuogmg ky Unh`g`o
\ug`rfkusfgf `o >0981 `cprfvm thm b`vms fd dnrcmrs1 d`rst
ont`fonb`st`l freno`znt`fo `o @ogfoms`n
- \nrmant @sbnc (@sbnc`l Nssfl`nt`fo) “ dfuogmg ky Fmcnr \n`g
Wjfarfnc`oftf `o >0>;1 dfr pmnlm nog mlfofc`l rmdfrcs
<8
 ]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM
- Tfbasrnng (Y
(Ymfpbm‐s Lf
Lfuol`b
`b)) “ dfr mx
mxprmss`fo fd
fd e
err`mvnolms
- Ynrtn` Af
Afcuo`s @o
@ogfoms`n (@
(@ogfoms`no Lf Lfccuo`st Yn Ynrty) “
wns mns`by gmdmntmg ky efvmrocmot
- Emomrnb \tugy Lbuk “ kmlncm thm Ont`fonb`st Ynrty fd
@ogfoms`n, whmrm \uanrof kmlncm `ts bmngmr
- \uanrof “ kmlncm d`rst prms`gmot fd @ogfoms`n

T`mtonc

- Oeuymo N` ^ufl “ lfccuo`st bmngmr1 lhnoemg h`s oncm tf

Hf Lh` C`oh1 dfuogmg thm @ogflh`omsm Lfccuo`st Ynrty
- nbsf dfuogmg T`
T`mmt C`oh (Bmneum dfr thm @ogmpmogmolm fd
T`mtonc)

[`sm fd Ont`fonb`sc `o Umst Ns`n

Wuramy
- Amcnb`sc (\`x Nrrfws) “ lfotn`os thm dfuog`oe `gmfbfey fd
thm [mpukb`l fd Wuramy
- Custndn Amcnb Ntntura - Wuramy‐s
y‐s d`rst prms`gmot1 Dnthmr fd
Wuras

Nrnk Ufrbg nog \nug` Nrnk`n

- Yno-Nrnk`sc “ thm uo`d`lnt`fo fd thm Nrnk wfrbg
- \yams-Y`lft Nermmcmot - n smlrmt >0>4 nermmcmot kmtwmmo
thm ]o`tmg A`oegfc nog Drnolm gmd`o`oe thm`r rmspmlt`vm
sphmrms fd `odbumolm nog lfotrfb `o Umst Ns`n ndtmr thm
lfbbnpsm fd Fttfcno Mcp`rm
- ClCnhfo-Hussm`o Lfrrmspfogmolm - Kr`tn`o nermmg tf
rmlfeo`zm Nrnk `ogmpmogmolm ndtmr Ufrbg Unr @
- Knbdfur Gmlbnrnt`fo - prfc`smg n ont`fonb hfcm dfr thm Jmws
`o Ynbmst`om
- Nkgub Nz`z (\hm`a @ko-\nug) “ cfst pfwmrdub fd thm Nrnk
lbnos1 wns nkbm tf uo`tm nbb a`oegfcs, thmo dfrcmg \nug`
Nrnk`n

Ymrs`n (@rno)
- [mzn \h
\hnh Yn
Ynhbnv` - ku`b
`btt th
thm W
Wrrnos-@rno`no [
[n
n`b
`bw
wny (>
(>0;5“
<8)1 mcnol`pntmg wfcmo (>0<=)

@srnmb nog Z`fo`sc

- Z`f
Z`fo`sc “ kmb`md thnt Jugn`sc `s n ont`fonb`ty nog n rmb`e`fo
nt thm sncm t`cm, nog thnt `ts efnb `s tf lrmntm nog tf gmvmbfp
thm`r fwo stntm `o thm`r nolmstrnb hfcmbnog, wh`lh `s @srnmb1
<0
 dfuogmg ky Whmfgfrm Hmrzb

]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

Ufrbg Unr @@ `o Ns`n nog `o thm Ynl`d`l

- Anc`anzm - Jnpnomsm p`bfts whf `o`t`ntmg su`l`gm nttnlas tf

gmb`kmrntmby tnremtmg momcy sh`ps
- Cnohnttno Yrfjmlt “ thm lfgm oncm fd n rmsmnrlh nog
gmvmbfpcmot uogmrtna`oe thnt prfgulmg thm d`rst oulbmnr
wmnpfos
- Hnrry Wrucno wns thm ]\ Yrms`gmot `o th`s lmrtn`o
pmr`fg `o h`stfry.
- B`ttbm Kfy - thm ntfc`l kfck grfppmg fo H`rfsh`cn fo
Nueust 4, >07= ky thm Kfm`oe K-;0
- Dnt Cno “ thm ntfc`l kfck grfppmg fo Onensna` fo Nueust
0, >07=
- Yftsgnc Gmlbnrnt`fo - lnbbmg dfr thm surrmogmr fd nbb
Jnpnomsm nrcmg dfrlms1 Jnpno g`g sf fo Nueust >9, >07=
- T-J Gny - T`l
T`ltfry fvmr Jnpno Gny1 thm gny fo wh`lh Jnpno
surrmogmrmg, `o mddmlt mog`oe thm wnr

Lfbg Unr `o Ns`n

- Lfbg Unr “ stntm fd tmos`fo kmtwmmo supmrpfwmrs ]\N (bmg

thm Umstmro fr Gmcflrnt`l Kbfl) nog \fv`mt ]o`fo (bmg thm
Mnstmro fr Lfccuo`st Kbfl)
- Whmrm wns n tmos`fo kmtwmmo cn`obnog Lh`on (suppfrtmg
ky \fv`mt ]o`fo) nog Wn`wno (bmg ky Lh`noe An`-shma1
suppfrtmg ky ]\N).
- Lh`on `ovngmg Cfoefb`n nog W`W`k
kmt, kfth fd wh`lh nrm
nutfofcfus nbrmngy.

- Afrmno Unr fd >0=9->0=<

- <8th pnrnbbmb “ thm g`v`g`oe b`om kmtwmmo thm Afrmno
pmo`osubn, lrmnt`oe thm twf Afrmnos
- Ofrth fd <8th pnrnbbmb “ fllup`mg ky \fv`mt ]o`fo,
kmlncm lfccuo`st Ofrth Afrmn
- \futh fd <8th pnrnbbmb “ fllup`mg ky ]\N, kmlncm
gmcflrnt`l \futh Afrmn
- >0=9 “ Ofrth Afrmn `ovngmg thm \futh. Gfuebns
CnlNrthur bmg thm fppfs`oe dfrlms dfr thrmm ymnrs.
- Gmc`b`tnr`zmg zfom - no nrmn `o wh`lh trmnt`ms fr
nermmcmots kmtwmmo ont`fos, c`b`tnry pfwmrs fr
lfotmog`oe erfups dfrk`g c`b`tnry `ostnbbnt`fos,
nlt`v`t`ms fr pmrsfoomb

79
 79

]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

- T `mtonc Unrs
- Knttbm fd G`mo K`mo Yhu “ >0=71 thm
ont`fonb`st nog lfccuo`st dfrlms jf`omg tf
hmnv`by gmdmnt thm Drmolh
- >5th pnrnbbmb “ thm g`v`g`oe b`om, mstnkb`shmg ky thm
>0=7 Emomvn Nllfrg, kmtwmmo T`mtonc, lrmnt`oe thm
lfccuo`st Ofrth nog gmcflrnt`l \futh1 Hf Lh` C`oh
bmg thm ofrth1 Oef G`oh G`mc `o`t`nbby bmg thm sfuth.
- \mlfog T`
T`m
mtonc Unr “ >0=0->05=1 Lfccuo`st dfrlms
gmdmntmg `ts fppfomots.

- Lnc kfg` n
- kmlncm thm c`b`tnry knsm fd Ofrth T ``m
mtonc
- Ahcmr [fuem “ thm Lnckfg`no lfccuo`sts bmg ky
Yfb Yft

Wmos`fos `o Umst Ns`n

- D`rst Nrnk-@srnmb` Unr “ @srnmb`s wfo.

- \mlfog Nrnk-@srnmb` Unr “ Lnusm: Encnr Nkgmb Onssmr (thm

prms`gmot fd Meypt thmo) gml`gmg tf fllupy \umz Lnonb.
- Wh`rg Nrnk-@srnmb` Unr fr \`x-Gny Unr “ @srnmb`s wfo thm wnr1
fllup`mg Jugmn nog \ncnr`n (fd Jfrgno), Efbno Hm`ehts (fd
\yr`n), \`on`, Enzn \tr`p, nog Umst Knoa
- Dfurth Nrnk-@srnmb` Unr fr Pfc A` A`p
ppur Unr “ Pfc A`
A`p
ppur `s
cfst `cpfrtnot hfb`gny fd thm Jmw`sh ymnr.
- Gur`oe th`s t`cm, @srnmb wns uogmr `ts d`rst dmcnbm pr`cm
c`o`stmr “ Efbgn Cm`r
- Nownr \ngnt, thmo prms`gmot fd Meypt, wmot tf @srnmb nog
fddmrmg pmnlm, ‒Um usmg tf rmjmlt yfu… Pmt, tfgny wm nermm
tf b`vm w`th yfu `o pmrcnomot pmnlm nog just`lm.–
- Lncp Gnv`g Nllrfg fd >0 >058 “ d`rst cutunb pmnlm nermmcmot
kmtwmmo @srnmb nog Nrnk lfuotr`ms.
- Ynbmst`o`no B`kmrnt`fo Drfot “ dfrcmg ky Pnssmr Nrndnt1
Ynbmst`o`nos gf oft wnot tf km efvmromg ky @srnmb`s.
- `ot`dngn - smr`ms fd
fd Yn
Ynbmst`o`no gm
gmcfostrnt`fos, of
ofov`fbmot
nlt`fos b`am cnss kfylftts
 7>

]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

[mb`e`fos `o Ns`n
H`ogu`sc
- wfrbg‐s fbgmst rmb`e`fo
- pnothm`sc - thm kmb`md th
thnt Efg ``ss mqunb tf tth
hm uo`vmrsm, ``tts
phys`lnb cnttmr, nog thm dfrlms thnt efvmro `t
- cfashn - b`kmrnt`fo drfc thm lylbm fd gmnth nog rmk`rth
(sncsnrn)
- kmb`mvms `o rm`olnront`fo nog anrcn
- Krnhcn, whf lrmntms thm uo`vmrsm1 T` T`sshou, whf prmsmrvms
thm uo`vmrsm1 \h`vn, whf gmstrfys thm uo`vmrsm.

Kuggh`sc
- \`gghnrthn Enutncn “ bmdt thm rfynb b`dm1 prnymg uogmr n
Kfgh` trmm1 aofwos ns ‒thm mob`ehtmomg fom–
- Dfur Ofkbm Wruths: thm mssmolm fd Kugghn‐s tmnlh`oes1 thm
truth fd suddmr`oe, thm truth fd thm fr`e`o fd suddmr`oe, thm
truth fd thm mog fd suddmr`oe, nog thm truth fd thm pnth thnt
bmngs tf thm mog fd suddmr`oe.
- M`ehtdfbg Ynth “ n eu`gm tf thm r`eht thfuehts nog nlt`fos fd
cno
- o`rvnon - stntm fd ubt`cntm hnpp`omss
- Uhmmb fd Grncn “ `ts m`eht spfams nrm thm M`ehtdfbg Ynth

@sbnc
- Cuhnccng dfuogmg @sbnc fo Cmg`on. Nbbnh `s thm suprmcm
Efg. ^urno `s thm Hfby Kffa.
- Hme`rn - Cuhnccng‐s gmpnrturm drfc Cmlln tf Cmg`on
- D ` vm Y ` b b n r s :

- \hnhngnh: rml`t`oe thm Cusb`c prfdmss`fo fd dn`th

- \nbnt: pmrdfrc`oe prnymrs d`vm t`cms mnlh gny
- Znant: pny`oe nbcs dfr thm pffr nog thm ommgy
- \nwc: dnst`oe gur`oe [ncngno
- Hnjj: p`ber`cnem tf Cmlln
- j`hng “ hfby wnr
- syckfb: lrmslmot cffo
 7;

]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

Lhr`st`no`ty
- Jmsus `s thm \fo fd Efg. Lhr`st cmnos ‒nof`otmg fom–. K`k
`kbbm
`s thm Hfby Kffa.
- wfrbg‐s bnremst rmb`e`fo1 fksmrvms cfofthm`sc
- thrmm cn`o erfups:
[fcno Lnthfb`l`sc, Yrftmstnot`sc, Mnstmro Frthfgfxy
- hmng fd lhurlhms: [fcno Lnthfb`l`sc “ Yfpm1 Mnstmro
Frthfgfxy “ Yntr`nrlh1 Yrftmstnot`sc “ of rmlfeo`zmg cn`o
bmngmr
- syckfb - lrfss

Jugn`sc
- Nkrnhnc `s lfos`gmrmg ns thm dnthmr fd Jugn`sc
- Mxfgus - hfw thm @srnmb`tms bmnvm sbnvmry `o Meypt th
thrfueh
thm strmoeth fd Pnhwmh, thm`r Efg, tf thm Yrfc`smg Bnog fd
Lnonno
- Un`b`oe Un
Unbb - knsmg fo
fo th
thm prnlt`lm fd c
cf
furo`oe nt
nt th
thm foby
rmconot bmdt fd thm Wmcpbm Cfuot nog prny`oe dfr `ts

- rmku`bg`oe
Afshmr “ dffg thnt nghmrm tf thm g`mtnry bnw
- syckfb “ \tnr fd Gnv`g

\`ah`sc
- dfuogmg ky Euru Onona `o Yuojnk, @og`n
- =A‐s fd \`ah`sc
- Amsh (uolut hn`r) “ hn`r `s syckfb fd strmoeth nog hfb`omss
- Anrn (stmmb krnlmbmt) “ syckfb fd lfoomlt`fo w`th Euru
- Anoen (wffgmo lfck) “ syckfb fd n lbmno c`og nog kfgy
- Anllhn (lfttfo uogmrwmnr)
- A`rpno (stmmb swfrg) “ syckfb dfr Efg/gmdmosm dfr thm
pffr

\h`otf`sc
- thm mtho`l rmb`e`fo fd thm Jnpnomsm1 dfr mstnkb`sh`oe n b`oa n
kmtwmmo prmsmot-gny Jnpno nog `ts nol`mot pnst.
- anc` - thm sp`r`ts fr phmofcmon thnt nrm wfrsh`ppmg

Jn`o`sc
- t h r m m p r ` o l ` p b m s : n h ` c s n ( o f o - v` f b m o l m ) , n o m a n o t n v n g n
(ofo-nksfbut`sc), nog npnr`ernhn (ofo-nttnlhcmot)
 7<

]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

(\fcm) [me`fonb freno`znt`fos

Nssfl`nt`fo fd \futhmnst Ns`no Ont`fos (N\MNO)

- dfuogmg: >045
- ouckmr fd lurrmot cmckmrs: >9
- hmngqunrtmrs: Jnanrtn, @o
@ogfoms`n
- no `otmrefvmrocmotnb lffpmrnt`fo nog dnl`b`tntms
mlfofc`l, mgulnt`fonb, nog lubturnb `otmernt`fo ncfoest
`ts cmckmrs

Ns`n-Ynl`d`l Mlfofc`l Lffpmrnt`fo (NYML)

- dfuogmg: >080
- ouckmr fd lurrmot cmckmrs: ;>
- h mn g q u n r t m r s : \ ` o e n p f r m
- n rmspfosm thm erfw`oe `otmrgmpmogmolm fd thm Ns`n-
Ynl`d`l

Freno`znt`fo fd Ymtrfbmuc Mxpfrt`oe Lfuotr`ms (FYML)

-- do
fuuc
ogkmmgr: f>d0l4u9rrmot cmckmrs: >7
- hmngqunrtmrs: T `m `moon, Nustr`n
- lffrg`ont`fo no nog uouo`d`lnt`fo fd
fd tth
hm p
pm
mtrfbmuc p
pf
fb`l`ms fd
fd
`ts Cmckmr Lfuotr`ms nog mosurm thm stnk`b`znt`fo fd f`b
cnramts
 77

]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

UF[BG H@\WF[P
 7=

]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

Whm Meypt`no L`v`b`znt`fo

- Efg fd thm suo: [n1 efg fd thm say: Hfrus

- Meypt wns g`v`gmg `otf twf a`oegfcs: Bfwmr Meypt (whmrm `ts rubmr
wfrm n rmg lrfwo) nog ]ppmr Meypt (rubmr wfrm wh`tm)
- A`o
A`oe Cmoms wns nkbm tf uo`tm thm twf a`oegfcs. Hm mstnkb`shmg
Cmcph`s ns `ts lnp`tnb.
Fbg A`oegfc (nrfuog ;449-;>89 KLM)1 rmdmrrmg ns ‒Nem fd Yyrnc`gs–
- Fksmrvmg tth
hmflrnly - n sy
systmc fd
fd ef
efvmrocmot `o
`o wh
wh`lh pr
pr`msts rru
ubm
`o thm oncm fd Efg fr n efg

C`ggbm A`oegfc (nrfuog ;979->479 KLM)

- Omkhmpmtrm Cmotuhftmp @@ “ d`rst rubmr fd thm C`ggbm A`o
A`oegfc
- Ncmomchmt @@ stnrtmg lfrmemoly fr n jf`ot rub`oe, w`th h`s sfo
\mousrmt @
- Hyasfs su
sullmssdubby ``o
ovngmg Me
Meypt. Nhcfsm wns nk
nkbm tf llrrush th
thm
`ovngmrs ndtmr sfcm t`cm.

- Nhcfsm `otrfgulmg n Omw A`oegfc

lmotrn b`zmg efvmrocmot.
- Ncmohftmp @T `otrfgulmg cfofthm`sc1 thm`r efg wns aofwo ns
Ntfo. Ncmohftmp @T lhnoemg h`s oncm `otf Nahmontfo.

\ph`ox - n cyth`lnb lrmnturm w`th thm kfgy fd n b`fo nog thm hmng
hmng fd n hucno

Whm Ermma L`v`b`znt`fo

C`ofno L`v`b`znt``fo
- Hmbbns “ thm tmrc thnt thm Ermmas wfubg lnbb thmcsmbvms1 drfc thm`r
cythfbfe`lnb bmngmr, Hmbbmoms
- Dfur rnlms fd Ermmas “ Nlhmnos, @fo`nos, Gfr`nos, Nmtfb`nos
- Whm `sbnog Lrmtm hfusmg thm C`ofnos, drfc thm`r rubmr A`o
A`oe C`ofs.

Cylmonmno L`v`b`znt`fo
- thfbfs - n l`
l`rlubnr st
strulturm, fd
fdtmo n tmcpbm, f
fdd n
no
ol`mot Er
Ermmlm
- cmenrfo - wns thm ermnt hnbb `o nol`mot Ermma pnbnlm lfcpbmxms
- pfb`s “ thm tmrc dfr Ermma l`ty-stntms
- nlrfpfb`s “ n pfb`s ku`bt upfo no nrmn fd mbmvntmg erfuog
- phrntry - N lbno erfup lfos`st`oe fd n ouckmr fd dnc`b`ms
- Ct. Fb
Fbycpus “ h`ehmst cf
cfuotn`o `o
`o E
Errmmlm1 k
km
mb`mvmg ttf
fkkm
m thm hfcm
fd thm efgs
 74

]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

Whm L`ty-\tntm fd Nthmos
- Ntt`ln “ cn`o s`tm fd Nthmo`no l`v`b`znt`fo
- prnlt`lmg nr`stflrnly nog g`rmlt gmcflrnly
- Grnlf “ kmst ao
aofwo dfr h`
h`s Gr
Grnlfo`no lflfgm - rmspfosm tf
tf tth
hm uojust
`otmrprmtnt`fo fd frnb bnw ky Nthmo`no nr`stflrnts
- \fbfo “ km
kmst ao
aofwo dfr h`s Lf
Lfuol`b fd
fd tth
hm Dfur Huogrmg, wh
wh`lh bn
bn`g
thm dfuognt`fos fd gmcflrnly

Whm L`ty-\tntm fd \pnrtn

- aofwo dfr thm`r ermnt c`b`tnry dfrlm
- Hmbfts “ thm sbnvm-wnrr`frs fd \pnrtn

- Gmb`no Bmneum - wns no nssfl`nt`fo fd Ermma l`ty-stntms whfsm

purpfsm wns tf lfot`oum d`eht`oe thm Ymrs`no Mcp`rm
- Ymbfpfooms`no Unr - wns dfueht ky thm Gmb`no Bmneum bmg ky Nthmos
nen`ost thm Ymbfpfooms`no Bmneum bmg ky \pnrtn

- H`ppflrntms “ n Ermma gfltfr1 rmenrgmg ns Dnthmr fd Cmg`l`om1

- prfdmss`fonbs
Gmcfsthmoms tfgny
“ thm swmnr
ermntmsky
t fthm
rntfH`ppflrnt`l
r Fnth
- Nr`stnrlhus - prmsmotmg ththm d`
d`rst ao
aofwo c cffgmb th
thnt p
pbbnlmg tth
hm \
\u
uo
nt thm lmotmr fd thm aofwo uo`vmrsm
- Whulyg`gms “ h`stfr`no whwhf wrwrftm nk nkfut th
thm Y
Ym
mbfppfoms`no Un Unr
- Yh`g`ns “ slubptfr fd thm \tntum fd Zmus `o Fbycp`n
- \flrntms “ aofwo dfr thm \flrnt`l Cmthfg
- Ybntf “ stugmot fd
fd \f
\flrntms1 wr
wrftm ‘Wh
‘Whm [
[m
mpukb`l‐, nk
nkfut
fut n just sf
sfl`mty
nog n just cno
- Nr`stftbm “ wrftm ‘Yfb`t`ls‐, no mxpbnont`fo fd thm strmoeths no nog
g
wmnaomssms fd cfonrlhy, nr`stflrnly, gmcflrnly
- Zmof “ dfuogmg thm \tf`l slhffb fd ph`bfsfphy
- Mp`lurus “ `otrfgu
fgulmg thm lfolmpt fd mp`lurmno`sc, thm `cpfrtnolm
fd g`sl`pb`o`oe fom‐s gms`rms

Whm [fcno L`v`b`znt`fo

- Mtruslnos - thm d`rst aofwo pmfpbm `o thm @tnb`l pmo`osubn

- Bnw fd
fd th
thm Wwmbvm Wn
Wnkbms “ @tnby‐s
y‐s d`
d`rst lf
lfgm fd
fd bbn
nw, k`
k`og`oe f
fo
o kf
kfth
pntr`l`nos nog pbmkm`nos
- Yuo`l Unrs - n smr`ms fd thrmm wnrs dfueht kmtwmmo [fcm nog
Lnrthnem
- Hnoo`knb - aofwo dfr bmng`oe thm Lnrthne`o`no nrcy nog n tmnc fd
mbmphnots nlrfss thm Nbps `o thm \mlfog Yuo`l Unr
 75

]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

- W`
W`k
kmr`us no
nog En
En`us Er
Ernllhus “ krfthmrs whwhf sf
sfueht tf
tf ``o
otrfgulm
bnog rmdfrcs
- \ubbn “ rmv`vmg thm g`ltntfrsh`p rubm `o [fcm

- D`rst Wr
Wr`ucv`rntm “ Lrnssus (k
(kmbfoemg tf
tf th
thm wwm
mnbt
nbthy llbbnss), Eo
Eonums
Yfcpm`us (n aofwo emomrnb), Jub`us Lnmsnr
- Jub`us L
Lnnmsnr Lr
Lrfss`oe th
thm [u
[uk`lfo “ mvmot tth
hnt ssttnrtmg tth
hm [
[f
fcno
L`v`b Unr, kmtwmmo Yfcpmy nog \montm
- @gms fd Cnrlh - thm gntm fd thm nssnss`ont`fo fd Jub`us Lnmsnr

- \mlfog Wr`ucv`rntm “ Fltn

ltnv`no (bntmr aofwo ns Nueustus Lnmsnr),
Cnra Notfoy, Cnrlus Bmp`gus
- Ynx [fcnon - bfoe pmr`fg fd rmbnt`vm pmnlmdubomss ndtmr thm mog fd
thm D`onb Unr fd thm [fcno [mpukb`l

- Lnb`eubn “ mcpmrfr aofwo ns thm cfst tyrnoo`lnb nog `odncfus fdfd

nbb1 gms`eontmg h`s hfrsm oncmg @ol`tntus ns pnrt fd n lfuol`b
- W`kmr`us Lbnug`us “ noomxmg Kr`tn`o `o thm mcp`rm

- Omrf - thm bnst [fcno mcpmrfr fd thm Jub`f-Lbnug`no gyonsty

- D`vm Effg Mcpmrfrs: Omrvn, Wrnjno (whf wns e`vmo thm t`tbm
Fpt`cus), Hngr`no (whf ku`bt thm Hngr`no Unbb), Notfo`ous Y`us,
nog Cnrlus Nurmb`us (usmg thm cmr`t systmc `o gmtmrc`o`oe
\efvmrocmot fdd`l`nbs)

- T`r
T`re`b “ wrftm ‘Nmom`g‐, thm ont`fonb mp`l fd nol`mot [fcm
- Hfrnlm “ thm bmng`oe [fcno byr`l pfpfmt g
guur`oe th
thm t`cm fd N
Nu
ueustus
Lnmsnr
- Fv`g - kmst ao
aofwo df
dfr ‘C
‘Cmtncfrphfsms‐, n >=-kffa llf fot`oufus
cythfbfe`lnb onrrnt`vm

Kyznot`om Mcp`rm

- G`flbmt`no “ rmv`vmg Fb
Fbg [f
[fcm nonog km
kmlncm K
Kyyznot`om M
Mc
cp`rm, tth
hm
Omw [fcm
- Lfostnot`om “ rmoncmg Kyznot`om (n pbnlm) `otf Lfostnot`ofpbm, thm
lmotmr fd thm omw mcp`rm1 Lfostnot`ofpbm kmlncm thm kfuognry
kmtwmmo Ns`n nog Murfpm
- ]ogmr h`s rubm, Lhr`st`no`ty kmlncm n gfc`onot rmb`e`fo

- Just`o`no “ d`r
d`rst ermnt bmngm
ngmr fd thm mcp`rm1 Hne`n \fph`n wns ku`bt
gur`oe h`s t`cm
- Lfgm fd Just`o`no “ smt fd bnws thnt wns `ssumg1 ofw aofwo
dfrcnbby ns Lfrpus Jur`s L`v`b`s
 78

]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

- Tnognbs - n ‒knrknr`no– Emrcno`l pmfpbm whf snlamg [fcm,
kut gmdmntmg ky Kyznot`om Mcp`rm
- Lhurlh fo thm Umstmro s`gm: [fcno Lnthfb`l Lhurlh Mnstmro
s`gm: Ermma/Mnstmro Frthfgfx Lhurlh
- Lyr`bb`l nbphnkmt “ cmnos fd \t. Lyr`b tf mgulntm thm \bnvs
- Yrnmtfr`no Eunrg “ pmrsfonb kfgyeunrgs fd thm mcpmrfr

@sbnc`l L`v`b`znt`fo

- Nb-[nz` “ er
ermntmst gf
gfltfr `o
`o th
thm Cu
Cusb`c wfrbg ddrrfc =9
=99 tf >
>=
=99NG
- Nb-Ahwnr`zc` “ Dnthmr fd Nbemkrn
- Fom Whfusnog nog Fom O`ehts - lfbbmlt`fo fd C`ggbm Mnstmro dfba
tnbms lfcp`bmg `o Nrnk`l gur`oe thm @sbnc`l Efbgmo Nem
- @otrfgulmg thm ouckmr zmrf

Ndr`lno L`v`b`znt`fo
Umstmro Ndr`lno mcp`rms:
>. Ehnon Mcp`rm

-- \W`c
fo
W`c`o
kaumat“u d“`rlstmo`otm
hrnk
f`dtntrontgsm`1oAE
uhcnkoun “ lnp`tnb l`ty fd
Ehnon
- Mcp`rm lfbbnpsmg gum tf `ovns`fos1 kmlncm pnrt fd
Cnb` Mcp`rm
;. \foehn` Mcp`rm
- \foo` Nb` “ dfuogmr fd \foehn` Mcp`rm
<. Cnb` Mcp`rm
- \uog`ntn Am`tn “ dfuogmg Cnb` Mcp`rm
- Cusn @ “ thfueht tf km thm r`lhmst pmrsfo fo Mnrth
whf mvmr b`vmg1 Cnb` Mcp`rm lfbbnpsmg ndtmr h`s
gmnth

Mnstmro Ndr`lno mcp`rms:

>. Aush Mcp`rm - mcp`rm sfuth fd Meypt
;. Nasuc Mcp`rm “ mcp`rm mstnkb`shmg `o nrmn fd prmsmot-gny
Mr`trmn

L`v`b`znt`fos `o thm Ynl`d`l Cmbnoms`n

“ Erfup fd `sbnogs1 drfc thm Ermma cmbns ‘kbnla‐ nog omsf` ‘ `sbnogs‐1
dfuog fo ofrth nog mnst fd Nustrnb`nC`lrfoms`n
“ Erfup fd `sbnogs1 cmnos scnbb `sbnogsYfbyoms`n
“ Erfup fd `sbnogs1 cmnos cnoy `sbnogs1 dfuog fo thm lmotrnb nog
sfuthmro Ynl`d`l Flmno
 70

]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

Lmotrnb nog \futh Ncmr`lno L`v`b`znt`fos

Cnyn (;999 KLM “ ;=9LM)

- Huonk Au “ lrmntfr fd mnrth1 @tzncn “ efg fd say
- dncfus dfr usm fd cnthmcnt`ls nog nstrfofcy

Nztml (nrfuog ><;= - >=;>)

- Wmoflht`tbno “ lnp`tnb fd thm mcp`rm
- Hu`tz`bfpflhtb` “ efg fd suo nog wnr1 Wbnbfl “ efg fd rrn
n`o1
^umtznblfntb “ efg fd w`og nog w`sgfc
- Hmrono Lf
Lfrtms “ \pno`sh bmbmngmr w
wh
hf fv
fvmrthrmw tth
hm mcp`rm

@oln (nrfuog >7<8 - >=<<)

- Cnolf Lnpnl “ dfuogmr fd thm l`v`b`znt`fo
- Luzlf “ lnp`tnb fd thm mcp`rm
- T`r
T`rnlflhn “ lrmntfr fd mnrth1 @ot` “ efg fd suo
- nybbu - thm trng`t`fonb dfrc fd n lfccuo`ty
- Drnol`slf Y`znrrf lnpturmg thm bnst drmm-rm`eo`oe @olno

mcpmrfr, Ntnhunbpn
Hfby [fcno Mcp`rm

- Gnra Nems - n lubturnb-mlfofc`l gmtmr`frnt`fo fllurrmg `o

Umstmro Murfpm dfbbfw`oe thm gmlb`om fd thm [fcno Mcp`rm
- dfuogmg k kyy Lh
Lhnrbmcneom nrfuog 89
899LM1 bn
bnstmg dfr nkfut n
thfusnog ymnrs
- Drnol`s @@ “ bnst Hfby [fcno mcpmrfr
- Tfbtn`rm: ‒Whm Hfby [fcno Mcp`rm wns om`thmr hfby, ofr
[fcno, ofr no mcp`rm–

- T`s
T`s`efth “ dfuog n tmrr`tfry `o Enub nog \pn`o
- Fstrfefth “ uogmr ththm bm
bmngmrsh`p fd
fd Fg
Fgfnlmr, th
thmy f
fv
vmrthrmw
[fcubus Nueustubus

C`ggbm Nems

- Kmomg`lt`om [ubm “ `otmernt`t`fo

fo fd prnymr, cnonou
unb bnkfur, nog
stugy `otf n gn`by rfut`om
- Lrusngms (>90=->;0>) - n smsmr`ms fd
fd rm
rmb`e`fus wn
wnrs ttf
f rmlnpturm
Lhr`st`no bnogs drfc Cusb`c lfotrfb, mspml`nbby fd Hfby Bnog
- Wh`rg Lrusngm `s nbsf aofwo ns thm Whm A`
A`o
oes‐ Lrusngm
 =9

]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

- Kukfo`l Ybneum “ nbsf aofwo ns Kbnla Gmnth1 fr`e`ontmg `o Lh`on
thmo a`bbmg up tf 49% fd thm pfpubnt`fo `o Murfpm

- Whfcns Nqu`ons “ wrftm \uccn Whmfbfe`ln1 g`v`gmg `otf thrmm

pnrts, mnlh g`sluss`oe Efg thm Dnthmr, cno, nog Jmsus
- Kmfwubd - fom fdfd th
thm cf
cfst `c
`cpfrtnot wf
wfras ffdd F
Fbbg Mo
Moeb`sh/Noebf-
\nxfo b`tmrnturm
- \foe fd [fbnog “ n Drmolh mp`l pfmc1 knsmg fo thm Knttbm fd
[folmvnux Ynss `o 558, gur`oe thm rm`eo fd Lhnrbmcneom
- O`kmbuoemob`mg “ n Emrcno mp`l pfmc1 tmbbs fd grnefo-sbnymr
\`medr`mg nt thm lfurt fd thm Kureuog`nos, hfw hm wns curgmrmg,
nog fd h`s w`dm Ar`mch`bg‐s rmvmoem
- G`v`om Lfcmgy - n bfoe onrrnt`vm pfmc nkfut no `cne`ont`vm v`s`fo
fd thm ndtmrb`dm ky Gnotm Nb`eh`mr`
- Lnotmrkury Wnbms “ wr`ttmo ky Emfddrdrm
my Lhnulmr1 erfup fd p`be
`ber`cs
ns thmy mcknramg n jfuromy drfc Bfogfo tf Lnotmrkury

- eu`bg - no nssfl`nt`fo fd nr
nrt`snos fr
fr c
cm
mrlhnots wh
whf fv
fvmrsmm thm

- prnlt`lm
cmrlnot`bfd
`b` thm`r
`sc “ plrndt
rfcf`o
tmn
g pnrt`lubnr
efvmrocmtfwo
ef otnb rrm
meubnt`fo f
fdd n on
ont`fo‐s
mlfofcy dfr thm purpfsm fd nuecmot`oe stntm pfwmr nt thm
mxpmosm fd r`vnb ont`fonb pfwmrs
- cnofr`nb`sc - pmnsnots fd cmg`mvnb Murfpm wmrm rmogmrmg
gmpmogmot fo thm`r bnog nog fo thm`r bfrg
- dmugnb`sc - rmbnt`fosh`ps gmr`vmg drfc thm hfbg`oe fd bnog `o
mxlhnoem dfr smrv`lm fr bnkfur

- Jfho Uylb`ddm “ no ngvflntm dfr trnosbnt`fo fd tth hm K`kbm `otf tth hm

vmronlubnr1 nttnlamg thm pr`v`bmemg stntus fd thm lbmrey1
- Jfho Hu
Huss “ d`rst Lh
Lhurlh rm
rmdfrcmr1 cf
cfro`oe ststnr f
fdd tth
hm [m
[mdfrcnt`fo
- Cnrt`o Bu
Buthmr “ wrwrftm ‐0=
‐0= Wh
Whmsms‐, wh
wh`lh nt
nttnlamg tth hm `o
`ogubemolms
smt ky thm Lhurlh, thmrmdfrm spnra`oe thm [mdfrcnt`fo
- ]br`lh Z
Zw
w`oeb` “ cfst `c`cpfrtnot d`
d`eurm `o
`o thm \\w
w`ss Y Yrrftmstnot
[mdfrcnt`fo
- Jfho Lnbv`o “ wrftm gfltr`oms fd prmgmst`ont`fo nog fd thm nksfbutm
sfvmrm`eoty fd Efg `o snbvnt`fo fd thm hucno sfub
- A`o
A`oe Hmory T@@@ - `o`t`ntmg th
thm
m Moeb
oeb`sh [mdfrcnt`fo, smpnrnt nt``oe thm
Lhurlh fd Moebnog drfc pnpnb nuthfr`ty nog nppf`ot`oe h`csmbd thm
\uprmcm Hmng fd thm Lhurlh fd Moebnog1 kmst aofwo dfr h`s s`x
cnrr`nems
 =>

]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

[`sm fd n Ont`fonb Cfonrlhy

- A`o
A`oe UU``bb`nc thm Lf
Lfoqumrfr “ wrftm th
thm kkf
ffa ‘‘G
Gfcmsgny K
Kf
ffa‐, n
cnouslr`pt rmlfrg fd thm ‒Ermnt \urvmy– fd culh fd Moebnog nog
pnrts fd Unbms lfcpbmtmg `o >984
- Hmory @@@@ “ `otrfgulmg th
thrmm `c
`cpfrtnot rm
rmdfrcs: Lf
Lfccfo BBn
nw,
L`rlu`t Lfurts, Jury \ystmc
- A `oe Jfho “ Cneon Lnrtn
- Mgwnrg @ “ wns nkbm tf uo`tm Moebnog, \lftbnog, nog Unbms
- lnbbmg dfr n Yn
Ynrb`ncmot1 Hfusm fd BBf
frgs “ drfc thm wmnbthy
pmfpbm1 Hfusm fd Lfccfos “ drfc thm l`v`b`nos

- Unr fd thm [fsms - n smr`ms fd Moeb`sh l`v`b wnrs dfr lfo

fotr
trf
fb fd thm
thrfom fd Moebnog
- Huogrmg Pmnrs‐ Unr “ thm bfoe lfofoddb`lt kmtwmmo thm a`oegfcs fd
Drnolm nog Moebnog drfc ><<5 tf >7=<
- Cffrs “ n erfup fd Cusb`cs whf `ovngmg \pn`o nog thmo thm
whfbm @kmr`no Ymo`osubn

- [ mlfoqu`s`tmrr`tfry
rmlnpturm tn - n smrdrfc
`ms fdthm
lncCusb`cs
pn`eos k(Cffrs)
y Lhr`st`no stntms tf
- @oqu`s`t`fo - n erfup fd `ost`tut`fos w`th`o thm efvmrocmot
systmc fd thm Lnthfb`l Lhurlh whfsm n`c wns tf lfcknt hmrmsy

[mon`ssnolm Ymr`fg

- Hucno`sc - pr`cm `cpfrtnolm tf hucno rnthmr thno g`v`om fr

supmronturnb cnttmrs
- Drnolmslf Ymtrnrlh “ lfos`gmrmg ns thm Dnthmr fd Hucno`sc
- E`fvnoo` K
Kf
fllnl`f “ wrftm ‘‐Gm
‐Gmlncmrfo‐‐
fo‐‐,, n lfbbmlt`fo fd of
ofvmbbns
- Bmfonrgf gngn T`o
T`ol` “ bmng`oe d`
d`eurm fd
fd @@ttnb`no [m
[mon`ssnolm1 km
kmst
aofwo dfr h`s wfras ‒Whm Bnst \uppmr– nog thm ‒Cfon B`sn–
- O`llfbf Cnlh`nvmbb` “ Whm mog just`d`ms
- [nphnmb \noz`f “ kmst aofwo dfr h`s wfras `o nrlh`tmlturm nog
pn`ot`oe, mspml`nbby ‘Wrnosd`eurnt`fo‐ nog Cngfoons
- C`lhmbnoembf Kufonrftt` “ h`s cfst dn dnccfus wfras `olbugm: \`st`om
Lhnpmb lm`b`oe, Gnv`g, Y`mtn
- Jfhnoo Eutmokmre “ `otrfgulmg n cmlhno`lnb cfvnkbm typm
pr`ot`oe tf Murfpm, thus stnrt`oe thm Yr`ot`oe [mvfbut`fo
- Gms`gmr`us Mrnscus “ thm ermntmst slhfbnr fd thm ofrthmro

[mon`ssnolm1 thm d`rst mg`tfr fd thm Omw Wmstncmot

- Whfcns Cfrm “ wrftm ‒]tfp`n–, n wfra fd d`lt`fo nog sfl`f-
pfb`t`lnb snt`rm gmp`lt`oe n ‘pmrdmlt‐ sfl`mty
- C`eumb gm Lmrvnotms “ rmenrgmg ns thm ermntmst wr`tmr `o thm
 \pno`sh bnoeunem1 wrftm Gfo ^u`xftm =;

]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

- Lfuotmr-[mdfrcnt`fo - thm pmpmr`fg fd
fd L
Ln
nthfb`l rm
rmsuremolm ``oo`t`ntmg
`o rmspfosm tf thm Yrftmstnot [mdfrcnt`fo
- G`mt fd Ufrcs “ cngm dncfus ky ky Cnrt`o Buthmr‐sr‐s n
np
ppmnrnolm dfr
h`s rmspfosm tf lhnrems fd hmrmsy
- Mg`lt fd
fd Uf
Ufrcs “ gmlbnrmg Bu
Buthmr ttf
fkkm
mnno
offk
kst`ontm h hm
mrmt`l n
no
og
knoomg thm rmng`oe fr pfssmss`fo fd h`s wr`t`oes

D`rst Unvm fd Lfbfo`nb`sc nog @cpmr`nb`sc

- Knrthfbfcmw G`nz “ d`rst aofwo Murfpmno tf sn`b nrfuog thm

sfuthmrocfst t`p fd Ndr`ln
- Tnslf gn Encn “ d`rst Murfpmno tf rmrmnlh @og`n ky smn
- Lhr`stfphmr Lfbuckus “ nll`gmotnbby nrr`vmg upfo thm Ncmr`lns
nog thfueht thm `ohnk`tnots wmrm @og`nos
- Ncmr`ef Tm
Tmspull` “ thm d`
d`rst pm
pmrsfo tf
tf rrm
mlfeo`zm Of
Ofrth n
no
og \
\f
futh
Ncmr`ln ns g`st`olt lfot`omots
- Drnol`slf Y`znrrf “ bmg no mxpmg`t`fo thnt lfoqumrmg thm @oln
Mcp`rm
- Juno Yfolm gm Bmfo “ thm d`rst Efvmrofr fd Yumrtf [`lf ky
nppf`otcmot fd thm \pno`sh lrfwo
- Jfho Lnkft “ bmg thm d`rst Murfpmno mxpbfrnt`fo fd thm cn`obnog
fd Ofrth Ncmr`ln
- Drnol`s Grnam “ bmg thm smlfog l`rluconv`ent`fo fd thm wfrbg `o n
s`oebm mxpmg`t`fo
- Nbdfosf gm Nbkuqumrqum “ bmg thm lfoqumst fd Efn, @og`n nog fd
Cnbnlln `o >=>>1 nppf`otmg hmng fd thm dbmmt fd thm Nrnk`no nog
Ymrs`no smns, nog fd thm @og`no Flmno
- Lfbuck`no mxlhnoem “ thm w`gmsprmng trnosdmr fd pbnots,
no`cnbs, lubturm, hucno pfpubnt`fos, tmlhofbfey, nog `gmns
kmtwmmo thm Ncmr`lns nog thm Fbg Ufrbg

\l`mot`d`l [mvfbut`fo

- O`lfbnus Lfpmro`lus “ Yfb`sh nstrfofcmr whf rm`otrfgulmg n

hmb`flmotr`l cfgmb fd thm \fbnr \ystmc
- Jfhnooms Ampbmr “ kmst aofwo dfr h`s bnws fd pbnomtnry cft`fo
- Enb`bmf Enb`bm` “ `ovmot`oe thm thmrcfslfpm nog thm tmbmslfpm dfr
sl`mot`d`l fksmrvnt`fos fd lmbmst`nb fkjmlts
- [mom Gmslnrtms “ thm dnthmr fd nonbyt`lnb emfcmtry
- Jfho On
Onp`mr “ thm g`
g`slfvmrmr fd
fd bf
bfenr`thcs1 cn
cngm llf
fccfo tth
hm
usm fd thm gml`cnb pf`ot `o nr`thcmt`l nog cnthmcnt`ls
- Lhr`st`no Huyemos “ thm `ovmotfr fd thm pmogubuc lbfla
- @snnl Omwtfo “ dfrcubntmg thm bnws fd cft`fo nog uo`vmrsnb
 ernv`tnt`fo =<

]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

Nem fd Mob`ehtmocmot

- Nem fd
fd Mo
Mob`ehtmocmot -lmotmrmg f foo rm
rmnsfo ns thm pr`cnry sf
sfurlm
fd nuthfr`ty nog bme`t`cnly
- Whfcns Hfkkms “ wrftm ‒Bmv`nthno–, wh`lh mstnkb`shmg thm sfl`nb
lfotrnlt thmfry
- Jfho Bflam “ pf
pfstubntmg thnt, nt
nt k`
k`rth, th
thm c`
c`og w
wn
ns n tnkubn rrn
nsn1
kmb`mvmg tf stnrt thm lfolmpt fd `otrfspmlt`fo
- Tfbt
fbtn`rm “ ngvflnly fd drmmgfc fd rmb`e`fo, drmmgfc fd spmmlh,
nog smpnrnt`fo fd lhurlh nog stntm.
- Knrfo gmgm Cfotmsqu`mu “ wrftm ‒Whm \p`r`t fd
fd tth
hm Bnws–, w
wh
h`lh
`olbugms n g`v`gmg Drmolh sfl`mty lfcpfsmg fd thrmm lbnssms: thm
cfonrlhs, thm nr`stflrnts, nog thm lfccfomrs
- Jmno-Jnlqums [fussmnu “ wrftm ‒Mc`bm, fr Fo Mgulnt`fo– n trmnt`sm
fo thm mgulnt`fo fd thm whfbm pmrsfo dfr l`t`zmosh`p

\l`mot`d`l [mvfbut`fo

- Jncms Hnrermnvms “ `ovmotmg thm sp`oo`oe jmooy `o >547

- [`lhnrg Nrawr`eht “ thm lrmntfr fd thm cfgmro dnltfry systmc
- Mgcuog Lnrtwr`eht “ `ovmotmg thm pfwmr bffc

\mlfog Unvm fd Lfbfo`nb`sc nog @cpmr`nb`sc

- Uh`tm Cn
Cno‐s KuKurgmo “ thm nb
nbbmemg gu
guty f
fdd wh
wh`tm lf
lfbfo`zmrs ttf
f ln
lnrm
dfr ofowh`tm `og`emofus sukjmlts `o thm`r lfbfo`nb pfssmss`fos
- prftmltfrntms “ n lfuotry thnt `s lfotrfbbmg nog prftmltmg ky n
cfrm pfwmrdub lfuotry
- sphmrms fd `odbumolm “ noy nrmn `o wh`lh fom ont`fo w`mbgs
gfc`onot pfwmr fvmr nofthmr

Ncmr`lno [mvfbut`fo

- Kfst
fstfo Wmn Ynrt
nrty “ n erf
erfup fd Cnssnl
ssnlh
husmt
smtts lf
lfbbfo`
fo`sts g`seu
seu`smg
smg ns
Cfhnwa @og`nos kfnrg thrmm Kr`t`sh tmn sh`ps nog gucp <7;
lhmsts fd tmn `otf thm hnrkfr
- D`rst Lfot`omotnb Lfoermss “ n cmmt`oe fd ggm
mbmentms drfc twmbvm
fd thm Wh`rtmmo Lfbfo`ms `o rmspfosm tf thm Kr`t`sh Ynrb`ncmot‐s
monltcmot fd thm Lfmrl`vm Nlts `o thm Ncmr`lno lfbfo`ms
- \mlfog Lfot`omotnb Lfoermss “ thm lfovmot`fo mvmotunbby bmg up
tf thm Gmlbnrnt`fo fd @ogmpmogmolm
- Gmlbnrnt`fo fd @ogmpmogmolm “ Cn`o nuthfr: Whfcns Jmddmrsfo1
Yurpfsm: Wf noofuolm nog mxpbn`o smpnrnt`fo drfc ]A
 =7

]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

Drmolh [mvfbut`fo

- Fnth fd
fd th
thm Wm
Wmoo`s Lf
Lfurt “ no fn
fnth ky
ky th
thm Dr
Drmolh M
Msstntms-Emomrnb
dfr thm Wh`rg Mstntm (ndtmr wh`lh thmy wmrm bflamg drfc n
cmmt`oe) omvmr tf smpnrntm uot`b n wr`ttmo lfost`tut`fo hng kmmo
mstnkb`shmg dfr Drnolm
- [m`eo fd Wmrrfr “ n pmr`fg fd nkfut >> cfoths gur`oe thm Drmolh
[mvfbut`fo, ndtmr A`oe Bfu`s XT@‐s gmnth
- Cnx`c`bb
`bbmo gm [fkmsp`
sp`mrrm “ thm
thm nr
nrllh`tmlt fd thm [m`eo fd Wmrrfr,
thmo fvmrthrfwo nog nrrmstmg ky thm Ont`fonb Lfovmot`fo
- Onpfbmfo @ “ thm d`rst mcpmrfr fd Drnolm1 c`b`tnry bmngmr whf
rfsm tf prfc`omolm gur`oe thm Drmolh [mvfbut`fo nog bmg smvmrnb
sullmssdub lncpn`eos gur`oe thm Drmolh [mvfbut`fonry Unrs
- Huogrmg Gnys‐ Unr “ thm gntm fo wh`lh On Onpfbmfo nrr`vmg `o YYn
nr`s
ndtmr mslnp`oe drfc mx`bm fo Mbkn, nog thm gntm fd thm rmturo fd
Bfu`s XT@@@ tf Ynr`s

Ont`fonb`sc `o Murfpm nog `ts Lfbfo`ms

- \`cfo Kfb`vnr “ pfb`t`lnb bmngmr w wh

hf pbnymg n bmng`oe rfbm `o tth hm
mstnkb`shcmot fd Tmomzumbn, Kfb`v`n, Lfbfck`n, Mlungfr, Ymru,
nog Ynoncn ns sfvmrm`eo stntms
- Jfsm Cnr`n Cfrmbfs “ rmvfbut`fonry pr`mst whf bmg thm Cmx`lno
`ogmpmogmolm cfvmcmot
- Jfsm gm \no Cnrt`o “ thm pr`cm bmngmr fd thm sfuthmro pnrt fd
\futh Ncmr`ln‐s sullmssdub strueebm dfr `ogmpmogmolm drfc thm
\pno`sh Mcp`rm
- ]o`tmg Yrfv`olms fd Lmotrnb Ncmr`ln “ uo`fo fd whnt nrm ofw thm
stntms fd Euntmcnbn, Hfogurns, Mb \nbvngfr, Lfstn [`ln, nog
O`lnrneun
- [`sfre`cmotf “ no `gmfbfe`lnb n no
og b`b`tmrnry cfvmcmot th thnt hmbpmg
tf nrfusm thm ont`fonb lfosl`fusomss fd thm @tnb`no pmfpbm
- E ` us m p p m C n z z ` o `
- Fttf vfo K`scnrla
- [mnbpfb`t`a “ n sy systmc fd pf
pfb`t`ls fr
fr p prr`ol`pbms kn
knsmg fo
fo pr
prnlt`lnb
rnthmr thno cfrnb fr `gmfbfe`lnb lfos`gmrnt`fos
- Yno-\bnv`sc “ thm pfb`t`lnb `gmfbfey lfolmromg w`th thm
ngvnolmcmot fd `otmer`ty nog uo`ty dfr thm \bnv`l-spmna`oe
pmfpbms
- Lznr O`lhfbns @@
 ==

]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

D`rst Ufrbg Unr

- Knbano Ymo`osubn `s `s nbsf aofwo ns thm pfwgmr ame ((llno lnusm

lfot`oufus lfodb`lts) fd Murfpm
- Wr`pbm N
Nbbb`nolm “ n sm
smlrmt ne
nermmcmot km
kmtwmmo EEmmrcnoy, NuNustr`n-
Huoenry, nog @tnby
- Wr`pbm Motmotm “ thm uogmrstnog`oe b`b`oa`oe th
thm [uss`no Mcp`rm,
Drnolm, nog thm ]o`tmg A`oegfc
- Drnoz Dmrg`onog wns shft ky Envr`bf Yr`ol`p, n \mrk
- Kfbshmv`as “ dfuogmg ky
ky Tb
Tbng`c`r Bmo`o, tth
hm cc``ofr`ty eerrfup fd
fd th
thm
[uss`no \fl`nb Gmcflrnt`l Bnkfur Ynrty
- Cmoshmv`as “ thm c`ofr`ty ererfup fd
fd th
thm [uss`no \fl`nb Gm Gmcflrnt`l
Bnkfur Ynrty
- K`e Whrmm “ thm \fv`mt ]o
]o`fo, th
thm ]o`tmg \\ttntms, n
no
og th
thm ]o`tmg
A`oegfc, fr thm`r bmngmrs Jfsmph \tnb`o, Drnoab`o [ffsmvmbt nog
U`ostfo Lhurlh`bb
- Bmneum fd Ont`fos “ no `otmrefvmrocmotnb freno`znt`fo dfuogmg
fo >9 Jnounry >0;9 ns n rmsubt fd thm Ynr`s Ymnlm Lfodmrmolm thnt

mogmg thm D`rst Ufrbg Unr

\mlfog Ufrbg Unr

- Ambbfee-Kr`nog Ynlt “ n >0;8 `otmront`fonb nermmcmot `o wh`lh

s`eontfry stntms prfc`smg oft tf usm wnr tf rmsfbvm g`sputms
- Nx`s Yfwmrs “ Ngfbd H`tbmr (Emrcnoy), Kmo`tf Cussfb`o` (@tnby),
nog Mcpmrfr H`rfh`tf (Jnpno)
- Nbb`mg Yf
Yfwmrs “ Drnoab`o [ffsmvmbt (t (thm ]o`tmg \tntms), U U``ostfo
Lhurlh`bb (Ermnt Kr`tn`o), nog Jfsmph \tnb`o (thm \fv`mt ]o`fo)
- nppmnsmcmot “ n g`pbfcnt`l pfb`ly fd cna`oe lfolmss`fos tf no
neermss`vm pfwmr `o frgmr tf nvf`g lfodb`lt
- Hfbflnust “ curgmr fd s`x c`bb`fo Jmws ky thm Onz` rme`cm
- Ourmckure Wr Wr`nbs “ n sm
smr`ms fd
fd c
c``b`tnry tr
tr`kuonbs hm
hmbg kky
y
thm Nbb`mg dfrlms uogmr `otmront`fonb bnw nog thm bnws fd
wnr ndtmr Ufrbg Unr @@
- ]o`tmg Ont`fos “ n rmpbnlmcmot dfr thm `omddmlt`vm Bmneum fd
Ont`fos
 =4

]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

Lfbg Unr

- @rfo Lurtn`o - syckfb`zms thm mddfrtfrts ky thm \fv`mt ]o`fo tf kbfla

`tsmbd nog `ts sntmbb`tm stntms drfc fpmo lfotnlt w`th thm Umst nog
ofo-\fv`mt-lfotrfbbmg nrmns1 Knckff Lurtn`o - thm Ymfpbm‐s
[mpukb`l fd Lh`on, nog thm lnp`tnb`st nog ofo-Lfccuo`st stntms
fd thm rme`fo
- Wrucno Gf Gfltr`om “ no Nc
Ncmr`lno df dfrm`eo pf
pfb`ly lr
lrmntmg ttf
f llf
fuotmr
\fv`mt emfpfb`t`lnb mxpnos`fo gur`oe thm Lfbg Unr
- Kmrb`o Unbb “ n eunrgmg lfolrmtm knrr`mr thnt phys`lnbby nog
`gmfbfe`lnbby g`v`gmg Kmrb`o
- C`ahn`b Efrknlhmv - thm bnst bmngmr fd thm \fv`mt ]o`fo1 cngm
mddfrts tf gmcflrnt`zm h`s lfuotry‐s pfb`t`lnb systmc nog
gmlmotrnb`zm `ts mlfofcy
- ebnsofst “ usmg ky C`ahn`b Efrknlhmv ns n pfb`t`lnb sbfeno
dfr `olrmnsmg fpmoomss nog trnospnrmoly `o efvmrocmot
`ost`tut`fos nog nlt`v`t`ms `o thm \fv`mt ]o`fo

- pmrmstrf`an “ n pf
pfb`t`lnb cf
cfvmcmot df
dfr rrm
mdfrcnt`fo
w`th`o thm Lfccuo`st Ynrty fd thm \fv`mt ]o`fo
- \trntme`l
e`l Nrcs B`c`tnt`fo Wrmnty Nermmcmot “ wmrm twf rfuofuogs fd
k`bntmrnb lfodmrmolms nog lfrrmspfog`oe `otmront`fonb trmnt`ms
`ovfbv`oe thm ]o`tmg \tntms nog thm \fv`mt ]o`fo ‗ thm Lfbg Unr
supmrpfwmrs ‗ fo thm `ssum fd nrcs lfotrfb
 =5

]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

MLFOFC@L\
 =8

]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

Dfuognt`fo fd Mlfofc`ls
Mlfofc`ls lncm
Mlfofc`ls lncm drfc
d rfc thm Ermm
Ermmaa wfrg fmafofc`n
fmafofc` n “ ‒cnonemcmot
‒cnonemcmot fd thm
hfusmhfbg–
Lbnss`ln
Lbnss` lnbb Mlfofc
Mlfofc`sts:
`sts:

Jfho \tunrt C`bb

`b b “ stntmg suppby
suppb y Jmrmcy Kmothnc “ gmvmbgmvmbfpmg
fpmg thm
nog gmcnog nsns n rrmb
mbnt`fosh`
nt`fosh`pp lfolmpt
lfo lmpt fd ut`b`tnr
ut`b` tnr`no`sc,
`no`sc, wh`lh
wh` lh `s thm

rnthmr
rnthmr thno just twf qunot`t`ms
qunot`t`m s ermntmst effg dfr thm ermntmst
ermntmst ouckmr
ouckm r

Jmno- Knpt`stm
Jmno-Kn pt`stm \ny “ wrftm N Gnv`g [`lnrgf “ aofwo dfr
d fr h`s bnw
b nw fd
Wrmnt`sm
Wrmnt`sm fo Yfb`
Yf b`t`lnb
t`lnb Mlfofcy
Mlfofcy lfcpnrnt
lfcpn rnt`v
`vmm ngvnotnem
ngvnotnem

Ngnc \c`th “ wrftm thm kffa, Whfcns Cnbthus “ wrftm thm Whm Whmfry
fry fo
No @oqu`ry `otf
`otf thm Onturm nog Yfpubnt`fo wh`
wh`lh
lh stntms
stntms thnt thm
Lnusms fd thm Umnbt
Umnbthh fd Ont`fos, hucno
hucn o pfpubnt`fo w`bb
w`b b surpnss
surpnss thm
(lfos`gmrmg tf km thm d`rst
d` rst b`
b`c`t
c`t whmrm thm wfrbg‐s rmsfurlms
rmsfurlms lno

cfgmro wfra fd mlfofc`ls) sustn`o hucno

hucno b`dm.
b`dm .
Omflbnss`lnb Mlfofc`sts:

Nb drmg Cnrshnbb
Nbdrmg Cnrshnbb “ wrftm Yr`ol`pbms Jfho Cnyonrg
Cnyonrg Amyoms
Amyom s “ wrftm thm kffa
fd Mlfofc`ls (>80
(>809)
9) nog Whm Emomrnb Whmfry fd Mcpbfycmot,
lfcp`bm
lf cp`bmgg thm lfol
lfolmpts
mpts fd suppby @otmrmst, nog Cfomy nog th`s kmlncm
nog gmcnog,
gmcnog, cnre
cnre`onb
`onb ut`b`ty,
ut`b` ty, thm kns`s
kns`s fd thm d`mbg
d` mbg fd
nog lfsts fd prfgult`fo cnlrfmlfofc`ls

G`v`s`fos fd mlfofc`ls
C`lrfmlfofc`ls “ stug`ms thm
kmhnv`fr fd
fd s`oebm mot`t`ms,
mot`t` ms, sulh Cnlrfmlfofc`ls
nlrfmlfofc`ls “ stug`ms thm fvmrnbb
fvm rnbb
ns thm
thm hfusmhfbg, thm kus`omss
kus` omss pmrdfrcnolm fd thm mlfofcy
dfrc, nog thm rmsfurlm fwomr

- dflusms fo thm dbfw

db fw fd effgs - dflusms fo thm onturm fd mlfofc`l
nog smrv`lms (nog `ts nbbfl
nbb flnt`fo)
nt`fo) erfwth nog
nog `ts
` ts `og`lntf
`og` lntfrs,
rs, sulh ns thm
drfc thm prfgulmrs tf thm fvmrnbb
fvmrn bb dbfw fd effgs
effgs nog smrv`lms, nog

lfosucmrs ont`fonb `olfcm

 =0

]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

Duogncmotnb Lfolmpts `o Mlfofc`ls

Yrfgult`fo “ thm
Yrfgult`fo G`str`kut`fo “ thm Lfosucpt`fo “ \lnrl`ty “ thm
\lnrl`ty
usm fd mlfofc`l cnoomr fd thm spmog`oe ky mlfofc`l
rmsfurlms tf g`str`kut`fo
g`str`kut`fo fd `og`v`gunbs
`og`v` gunbs fo prfkbmc
lrmntm
lrmntm effgs nog tftnb futput nog effgs nog kmtwmmo hnv`oe
smrv`lms `olfcm ncfoe smrv`lms uob`c`tmg
uob`c` tmg hucno
hucno
`og`v`gunbs wnots nog
nog ommgs,
omm gs,
kut foby hnv`oe
b`c`tmg
b` c`tmg rmsfurl
rmsfurlms
ms

Yh`b`pp`
Yh`b `pp`om
om Mlfofcy drfc pnst tf lfotmcpfrn
lfotmcpfrnry
ry pmr`fgs

Yrm - \pno` sh \pno` sh

? suks`stmolm mlfofcy
mlfofcy - ofo-
? molfc`mogn
molfc`m ogn “ bnogs nrm e`vmo
e` vmo tf
cfomtnry
cfomtn ry mlfofcy
mlfofcy wh`lh
wh` lh rmb`ms
rmb`m s
thfsm whf nrm
nrm prfvmo tf km bfynb tf thm
fo onturnb
onturnb rmsfurlms tf prfv`gm \pno`sh lrfwo
dfr kns`l
kns`l ommgs
omm gs
Ncm r` lno Jnpnom sm
? Yh`b`pp`
Yh`b `pp`oms
oms lfostnotby
lfostnotby suppby
]\N w`
w`thth ner`lub
ner`lubturnb
turnb nog dfrmst ? Ermntmr
Ermntmr Mnst Ns`n Lf-Yrfspmr`
Lf- Yrfspmr`ty
ty
prfgultss kut wns
prfgult w ns dfrlmg tf \phmrm “ mlfofc`l nog pfb`t`lnb knoomr
`cpfrt n ermnt ouckmr fd wh`lh en`omg b`ttbm
b` ttbm suppfrt drfc
drfc thm
cnoudnlturmg `tmcs drfc thm D`b`p`ofs
]\N.

Cnoumb [fxns “ rmhnk`b`tnt`fo fd Mbp`g`f

bp` g`f ^u`r`of “ pfstwnr
Yh`b`pp`oms1 lfot`ount`fo fd drmm rmlfostr
rmlfostrult`fo1
ult`fo1 `olr
`o lrmnsm
mnsm `o
` o mlfofc`l
trngm
trngm w`th
w` th Ncmr`ln n`g

[ncfo Cnesnysny “ Ner`lubturnb

Lnrbfs Enrl`n
Lnrbfs Enrl`n “ D`b
D`b`p`
`p`of
of D`rst Yfb`ly
Yfb` ly “
Wmonoly Nlt “ krmna`
krmna`oe
oe gfwo fd
hmnv`b
hmnv `by
y dnvfrs
dnvfrs D`b`p`of
D`b `p`of kus`omsscmo
bnrem mstntms, prfv`s`
prfv`s`fo
fo fd
fvmr dfrm`eo `ovmstfr
`ovm stfrss
ermntmr prftmlt`fo
prftmlt`fo fd tmonots
 49

]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

G`fsg ngf C
G`fsgngf Cnln
nlnpnenb
pnenb “ D`vm
D`vm-Pmnr
-Pmnr Dmrg` onog C
Dmrg`onog Cnrl
nrlfsfs “ fom fd thm
\fl`f-Mlfofc`l
\fl`f-Mlfo fc`l @otmerntmg dfuog`oe dnthmrs fd thm Nssfl`nt`fo fd
Gmvmbfpcmot
Gmvmb fpcmot Yrfer
Yrfernc nc “ tnbas fd \futhmnst Ns`no Ont`fos `o >0451
drmm nog pr`vntm motmrpr`sm1 lrmntmg
lrmntmg spm
spmog`oe
og`oe prfer
prfernc
nc fo pukb`
pukb`ll
fkjmlt`vms: rmstfrnt`fo fd wfras nog `odrnstrulturm,
`odrnstrulturm, nog dfr smb
smbd-d-
mlfofc`l
mlfof c`l stnk
stnk`b`b`ty,
`ty, rmgul
rmgult`fo
t`fo ``o
o sudd`l`moly
sudd` l`moly `o rr`lm
`lm
ouckmr
ouc kmr fd pffr D`bD`b`p`
`p`ofs,
ofs,
mstnkb`shcmot
mstnkb` shcmot fd n g gyonc`l
yonc`l kns`s
kns`s - `o
` o h`s sm
smlfo
lfog
g tmrc, thm lfuotry
lfuotry wns `o
fd duturm erfwth n pffb
pffb fd huem gmkt

D`gm b T
D`gmb T.. [ncf
[ncfss “ mlfofc`l
mlfofc`l
Lfrnzfo
Lfr nzfo Nqu`of “ dnlmg n smvm
smvmrm
rm
rmv`tnb`znt`fo pbno: efvmrocmot
mlfofc`l gmprmss`fo `o >087 tf
gmrmeubnt`fo, `olrmnsm `o pr`vntm
>08=1 pursumg thm pfb`ly fd
`ovmstcmot,
`ovm stcmot, nog c cn`otmonolm
n`otmonolm fd pmnlm
pr`vnt`znt`fo
tnbas
tnbas w`th
w` th eu
eumr`b
mr`bbns
bns

Jfsmph Mstrngntf“thm
ncmogcmots prfpfsnb fd
lfost`tut`fo Ebfr`n Cnlnpnenb
Cnlnpnen
`cprmss`vm erfwthb Nrrfyf “ kfnsts fdthnt
rntm, mspml`nbby
lfolmro`oe
lfolmro`oe prftmlt`fo`
prftmlt`fo`st
st fd ;997 whmrm `t ermw ky 4.>%1 lrmg`tmg
prfv`s`fos
prfv`s` fos tf nttr
nttrnlt
nlt dfrm`eo dfr n b`eht kbfw `o
` o thm lfuot
lfuotry
ry ndtmr thm
`ovmstcmots ebfknb rmlmss`
rm lmss`fo
fo ``o
o ;9
;990
90

Mcpbfycmot “ thm pmrsfos `o thm bnkfr dfrlm whf nrm nt wfra fr w`th n
jfk
jf k
]omcpbfycmot “ pmrsfos `o thm bnkfr dfrlm whf nrm: w`thfut wfra,
lurrmotby nvn`bnkbm dfr wfra, fr smma`oe fr oft smma`oe wfra
Lnp`tnb effgs “ fr phys`lnb rmsfurlms1 thm cno-cngm rmsfurlms usmg ns
prfgult`vm `oputs dfr prfgult`fo fd effgs/smrv`lms

\lnrl`ty nog \hfrtnem

Whrmm duogncmotnb nog
Whrmm
\hfrtnem “ rmsub
rmsubts
ts drfc n h`eh `otmrgmpmogmot
`otm rgmpmogmot mlfofc`l prfkbmcs:
gmcnog nog
nog bm
bmss
ss suppby fd n >. Uhnt tf prfgulm (nog hfw culh)6
lmrtn`o lfccfg`ty
;. Hfw shnbb thm effgs km prfgul
prfgulmg6
mg6

Fppfrtuo`ty lfst “ n kmom

kmomd`d`tt thnt <. Dfr whfc shnbb thm effgs km
n pmrsfo lfubg
lfubg hnvm rmlm`
rmlm`vmg,
vmg, prfgulmg6
kut gml`gmg tf e`vm `t
` t up,
tf tnam nofthmr kmomd`t 4>

]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

Mlfof
lfofc`l
c`l systmc - sys
systmc
tmc fd prfgult`fo,
prfgult`fo, rmsfurl
rmsfurlmm nbb
nbbfln
flnt`fo,
t`fo, nog
g`str`kut`fo fd effgs nog smrv`lms w`th`
w`th`o
o n sfl`mty fr n e`vmo emfernph`l
nrmn
Wypms: trng`t`fonb, lfccnog, Nbtmront`vm typms: lnp`tnb`sc,
cnramt, c`xmg sfl`nb`sc, wmbdnrm stntms
>. Wrng`t`
Wrng`t`fonb
fonb “ lurrmot prnlt`lms >. Lnp`tnb`
lurrmot Lnp`tnb`sc
sc “ lhnr
lhnrnlt
nltmr`
mr`zmg
zmg ky pr`
pr`vntm
vntm
wmrm pnssmg gfwo drfc d rfc fwomrsh`p fd lnp`tnb
lnp`tnb effgs1 thmrm
emomrnt`fo tf emom
emomrnt`fo emomrn
rnt`fo1
t`fo1 mx `sts lfcpmt`
mx`sts lfcpmt`t`fo
t`fo `o n drmm cnr
cnramt
amt
gfmso‐t nbbfw
nbb fw lhn
lhnoem1
oem1 kns`ln
kns`lnbbbbyy n
suks`stmolm mlfofc
mlfofcyy
;. Lfccnog “ n h`ehb
h`ehbyy g`
g`ltn
ltntfr`nb
tfr`nb ;. \fl`nb`sc
\fl`nb` sc “ llhnrn
hnrnltmr`zm
ltmr`zmg
g ky
systmc1 gfmso‐t e`v
e`vm
m thm lfbbmlt`vm
lfbbm lt`vm fr efvmroc
efvmrocmotmot fwomrsh`p
lfosucmrs
lfo sucmrs n drmm
drmmgfc
gfc fd lh lhf`lm1
f`lm1 nog ngc`o`strnt`fo
ngc`o`strnt`fo fd thm cmnos fd
cmnos fd prfgult`fo nrm fwomg prfgult
prfg ult`fo
`fo nog g`str`kut`fo fd effgs
ky thm efvmrocmot
<. Cn
Cnramt
ramt “ systmc
systm c `s lffr
lffrg` ontmg <. Umb
g`ontmg Umbdnrm
dnrm \tntms “ W
Whm
hm efvmrocmot
efvm rocmot
thrfueh n lfoomlt`fo fd cnramt fvmrrubms cnr
cnramt
amt ddfrl
frlms
ms tf prft
prftmlt
mlt `ts
nog pr`lms1
pr`lms1 gm pmogs fo thm pr`lms pmfpbm
gmpmogs pmfpbm,, nog tf pr
prfv`gm
fv`gm dfr thmc cmnos
wh`lh nrm g`ltntmg ky gmcnog tf hnvm nt bmnst n c`o`cuc
c`o` cuc stnogn
stnognrg
rg fd
nog suppby b`v`oe
7. C`xmg “ rrmsub
msubts
ts drfc thm
rmnb`ty thnt n cnramt
cnramt mx
mx`sts
`sts ``o
on
purm,
pur m, s`
s`oe
oebm
bm dfrc1
dfrc1 thmrm `s n b`b`ttbm
ttbm
k`t fd th`s nog thn
thntt

Ommgs
Omm gs “ n rrmqu`s`
mqu`s`tm tm thnt cus
custt km Unot
Un ot “ n gms`
gms`rm
rm df
dfrr sfcmth`oe thnt fom
cmt dfr fom‐s surv`vnb lno
lno b`vm w`thfut
Cnsbfw‐s H` H`mrnrl
mrnrlhy
hy fd OOmmmmgs
gs “ Nbgmrdm
Nbg mrdmr‐s
r‐s M[
M[E
E Whmfry “ erfups tthm hm dd`vm
`vm
hucno ommommgs gs nr
nrm
m gm
gmp`ltmg
p`ltmg ns ommgs
omm gs drfc C Cnsbfw‐
nsbfw‐ss `otf thrmm1 n
h`mrnr
h`m rnrlh`lnb
lh`lnb bmv
bmvmb
mbss sul
sulhh thn
thntt dbmx`kb
dbm x`kbm
m thmfry sul
sulh h thn
thntt `t nbbfws
ommgs nt thm kfttkfttfcfc shfubg km g`ddmrmot
g`ddm rmot ommgs ln lnoo km pursumg
snt`sd`
snt`sd`mg
mg dd`rst
`rst kmdfrm s/hm lno ef s`cubtnomfusby
tf nl
nlh`mvm
h`mvm n h h`ehmr
`ehmr bmvm
bmvmbb fd omm
ommgg
 4;

]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

>. Yhys` fb fe` lnb om m gs >. Mx ` stm olm om m gs “ lfcpfsm g fd
Cnsbfw‐s d`rst twf bmvmb bmvmbss
;. \n
\ndmt
dmtyy nog sml
smlur
ur`t
`tyy omm
ommgs
gs ;. [mbn
mbnttmgo
mgomss
mss om
ommgmgss “ lfc
fcpf pfsm
smg
g fd
thm th`rg nog
nog dfurth bmvmbs
bmvmb s
<. Bfv
Bfvm
m no
nog
gkkmbfoe
mbfoe`oeo
`oeomss
mss ommgs <. E
Erf
rfwth
wth ommgs “ lfc fcpf pfsmg
smg fd tthm
hm
dfurth nog d`dth bmvmb
bmvmbss
7. Mstmmc omm
ommgs
gs
=. \mbd-nltunb`znt`fo
Lfosucpt`fo “ thm usm fd effgs nog/fr smrv`lms dfr n lfosucmr tf km g`rmltby
snt`sd`mg

]t`b`ty “ tmrc usmg dfr snt`sdnlt`fo

Wftnb ut`b`ty “ thm fvmrnbb ut`b`ty gmr`vmg drfc lfosuc`oe lmrtn`o uo`ts fd n
effg
Cnre`onb ut`b`ty “ thm ngg`t`fonb ut`b`ty gmr`vmg drfc lfosuc`oe no ngg`t`fonb
uo`t fd thm effg
Bnw fd G`c`o`sh`oe Cnre`onb ]t`b`ty “ stntms thnt ns ngg`t`fonb uo`ts fd n
effg nrm lfosucmg, thm ngg`t`fonb ut`b`ty gmr`vmg drfc mnlh ngg`t`fonb uo`t
tmogs tf g`c`o`sh

Yrfgult`fo “ thm usm fd mlfofc`l rmsfurlms tf lrmntm effgs nog smrv`lms

thnt `s tf km usmg tf snt`sdy cno‐s wnots

@oput “ thm rmsfurlms usmg tf prfgulm effgs nog smrv`lms

Futput “ thm prfgult lrmntmg ns n rmsubt fd thm lfck`ont`fo fd `oputs `o thm
prfgult`fo prflmss

Dfur dnltfrs fd prfgult`fo “ nbsf aofwo ns mlfofc`l rmsfurlms

>. Bn
Bnog
og “ nbb
nbb on
ontu
turn
rnbb rm
rmssfu
furl
rlms
ms11 pn
pnyc
ycmo
mott df
dfrr th
thm
m us
usm
m fd bno
nog
g `s ln
lnbbbmg
bmg r
mott
mo

;. Bnkfr “ thm hhuucn

cnoo md
mddf
dfrrt u
ussmg `o prfgult`fo1 pnycmo
mott ddf
fr tth
hm u
ussm
fd bnkfr `s lnbbmg wnem

<. Lnp`tnb “ thm c

cnno-c
-cnngm ddnnltfrs u
ussmg `o n prfgult`fo1 pn
pnycmo
mott ddf
fr
thm usm fd lnp`tnb `s lnbbmg `otmrmst

7. Mo
Motr
trmp
mprm
rmoomu
murrsh
sh`p
`p “ th
thm
m sa
sa``bb `o
`o-l
-lh
hnr
nrem
em fd lf
lfck
ck`o
`o`o
`oee no
nog
g hno
nogb
gb`o
`oee
nbb fthmr mlfofc`l rmsfurlms tf km fd kmst usm1 pnycmot dfr thm usm
fd motrmprmomursh`p `s lnbbmg prfd`t
 4<

]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

Yrfgult`fo duolt`fo “ thm duolt`fonb rmbnt`fosh`p kmtwmmo futput nog thm
dnltfrs fd bnog, bnkfr, nog lnp`tnb
Yrfgult`fo lnpnl`ty “ thm e`vmo ncfuot fd bnog, bnkfr, nog lnp`tnb rmsfurlms
thnt n lfcpnoy lno usm nt n e`vmo t`cm

Wftnb Yrfgult “ thm fvmrnbb prfgult`fo fd smvmrnb uo`ts fd n e`vmo `oput

Cnre`onb Yrfgult “ thm ngg`t`fonb futput prfgulmg ky no ngg`t`fonb uo`t fd
thm `oput
Nvmrnem Yrfgult “ thm nvmrnem lfotr`kut`fo pmr uo`t fd `oput
Bnw fd G`c`o`sh`oe [mturos “ `s `o rmdmrmolm tf thm g`c`o`sh`oe vnbums fd thm
Cnre`onb Yrfgult

Yrfgult`v`ty “ thm rnt`f fd futput tf `oput1 cmnsurms hfw culh mnlh uo`t fd
`oput lno prfgulm nog hfw wmbb `t `s ut`b`zmg
[mturos tf \lnbm “ thm lfcpnr`sfo kmtwmmo thm `olrmnsm `o thm uo`ts fd
futput w`th thm `olrmnsm `o thm uo`ts fd thm `oput

Dfuognt`fo fd Mlfofc`ls
Gmcnog “ thm w`bb`oeomss fd thm lfosucmr tf kuy n lfccfg`ty nt n e`vmo
pr`lm
Bnw fd Gmcnog “ thmrm `s no `ovmrsm rmbnt`fosh`p kmtwmmo thm pr`lm fd n
effg nog thm gmcnog dfr thnt effg

Lmtmr`s pnr`kus “ ‒nbb fthmr th`oes rmcn`o`oe lfostnot–

Ofo-pr`lm gmtmrc`onots fd gmcnog:

>. @olfcm 7. Yr`lm fd n rmbntmg effg
;. Wnstm =. Yfpubnt`fo
<. Mxpmltnt`fos fo duturm
pr`lms nog `olfcm

\uppby “ thm ncfuot fd n lfccfg`ty nvn`bnkbm dfr snbm

Bnw fd \uppby “ thmrm `s n g`rmlt rmbnt`fosh`p kmtwmmo thm pr`lm fd n effg
nog thm suppby dfr thnt effg

Ofo pr`lm gmtmrc`onots fd suppby:

>. Ouckmr fd smbbmrs

;. @cprfvmg
<. Lfst tmlhofbfey
fd prfgult`fo
 47

]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

Mqu`b`kr`uc “ thm stntm fd knbnolm1 nttn`omg whmo thmrm `s n pf`ot whmrm
gmcnog `s mqunb tf thm suppby

\hfrtnem “ whmo thm gmcnog mxlmmgs suppby

\urpbus “ whmo thm suppby mxlmmgs gmcnog

Db
Dbff
ffrr pr
pr`l
`lm
m “ thm
thm c`
c`o`
o`cu
cuc
c pr
pr`l
`lm
m nt wh
wh`l
`lh
h sm
smbb
bbmr
mrss ln
lno
o fd
fddm
dmrr th
thm`
m`rr ef
effg
fgss
dfr snbm
“ thm smbbmr lnooft smbb futput nt n pr`lm thnt `s bfwmr thno
thm dbffr pr`lm
“ dfr thm kmomd`t fd thm smbbmr/prfgulmr

Lm`b`oe
Lm`b`oe pr`lm “ tthm
hm cn
cnx`
x`cu
cuccp pr`
r`lm
lm nt wh
wh`l
`lh
h ssmb
mbbm
bmrs
rs lno
lno f
fdd
ddmr
mr th
thm`r
m`r eff
effgs
gs
dfr snbm
“ thm smbbmr lnooft smbb futput nt n pr`lm thnt `s h`ehmr thno
thm lm`b`oe pr`lm
“ dfr thm kmomd`t fd thm kuymr/lfosucmr

Mbnst`l`ty fd gmcnog
>. Yr`lm mbnst`l`ty fd gmcnog “ thm gmermm fd rmspfos`vmomss fd qunot`ty
gmcnogmg dfr n effg tf n lhnoem `o thm pr`lm fd thm effg `tsmbd

Wwf cmnsurms fd pr`lm mbnst`l`ty f.g.:

n. Yf
Yf`o
`ott m
mbn
bnst
st`l
`l`t
`tyy “ th
thm
mg gme
merm
rmm
m fdfd m
mbn
bnst
st`l
`l`t
`tyy f
foo n s`
s`oe
oebm
bm pf
pf`o
`ott f
foo tthm
hm
gmcnog lurvm
k. Nr
Nrll mb
mbns
nst`
t`l`
l`ty
ty “ ththm
m mb
mbns
nst`
t`l`
l`ty
ty ddrf
rfc
c fo
fomm pf
pf`o
`ott tf no
noft
fthm
hmrr pf
pf`o
`ott fo th
thm
m
gmcnog lurvm

% lhnoem (Ç) `o gmcnog ? % Ç `o pr`lm 3 lfmdd`l`mot fd pr`lm mbnst`l`ty `s

ermntmr thno >1 gmcnog `s mbnst`l (fr rmspfos`vm tf pr`lm lhnoems)
% Ç `o gmcnog 2 % Ç `o pr`lm 3 lfmdd`l`mot fd p.m. `s bmssmr thno >1 gmcnog
`s `ombnst`l
% Ç `o gmcnog 3 % Ç `o pr`lm 3 lfmdd`l`mot fd p.m. `s mqunb tf >1 gmcnog `s
uo`tnry mbnst`l

No mbnst`l gmcnog cmnos thnt thm effgs nrm ofo-mssmot`nb, dfr mxncpbm,
lhflfbntms.
No `ombnst`l gmcnog cmnos thnt thm effgs nrm mssmot`nb, dfr mxncpbm,
r`lm.
 4=

]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

;. @olfcm mbnst`l`ty fd gmcnog - thm gmermm fd rmspfos`vmomss fd qunot`ty
gmcnogmg dfr n effg tf n lhnoem `o thm `olfcm fd thm pmfpbm gmcnog`oe
thm effg

Ofrcnb effgs “ Ns `olfcm `olrmnsms, thm gmcnog dfr thm ofrcnb effg
`olrmnsms. Mxncpbms: lbfthms, dnstdffg cmnbs
- hns n pfs`t`vm s`eo tf `og`lntm thm pfs`t`vm rmbnt`fosh`p kmtwmmo `olfcm
nog gmcnog dfr thm ofrcnb effg

@odmr`fr effgs “ Ns `olfcm `olrmnsms, thm gmcnog dfr thm `odmr`fr effg
gmlrmnsms. Mxncpbms: uany-uany lbfthms, gr`mg d`sh
- hns n oment`vm s`eo tf `og`lntm thm oment`vm rmbnt`fosh`p kmtwmmo `olfcm
nog gmcnog dfr thm `odmr`fr effg

<. Lrfss Mbnst`l`ty fd gmcnog - thm gmermm fd rmspfos`vmomss fd qunot`ty

gmcnogmg fd n effg whmo n lhnoem `o pr`lm tnams pbnlm `o nofthmr effg

Cnramt strulturms “ thm `otmrlfoomltmg nttr`kutms fd n cnramt

Ymrdmlt lfcpmt`t`fo “ thm `gmnb dfrc kut g`dd`lubt tf nttn`o

Lhnrnltmr`st`ls:
>. Yb
Ybur
urnb
nb`t
`tyy f
fdd k
kuy
uymr
mrss nog
nog smb
smbbmr
bmrs1
s1 <. Ymr
Ymrdml
dmltt c
cfk
fk`b`b`t
`tyy f
fdd rrms
msfu
furl
rlms
ms11
;. Hfcfemom`ty fd effgs1 7. Ymrdmlt aofwbmgem fd cnramt
lfog`t`fos

Gmcnog lurvm: strn`eht hfr`zfotnb b`om1 gmcnog `s pmrdmltby mbnst`l1 smbbmr

lno smbb noy ouckmr fd futput nt thnt e`vmo pr`lm

@cpmrdmlt lfcpmt`t`fo
>. Cf
Cfof
ofpf
pfbby “ wh
whmr
mrm
m n s`oe
s`oebbm dd``rc `s th
thm
m fo
foby
by su
supp
ppbb`mr
`mr fd n ef
effg
fg/s
/smr
mrvv`l
`lm
m
nog thmrm nrm of lbfsm sukst`tutms
“ hns lfcpbmtm lfotrfb f fdd thm cnramt nog fd thm pr`lm fd h`s /
hmr effg fr smrv`lm
“ cfst mxtrmcm lnsm fd `cpmrdmlt lfcpmt`t`fo

;. Cfofpfb`st`l llffcpmt`t`fo “ whmr mrm

m n rmbnt`vmby bn
bnrem o
ou
uck
ckmr
mr fd
smbbmrs fddmr rmbnt`vmby lbfsm sukst`tutms fd mnlh fthmr
“ wfras uogmr thm lfolmpt fd prfgult g`ddmrmot`nt`fo “ thm lrmnt`fo
fd vnr`nt`fos fd n prfgult
“ Lfcpmt`t`fo gfms oft dflus foby fo pr`lm kut nbsf fo qunb`ty
qunb`ty,,
ngvmrt`s`oe, nog snbms prfcft`fo.
Ngvnotnem: Lfosucmrs hnvm n w`gm rnoem fd prfgults tf lhffsm
 drfc.
44

]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

<. Cf
Cfof
ofppsf
sfo
oy “ wh
whmr
mrm
m th
thm
m eff
ffg/
g/sm
smrv
rv`l
`lm
m `s sfu
sfueh
ehtt fo
foby
by ky fo
fom
m ku
kuyymr
mr,,
whmrm hm/shm g`ltntms h`s/hmr tmrcs tf `ts smbbmrs.

7. Fb`efpfby “ whmrmrmm n sc
scnbb o
ou
uck
ckmr
mr fd dd``rcs ssm
mbb m
m``thmr h
hf
fcfemo
mof
fus
fr g`ddmrmot`ntmg prfgults
- D`rcs, fd nkfut twf tf >=, tmog tf hnvm no `otmrgmpmogmolm ncfoe
thmcsmbvms.
- lno km mxpfsmg tf hnv`oe futput rmstr`lt`fo nog `otmronb
`omdd`l`moly

Cnlrfmlfofc`ls

Mcp b fycm ot “ thm usm fd mlfofc`ls `o thm prfgult`fo fd effgs

nog smrv`lms
Db fw “ thm `olfcm mnromg fvmr n pnrt`lubnr pmr`fg
\ t fl a “ thm `olfcm mnromg nt n e`vmo pf`ot `o t`cm
[nw cntmr`nbs “ thm uoprflmssmg effgs
@ otmr cmg` ntm “ thm smc`-prflmssmg effgs, wh`lh nrm oft rmngy

eD`fofngb seffgs “ tyhmmt tefffkgmslrfmonsguycdmfgr g`rmlt lfosucpt`fo

@odbfw “ lno rn`sm thm bmvmb fd mlfofc`l nlt`v`ty w`th`o thm dbfw
Futdbfw “ lno bfwmr thm bmvmb fd mlfofc`l nlt`v`ty w`th`o thm dbfw
Mxncpbms fd futdbfws:
>. \nv`oes “ thm pfrt`fo fd `olfcm thnt `s smt ns`gm, oft dfr
lfosucpt`fo ymt
;. Wnxms “ thm pfrt`fo fd `olfcm thnt `s e`vmo tf thm
efvmrocmot1 lnooft km usmg uot`b thm bnttmr cnams
sfcmth`oe fut fd `t
<. @cpfrts “ thm purlhnsms cngm drfc df dfrrm`
m`eeo prfgult`fo1 thm
pfrt`fo fd `olfcm efms tf nofthmr lfuotry

Erfss Gfcmst`l Yrfgult “ thm cmnsurmcmot dfr thm prfgult`vm nlt`v`t`ms `o

thm mlfofcy w`th`o thm lfuotry.
EGY 3 Enwn G`tf sn Y`b`p`ons

Erfss Ont`fonb Yrfgult “ thm cmnsurmcmot dfr nbb d`onb prfgults prfgulmg
ky thm rmsfurlms fd thm mlfofcy

EOY 3 Enwn Oe Y`b`p`of

 45

]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

EOY Nllfuot`oe

>. Mx
Mxpm
pmo
og`
g`tu
turm
rm Npp
pprrfn
fnlh
lh “ lf
lfcp
cput
ut`o
`oee th
thm
m EO
EOY
Y ky lb
lbns
nss`
s`dy
dy`o
`oee th
thm
m d`on
d`onbb
effgs nllfrg`oe tf thm`r mog usm

Lfcpfomots:
n. Lfosucpt`fo (L) “ thm spmog`oe fd hfusmhfbgs
k. Efvmrocmot ssp
pmog`oe ((E
E) “ spmog`oe ddf
fr thm o
of
fo-
lnp`tnb effgs tf cn`otn`o thm fpmrnt`fos fd thm
ont`fonb nog bflnb efvmrocmot uo`ts
l. @ovmstcmot ((@@) “ spmog`oe ddf
fr tth
hm llnnp`tnb eef
ffgs ddf
fr u
ussm ``o
o
lfosucpt`fo
g. Omt Mxpfrts “ Mxpfrts c`ous @cpfrts

;. @olfcm Npprfnlh “ lfcput`oe tth hm E

EO
OY k
kyy tth
hm ttf
ftnb ``o
olfcms mnromg
ky hfusmhfbgs `o n ont`fo `o n ymnr

Lurrmot EOY “ EOY mxprmssmg `o lurrmot cnramt pr`lms

[mnb EOY “ EOY mxprmssmg `o n ymnr `o thm pnst dfr lfcpnr`sfo fd EOY vnbums
kmtwmmo thm ymnr fd rmdmrmolm nog lurrmot ymnr
Ymr Lnp`tn EOY “ EOY pmr cmckmr fd thm tftnb pfpubnt`fo

@odbnt`fo
thm phmofcmofo whmrm thmrm `s n lfot`ou`oe `olrmnsm `o pr`lms

Uhf en`os `o `odbnt`fo6

>. D b m x` k b m ` o l f c m m n r o m r s ,
;. \pmlubntfrs (fr hfnrgmrs),

<. Gmk tfr s

Uhf bfsms `o `odbnt`fo6
>. D` x m g `o l f c m m n r o m r s ,
;. Ymos `fomrs ,
<. Lr m g` tfr s

Wypms fd `odbnt`fo

>. Gmcnog Y Yu ubb @@o

odbnt`fo “ Wh`s ``ss wwhhmo mxlxlms
msss`vm ggmmcnog p puushms tth
hm
pr`lms fd effgs/smrv`lms upwnrg.
;. Lf
Lfst
st Yu
Yush
sh @o@odb
dbnt
nt`f
`foo “ Wh
Wh`s
`s `s whwhmo
mo `o
`olr
lrmn
mns`s`o
oe llfs
fsts
ts `o pr
prfg
fguul`
l`oe
oe ef
effg
fgss
nrm lnrr`mg fotf thm pr`lms fd thfsm effgs thmcsmbvms.
<. \trul
trultu
turn
rnbb @o
@odb
dbnt
nt`f
`fo
o “ Wh
Wh``s ``ss wh
whmo
mo th
thm
m llh
hno
noem
emss `o th
thmm sstr
trul
ultu
turm
rm fd th
thmm
 mlfofcy nddmlts thm pr`lms fd effgs.
48

]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

Fthmr lfolmpts

>. Gm
Gmdbdbnt
nt`f
`fo
o “ th
thmm em
emom
omrn
rnbb gm
gmlb
lb`o
`om
m `o pr
pr`l
`lms
ms11 ln
lnus
usmg
mg ky n rmrmggul
ult`
t`fo
fo `o
thm suppby fd cfomy fr `o spmog`oe
;. G`
G`ss`o
`odb
dbnt
nt`f
`fo
o “ n sbfw
sbfw``oe fd ththm
m rnt
rntm
m nntt w
wh`h`lh
lh pr
pr`l
`lms
ms `o
`ollrm
rmns
nsm1
m1 us
usun
unbbby
fllurs gur`oe n rmlmss`fo
<. Hypmr`odbnt`fo “ thm mxtrmcmby rnp`g `odbnt`fo
7. \t
\tne
nedbdbnt
nt`f
`fo
o “ lf
lfog
og``t`fo
t`fo fd sbfw
sbfwbby er
erfw
fw`o `oee ml
mlfo
fofc
fc`l
`l er
erfw
fwth
th ku
kutt dn
dnst
st
erfw`oe pr`lms
=. \tneont`fo “ thm p
pm
mr`fg f
fdd bb``ttbm f
frr of m
mllfofc`l eerrfwth

D`slnb Yfb`ly

Efvmrocmot Mlfofc`l Duolt`fos

>. Whm efvmrocmot `s n tnx lfbbmltfr.
n. @olfcm tnx “ tnx `cpfsmg fo `olfcms fd ``o og`v`gunbs nog
kus`omssms
k. Ymrsfonb `o
`olfcm tnx “ Wnx f fo
o ``o
olfcms m
mnnromg k
kyy ``o
og`v`gunbs
l. Lfrpfrntm ``o olfcm ttnnx “ Wnx llf fbbmltmg ddrrfc k ku
us`omssms
g. [mnbty tnx “ Wnx `cpfsmg fo prfpmrty
m. Mstntm tnx “ Wnx p pnn`g ky thm h hmm`rs fd ``o
ohmrmr``tmg prfpmrty
d. Lnp`tnb eenn`os ttnnx “ Wnx ppnn`g k
kyy ssm
mbbmrs ffdd rrm
mnb p
prrfpmrty
e. Lfccuo`ty tnx “ Wnx pn`g ky thm rms` s`g
gmo
motts fd thm lfuotry1
nbsf aofwo ns rms`gmolm lmrt`d`lntm fr lmgubn
h. Wnr`dd “ Wnx ``cp
cpf fsmg f fo
o ``cp
cpfr
frtts ddrrfc dfrm`eo llfu fuo
otr`ms
`. Ng vnbfrmc tnx “ Wnx `cpfsmg fo buxury `cpfrtmg effgs
j.
j. \`o tnx “ Wnx `cpfrtmg nblfhfb`l b`qufrs nog l`enrmt l`enrmttms
tms
a. Tnbum Nggmg Wnx “ Wnx cna`oe thm pr`lm fd eff ffggs h`ehmr
mr11

fr`e`onbby
Mxpnogmg smt nt >9%
Tnbum fd Wnx,
Nggmg thm vnbum fd thm
`t `s ofw effg/smrv`lm1 U`th
nt >;%

;. Whm efvmrocmot `s n k`e spmogmr.

<. Whm efvmrocmot `s no `ovmstfr.
7. Whm efvmrocmot `s n kfrrfwmr.

Lbnss`d`lnt`fo fd Wnxms

>. G`
G`rrml
mltt ttnnxms “ Wnxms bbm
mv`mg fo pm pmfp
fpbmbm no
nog
g tth
hmy pny tthm
hm tnx g
g`r
`rml
mltb
tbyy
tf n tnx-lfbbmlt`oe nemoly
;. @o
@og`
g`rrml
mltt ttnnxms “ W
Wnnxms bmv`
bmv`m
mg nneen`
n`os
ostt eeff
ffgs
gs//sm
smrv
rv`l
`lm
ms nnog
og fo pm
pmfp
fpbm
bm
`og`rmltby
 40

]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

\ystmc fd Wnxnt`fo

>. [me
merrmss
ss`v
`vm
mW Wnnx - Wh
Whm
m rrnntm ffdd ttnnxnt`fo
t`fo gm
gmlr
lrm
mnsms nnss tthm
hm `o
`ollfc
fcm mffdd
tnxpnymrs `olrmnsms.
;. Yr
Yrfe
ferrmss
ss`v
`vm
mW Wnnx “ Wh
Whmm rrnntm ffdd ttnnxnt`fo
t`fo `o
`olr
lrmn
mnssms nnss tth
hm ``ol
olfc
fcm mf
fdd
tnxpnymr `olrmnsms.
<. Yr
Yrfp
fpfr
frt`
t`fo
fonb
nb Wnx “ Wh
Whmm rrnntm f fdd tnxnt`fo
t`fo `s `o pr
prfp
fpfr
frt`t`fo
fo tf th
thm
m
`olfcm fd tnxpnymr.

Whm Efvmrocmot Kugemt

>. Gmd`
d`ll`t ku
kugemt “ w
wh
hmo eef
fvmr
mro
ocmo
mott m
mxxpmog`turm/s
m/spmog`oe m mxlxlm
mmgs
efvmrocmot rmvmoum
;. \urpbus k ku
ugemt “ whmo eef
fvmrocmo
mott rrmv
mvmo
mou
um mmxxlmmg
mgss eef
fvmrocmot
mxpmog`turm/spmog`oe
<. Knbnolmg kugemt “ whmo efvmrocmot mx mxp
pmo
mog
g`turm/s
/sppmomog
g ` oe
mqunbs efvmrocmot rmvmoum

Wypms fd D`slnb Yfb`ly

>. Mx
Mxpn
pnos
os``fo
fonr
nryy d`sl
d`slnb
nb pf
pfb`
b`ly
ly “ @t `s whwhmo
mo th
thm
m ef
efvm
vmro
rocm
cmot
ot usm
smss d`sl
d`slnb
nb
pfb`ly tf `olrmnsm thm ncfuot fd cfomy nvn`bnkbm tf thm
pfpubnt`fo.
;. Lf
Lfootrnl
trnlt`
t`fo
fonr
nryy d`sl
d`slnb
nb pfb
fb`l
`lyy “ @t `s wh
whmo
mo th
thm
m ef
efvm
vmro
rocm
cmot
ot usm
smss d`sl
d`slnb
nb
pfb`ly tf gmlrmnsm thm ncfuot fd cfomy nvn`bnkbm tf thm
pfpubnt`fo.

Cfomy nog Cfomtnry Yfb`ly

@ovmstcmot mxpmog`turm “ thm lnp`tnb spmog`oe thnt `s gmr`vmg drfc

nllucubntmg snv`oes nog fthmr sfurlms mxtmronb tf thm l`rlubnr dbfw

\nv`oes “ thm uospmot pfrt`fo fd `olfcm1 smt ns`gm ns stfla dfr duturm usm

Gmtmrc`onots fd snv`oes:
>. Yr`lm bmvmb ;. Yfpubnt`fo erfwth <. @olfcm bmvmb

Gmtmrc`onots fd `ovmstcmot:
>. \n v` o e s bm vm b s
;. @o t m r m s t rn t m s
<. @ oo fv nt ` f os
7. Yrfd`t
 =. Mx p ml tnt` f o s
59

]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

Cfomy “ noyth`oe fd vnbum thnt `s emomrnbby nllmptmg ns n cmg`uc fd
mxlhnoem nog stnognrg fd vnbum

Duolt`fos fd cfomy

>. Cmg`
mg`uc ffdd m
mxlxlhhno
noeem “ tf ffkktn`o f fw
womrsh`p f fdd eef
ffgs nno
og ssmr
mrvv`lms
;. \tnognrg ffdd vvnnbum “ thm kknns`s f
fdd p
pu
utt`oe vvnnbum f
foo eef
ffgs
<. \tfrm fd vnbum “ shfubg km nkbm tf rmtn`o vnbum
7. \tnognrg f
fdd g
gm
mdmrrmg p
pnnycmo
mott “ n c
cm
mnos ttf
fppnny f
fddd f
fo
om‐s g
gm
mkt

Knoeaf \motrnb oe Y`b`p`ons - Whm pr`cnry fkjmlt`vm fd thm Knoeaf \motrnb `s

tf cn`otn`o pr`lm stnk`b`ty lfogul`vm tf n knbnolmg nog sustn`onkbm erfwth
fd thm mlfofcy. @t shnbb nbsf prfcftm nog cn`otn`o cfomtnry stnk`b`ty nog
thm lfovmrt`k`b`ty fd thm pmsf (drfc [N 54=<).

Mbmcmots fd thm Yh`b`pp`om Mlfofcy

Lfccmrlm “ thm trng`oe fd effgs nog smrv`lms

@ogustry “ thm cnoudnltur`oe fd n effg
Kus`omss Freno`znt`fos

>. \fbm Yrfpr`mt

mtf
frsh`p “ n pmrsfo whf fwos thm kus`oms msss nog `s
pmrsfonbby rmspfos`kbm dfr nbb nlt`v`t`ms `o h`s/hmr kus`omss
;. Ynrtomrsh`p “ no nneermm
mmc
cmomott rrm
msubt`oe ddrrfc ttw
wf f
frr c
cf frm p
pmr
mrssfos ``o
o
wh`lh thmy lfck`om thm`r rmsfurlms `o n kus`omss
<. Lfrpfrnt`fo - n erfup f fdd p
pm
mfpbm nnuuthfr`zmg tf nnllt nnss n s`oebm mmo
ot`ty
kut thm fwomrs nrm smpnrntmg nog g`st`olt

7. L ffpmrnt`rmsfurlms
nvn`bnkbm vm “ no md
mdddtf
frt`cprfvm
df
dfrr n jf`othm`r
t usm`olfcm
fd nbb fd thm cmc
mck
kmr
mrss‐

Kus`omss lylbm “ smqumolm fd mlfofc`l nlt`v`t`ms `o n ont`fo‐s mlfofcy

Dfur phnsms: [mlmss`fo “ [mlfvmry “ Erfwth “ Gmlb`om

Dnltfrs thnt shnpm thm kus`omss lylbm

>. mlfofc`l ddf frlms, bb``am pprrfgult`v`ty

;. Yfb
fb``t`l
`lnnb ddnl
nlttfr
frss1 mbml
mbmltt`fo fd o
omw
mw fdd`l
dd`l``nb
nbss w`th omw pfb`l
`l``ms
<. Efvmrocmot lfotrfb fd cfomy
 5>

]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

Dnltfrs futs`gm thm kus`omss lylbm

>. E f vm r oc m ot p f b` l `m s
;. @otmront`fonb trngm nog lfcpmt`t`fo
<. @ o t m r o n t` f on b m x p f su r m
7. L f o s u c mr g mc n o g
=. @ oo fv nt ` f os

Dnltfrs `otmronb tf thm mlfofcy

>. v fb n t` b ` ty f d ` o v m s tcm o t s p m o g ` o e
;. cfcmotuc
<. t m l h o fb f e` ln b ` o o f v nt ` fo s
7. v n r ` n t ` f o s ` o ` o v mo t f r ` ms

Fthmr dnltfrs

>. d b u l t un t ` f o s ` o e f v m r o c m o t s pm o g` o e
;. c fo m t nr y p fb ` l ` m s
<. Dbultunt`fos `o mxpfrts nog `cpfrts

Yr`vnt`znt`fo “ trnosdmr fd fwomrsh`p drfc thm pukb`l smltfr tf pr`vntm smltfr

Ngvnotnems:
>. Cf
Cfrm
rm mmdd
dd`l
`l`m
`mo
ot ggmb
mb`v
`vmr
mryy fd
fd eeff
ffgs
gs nonog
g ssmr
mrv`
v`lm
lmss
;. Cfrm mdd`l`mot cnonemcmot
<. Kmt
mtttmr smr
mrvv`lm no
nogg nl
nlllfu
fuo
otnk
nk``b`ty
7. Gmlrmnsm ``o o llf
frrupt`fo

Gfcmst`l Wrngm
C`ggbmcno “ n pmrsfo whf nlts ns no `otmrcmg`nry fr nemot kmtwmmo thm
prfgulmr/s nog thm lfosucmr/s

Wypms fd c`ggbmcno

>. Jfkkmr “ kkuuys ddrrfc w wh

hfbms
msnnbmrs nnoog ssmb
mbbbs ttf
f rrm
mtn`bmrs wwh hf nnrrmo‐t
emomrnbby smrvmg ky thm whfbmsnbmrs
;. Uhf
hfbm
bmsn
snbm
bmrr “ ku
kuys
ys dr
drfc
fc pr
prfg
fguulm
lmrs
rs nog
nog sm
smbbbs th
thmc
mc,, ``o
o ku
kubaba,, ttf
f rrmt
mtn`
n`bm
bmrrs
<. [mtn`bmr “ kuys eef ffgs, ``o
okkuuba, ddrrfc tth
hm p prrfgulmrs f frr cc``ggbmc mcmo
mo,,
nog smbb thmc, `o st`bb scnbbmr qunot`t`ms, g`rmltby tf thm lfosucmrs
 5;

]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

Ofo-stfrm rmtn`b`oe “ rmtn`b`oe futs`gm rmtn`b stfrms1 usunbby gfom thrfueh
`otmromt, lntnbfes, phfom, up tf gffr-tf-gffr smbb`oe

]ogmrerfuog mlfofcy “ thm uormpfrtmg mlfofc`l nlt`v`t`ms1 b`am thfsm fd

s`gmwnba vmogfrs

Dfrm`eo Wrngm

Bnw fd Nksfbutm Ngvnotnem - thm nk`b`ty fd no `og`v`gunb, n d`rc, fr lfuotry

tf prfgulm n ermntmr qunot`ty fd n effg fr smrv`lm thno fthmr lfcpmt`tfrs1
lrul`nb dfr n lfuotry tf `gmot`dy whnt rmsfurlm/effg/smrv`lm thnt `t lno fddmr
tf wfrbg trngm

Bnw fd Lfcpnrnt`vm Ngvnotnem “ stntms thnt n lfuotry shfubg spml`nb`zm `o

thm prfgult`fo fd effgs `o wh`lh thmy hnvm n ermntmr lfcpnrnt`vm ngvnotnem,
nog shfubg `cpfrt thm effgs `o wh`lh thmy hnvm thm bmssmr ngvnotnem

\pml`nb`znt`fo “ whmo pmfpbm/lfuotr`ms lfolmotrntm thm`r mddfrts fo n

pnrt`lubnr smt fd tnsas
Knsms dfr `otmront`fonb trngm
>. Onturnb rmsfurlms
;. Y rf g ul t g `d d m r m o t `n t `f o
<. G`ddmrmolm ``o o tm lh o fb f ey
7. G`dd
G`ddmr
mrmo
molm
lm `o gm gmcn cnog og =. Mo Motr
trmp
mprm
rmom
omur
ursh
sh`p
`p 4. Bn
Bnkf
kfrr rm
rmsf
sfur
urlm
lm

Mlfofc`l Erfwth nog Gmvmbfpcmot

Mlfofc`l
Mlfofc`l erfwth “ cmnsurmg
gmvmbfpcmot `o tmrcs
“ lfvmrs fd `olrmnsms
mlfofc`l `o futput
erfwth fr `o
nog thm prfgult`fo
prflmssms ky
wh`lh n ont`fo `cprfvms thm mlfofc`l, pfb`t`lnb, nog sfl`nb wmbb-km`oe fd
`ts pmfpbm

@og`lntfrs fd mlfofc`l gmvmbfpcmot

>. Whm EOY
;. Erfwth `o `olfcm
<. M x t m o t f d ` o g us t r ` n b ` z n t ` f o
7. ]omcpbfycmot rntm
=. \fl`nb `og`lntfrs

\ustn`onkbm gmvmbfpcmot “ ‒…cmmts thm ommgs fd thm prmsmot w`thfut

lfcprfc`s`oe thm nk`b`ty fd duturm emomrnt`fos tf cmmt thm`r fwo ommgs–
(drfc thm Kruogtbnog Lfcc`ss`fo)
5<

]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

>085 YH@B@YY@OM
LFO\W@W]W@FO
 57

]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

Y[MNCKBM

Um, thm sfvmrm`eo D`b`p`of pmfpbm, `cpbfr`oe thm n`g fd Nbc`ehty Efg, `o
frgmr tf ku`bg n just nog hucnom sfl`mty nog mstnkb`sh n Efvmrocmot thnt
shnbb mckfgy fur `gmnbs nog nsp`rnt`fos, prfcftm thm lfccfo effg,
lfosmrvm nog gmvmbfp fur pntr`cfoy, nog smlurm tf fursmbvms nog fur
pfstmr`ty thm kbmss`oes fd `ogmpmogmolm nog gmcflrnly uogmr thm rubm fd
bnw nog n rme`cm fd truth, just`lm, drmmgfc, bfvm, mqunb`ty, nog pmnlm, gf
frgn`o nog prfcubentm th`s Lfost`tut`fo.

N[W@LBM @: Ont`fonb Wmrr`tfry

Whm ont`fonb tmrr`tfry lfcpr`sms thm Yh`b`pp`om nrlh`pmbnef, w`th nbb thm
`sbnogs nog wntmrs mckrnlmg thmrm`o, nog nbb fthmr tmrr`tfr`ms fvmr wh`lh
thm Yh`b`pp`oms hns sfvmrm`eoty fr jur`sg`lt`fo, lfos`st`oe fd `ts tmrrmstr`nb,
dbuv`nb, nog nmr`nb gfcn`os, `olbug`oe `ts tmrr`tfr`nb smn, thm smnkmg, thm
suksf`b, thm `osubnr shmbvms, nog fthmr sukcnr`om nrmns. Whm wntmrs nrfuog,
kmtwmmo, nog lfoomlt`oe thm `sbnogs fd thm nrlh`pmbnef, rmenrgbmss fd thm`r
krmngth nog g`cmos`fos, dfrc pnrt fd thm `otmronb wntmrs fd thm Yh`b`pp`oms.
N[W@LBM @@: Gmlbnrnt`fo fd Yr`ol`pbms nog \tntm Yfb`l`ms

Yr`ol`pbms
- Yh`b`pp`oms `s n gmcflrnt`l nog rmpukb`lno \tntm.
- Whm Yh`b`pp`oms rmofuolms wnr ns no `ostrucmot fd ont`fonb pfb`ly, ngfpts
thm emomrnbby nllmptmg pr`ol`pbms fd `otmront`fonb bnw ns pnrt fd thm bnw fd
thm bnog…
- L`v`b`no nuthfr`ty `s, nt nbb t`cms, suprmcm fvmr thm c`b`tnry. Whm Nrcmg

Dfrlms fd thmguty
- Whm pr`cm Yh`b`pp`oms `s thm prftmltfr
fd thm Efvmrocmot `s tf fd thm nog
smrvm pmfpbm nog thm
prftmlt thm \tntm.
pmfpbm.
- Whm cn`otmonolm fd pmnlm nog frgmr, thm prftmlt`fo fd b`dm, b`kmrty, nog
prfpmrty, nog thm prfcft`fo fd thm emomrnb wmbdnrm nrm mssmot`nb dfr thm
mojfycmot ky nbb thm pmfpbm fd thm kbmss`oes fd gmcflrnly.
- Whm smpnrnt`fo fd Lhurlh nog \tntm shnbb km `ov`fbnkbm.
\tntm Yfb`l`ms
- Whm \tntm shnbb pursum no `ogmpmogmot dfrm`eo pfb`ly. @o `ts rmbnt`fos w`th
fthmr stntms thm pnrncfuot lfos`gmrnt`fo shnbb km ont`fonb sfvmrm`eoty,
tmrr`tfr`nb `otmer`ty, ont`fonb `otmrmst, nog thm r`eht tf smbd-gmtmrc`ont`fo.
- Whm Yh`b`pp`oms, lfos`stmot w`th thm ont`fonb `otmrmst, ngfpts nog pursums
n pfb`ly fd drmmgfc drfc oulbmnr wmnpfos `o `ts tmrr`tfry.
 5=

]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

N[W@LBM @@@: K`bb fd [`ehts

- Of pmrsfo
pm rsfo shnbb km gmpr`vmg fd b`dm, b`b`kmrty
kmrty,, fr prfpmrty w`thfut gum prflmss
fd bnw, ofr shnbb noy pmrsfo km gmo`mg thm mqunb prftmlt`fo fd thm bnws.

- Whm r`eht fd thm pmfpbm tf km smlurm `o thm`r pmrsfos, hfusms, pnpmrs, nog
mddmlts nen`ost uormnsfonkbm smnrlhms nog sm`zurms fd whntmvmr onturm nog
dfr noy purpfsm shnbb km `ov`fbnkbm, nog of smnrlh wnrrnot fr wnrrnot fd
nrrmst shnbb `ssum mxlmpt upfo prfknkbm lnusm tf km gmtmrc`omg pmrsfonbby
ky thm jugem ndtmr mxnc`ont`fo uogmr fnth fr ndd`rcnt`fo fd thm lfcpbn`onot
nog thm w`tomssms hm cny prfgulm, nog pnrt`lubnrby gmslr`k`oe thm pbnlm tf
km smnrlhmg nog thm pmrsfos fr th`oes tf km sm`zmg.

- Whm pr`vnly fd lfccuo`lnt`fo nog lfrrmspfogmolm shnbb km `ov`fbnkbm

mxlmpt upfo bnwdub frgmr fd thm lfurt, fr whmo pukb`l sndmty fr frgmr rmqu`rms
fthmrw`sm ns prmslr`kmg ky bnw.
-Of bnw shnbb km pnssmg nkr`ge`oe thm drmmgfc fd spmmlh, fd mxprmss`fo, fr
fd thm prmss, fr thm r`eht fd thm pmfpbm pmnlmnkby tf nssmckbm nog pmt`t`fo
thm efvmrocmot dfr rmgrmss fd er`mvnolms.
- Of bnw shnbb km cngm rmspmlt`oe
rmspm lt`oe no mstnkb`shcmot fd rmb`e`fo, fr prfh`k`t`oe
thm drmm mxmrl`sm thmrmfd. Whm drmm mxmrl`sm nog mojfycmot fd rmb`e`fus
prfdmss`fo nog wfrsh`p, w`thfut g`slr`c`ont`fo fr prmdmrmolm, shnbb dfrmvmr
km nbbfwmg. Of rmb`e`fus tmst shnbb km rmqu`rmg dfr thm mxmrl`sm fd l`v`b fr
pfb`t`lnb r`ehts.

- Whm r`eht fd thm pmfpbm tf `odfrcnt`fo fo cnttmrs fd pukb`l lfolmro shnbb

km rmlfeo`zmg. Nllmss tf fdd`l`nb rmlfrgs, nog tf gflucmots, nog pnpmrs
pmrtn`o`oe tf fdd`l`nb nlts, trnosnlt`fos, fr gml`s`fos, ns wmbb ns tf efvmrocmot
rmsmnrlh gntn usmg ns kns`s dfr pfb`ly gmvmbfpcmot, shnbb km nddfrgmg thm
l`t`zmo, sukjmlt tf sulh b`c`tnt`fos ns cny km prfv`gmg ky bnw.

- Whm r`eht fd thm pmfpbm, `olbug`oe thfsm mcpbfymg `o thm pukb`l nog pr`vntm
smltfrs, tf dfrc uo`fos, nssfl`nt`fos, fr sfl`mt`ms dfr purpfsms oft lfotrnry
tf bnw shnbb oft km nkr`gemg.
- Yr`vntm prfpmrty shnbb oft km tnamo dfr pukb`l usm w`thfut just lfcpmosnt`fo.
- Of bnw `cpn`r`oe thm fkb`ent`fo fd lfotrnlts shnbb km pnssmg.
-Drmm nllmss tf thm lfurts nog quns`-jug`l`nb kfg`ms nog ngmquntm bmenb
nss`stnolm shnbb oft km gmo`mg tf noy pmrsfo ky rmnsfo fd pfvmrty.
- Noy pmrsfo uogmr `ovmst`ent`fo dfr thm lfcc`ss`fo fd no fddmosm shnbb
hnvm thm r`eht tf km `odfrcmg fd h`s r`eht tf rmcn`o s`bmot nog tf hnvm
lfcpmtmot nog `ogmpmogmot lfuosmb prmdmrnkby fd h`s fwo lhf`lm. @d thm
 54

]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

pmrsfo lnooft nddfrg thm smrv`lms fd lfuosmb, hm cust km prfv`gmg w`th
fom. Whmsm r`ehts lnooft km wn`vmg mxlmpt `o wr`t`oe nog `o thm prmsmolm fd
lfuosmb.

- Of tfrturm, dfrlm, v`fbmolm, thrmnt, `ot`c`gnt`fo, fr noy fthmr cmnos wh`lh

v`t`ntm thm drmm w`bb shnbb km usmg nen`ost h`c.
- Noy lfodmss`fo fr ngc`ss`fo fktn`omg `o v`fbnt`fo fd th`s fr \mlt`fo >5
hmrmfd shnbb km `ongc`ss`kbm `o mv`gmolm nen`ost h`c.

- Of pmrsfo shnbb km hmbg tf noswmr dfr n lr`c`onb fddmosm w`thfut gum

prflmss fd bnw.
- @o nbb lr`c`onb prfsmlut`fos, thm nllusmg shnbb km prmsucmg `ooflmot uot`b
thm lfotrnry `s prfvmg, nog shnbb mojfy thm r`eht tf km hmnrg ky h`csmbd nog
lfuosmb, tf km `odfrcmg fd thm onturm nog lnusm fd thm nllusnt`fo nen`ost
h`c, tf hnvm n spmmgy, `cpnrt`nb, nog pukb`l tr`nb, tf cmmt thm w`tomssms
dnlm tf dnlm, nog tf hnvm lfcpubsfry prflmss tf smlurm thm nttmognolm fd
w`tomssms nog thm prfgult`fo fd mv`gmolm `o h`s kmhnbd. Hfwmvmr, ndtmr
nrrn`eocmot, tr`nb cny prflmmg oftw`thstnog`oe thm nksmolm fd thm nllusmg
prfv`gmg thnt hm hns kmmo guby oft`d`mg nog h`s dn`burm tf nppmnr `s
uojust`d`nkbm.

- Whm pr`v`bmem fd thm wr`t fd hnkmns lfrpus shnbb oft km suspmogmg mxlmpt
`o lnsms fd `ovns`fo fr rmkmbb`fo whmo thm pukb`l sndmty rmqu`rms `t.
- Nbb pmrsfos shnbb hnvm thm r`eht tf n spmmgy g`spfs`t`fo fd thm`r lnsms kmdfrm
nbb jug`l`nb, quns`-jug`l`nb, fr ngc`o`strnt`vm kfg`ms.
- Of pmrsfo shnbb km lfcpmbbmg tf km n w`tomss nen`ost h`csmbd.
- Of pmrsfo shnbb km gmtn`omg sfbmby ky rmnsfo fd h`s pfb`t`lnb kmb`mds nog
nsp`rnt`fos.
- Of `ovfbuotnry smrv`tugm `o noy dfrc shnbb mx`st mxlmpt ns n puo`shcmot
dfr n lr`cm whmrmfd thm pnrty shnbb hnvm kmmo guby lfov`ltmg.

- Mxlmss`vm d`oms shnbb oft km `cpfsmg, ofr lrumb, gmerng`oe fr `ohucno

puo`shcmot `odb`ltmg. Om`thmr shnbb gmnth pmonbty km `cpfsmg, uobmss, dfr
lfcpmbb`oe rmnsfos `ovfbv`oe hm`ofus lr`cms, thm Lfoermss hmrmndtmr
prfv`gms dfr `t. Noy gmnth pmonbty nbrmngy `cpfsmg shnbb km rmgulmg tf
rmlbus`fo pmrpmtun.

- Whm mcpbfycmot fd phys`lnb, psylhfbfe`lnb, fr gmerng`oe puo`shcmot

nen`ost noy pr`sfomr fr gmtn`omm fr thm usm fd sukstnognrg fr `ongmquntm
pmonb dnl`b`t`ms uogmr sukhucno lfog`t`fos shnbb km gmnbt w`th ky bnw.

- Of mx pfst dnltf bnw fr k`bb fd nttn`ogmr (no nlt fd n bme`sbnturm gmlbnr`oe n

pmrsfo fr erfup fd pmrsfos eu`bty fd sfcm lr`cm nog puo`sh`oe thmc, fdtmo
55
w`thfut n tr`nb) shnbb km monltmg.

]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

EMOM[NB LBN\\@D@LN
L BN\\@D@LNW@FO
W@FO FD [@EHW\

>. On
Ontu
turn
rnb/
b/@o
@ohm
hmrm
rmotot [`
[`eh
ehts
ts “ EfEfg-
g-e`
e`vm
vmo
o r`r`eh
ehts
ts e`v
e`vmo tf huhucn
cno o km
km``oe
oess
ns hm lrmntmg us, kut thm \tntm gf oft lfodmr thmsm sf thmy hnvm tf
km ‘trnosbntmg‐ `otf cno-cngm bnws.
;. \tntu
tuttfr
fryy [[``eh
ehtts “ [
[``eh
ehtts nnss
ssu
urmg ky bbnnws pn
pnss
ssm
mg ky ththm
m ssttntm‐s
bme`sbnt`vm krnolh
<. Lfo
fost
st`t
`tut
ut``fo
fonb
nb [`
[`eh
ehts
ts “ [`[`eh
ehts
ts ns
nssu
surm
rmg,
g, `o`og`
g`ln
lntm
tmg,
g, no
nog
g pr
prft
ftmlmltm
tmgg ky
thm Lfost`tut`fo (pr`cnr`by dfuog `o `ts Nrt. @@@)

LBN\\@D@LNW@FO FD LFO\W@W]W@FONB [@EHW\

>. L`v
`v``b [`
[`eh
ehtsts “ eu
eunr
nrno
notm
tmms
ms th
thm
m rr``eh
ehtt fd l`
l`t`
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zmos
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smlu
lurm rm th
thm`
m`rr cm
cmnonoss
fd hnpp`omss
;. Yfb
fb`t
`t``ln
lnbb [`
[`eh
ehts
ts “ eu
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tmms
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thm m pn
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os `o ththm
m
ngc`o`strnt`fo fd thm`r efvmrocmot
<. [`ehts f fdd n gmdmo
mog
gnot “ r`ehts ttff n pmrsfo w wh hmo hm ``ss llh
hnrem
emggww``th n
lr`c`onb lnsm

[@EHW WF G]M Y[FLM\\ FD BNU

>. \uk
ukst
stno
not`
t`vm
vm gum pr
prfl
flms
msss “ n`cs
n`cs tf prf
rftm
tmlt
lt `o
`og
g`v
`v``gu
gunb
nbss ne
nen`
n`os
ostt pf
pfb`
b`ly
ly
monltcmots wh`lh mxlmmg thm b`c`ts fd efvmrocmotnb nuthfr`ty
;. Yrflmg
mgu
urnb g
gu
um p
prrflmss “ rmqu`rms tth
hm eef
fvmrocmot ttf f ddf
fbbfw ddnn`r
prflmgurms thnt nppby mqunbby tf mvmryfom

Unrrnot fd nrrmst “ no frgmr `o wr`t`oe `ssumg ky n jugem lfccnog`oe n

pmnlm fdd`lmr tf tnam n gms`eontmg pmrsfo `otf lustfgy `o frgmr thnt hm cny
km kfuog thm noswmr thm lfcc`ss`fo fd no fddmosm

\mnrlh wnrrnot “ no frgmr `o wr`t`oe `ssumg `o thm oncm fd thm Ymfpbm fd thm
Yh`b`pp`oms, s`eomg ky n jugem nog g`rmltmg tf n pmnlm fddmr, lfccnog`oe
h`c tf smnrlh dfr pmrsfonb prfpmrty gmslr`kmg thmrm`o nog kr`oe `t kmdfrm
thm lfurt

B`kmrty fd nkfgm “ no `og`v`gunb cny ku`bg h`s hfcm `o noy pbnlm thnt cny
nppmnb tf h`c

B`kmrty tf trnvmb “ no `og`v`gunb cny ef drfc fom pbnlm tf nofthmr, noyt`cm

fd thm ;7 hfurs.

L`t`zmosh`p “ thm bmenb stntus fd n pmrsfo `o rmbnt`fo tf thm stntm

 58
Ont`fonb`ty “ thm mtho`l fr`e`o fd n pmrsfo

]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

Jus snoeu`o`s “ kns`s fd l`t`zmosh`p `s thm kbffg rmbnt`fosh`p1 thm pr`ol`pbm
thnt fur Lfost`tut`fo ngfpts

Jus sfb` “ kns`s fd l`t`zmosh`p `s thm pbnlm fd k`rth

@O\WNOLM\ FD \]DD[NEM

>. Mbml
Mbmlt`
t`fo
foss “ th
thm
m pm
pmfp
fpbbm llhf
hffs
fsm
m th
thm`
m`rr fd
fdd`
d`l`
l`nb
nbss df
dfrr gm
gmd`
d`o`
o`tm
tm no
nog
g d`xm
d`xmg
g
pmr`fgs
;. Ybmk`sl`tm “ thm ppm
mfpbm ggm ml`gm ffoowwh hmthmr ttff rrnnt`dy f
frr ttf
f rrm
mjml
mltt nno
oy
prfpfsmg ncmogcmot tf, fr rmv`s`fo fd, thm Lfost`tut`fo
<. [mdmrm
rmogoguc
uc “ th
thmm ssuk
ukc`
c`ssss`f
`fo
o fd n bbnnw, f
frr fd n p pnr
nrtt fd `t,
`t, p
pnnss
ssm
mg ky
thm ont`fonb fr bflnb bme`sbnturm tf thm pmfpbm dfr thm`r rmjmlt`fo fr
rnt`d`lnt`fo
7. @o`t`nt`vm “ thm p
pmmfpbm gg``rmltby p
prrfpfsm f frr m
mo
onlt bbnnws
=. [m
[mln
lnbbb “ th
thm
m cm
cmth
thfg
fg fd rmcmcfv
fv`o
`oee n bfl
flnb
nb mb
mbml
mltm
tmg g fd
fdd`
d`lm
lmrr drfc
drfc fdfdd`d`lm
lm
gur`oe h`s tmrc/kmdfrm h`s tmrc mogs ky n vftm fd thm pmfpbm `o no
mbmlt`fo lnbbmg dfr thnt purpfsm

N[W@LBM @T: L`t`zmosh`p

Whm dfbbfw`oe nrm l`t`zmos fd thm Yh`b`pp`oms:

(>) Wh
Whfs
fsm
mwwhf
hf nr
nrmm ll`t
`t`z
`zmo
moss f
fdd tth
hm Y
Yh`
h`bb`p
`pp`
p`om
omss nntt tthm
hm t`cm
t`cm fd th
thm m nngf
gfpt
pt``fo
fd th`s Lfost`tut`fo1
(;) Wh
Whfs
fsm
mwwhf
hfsm
sm dndnth
thmr
mrss fr
fr ccftfthm
hmrsrs nr
nrmm ll`t
`t`z
`zmo
moss f fdd tthm
hm Yh
Yh``b`
b`p
pp`
p`om
oms1
s1
(<) Wh
Whfs
fsm
mkkfr
fro
ok kmd
mdfr
frmm JJno
noun
unryry >5
>5,, >05
>05<,<, fd D`
D`b`
b`p`
p`of
of cf
cfththmr
mrs,
s, whwhffmmbm
bmlt
lt
Yh`b`pp`om l`t`zmosh`p upfo rmnlh`oe thm nem fd cnjfr`ty1 nog
(7))
(7 Whfsm wwhhf nnrrm oonnturnb`zmg ``o o nnlllfrgnolm w w``th bbnnw.

Onturnb-kfro l`t`zmos nrm thfsm whf nrm l`t`zmos fd thm Yh`b`pp`oms drfc
k`rth w`thfut hnv`oe tf pmrdfrc noy nlt tf nlqu`rm fr pmrdmlt thm`r Yh`b`pp`om
l`t`zmosh`p. Whfsm whf mbmlt Yh`b`pp`om l`t`zmosh`p `o nllfrgnolm w`th
pnrnernph (<), \mlt`fo > hmrmfd shnbb km gmmcmg onturnb-kfro l`t`zmos.

- Yh`b`pp`om ll``t`zmosh`p cny km bbf

fst fr rmnlqu`rmg `o thm c
cnnoomr
prfv`gmg ky bnw.
- L`t`zmos fd thm Yh`b`pp`oms whf cnrry nb`mos shnbb rmtn`o thm`r
l`t`zmosh`p, uobmss ky thm`r nlt fr fc`ss`fo thmy nrm gmmcmg, uogmr
thm bnw, tf hnvm rmofuolmg `t.
- Gunb nbbme`nolm fd l`t`zmos `s `o`c`lnb tf thm ont`fonb `otmrmst nog
shnbb km gmnbt w`th ky bnw.
 50

]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

N[W@LBM T: \uddrnem

Cny km mxmrl`smg ky nbb l`t`zmos fd thm Yh`b`pp`oms…, whf nrm nt bmnst m`ehtmmo
ymnrs fd nem, nog whf shnbb hnvm rms`gmg `o thm Yh`b`pp`oms dfr nt bmnst fom
ymnr nog `o thm pbnlm whmrm`o thmy prfpfsm tf vftm dfr nt bmnst s`x cfoths
`ccmg`ntmby prmlmg`oe thm mbmlt`fo. Of b`tmrnly, prfpmrty, fr fthmr
sukstnot`vm rmqu`rmcmot shnbb km `cpfsmg fo thm mxmrl`sm fd suddrnem.

N[W@LBM T@: Whm Bme`sbnt`vm Gmpnrtcmot

Whm bme`sbnt`vm pfwmr shnbb km vmstmg `o thm Lfoermss fd thm Yh`b`pp`oms

wh`lh shnbb lfos`st fd n \montm nog n Hfusm fd [mprmsmotnt`vms…

\MONWM
Lfcpfsmg fd twmoty-dfur \montfrs whf shnbb km mbmltmg.
^unb`d`lnt`fos tf ruo:
>. n onturnb-kfro l`t`zmo fd thm Yh`b`pp`oms
;. nkbm tf rmng nog wr`tm
<. n rms`gmo
mott fd thm Yh`b`pp`oms dfr oft bms
msss thno twf ymn
mnrrs
`ccmg`ntmby prmlmg`oe thm gny fd thm mbmlt`fo
7. fo thm gny fd thm mbmlt`fo, `s nt bmnst <= ymnrs fd nem
=. n rme`stmrmg vftmr

Wmrc fd fdd`lm: s`x ymnrs nog shnbb lfccmolm… nt offo fo Juom <9 omxt
dfbbfw`oe thm`r mbmlt`fo.

Of \montfr shnbb smrvm dfr cfrm thno twf lfosmlut`vm tmrcs.

\hnbb km lfcpfsmg fdWHM oft HF]\M FD [MY[M\MOWNW@TM\

cfrm thno ;=9 cmckmrs.
Uhf shnbb km mbmltmg drfc bme`sbnt`vm g`str`lts
Uhf shnbb km mbmltmg thrfueh n pnrty-b`st systmc fd rme`stmrmg ont`fonb,
rme`fonb, nog smltfrnb pnrt`ms fr freno`znt`fos
Mnlh l`ty w`th n pfpubnt`fo fd nt bmnst ;=9 999, fr mnlh prfv`olm, shnbb hnvm nt
bmnst fom rmprmsmotnt`vm.
^unb`d`lnt`fos tf ruo:
>. n onturnb-kfro l`t`zmo fd thm Yh`b`pp`oms
;. nkbm tf rmng nog wr`tm
<. fo thm gny fd thm mbmlt`fo, `s nt bmnst ;= ymnrs fd nem
7. (mxlmpt
mpt ddf
fr tth
hm p
pnnrty-b`
-b`st rrmp
mprrms
msm
motnt`vms) n rrmme`stmrmg vvf
ftmr
`o thm g`str`lt `o wh`lh hm shnbb km mbmltmg
=. n rms`gmot tth
hmrmfd ddffr n ppm mr`fg f
fdd oft bbm
mss thno fom yym
mnr
 `ccmg`ntmby prmlmg`oe thm gny fd thm mbmlt`fo.
89

]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

Wmrc fd fdd`lm: n tmrc fd thrmm ymnrs wh`lh shnbb kme`o… nt offo fo Juom <9
omxt dfbbfw`oe thm`r mbmlt`fo.
Of cmckmr fd thm Hfusm fd [mprmsmotnt`vms shnbb smrvm dfr cfrm thno thrmm
lfosmlut`vm tmrcs.

[meubnr mbmlt`fo fd thm \montfrs nog thm Cmckmrs fd thm Hfusm fd

[mprmsmotnt`vms shnbb km hmbg fo thm smlfog Cfogny fd Cny.

Whm Lfoermss, ky n vftm fd twf-th`rgs fd kfth Hfusms `o jf`ot smss`fo

nssmckbmg, vft`oe smpnrntmby, shnbb hnvm thm sfbm pfwmr tf gmlbnrm thm
mx`stmolm fd n stntm fd wnr.

@o t`cms fd wnr fr fthmr ont`fonb mcmremoly, thm Lfoermss cny, ky bnw,

nuthfr`zm thm Yrms`gmot, dfr n b`c`tmg pmr`fg nog sukjmlt tf sulh rmstr`lt`fos
ns `t cny prmslr`km, tf mxmrl`sm pfwmrs omlmssnry nog prfpmr tf lnrry fut n
gmlbnrmg ont`fonb pfb`ly.

Mvmry k`bb pnssmg ky thm Lfoermss shnbb mckrnlm foby fom sukjmlt wh`lh
shnbb km mxprmssmg `o thm t`tbm thmrmfd.

Of k`bb pnssmg ky m`thmr Hfusm shnbb kmlfcm n bnw uobmss `t hns pnssmg
thrmm rmng`oes fo smpnrntm gnys, nog pr`otmg lfp`ms thmrmfd `o `ts d`onb dfrc
hnvm kmmo g`str`kutmg tf `ts Cmckmrs thrmm gnys kmdfrm `ts pnssnem, mxlmpt
whmo thm Yrms`gmot lmrt`d`ms tf thm omlmss`ty fd `ts `ccmg`ntm monltcmot
tf cmmt n pukb`l lnbnc`ty fr mcmremoly

Mvmry k`bb pnssmg ky thm Lfoermss shnbb, kmdfrm `t kmlfcms n bnw, km prmsmotmg
tf thm Yrms`gmot.

-- @d hhmrw
Fthm
Ft m rw`s
np`sm,
pm,
rfvhm
ms shnb
thnbb
sh m bsvmtf
nctf
vm m,`thmnosghnrmtu
nog bb turo
rm s`e
roo thm
`t.m sn
th sncm
cm w` w`th
th h`
h`ss fkjm
fkjmlt
lt`f
`fos
os
tf thm Hfusm whmrm `t fr`e`ontmg, wh`lh shnbb motmr thm fkjmlt`fos
nt bnrem `o `ts Jfuronb nog prflmmg tf rmlfos`gmr `t.
- @d,
@d, ndtm
ndtmrr sulh
sulh rm
rmlf
lfos
os`g
`gmr
mrnt
nt`f
`fo,o, twf-
twf-th th`r
`rgs
gs fd nbb
nbb th
thm
m Cm
Cmckckmrmrss fd sulh
sulh
Hfusm shnbb nermm tf pnss thm k`bb, `t shnbb km smot, tfemthmr w`th thm
fkjmlt`fos, tf thm fthmr Hfusm ky wh`lh `t shnbb b`amw`sm km
rmlfos`gmrmg, nog `d npprfvmg ky twf-th`rgs fd nbb thm Cmckmrs fd
thnt Hfusm, `t shnbb kmlfcm n bnw. @o nbb sulh lnsms, thm vftms fd mnlh
Hfusm shnbb km gmtmrc`omg ky ymns fr onys, nog thm oncms fd thm
Cmckmrs vft`oe dfr fr nen`ost shnbb km motmrmg `o `ts Jfuronb. Whm
Yrms`gmot shnbb lfccuo`lntm h`s vmtf fd noy k`bb tf thm Hfusm whmrm
`t fr`e`ontmg w`th`o th`rty gnys ndtmr thm gntm fd rmlm`pt thmrmfd1
fthmrw`sm, `t shnbb kmlfcm n bnw ns `d hm hng s`eomg `t.
 8>

]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

N[W@LBM T@@: Mxmlut`vm Gmpnrtcmot
Whm mxmlut`vm pfwmr shnbb km vmstmg `o thm Yrms`gmot fd thm Yh`b`pp`oms.

^unb`d`lnt`fos:
>. n onturnb-kfro l`t`zmo fd thm Yh`b`pp`oms
;. n rme`stmrmg vftmr, nkbm tf rmng nog wr`tm
<. nt bmnst dfrty ymnrs fd nem fo thm gny fd thm mbmlt`fo
7. n rms`gmot fd thm Yh`b`pp`oms dfr nt bmnst tmo ymnrs
`ccmg`ntmby
`ccmg`ntm by prmlmg`oe sulh mbmlt`fo

Whmrm shnbb km n T`lm-Yrms`gmot whf shnbb hnvm thm sncm qunb`d`lnt`fos nog
tmrc fd fdd`lm nog km mbmltmg w`th nog `o thm sncm cnoomr ns thm Yrms`gmot.
Hm cny km rmcfvmg drfc fdd`lm `o thm sncm cnoomr ns thm Yrms`gmot.

Whm T`lm-Yrms`gmot cny km nppf`otmg ns n Cmckmr fd thm Lnk`omt. \ulh

nppf`otcmot rmqu`rms of lfod`rcnt`fo.

Wmrc fd fdd`lm: km mbmltmg ky g`rmlt vftm fd thm pmfpbm dfr n tmrc fd s`x ymnrs
wh`lh shnbb kme`o nt offo fo Juom <9 omxt dfbbfw`oe thm gny fd thm mbmlt`fo
nog shnbb mog nt offo fd thm sncm gntm s`x ymnrs thmrmndtmr.

Whm Yrms`gmot shnbb oft km mb`e`kbm dfr noy rmmbmlt`fo. Of pmrsfo whf hns
sullmmgmg ns Yrms`gmot nog hns smrvmg ns sulh dfr cfrm thno dfur ymnrs
shnbb km qunb`d`mg dfr mbmlt`fo tf thm sncm fdd`lm nt noy t`cm.

Of T`lm-Yrms`gmot shnbb smrvm dfr cfrm thno twf lfosmlut`vm tmrcs.

Whm rmeubnr mbmlt`fo dfr Yrms`gmot nog T`lm-Yrms`gmot shnbb km hmbg fo thm

smlfog Cfogny fd Cny.

[ubms fd sullmss`fo:

>. @d thm
thm YYrrms`
s`gm
gmot
ot-m
-mbm
bmlt
lt dn`bs
n`bs tf qunb
qunb`d
`dy
y, thm
thm T`lm-
T`lm-Yr
Yrmms`
s`gm
gmot
ot-m
-mbm
bmlt
lt shnb
shnbbb
nlt ns Yrms`gmot uot`b thm Yrms`gmot-mbmlt shnbb hnvm qunb`d`mg.
;. @d n Yr
Yrms`gm
s`gmo ot shn
shnbbb oft
oft hnv
hnvm km
kmmo lhfs
lhfsm mo, thm
thm T`
T`lm
lm--Yr
Yrm
ms`
s`gm
gmoot-mbm
mbmlt
shnbb nlt ns Yrms`gmot uot`b n Yrms`gmot shnbb hnvm kmmo lhfsmo nog
qunb`d`mg.
<. @d nt thm
thm kme`
kme`oo
oo``oe fd thm
thm tm
tmrc fd thm
thm YYrm
rms`
s`gm
gmo
ot, thm
thm Yr
Yrms`g
ms`gmo
mot-
t-m
mbmlt
bmlt
shnbb hnvm g`mg fr shnbb hnvm kmlfcm pmrcnomotby g`snkbmg, thm
T`lm-Yrms`gmot-mbmlt shnbb kmlfcm Yrms`gmot.
7. Uhmrm of of YrYrms`gmot no nog T`lm
T`lm--Yrms`gmot sh
shnbb h
hn
nvm km
kmmo llhhfsm
fsmo f frr
shnbb hnvm qunb`d`mg, fr whmrm kfth shnbb hnvm g`mg fr kmlfcm
 8;

]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

pmrcnomotby g`snkbmg, thm Yrms`gmot fd thm \montm fr, `o lnsm fd h`s
`onk`b`ty, thm \pmnamr fd thm Hfusm fd [mprmsmotnt`vms shnbb nlt ns
Yrms`gmot uot`b n Yrms`gmot fr n T`lm-Yrms`gmot shnbb hnvm kmmo
lhfsmo nog qunb`d`mg.

@d smr`fus `bbomss fd thm Yrms`gmot, thm pukb`l shnbb km `odfrcmg fd thm stntm
fd h`s hmnbth.

Whm Yrms`gmot shnbb ofc`ontm nog, w`th thm lfosmot fd thm Lfcc`ss`fo fo
Nppf`otcmots, nppf`ot thm hmngs fd thm mxmlut`vm gmpnrtcmots,
ncknssngfrs, fthmr pukb`l c`o`stmrs nog lfosubs, fr fdd`lmrs fd thm nrcmg
dfrlms drfc thm rnoa fd lfbfomb fr onvnb lnptn`o, nog fthmr fdd`lmrs whfsm
nppf`otcmots nrm vmstmg `o h`c `o th`s Lfost`tut`fo…

Whm Yrms`gmot shnbb km thm Lfccnogmr-`o-Lh`md fd nbb nrcmg dfrlms fd thm

Yh`b`pp`oms… @o lnsm fd `ovns`fo fr rmkmbb`fo, whmo thm pukb`l sndmty rmqu`rms
`t, hm cny, dfr n pmr`fg oft mxlmmg`oe s`xty gnys, suspmog thm pr`v`bmem fd
thm wr`t fd hnkmns lfrpus fr pbnlm thm Yh`b`pp`oms fr noy pnrt thmrmfd uogmr
cnrt`nb bnw. U`th`o dfrty-m`eht hfurs drfc thm prflbncnt`fo fd cnrt`nb bnw
fr thm suspmos`fo fd thm pr`v`bmem fd thm wr`t fd hnkmns lfrpus, thm Yrms`gmot
shnbb sukc`t n rmpfrt `o pmrsfo fr `o wr`t`oe tf thm Lfoermss. Whm Lfoermss,
vft`oe jf`otby, ky n vftm fd nt bmnst n cnjfr`ty fd nbb `ts Cmckmrs `o rmeubnr fr
spml`nb smss`fo, cny rmvfam sulh prflbncnt`fo fr suspmos`fo, wh`lh
rmvflnt`fo shnbb oft km smt ns`gm ky thm Yrms`gmot. ]pfo thm `o`t`nt`vm fd thm
Yrms`gmot, thm Lfoermss cny, `o thm sncm cnoomr, mxtmog sulh prflbncnt`fo
fr suspmos`fo dfr n pmr`fg tf km gmtmrc`omg ky thm Lfoermss, `d thm `ovns`fo
fr rmkmbb`fo shnbb pmrs`st nog pukb`l sndmty rmqu`rms `t.

Whm \uprmcm Lfurt cny rmv`mw, `o no npprfpr`ntm prflmmg`oe d`bmg ky noy

l`t`zmo, thm sudd`l`moly fd thm dnltunb kns`s fd thm prflbncnt`fo fd cnrt`nb
bnw fr thm suspmos`fo fd thm pr`v`bmem fd thm wr`t fr thm mxtmos`fo thmrmfd,
nog cust prfcubentm `ts gml`s`fo thmrmfo w`th`o th`rty gnys drfc `ts d`b`oe.

N stntm fd cnrt`nb bnw gfms oft suspmog thm fpmrnt`fo fd thm Lfost`tut`fo,
ofr suppbnot thm duolt`fo`oe fd thm l`v`b lfurts fr bme`sbnt`vm nssmckb`ms,
ofr nuthfr`zm thm lfodmrcmot fd jur`sg`lt`fo fo c`b`tnry lfurts nog nemol`ms
fvmr l`v`b`nos whmrm l`v`b lfurts nrm nkbm tf duolt`fo, ofr nutfcnt`lnbby
suspmog thm pr`v`bmem fd thm wr`t.

Whm suspmos`fo fd thm pr`v`bmem fd thm wr`t shnbb nppby foby tf pmrsfos
jug`l`nbby lhnremg dfr rmkmbb`fo fr fddmosms `ohmrmot `o fr g`rmltby lfoomltmg
w`th thm `ovns`fo.
 8<

]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

Mxlmpt `o lnsms fd `cpmnlhcmot, fr ns fthmrw`sm prfv`gmg `o th`s
Lfost`tut`fo, thm Yrms`gmot cny ernot rmpr`mvms, lfccutnt`fos nog pnrgfos,
nog rmc`t d`oms nog dfrdm`turms, ndtmr lfov`lt`fo ky d`onb jugecmot. Hm shnbb
nbsf hnvm thm pfwmr tf ernot ncomsty w`th thm lfolurrmolm fd n cnjfr`ty fd
nbb thm Cmckmrs fd thm Lfoermss.

Of trmnty fr `otmront`fonb nermmcmot shnbb km vnb`g nog mddmlt`vm uobmss

lfolurrmg `o ky nt bmnst twf-th`rgs fd nbb thm Cmckmrs fd thm \montm.

N[W@LBM T@@@: Jug`l`nb Gmpnrtcmot

Whm jug`l`nb pfwmr shnbb km vmstmg `o fom \uprmcm Lfurt nog `o sulh bfwmr
lfurts…

Jug`l`nb pfwmr `olbugms thm guty fd thm lfurts fd just`lm tf smttbm nltunb
lfotrfvmrs`ms `ovfbv`oe r`ehts wh`lh nrm bmenbby gmcnognkbm nog
modfrlmnkbm, nog tf gmtmrc`om whmthmr fr oft thmrm hns kmmo n ernvm nkusm
fd g`slrmt`fo ncfuot`oe tf bnla fr mxlmss fd jur`sg`lt`fo fo thm pnrt fd noy
krnolh fr `ostrucmotnb`ty fd thm Efvmrocmot.

Whm \uprmcm Lfurt shnbb km lfcpfsmg fd n Lh`md Just`lm nog dfurtmmo

Nssfl`ntm Just`lms.

Nbb lnsms `ovfbv`oe thm lfost`tut`fonb`ty fd n trmnty, `otmront`fonb fr mxmlut`vm

nermmcmot, fr bnw, wh`lh shnbb km hmnrg ky thm \uprmcm Lfurt mo knol, nog
nbb fthmr lnsms wh`lh uogmr thm [ubms fd Lfurt nrm rmqu`rmg tf km hmnrg mo
knol, `olbug`oe thfsm `ovfbv`oe thm lfost`tut`fonb`ty, nppb`lnt`fo, fr
fpmrnt`fo fd prms`gmot`nb gmlrmms, prflbncnt`fos, frgmrs, `ostrult`fos,

frg`onolms,
n cnjfr`ty fdnog
thmfthmr rmeubnt`fos,
Cmckmrs shnbb kmtffa
whf nltunbby gml`gmg
pnrt w`th thmgmb`kmrnt`fos
`o thm lfolurrmolmfofd
thm `ssums `o thm lnsm nog vftmg thmrmfo.

Of pmrsfo shnbb km nppf`otmg Cmckmr fd thm \uprmcm Lfurt fr noy bfwmr

lfbbme`ntm lfurt uobmss hm `s n onturnb-kfro l`t`zmo fd thm Yh`b`pp`oms. N
Cmckmr fd thm \uprmcm Lfurt cust km nt bmnst dfrty ymnrs fd nem, nog cust
hnvm kmmo dfr d`dtmmo ymnrs fr cfrm n jugem fd n bfwmr lfurt fr moenemg `o
thm prnlt`lm fd bnw `o thm Yh`b`pp`oms.
 87

]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

N[W@LBM @X: Lfost`tut`fonb Lfcc`ss`fos

N. W h m L ` v ` b \m r v ` l m L f c c ` s s ` f o
Whm L`v`b \mrv`lm Lfcc`ss`fo, ns thm lmotrnb pmrsfoomb nemoly fd
thm Efvmrocmot, shnbb mstnkb`sh n lnrmmr smrv`lm nog ngfpt cmnsurms tf
prfcftm cfrnbm, mdd`l`moly, `otmer`ty, rmspfos`vmomss, prfermss`vmomss, nog
lfurtmsy `o thm l`v`b smrv`lm. @t shnbb strmoethmo thm cmr`t nog rmwnrgs
systmc…

K. Whm Lfcc`ss`fo fo Mbmlt`fos

N drmm nog fpmo pnrty systmc shnbb km nbbfwmg tf mvfbvm nllfrg`oe
tf thm drmm lhf`lm fd thm pmfpbm…

L. Lfcc`ss`fo fo Nug`t
Whm Lfcc`ss`fo fo Nug`t shnbb hnvm thm pfwmr, nuthfr`ty, nog guty
tf mxnc`om, nug`t, nog smttbm nbb nllfuots pmrtn`o`oe tf thm rmvmoum nog
rmlm`pts fd, nog mxpmog`turms fr usms fd duogs nog prfpmrty, fwomg fr hmbg
`o trust ky, fr pmrtn`o`oe tf, thm Efvmrocmot…

N[W@LBM X: Bflnb Efvmrocmot

Emomrnb Yrfv`s`fos

Whm tmrr`tfr`nb nog pfb`t`lnb sukg`v`s`fos fd thm [mpukb`l fd thm Yh`b`pp`oms

nrm thm prfv`olms, l`t`ms, cuo`l`pnb`t`ms, nog knrnoenys. Whmrm shnbb km
nutfofcfus rme`fos `o Cusb`c C`ognonf nog thm Lfrg`bbmrns ns hmrm`ondtmr
prfv`gmg.

Mnlh bflnb efvmrocmot

fd rmvmoums nog tf bmvyuo`t shnbb
tnxms, hnvm
dmms, thm
nog pfwmr sukjmlt
lhnrems tf lrmntm
tf `ts fwo
sulh sfurlms
eu`gmb`oms
nog b`c`tnt`fos ns thm Lfoermss cny prfv`gm, lfos`stmot w`th thm kns`l pfb`ly
fd bflnb nutfofcy. \ulh tnxms, dmms, nog lhnrems shnbb nllrum mxlbus`vmby tf
thm bflnb efvmrocmots.
- Bflnb efvmrocmot uo`ts shnbb hnvm n just shnrm, ns gmtmrc`omg ky bnw, `o
thm ont`fonb tnxms wh`lh shnbb km nutfcnt`lnbby rmbmnsmg tf thmc.

Whm tmrc fd fdd`lm fd mbmlt`vm bflnb fdd`l`nbs, mxlmpt knrnoeny fdd`l`nbs, wh`lh
shnbb km gmtmrc`omg ky bnw, shnbb km thrmm ymnrs nog of sulh fdd`l`nb shnbb
smrvm dfr cfrm thno thrmm lfosmlut`vm tmrcs.
 8=

]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

N[W@LBM X@: Nllfuotnk`b`ty fd Yukb`l Fdd`lmrs

Yukb`l fdd`lm `s n pukb`l trust.

Whm Yrms`gmot, thm T`lm-Yrms`gmot, thm Cmckmrs fd thm \uprmcm Lfurt, thm
Cmckmrs fd thm Lfost`tut`fonb Lfcc`ss`fos, nog thm Fckugscno cny km
rmcfvmg drfc fdd`lm, fo `cpmnlhcmot dfr, nog lfov`lt`fo fd, lubpnkbm
v`fbnt`fo fd thm Lfost`tut`fo, trmnsfo, kr`kmry, erndt nog lfrrupt`fo, fthmr
h`eh lr`cms, fr kmtrnynb fd pukb`l trust. Nbb fthmr pukb`l fdd`lmrs nog
mcpbfymms cny km rmcfvmg drfc fdd`lm ns prfv`gmg ky bnw, kut oft ky
`cpmnlhcmot.

Whm Hfusm fd [mprmsmotnt`vms shnbb hnvm thm mxlbus`vm pfwmr tf `o`t`ntm nbb
lnsms fd `cpmnlhcmot.

N vftm fd nt bmnst fom-th`rg fd nbb thm Cmckmrs fd thm Hfusm shnbb km omlmssnry
m`thmr tf ndd`rc n dnvfrnkbm rmsfbut`fo w`th thm Nrt`lbms fd @cpmnlhcmot fd
thm Lfcc`ttmm, fr fvmrr`gm `ts lfotrnry rmsfbut`fo. Whm vftm fd mnlh Cmckmr
shnbb km rmlfrgmg.

Whm \montm shnbb hnvm thm sfbm pfwmr tf try nog gml`gm nbb lnsms fd
`cpmnlhcmot. Uhmo s`tt`oe dfr thnt purpfsm, thm \montfrs shnbb km fo fnth
fr ndd`rcnt`fo. Uhmo thm Yrms`gmot fd thm Yh`b`pp`oms `s fo tr`nb, thm Lh`md
Just`lm fd thm \uprmcm Lfurt shnbb prms`gm, kut shnbb oft vftm. Of pmrsfo
shnbb km lfov`ltmg w`thfut thm lfolurrmolm fd twf-th`rgs fd nbb thm Cmckmrs
fd thm \montm.

Whm prmsmot not`-erndt lfurt aofwo ns thm \nog`enoknyno…

Whmrm `s hmrmky lrmntmg thm `ogmpmogmot Fdd`lm fd thm Fckugscno,

lfcpfsmg fd thm Fckugscno tf km aofwo ns Wnofgknyno…

N[W@LBM X@T:
Mgulnt`fo, \l`molm nog Wmlhofbfey, Nrts, Lubturm, nog \pfrts
Mgulnt`fo
Whm \tntm shnbb:
…Mstnkb`sh, cn`otn`o, nog suppfrt n lfcpbmtm, ngmquntm, nog `otmerntmg
systmc fd mgulnt`fo rmbmvnot tf thm ommgs fd thm pmfpbm nog sfl`mty1
…Mstnkb`sh nog cn`otn`o n systmc fd drmm pukb`l mgulnt`fo `o thm mbmcmotnry
nog h`eh slhffb bmvmbs. U`thfut b`c`t`oe thm onturnb r`eht fd pnrmots tf rmnr
thm`r lh`bgrmo, mbmcmotnry mgulnt`fo `s lfcpubsfry dfr nbb lh`bgrmo fd slhffb
nem1
84

]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

Molfurnem ofo-dfrcnb, `odfrcnb, nog `og`emofus bmnro`oe systmcs, ns wmbb
ns smbd-bmnro`oe, `ogmpmogmot, nog fut-fd-slhffb stugy prferncs pnrt`lubnrby
thfsm thnt rmspfog tf lfccuo`ty ommgs1 nog

Yrfv`gm ngubt l`t`zmos, thm g`snkbmg, nog fut-fd-slhffb yfuth w`th trn`o`oe
`o l`v`ls, vflnt`fonb mdd`l`moly, nog fthmr sa`bbs.

Nbb mgulnt`fonb `ost`tut`fos shnbb `olbugm thm stugy fd thm Lfost`tut`fo ns

pnrt fd thm lurr`lubn.

Nt thm fpt`fo mxprmssmg `o wr`t`oe ky thm pnrmots fr eunrg`nos, rmb`e`fo

shnbb km nbbfwmg tf km tnueht tf thm`r lh`bgrmo fr wnrgs `o pukb`l mbmcmotnry
nog h`eh slhffbs w`th`o thm rmeubnr lbnss hfurs ky `ostrultfrs gms`eontmg fr
npprfvmg ky thm rmb`e`fus nuthfr`t`ms fd thm rmb`e`fo tf wh`lh thm lh`bgrmo
fr wnrgs kmbfoe, w`thfut ngg`t`fonb lfst tf thm Efvmrocmot.

Of mgulnt`fonb `ost`tut`fo shnbb km mstnkb`shmg mxlbus`vmby dfr nb`mos nog

of erfup fd nb`mos shnbb lfcpr`sm cfrm thno fom-th`rg fd thm morfbbcmot `o
noy slhffb. Whm prfv`s`fos fd th`s suksmlt`fo shnbb oft nppby tf slhffbs
mstnkb`shmg dfr dfrm`eo g`pbfcnt`l pmrsfoomb nog thm`r gmpmogmots nog,
uobmss fthmrw`sm prfv`gmg ky bnw, dfr fthmr dfrm`eo tmcpfrnry rms`gmots.

Nlngmc`l drmmgfc shnbb km mojfymg `o nbb `ost`tut`fos fd h`ehmr bmnro`oe.

Mvmry l`t`zmo hns n r`eht tf smbmlt n prfdmss`fo fr lfursm fd stugy, sukjmlt tf

dn`r, rmnsfonkbm, nog mqu`tnkbm ngc`ss`fo nog nlngmc`l rmqu`rmcmots.

Whm \tntm shnbb mohnolm thm r`eht fd tmnlhmrs tf prfdmss`fonb ngvnolmcmot.

Ofo-tmnlh`oe nlngmc`l
prftmlt`fo fd thm \tntm. nog ofo-nlngmc`l pmrsfoomb shnbb mojfy thm

Whm \tntm shnbb nss`eo thm h`ehmst kugemtnry pr`fr`ty tf mgulnt`fo nog mosurm
thnt tmnlh`oe w`bb nttrnlt nog rmtn`o `ts r`ehtdub shnrm fd thm kmst nvn`bnkbm
tnbmots thrfueh ngmquntm rmcuomrnt`fo nog fthmr cmnos fd jfk snt`sdnlt`fo
nog dubd`bbcmot.

Bnoeunem

Whm ont`fonb bnoeunem fd thm Yh`b`pp`oms `s D`b`p`of. Ns `t mvfbvms, `t shnbb km

durthmr gmvmbfpmg nog mor`lhmg fo thm kns`s fd mx`st`oe Yh`b`pp`om nog
fthmr bnoeunems.
 85

]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

Dfr purpfsms fd lfccuo`lnt`fo nog `ostrult`fo, thm fdd`l`nb bnoeunems fd
thm Yh`b`pp`oms nrm D`b`p`of nog… Moeb`sh.

Whm rme`fonb bnoeunems nrm thm nux`b`nry fdd`l`nb bnoeunems `o thm rme`fos
nog shnbb smrvm ns nux`b`nry cmg`n fd `ostrult`fo thmrm`o.

\pno`sh nog Nrnk`l shnbb km prfcftmg fo n vfbuotnry nog fpt`fonb kns`s.

N[W@LBM XT: Whm Dnc`by

Whm \tntm rmlfeo`zms thm D`b`p`of dnc`by ns thm dfuognt`fo fd thm ont`fo.

Cnrr`nem, ns no `ov`fbnkbm sfl`nb `ost`tut`fo, `s thm dfuognt`fo fd thm dnc`by

nog shnbb km prftmltmg ky thm \tntm.

N[W@LBM XT@: Emomrnb Yrfv`s`fos

Whm Nrcmg Dfrlms fd thm Yh`b`pp`oms shnbb km lfcpfsmg fd n l`t`zmo nrcmg

dfrlm wh`lh shnbb uogmref c`b`tnry trn`o`oe nog smrvm, ns cny km prfv`gmg ky
bnw. @t shnbb ammp n rmeubnr dfrlm omlmssnry dfr thm smlur`ty fd thm \tntm.

N[W@LBM XT@@: Ncmogcmots fr [mv`s`fos

Noy ncmogcmot tf, fr rmv`s`fo fd, th`s Lfost`tut`fo cny km prfpfsmg ky:
(>) Whm Lfoermss, upfo n vftm fd thrmm-dfurths fd nbb `ts Cmckmrs1 fr (;) N
lfost`tut`fonb lfovmot`fo.

Ncmogcmots tf th`s Lfost`tut`fo cny b`amw`sm km g`rmltby prfpfsmg ky thm

pmfpbm thrfueh `o`t`nt`vm.
 88

]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

\FL@FBFEP
&
NOWH[FYFBFEP
 80

]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

\fl`fbfey “ `s thm stugy fd nssfl`nt`fo,

nssfl`nt`fo, erfup, sfl`mty, nog sfl`nb
sfl`nb
`otmrnl
`otm rnlt`fo,
t`fo, nog dflusms fo sfl`nb freno`znt`fo,
freno`znt`fo, sfl`nb `ost`tut`fos,
` ost`tut`fos, nog
sfl`nb prfkbmcs.
Hm rkm rt \pm olm r Nueust Lfctm Anrb Cnrx
kmb` mvms thnt
kmb`mvms
lf`omg thm lfolmpt
lfolmpt lnp`tnb`
lnp`tnb`sc
sc `s dnvfrmg
lf`omg thm wfrg
‘surv`vnb
‘surv`vnb fd thm ‘sfl`fbfey‐ ky thm uppmr
uppm r lbnss
lbnss
d`ttmst‐ (kfuremf`s`m),
(kfuremf`s`m ), nog `s
thm rfft fd
fd c`smry
c` smry fd
kmb` mvms thnt
kmb`mvms thm bfwmr
bfwm r lbnss
Dnthmr fd sfl`fbfey
sfl`m
sfl`mt`ms
t`ms uogmref
uogmref (prfbmtnr`nts)
ngvflntmg
‘pfs`t`v`sc‐, thm usm kmb`m
kmb `mvms
vms thnt h`stfry
h`stfry
ngvflntmg \fl`nb
ngvflntmg fd mcp`r`l
m cp`r`lnb
nb `s g`ltn
g` ltntmg
tmg ky
Gnrw`o`sc `ovmst`ent`fo tf mlfofc`l
uogmrstnog sfl`m
sfl`mty
ty gmtmrc`ont`fo
nog `ts pnttmros
y
e
bf
f
` Cnx Um km r Em frem Hm em b Mc` b m Gurahm ` c
l
f
s
d H`stfry `s n dfrcubn
f Dfr sfl`m
sfl`mt`m
t`mss tf hnvm
s
r
m
ngvflntmg fd thms`s (no
( no `gmn) +
m stnk`b
stn k`b`ty,
`ty, thmrm
o ‘vmrstmhmo‐, wh`lh `s not`thms`s
not `thms`s (n
f
` shfubg km n knbnolm
knbnolm
Y thm mcphnt`l lhnbbmoem
lhnbbmoem tf thm
thm `gmn)
` gmn)
fd sfl`nb rmeubnt`fo
uogmrstnog`oe fd 3 syothms`
syothms`ss (n omw
pmfpbm‐s thfuehts nog pmrsfonb `gmn thnt bntmr w`bb km
drmmgfc.
n thms`s).

Lhnrb m s Lffb m y Mrv` oe Efd d cno [fkm rt Cm rtfo

kmb`mvms
kmb` mvms thnt
thnt sfl`nb
sfl`nb
ngvflntmg
pnttmros y`mbg
y`m bg tf
ngvflntmg grncnturey, wh`lh
sfl`nb duolt`fos:
‒bffa`oeebnss
‒bffa`oe ebnss smbd–,
smb d–, cmnos sfl`nb
thm nk`b`ty tf `otmrnl
`otm rnlt`fos
t`fos nrm tf km n. Cno`dm
Cno`dmstst duolt`fo
v`sunb`zm
v`sunb`zm fomsmbd tnamo `o thm thm smmo nog
thrfueh
thrfueh thm myms
mym s fd pmrspmlt`vm fd n k. Bntmot duolt`fo
fthmr pmfpbm thmntr`lnb thm uosmmo nog
 pmrdfrcnolm uomxpmltmg
duolt`fos- 09

]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

Mvfbut`fonry \trulturnb \fl`nb Lfodb`lt \yckfb`l

Whmfry Duolt`fonb`sc Whmfry @otmrnlt`fo`sc

stntms thnt n
sfl`mty `s n
v`mws
v`m ws n sfl`mty
sfl`mty shnrmg rmnb`ty,
ns n lfcpbm
lfcpbmxx v`m
v`mws
ws n sfl`mty
sfl`mty thnt rmsubtmg
rmsubtm g
mxpb n`os hfw
mxpbn`os
hucno systmc wh`lh ns n pbntdfrc fd drfc thm thm gn`by
gn`b y
nlh`mvms `omqunb`ty
`omqunb` ty thnt,
thnt, `otm
`otmrn
rnlt
lt`fos
`fos fd
sfl`m
sfl`mt`ms
t`ms lfcm
lfcm
sfb`gnr`ty nog `o turo, lrmntms
lrmntms `og`v`gunbs1
tf mx`st,
mx` st, erfw,
erfw,
stnk`b`ty
stnk`b` ty whmo lfodb`lt nog thmsm
nog gmvmbfp
`ts pnrts
pnrts wfra lhnoem `otmrnlt`fos
tfemthmr cnam
cn am pmfpbm
s d`og cmno`oe `o
c
e
` syckfbs
g
n
r
n
bp
n stntms thnt
l
`t mvmry
m
r
f `og`v`gunbb `s
`og`v`gun
m
h t \`cpbmpr`c`t`v eu`gmg ky @o th`s thmfry,
b
n
r m sfl`m
sfl`mt`ms
t`ms sfl`nb sfcm pmfpbm
pmfpbm
m
o mvmotunbby strulturms, nog nrm
nrm kmomd`ttmg1
kmomd` ttmg1
m
E
mvfbvm `otf h`s/hmr sfl`nb sfcm nrm
lfcpbmxcfgmr duolt`fos nrm gmpr`vmg.
o foms. dfr thm ofrcnb suppfrtmg ky

fpmrnt`fos fd Efddcno,
thm sfl`m
sfl`mty
ty Lffbmy

bffas dfr
pnttmros fd suppfrtmg ky
lhnoem Lfctm, suppfrtmg ky
Gurahm`c, Cnrx
suppfrtmg ky Cmrtfo
\pmolmr
 0>

]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

\fl`fbfe`lnb \fl`fbfe`lnb \fl`fbfe`ln
\fl`fb fe`lnbb `oqu`ry “
`cne`ont`fo “ n qunb`
qunb`ty
ty pmrspmlt
pmrspm lt`v
`vm
m“n thm sl`mot`d`l
fd c`og
c` og tf bffa nt fur g`st`olt`vm
g`st`olt `vm pf`ot fd `ovmst`ent
`ovm st`ent`fo
`fo fd thm
fwo mxpmr`molms `o v`mw
v`m w cna`oe usm
usm thm rmpmt`t`vm pnttmros
pnttmros `o
tmrcs fd whnt `s ef`oe sfl`nb
sfl `nb wfrbg tf eu`gm hucno kmhnv`fr
fo `o thm wfrbg fur th`oa`oe nog
nlt`fos

Cmthfgs, tmlho`qums, nog tffbs `o sfl`fbfe`lnb `oqu`ry

>. Mx pmr ` cm ot
Mxpfsms sukjmlts tf n spml`nbby gms`eomg s`tunt`fo dfr thm
sfl`fbfe`st tf rmlfrg thm`r rmnlt`fos
Cfst mddmlt`vm tffb dfr n lnusm nog mddmlt rmbnt`fosh`p

;. \u r v my
Kmst tffb dfr enthmr`oe `odfrcnt`fo drfc n bnrem ouckmr fd pmfpbm
]snem fd rnogfc sncpbms nog prm-tmstmg qumst`fos mosurms h`eh
rmb`nk`b`ty nog vnb`g`ty.

<. Lnsm \tugy

Mxnc`oms n pnrt`lubnr sukjmlt `o gmpth fvmr n bfoe pmr`fg fd t`cm
Nbsf aofwo ns sl`mot`d`l k`fernphy, lnsm h`stfry fr g`nry fd
gmvmbfpcmot

7. D`mbg fksmrvnt`fo
[msmnrlhmrs hnvm d`rsthnog mxpmr`molms ns thmy `ccmrsm `o thm

lfccuo`ty.
@o ofo-pnrt`l`pnot fksmrvnt`fo, rmsmnrlhmr lfcms ns n th`rg pnrty.

=. \ t r u l t u r m g / g ` r m l t ` v m ` ot m r v ` m w
^umst`fos nrm nsamg `o n pbnoomg, phnsmg cnoomr tf prfv`gm
systmcnt`l nog lfcpnrnkbm gntn.

4. ]ostrulturmg/ofog`rmlt`vm `otmrv`mw
@o hmrm, thmrm nrm of prmgmtmrc`omg qumst`fos ofr noswmrs1 thm
rmspfogmot `s `o lhnrem fd thm lfursm fd thm `otmrv`mw.

5. H`stfr`lnb npprfnlh
Cnams usm fd h`stfr`lnb nrlh`vms tf lrndt no mxpbnont`fo dfr lurrmot
sfl`nb phmofcmon
 0;

]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

Lubturm “ rmdmrs tf thm lustfcnry wnys `o wh`lh sfl`nb erfups freno`zm thm`r
wnys fd th`oa`oe, dmmb`oe, nog kmhnv`oe nog thmsm nrm pnssmg fo drfc fom
emomrnt`fo tf nofthmr

Lfcpfomots fd Lubturm

>. Ofrc
Ofrcss “ thm
thm eu`g
eu`gmmb`om
b`omss wh`lh
h`lh smr
smrvm ns thm
thm mxpm
pmlt
ltnt
nt`f
`fos
os df
dfrr pmfp
pmfpbm
bm
tf gf `o rmbnt`fo w`th fom nofthmr1 thm shnrmg, stnognrg rubms tf
spml`d
spm l`dy
y whnt `s r`eht
r`eht nog
nog wrfoe1
wrfoe1 thmrm
thmrm nrm thrmm
thrmm a`
a`ogs
ogs fd ofr
ofrcs:
cs:
dfbawnys, cfrms, nog bnws

@. Dfbawnys “ thm hnk`tunb wnys fd gf`oe sfcmth`oe w`thfut

e`v`oe culh thfueht1 gf oft hnvm pnrt`lubnr cfrnb nog
mth`lnb s`eo`d`lnolm

@@. Cfrms “ thm v`tnb of

ofrcs tf
tf n sfl`mty1 tth
hm ssf
fl`mty‐s
y‐s llf
fgm fd
mth`ls nog cfrnb stnognrgs1 thmrm nrm twf a`ogs: guty nog
tnkff
N. Y f s ` t ` v m c f r m s / gu t y
thm kmhnv`fr thnt cust km gfom kmlnusm `t `s effg
‒thfu shnbb kmhnv`fr–
K. O m e nt ` v m c fr m s / t n k f f
thm kmhnv`fr thnt cust oft km gfom kmlnusm `t `s
kng
‒thfu shnbb oft kmhnv`fr–
L. Bnws “ thm dfrcnb`zmg ofrcs monltmg ky pmfpbm w`th
bme`t`cntm nuthfr`ty1 hnvm dfrcnb snolt`fos

;. Ofo-cntmr`nb lu
lubturm (`
(`gmns, km
kmb`mds, vn
vnbums)
@gmns “ cno‐s lfolmpt`fo fd h`s phys`lnb, sfl`nb, nog lubturnb
wfrbg

Kmb`mds “ cno‐s lfov`lt`fo nkfut n lmrtn`o `gmn1 cno‐s

pmrlmpt`fo fd rmnb`ty

Tnbums “ nkstrnlt lfolmpts fd whnt‐s `cpfrtnot1 whnt eu`gms

n pmrsfo‐s wny fd b`dm

<. Cntmr
ntmr`n
`nbb lubt
lubtu
urm “ thm
thm lfol
lfolrm
rmtm
tm nog
nog tnoe
tnoe``kb
kbm
m fk
fkjm
jmlt
ltss lrm
lrmntmg
ntmg no
nog
g
usmg ky cno tf snt`sdy h`s vnr`mg ommgs nog wnots
 0<

]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

7. \yckfb
ckfbss “ no
no fkj
fkjm
mlt,
lt, em
emstur
turm, sfuo
sfuog,
g, lfbf
lfbfrr, fr
fr gm
gms`
s`eo
eo thn
thnt rrm
mpr
prm
msm
smo
ots
sfcmth`oe fthmr thno `tsmbd1 no nrr`vnb fd cutunbby shnrmg cmno`oe

G`ddmrmot v`mwpf`ots/pmrspmlt`vms fo lubturm

>. Lu b t ur n b r m b n t` v ` s c
\tntms thnt lubturms g`ddmr nog foby hns n cmno`oe w`th`o `ts lubturnb
smtt`oe
Mvmry lubturnb mbmcmot cust km rmlm`vmg `o tmrcs

;. Lubturm shfla
Whm dmmb`oe fd g`skmb`md nog g`sfreno`znt`fo whmo fom molfuotmrs n
g`ddmrmot lubturnb pnttmro

<. M t ho f l m o t r ` s c
Whm dmmb`oe fd supmr`fr`ty fd h`s lubturm fvmr fthmr lubturms
\mms h`s fwo lubturm ns thm foby r`eht wny fd b`v`oe

7. X mof l mot r `s c
Whm dmmb`oe fd `odmr`fr`ty fd h`s lubturm ns tf fthmr lubturms
Kmb`mvms thnt whnt `s dfrm`eo `s kmst1 rmvmrsm mthoflmotr`sc

=. Ofkb
Ofkbmm snvn
snvnem
em cmotnb
otnb`t
`ty
y “ thm
thm oft`
oft`fo
fo thnt
thnt s`
s`c
cpb
pbm
m lu
lubt
btu
urm
rmss fr mnr
nrbb`mr
`mr
lubturms nrm kmttmr tf b`vm `o thno thm lurrmot fom thm `og`v`gunb `s `o

4. \ukl ubt urm

[mdmrs tf thm scnbbmr erfups wh`lh gmvmbfps n cfrm g`st`olt lubturm
drfc thm bnremr sfl`mty thmy nrm `o

5. Lfuotm r lub tur m

[mdmrs tf thm scnbbmr erfups whfsm stnognrgs `s `o lfodb`lt w`th nog
fppfsm thm stnognrgs fd thm gfc`onot lubturm

8. Lubturm bne
[mdmrs tf thm enp kmtwmmo thm cntmr`nb nog ofo-cntmr`nb lubturms1
usunbby, cntmr`nb lubturm ngvnolms cfrm rnp`gby
 07

]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

\yckfb`l usms fd lubturm

>. Yfp lu
lubturm “ thm pf
pfpubnr lu
lubturm fd
fd tth
hm lf
lfotmcpfrnry sfl
sfl``mty

;. Lub
Lubtur
turm fd
fd pf
pfvmrt
vmrty
y“ thm
thm wnys fd
fd b`d
b`dm
m fd
fd tthm
hm pf
pffr
fr,, ``c
cpb
pby`
y`oe
oe n ly
lylbm
lbm fd
fd
gmpr`vnt`fo

<. Lubturm fd fpubmolm

Whm wnys fd b`dm fd thm r`lh `o thm`r wfrbg fd eb`tz nog ebncfur

7. Lubturm fd lf
lfosp`
sp`lufus lfosucpt`fo “ thm wnys fd bb``dm fd th
thm
supmrr`lh `o kuy`oe effgs nog smrv`lms wh`lh nrm `o mxlmss fd whnt
thmy nltunbby ommg

=. Lubturm fd s`bmolm
Whm `og`v`gunb‐s fr erfup‐s hnk`t fd s`bmolm ns n rms`eomg rmspfosm tf
nuthfr`ty

4. Lubturm fd lfrrupt`fo
Whm mstnkb`shmg pnttmros fd `bbmenbby fktn`o`oe wmnbth nog pfwmr `o
thm fdd`lm

5. Lubturm fd npnthy
Whm `onlt`fo nog bnla fd `otmrmst fd thm pmfpbm `o rmenrg tf thm `ssums
nog lfolmros wh`lh ommg nttmot`fo nog rmsfbut`fo

8. Lub
Lubturm
turm fd gmhu
mhucno`z
no`znt
nt`f
`fo
o “ thm
thm nk
nkus
us``vm no
nog
g mxp
xpbf
bf`t
`tnt
nt``vm pr
prnl
nlt`
t`lm
lmss
ky thm pfwmr-w`mbg`oe cmckmrs fd thm sfl`mty nen`ost thm gmpr`vmg

nog g`sngvnotnemg erfup fd thm sfl`mty

Lnusms fd lubturnb lhnoem

>. G`s
`slf
lfvm
vmry
ry “ thm
thm p
prrflms
flmsss fd
fd d`
d`og
og`o
`oe
e n omw
omw pb
pbnl
nlm/
m/fk
fkjm
jmlt
lt th
thnt
nt prmv
rmv`fus
`fusbby
mx`stmg

;. @ov
@ovmo
mot`
t`fo
fo “ thm
thm ut`
t`b`
b`zznt`f
nt`fo
o nog/
nog/fr
fr lfc
lfck`
k`on
ont`
t`fo
fo fd prm
prmv`
v`fu
fusb
sby
yaaof
ofw
wo
mbmcmots tf prfgulm no fr`e`onb prfgult

<. [mkmbb`fo “ thm rmpbnlmcmot fd whfbm sfl`nb frgmr nog mx`st`oe

ofrcs nog prfpfsnb fd omw frgmr nog ofrcs
 0=

]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

7. G`ddus`fo “ th
thm sp
sprmng fd
fd lu
lubturnb tr
trn`ts g`
g`rmltby ((tthrfueh, df
dfr
mxncpbm, trngm) fr `og`rmltby (`odbumolms)1 thmrm nrm dfur a`ogs:
n. Nllubturnt`fo“ lubturnb kfrrfw`oe nog lubturnb
`c`tnt`fo
k. Nss`c`bnt`fo “ kbmog`oe fd twf g`st`olt lubturms
thrfueh bfoe pmr`fgs fd `otmrnlt`fos
l. Ncnbencnt`fo“ hmrmg`tnry dus`fo fd cmckmrs fd
g`ddmrmot sfl`mt`ms
g. Molubturnt`fo“ gm
gmb`kmrntm ``o
odus`fo fd fd n omw lu
lubturm
tf nofthmr

=. Lfb
Lfbfo`z
fo`znt
nt`f
`fo
o “ th
thm
m mstn
mstnk
kb`
b`sh
shc
cmot fd n lf
lfbf
bfo
oy su
sukj
kjm
mltmg
ltmg tf th
thm
m ru
rubbm
fd thm lfbfo`z`oe stntm

Nothrfpfbfey “ n sfl`nb sl`molm fd cno gmnb`oe w`th thm phys`lnb, lubturnb,

nog sfl`nb lubturm fd c`ofr`ty erfups fd thm sfl`mty

\mx “ knsmg fo thm k`fbfe`lnb g`ddmrmolms fd hucnos

Emogmr “ knsmg fo thm sfl`f-lubturnb g`ddmrmolms fd hucnos

Emogmr `gmot`ty “ thm `oomr mxpmr`molm fr smosm fd fomsmbd ns n rmsubt fd

sfl`nb`znt`fo

Emogmr rfbms “ nlt`v`t`ms nss`eomg tf `og`v`gunbs1 stnrts `o dnc`by thmo

rm`odfrlmg ky fthmr sfl`nb smtt`oes

\nolt`fo “ systmc fd rmwnrg nog puo`shcmot tf mosurm thnt ofrcs nrm

dfbbfwmg
Gmv`nolm “ noy nlt`v`ty ky cmckmrs fd n sfl`nb erfup thnt v`fbntms thm
mstnkb`shmg sfl`nb ofrcs

Wypms fd Gmv`nolm
>. @oofv
oofvnt
ntfr
frss “ nllm
nllmpt
pt efnb
efnbs,
s, kut
kut rmjm
rmjmlt
lt cmn
mnos
os tf nl
nlh
h`mv
`mvm th
thfs
fsm
m1 mx
mx..
lfrrupt efvmrocmot fdd`l`nbs

;. [`tu
[`tunb
nb`s
`sts
ts “ rm
rmjmlt
jmlt efnb
efnbs,
s, kut
kut n
nll
llm
mpt sfl`
sfl`nb
nb of
ofrc
rcs1
s1 mx. rm
rmb`e`
b`e`fu
fuss ddno
nont
nt``l

<. [mtrmnt`sts “ rmjmlts kf

kfth ef
efnbs no
nog cm
cmnos ttff nl
nlh`mvm th
thfsm1 m
mxx.
nblfhfb`ls
7. [mkm
[mkmbbs “ rmjm
rmjmlt
ltss kfth
kfth efnb
efnbss nog
nog cmnos
nos tf nl
nlh
h`mv
`mvm thfs
thfsm
m, kut
kut smts
smts up
7. [mkm
[mkmbbs rmjm
rmjmlt
ltss kfth
kfth efnb
efnbss nog
nog cmnos
nos tf nl
nlh
h`mv
`mvm th
thfs
fsm
m, ku
kutt sm
smts
ts up
omw efnbs fr cmnos1 mx. rmkmb bmngmrs
04

]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

Emcm`oslhndt “ n sfl`nb systmc whmrm`o cfst rmbnt`fosh`ps nrm pmrsfonb,
trng`t`fonb, pr`vntm, nog d`b`nb

Emssmbslhndt “ n sfl`nb systmc whmrm`o cfst rmbnt`fosh`ps nrm `cpmrsfonb,

dfrcnb, lfotrnltunb, nog knren`o-b`am

Gmcfernphy “ thm stnt`st`lnb nonbys`s nog gmslr`pt`fo fd hucno pfpubnt`fos

w`th rmdmrmolm tf thm`r s`zm, strulturm, nem, smx, nog fthmr rmbntmg dnltfrs

Dmrt`b`ty “ thm nltunb ouckmr fd lh`bgrmo kfro `o n e`vmo nrmn nt n e`vmo t`cm
Lrugm k`rth rntm “ ouckmr fd rme`stmrmg k`rths pmr >999

Cfrtnb`ty “ thm ouckmr fd gmnths `o n e`vmo nrmn nt n e`vmo t`cm

Lrugm gmnth rntm “ ouckmr fd rme`stmrmg gmnths pmr >999

B`dm mxpmltnoly “ thm nvmrnem ouckmr fd ymnrs n pmrsfo lno mxpmlt tf b`vm
drfc thm cfcmot fd k`rth

C`ernt`fo “ thm spnt`nb cfvmcmots fd n pmrsfo fr erfup fd pmrsfos drfc

fom pbnlm tf nofthmr, dfr pmrcnomot fr tmcpfrnry rms`gmoly1 thmrm nrm twf
a`ogs:
>. @cc`ernt`fo “ whmo fo
fom motmrs h`h`s/
s/h
hmr pb
pbnlm fd g
gm
mst`ont`fo
;. Mc`ernt`fo “ whmo fo
fom bmbmnvms h`
h`s/hmr pb
pbnlm fd
fd f
frr`e`o

Yfpubnt`fo pyrnc`g “ n ernph g`spbny`oe thm nem nog emogmr strulturm fd n

pfpubnt`fo

Gmpmogmoly rnt`f “ thm prfpfrt`fo fd 9-7 nog thm 4=-fvmr nem bmvmbs pmr fom

huogrmg pmrsfos nemg >=-47

Yfpubnt`fo gmos`ty “ thm ouckmr fd pmrsfos thnt lno km mqunbby g`str`kutmg
pmr squnrm a`bfcmtmr, lfos`gmr`oe thm pfpubnt`fo `o thm nrmn

Whmfr`ms fo pfpubnt`fo erfwth nog gmlb`om

>. Cnbthus`no thmfry

Whfcns Cnbthus, `o h`s No Mssny fo thm Yr`ol`pbm fd Yfpubnt`fo
thmfr`zmg thnt thm `olrmnsm `o pfpubnt`fo `s uolfotrfbbnkbm nog thnt
`t wfubg rmnlh, thmo mxlmmg thm bmvmb nt wh`lh thm pbnomt lfubg
sustn`o mnlh `og`v`gunb‐
`og`v`gunb‐ss ommgs
Yfpubnt`fo `olrmnsms emfcmtr`lnbby (;, 7, 8, >4…) wh`bm dffg suppby
 `olrmnsms nr`thcmt`lnbby (;, <, 7, =…).

05

]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

;. Gmcfernph`l trnos`t`fo thmfry
\fl`mt`ms ef thrfueh d`vm stnems fd pfpubnt`fo gyonc`ls:
n. \tnem > “ k`rth nog gmnth rntms nrm h`eh nog stnkbm
k. \tnem ; “ k`rth rn
rntm rm
rmcn`os hh``eh1 gm
gmnth rrn
ntm gmlb`oms g
gu
um tf
`cprfvmcmot fd cmg`l`om nog hmnbth smrv`lms1 `odnot
cfrtnb`ty rntm gmlb`oms
l. \tnem < “ gm
gmnth rn
rntm `s bf
bfw1 k`
k`rth rn
rntm g`c`o`shms ggu
um tf
mxpnos`fo fd wfcmo‐s mgulnt`fo nog nllmss tf
lfotrnlmpt`fo
g. \tnem 7 “ k`rth nog gmnth rntms nrm bfw
m. \tnem
nem = “ foby rmlmotby nggnggmg1 prmg`ltmg kfth cfrm- nog
bmss- dmrt`bm sfl`mt`ms

Cnrr`nem “ thm systmcnt`zmg nog `ost`tut`fonb`zmg purpfsm fd lfot`ou`oe n

dnc`by, nog fd kmemtt`oe nog rmnr`oe lh`bgrmo

Ynttmros fd dnc`by freno`znt`fo

n. Knsmg fo `otmronb freno`znt`fo

>. Oulbmnr dnc`by “ lfcpfsmg fd n husknog nog n w`dm nog
thm`r lh`bgrmo `o n uo`fo rmlfeo`zmg ky fthmr cmckmrs fd
thm sfl`mty
;. Mxtmogmg dnc`by “ lfcpfsmg fd twf fr cfrm oulbmnr
dnc`b`ms, mlfofc`lnbby nog sfl`nbby rmbntmg tf mnlh fthmr
<. Lfojuenb ddn
nc`by “ thm ou
oulbmnr dn
dnc`by ddrrfc n llf
frm ddn
nc`by fo
foby
lfos`st`oe fd spfusms nog thm`r lh`bgrmo
7. Lfosnoeu`omnb dndnc`by “ thm ou
oulbmnr ddn
nc`by dr
drfc n lfrm ddnnc`by
foby lfos`st`oe fd kbffg rmbnt`vms

k. Knsmg fo gmslmot (emomnbfe`lnb t`ms fd n pmrsfo)

>. K`bntmrnb gmslmot“ nllfuot`oe fd gmslmot thrfueh kfth thm
dnthmr‐s nog thm cfthmr‐s dnc`b`ms
;. Yntr`b`omnb gmslm
slmot- nllfu
lfuot`oe fd gmslmo
lmot thr
hrfu
fue
eh thm
dnthmr‐s dnc`by foby
<. Cntr`b`omnb gmslmot- nllfuot`oe fd gmslmot thrfueh thm
cfthmr‐s dnc`by foby

l. Knsmg fo rms`gmolm
>. Yntr
tr`b
`bfl
flnb
nb “ thm
thm dnc`b
nc`byy b`v
b`vms w`th
w`th fr omnr
mnr thm
thm hu
huskskno
nog
g‐s dnc`b
nc`byy
;. Cntr`bf
`bflnb “ thm dndnc`by
`by b`b`vms w`
w`th fr
fr om
omnr tth
hm w`
w`dm‐s dn
dnc`by
`by
<. Omfbflnb “ thm dn dnc`by b`b`vms `o
`o n omw h
hffcm, `o`ogmpmogmot
 drfc mnlh fd thm lfupbm s pnrmots
7. K`bf
`bflnb “ thm dnc`by
`by b`vms w`th fr omnr thm husknog‐s fr
08
w`dm‐s dnc`by

]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

g. Knsmg fo nuthfr`ty
>. Yntr`nr
nrllhy “ thm fbgmst cnbm `o thm dnc`by `s `o-lhnrem,
usunbby thm dnthmr
;. Cntr`nrlhy “ thm fbgmst dmcnbm `o thm dnc`by `s `o-lhnrem,
usunbby thm cfthmr
<. Mqunb`tnr`no/Menb`tnr`no “ thm hu
husknog no
nog tthhm w
w``dm `s `o
`o-
lhnrem, mxmrl`s`oe n cfrm fr bmss mqunb ncfuot

Fthmr tmrcs nog lfolmpts

Nb`mont`fo
Nb` mont`fo “ no `og`v`gun
`og`v` gunb‐
b‐ss dmmb`
dmm b`oes
oes fd mstrnoemcmot
mstrnoemcmot drfcdrfc n s`tunt`fo,
s`tunt`fo, n
erfup, fr n lubturm
Nrlhnmfb
Nrlhn mfbfey
fey “ thm sl`mot`d
sl`m ot`d`l
`l nonbys`s fd thm cntmr`nb rmcn`os fr nrt`dnrt`dnlt
nltss
Nslr`kmg stntus “ n sfl`nb
sfl`nb pfs`t`fo
pfs`t` fo nss`eomg tf n pmrsfo nt k`rth
Lnstm
Lns tm systmc “ n systmc
systmc fd sfl`nb `omqunb`ty
` omqunb`ty `o
` o wh`lh no `og`v`gunb‐s
`og` v`gunb‐s stntus
`s gmtmrc`omg nt k`rth, usunbby nllfrg`oe tf thm`r pnrmots‐ sfl`nb pfs`t`fo
Lubturnb pburnb`sc “ mcphns`zms thm ngvnotnems fd lubturnb g`vmrs`ty
G`slr`c`ont`fo
G`slr`c`ont` fo “ nlt
nlt fd c`strmntcmot fd pmfpbm
pm fpbm knsmg fo lntmefr`znt`fo
lntmefr`znt`fo
wh`lh nrm `rrmbmvnot tf thm s`tunt`fo
Mthofern
Mthof ernphy
phy “ thm g`rmlt
g` rmlt pnrt`l`
pnrt`l`pnot
pnot fksmrvnt`fo fd n scnbb erfup, nog
rmlfrgmg `o wr`ttmo gmslr`pt`fo
Emomrnb`zmg fthmrs
fthmrs “ n lh`bg‐s emomrnb`zmg `cpr
` cprmss`fo
mss`fo fd whnt
whnt fthmr pmfpbm
mxpmlt drf
d rfc
c h`c/hmr
Hmemcfoy “ thm `gmfb` gmfbfe`lnb/lubturnb
fe`lnb/lubturnb gfc`ont`fo fd fom sfl`nb erfup fvmr
nofthmr
ClGfon
lGfonbg`
bg`znt
znt`fo
`fo fd sfl`mty
sfl`mty “ thm pr`ol`pb
pr`ol`pbms
ms (mdd
( mdd`l`m
`l`mol
oly,
y, lnblubnk`b
lnblubnk`b`ty,
`ty,
prmg`ltnk`b`` ty) fd thm dnstdffg rmstnurnot
prmg`ltnk`b rmstnurnot nrm
nrm lfc`oe tf gfc`ontm
gfc`ontm cfrm nog
cfrm smltfrs
smltfrs fd sfl`m
sfl`mtyty
Cmenbfpfb`
menbfpfb ` s “ n gmvmbfp`
gmvm bfp`oeoe urkno
urkno dfrc `o wh`lhwh` lh smpnrntm
smpnrntm l`t`ms
l`t` ms erfw
tfemthmr nog kmlfcm `otmrgmpmogmot
\ampt`l`sc “ n lnbb
lnbb dfr fkjmlt`vm
fkjmlt`vm nonbys`
nonbys`ss fd nbb nspmlts
nspmlts fd sfl`mty1 n
suspmos`fo fd jugecmot uot`b uot`b nbb `odfr
`od frcn
cnt`fo
t`fo nrm
nrm `o
`o
\fl`fk`fbfey
\fl`fk`fb fey “ stntms thnt sfl`nb
sfl`nb erfups
erfups ngnpt tf thm`r
thm` r mov`rfoc
mov` rfocmot,
mot, ky thm
mvfbut`fo fd emomt`ln
emomt` lnbbbby
y gmtmrc`omg trn`ts
trn`ts
\tmrmftypms “ s`cpb`d`mg nog uosuppfrtmg emomrnb`znt`fos nkfut fthmrs1
usmg dfr
d fr g`slr`c`
g`slr`c`onont`fo
t`fo

]ogmrerfuog mlf
mlfofcy
ofcy “ thm kus`omss
kus` omss fd surv`v`oe
surv`v` oe ns shfwo ky s`gmwnba
s`gmwnb a
vmogfrs, strmmt vmogfrs
* - cmnos thnt thm
thm mo
motry
try `s rnoamg
rnoamg d`rst
d` rst `o thm wfrbg `o `ts
` ts rmspmlt`vm lntmefry
lntmefry
 00

]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

EMFE[NYHP
 >99

]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

N]\W[NB
OF[WH \F]WH
N\@N ND[@LN M][FYM N\@N NOG NOWN[LW@LN
NCM[@LN NCM[@LN
FLMNO@N

[noa (ky
>st ;og <rg 7th 4th 5th =th
bnog nrmn)

[noa (`o
hucno >st ;og 7th =th <rg 4th 5th
pfpubnt`fo)

A`b`cnojnr Nlfolneun Nfrna`

H`ehmst *Mvmrmst Gmonb` Mbkrus T`osfo
f (Nremot`on (Omw
cfuotn`o (Ompnb) (]\N) ([uss`n) Cnss`d
(Wnozno`n) ) Zmnbnog)

Bfoemst Ermnt [flay Ermnt

\lnog`on Wrnosnotnrl
cfuotn`o H`cnbnyns Mslnrpcm Cfuotn` *Nogms G`v`g`oe
v`no t`l
t`l
rnoem ot os [noem
Bfoemst
Pnoetzm *O`bm C`ssfur` Ncnzfo Tfben Currny Foyx
r`vmr
*Lnsp`no C`lh`eno-
Bnremst bnam T`ltfr`n W`t`lnln Bngfen Myrm Tfstfa
\mn Hurfo
Ermnt Ermnt
Efk` *\nhnrn Knrgmons
Bnremst Kns`o Ntnlncn T`ltfr`n
(Cfoef-b`n1 (Ofr-thmro [mnbms @tsmbd
gmsmrt (]\N1 (Lh`bm) (Nustrnb`
Lh`on) Ndr`ln) (\pn`o)
Cmx`lf) n)
Bnremst
Lh`on Nbemr`n Lnongn Krnz`b *[uss`n Nustrnb`n O/N
lfuotry
\n`ot
\cnbbmst *Tnt`lno
Cnbg
nbg`vm
`vms \mylhm
lhmbbm
bbms A`tts nog \ur`oncm Onuru O/N
lfuotry L`ty
Omv`s

Cfst pfpu-
*Lh`on O`emr`n ]\N Krnz`b [uss`n Nustrnb`n O/N
bfus lfuotry

Cfst
*\hnoehn`, Bnefs, Cmx`lf, \ìf Ynubf,
Ynubf, Cfslfw, \ygomy,
pfpubfus O/N
l`ty Lh`on O`emr`n Cmx`lf Krnz`b [uss`n Nustrnb`n
Of. fd
78 =7 ;< >; => >7 O/N
 lfuotr`ms

* cmnos thm motry `s rnoamg d`rst `o thm wfrbg `o `ts rmspmlt`vm lntmefry >9>

]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

D`vm bnremst `sbnogs `o thm wfrbg:
>. E rm m ob no g 7. Cngnenslnr
;. Om w Eu ` o m n =. Kndd`o @sbnog (fd Lnongn)
<. Kf r om f

Lfuotr`ms w`th bnremst ouckmr fd Lhr`st`no pfpubnt`fo:

>. ]\N 7. C mx ` l f
;. Krnz`b =. O`e mr`n
<. [uss`n

Lfuotr`ms w`th bnremst ouckmr fd Cusb`c pfpubnt`fo:

>. @ogfoms`n 7. K no e b ng ms h
;. @og`n =. O`e mr`n
<. Yna`stno

\mvmo Ufogmrs…
Ufogmrs… bb`sts
`sts
… fd thm Nol`mot … fd Onturm … fd thm Cfgmro Ufrb g
Ufrbg*
>. Ermnt Yyrnc`g fd E`zn >. Nurfr
Nu rfrnsns kfrmnb`s
kfrmnb` s nog >. Lhnoomb Wuoomb
(Meypt) - n tfck dfr nustrnb`
nustrn b`ss - n onturnb
onturnb b`eht
b` eht (kmtwmmo
(kmtwmm o ]A-Drnol
]A-Drnolm)
m) -
phnrnfhs g`spbny
g`spb ny `o thm Mnrth's
Mnrth's bfoemst uogmrsmn
say, v`s`kbm
v`s` kbm tf thmthm pfbnr pfrt`fo
pfr t`fo fd noy tuoomb `o
rme`fos thm wfrbg
;. Wmcpbm fd Nrtmc`s ;. Ernog
Ernog Lnoyfo (]\N) - ;. LO Wfwmr (Lnongn) -
amy) - n tmcpbm tf Omnr
(Wuramy)
(Wur Omnrbyby twf k`bb`
k`b b`fo
fo ymnrs
ymnrs tnbbmst drmmstn
drmm stnog`oe
og`oe
efggmss
efg gmss Nrtmc`s fd Mnrth's
Mnrth's emfbfe`lnb
emfbfe` lnb strulturm
strul turm `o thm wfrbg
wfrb g
h`stfry
h`stfr y hnvm kmmokm mo >054“;995
mxpfsmg thrfueh `ts
bnymrs upfo bnymrs fd
rfla.
<. Hnoe`oe Enrgmos fd <. Ermnt Knrr`mr [mmd <. Mcp
Mcp`` rm \tntm
\tntm Ku`bg`oe
Ku`b g`oe
Knkybfo (@rnq) - (Nustrnb`
(Nustrn b`n)
n) - thm wfrbg's (Omw
(Om w Pfra,
Pfra, ]\N)
]\N) -
Omkulhngomzznr @@ ku`bt bnremst lfrnb
lfrnb rmmd tnbbmst strulturm `o thm
th`s dfr h`s
h`s w`dm
w` dm whf systmc wfrbg
wfrb g >0<>
>0<>“>“>04
0451
51 d`
d ` rst
wns c`ss`oe hmr hfcm. ku`bg`oe
ku`b g`oe w`th
w` th fvmr >9 >99
stfr`ms.
 >9;

]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

7. \tntum fd Zmus 7. Eunonknrn Kny 7. Efbgm

Efbgmoo Entm
Entm Kr`gem
Kr`gem
(Ermmlm) - n shr`om tf (Krnz`b) - smlfog bnremst (Lnb`dfro`n, ]\N)
]\N) -
Zmus kny `o Krnz`b bfoemst suspmos`fo
kr`gem cn`o
cn`o spno
spno `o
` o thm
wfrbg drfc >0<5 tf >047

=. Cnusfb
Cnusfbmuc
muc nt =. Cfuot Mvmrmst
Mvmrms t =. @tn`pu Gnc
Hnb`
Hn b`ln
lnron
ronssus
ssus (Wuramy) - (Ompnb/Lh`on) - Wf (Krnz`b
(Krn z`b/Ynrn
/Ynrneuny)
euny) -
n tfck dfr Cnusfb
Cnusfbus
us W`kmtnos,
W`kmtnos, `ts oncm
oncm `s bnremst fpmrnt`oe
Lhfcfbuoecn hygrfmbm
hygr fmbmlt
ltr`l
r`l dnl`b
dnl`b`ty
`ty `o
thm wfrbg `o tmrcs fd
noounb momrey
emomrnt`fo
4. Lfbfssus fd [hfgms 4. Ynrãlut`o Tfblnof
Tfb lnof 4. Gmbtn
(Ermmlm)
(Er mmlm) - lmbmkrnt`fo
lmbmkrnt`fo (Cmx`
(C mx`llf) - prmsmotmg Ufras/Zu`gmrzmm
Uf ras/Zu`gmrzmm Ufras
Ufras
fd [hfgms' v`ltfr
v` ltfry
y fvmrthm d`rst
d `rst fllns`fo
fllns`fo dfr (Omthmrbnogs) - bnremst
thm rubmr
rubm r fd Lyprus
Lyprus cfgmro sl` sl` molm tf hygrnub`l
hygr nub`l moe`ommr`oe
moe` ommr`oe
gflucmot
gfl ucmot thm dubb b`dmb `dm prfjmlt
lylbm
lyl bm fd no mrupt`fo fd
th`s typm
5. B`ehthfusm fd 5. T`ltfr
T` ltfr`n`n Dnbbs
Dnbb s 5. Ynoncn Lnonb
Nbmxnogr
Nbm xnogr`n
`n (M
( Meypt) - n (Znck`n/Z`ckn
(Znc k`n/Z`cknkwm) kwm) - (`sthcus
(` sthcus fd Ynon
Ynoncn)
cn) -
eu`gm dfr trngm
trngm sh`ps tf bflnbb
bflnbby y aofwo ns Cfs`-
Cfs`- lutt`oe
lutt `oe thm trnvmb t`cm
Nbmxnogr`n fn-Wuoyn, "Whm "Whm \cfam ky lfoomlt`oe thm
thnt Whuogmrs" Ntbnot`ll nog Ynl`
Ntbnot` Ynl` d`
d`ll
Flmnos c`gwny

Omw \mvmo Ufogmrs fd Omw

Omw5Ufog
Ufogmr
mrss On
Ontur
turm … fd
fd th
thm C`g
C`gg
gbm Ne
Nems
thm Ufrbg*
U frbg** *
>. Ermnt
Ermnt Unb
Unb b fd Lh`on
Lh` on “ >. @eunzu Dnbbs
Dnbb s >. \tfomhmoem
ku`btt dfr gmdmosm
ku`b (Nremot`on/Kr
(Nremot `on/Krnz`b)
nz`b) - (Moebnog) - lfos`sts fd n
nen`os
nen `ostt thm knrknr`nos
knrknr`nos bnremst wntmrdnbbs r`oe fd stnog`oe stfoms
nog dfr pr`lm lfotrfb
lfotrfb fd systmc `o thm wfrbg
effgs drfc
drfc thm \`ba
\`b a

;. Ymtrn ;. H6 Bfoe Kny ;. Bmno`oe Wfwmr fd YY`sn

`sn
(Jfrgno) - dncf
d ncfus
us dfr `ts (T`
(T`mtonc
mtonc)) - thm oncm
oncm (@tnby) - aofwo
rfla-lut nrlh`
nrlh`tmlturm
tmlturm cmnos ‘gmslmog`oe wfrbgw`
wfr bgw`gm
gm dfr `ts
 grnefo‐ uo`otmogmg t`bt
>9<

]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

B`st fd dfrcmr oncms

oncms fd prmsmot-
prms mot-gny
gny lfuotr`ms
lfuotr`ms
Yrmsmot oncm Dfrcm r oncm
>. Lnckfg` n Ancpulhmn
;. Drnolm Enub
<. Wfayf, Jnpno Mgf, Jnpno
7. Hf Lh` C` oh L` ty, T ` mtonc \n`efo, \futh T` m tonc

=. Gmcflrnt` l [m pukb `l fd Lfoef Zn` rm

4. @rnq Cm sfpftnc` n
5. Cynocnr Kurcn
8. @rno Ymrs` n
0. @stnokub, Wuramy Lfostnot` ofpb m, Wuram y
Lflh`olh`on
Lfl h`olh`on (sfuth),
>9. T`m
T `mtonc
tonc Noonc (lmotrnb), Wfoa`o (ofrth)
>>. \r` Bnoan Lm yb fo
>;. Whn` b nog \` nc

><. Wn` wno Dfrcfsn

>7. Mth` fp` n Nkyss` o` n

>=. \t. Ym tmrskure, [uss` n Ym trferng nog Bmo` oerng, [uss` n

B`st fd wmbb-aofwo dmst`vnbs

Oncm Bflnt` fo Gntm
rg
Nt` -nt` hno Anb ` kf, Nab no < wmma
wmmamog
mog fd Jnounry
rg
\` o u b f e Lm ku L` ty, Lm ku < wmma
wmmamog
mog fd Jnounry
th
G` oneynoe @b f` b f L` ty, @b f` b f 7 wmma
wmmamog
mog fd Jnounry
Ynonekm oen Kneu` f L` ty, Km oeum t Dm krunry
Cfr` fom s Cnr` oguqum Hfb y Um ma
th
Ynh` yns Bulkno, ^um zfo Cny >=
th
Y` otngfs Wnlb fkno L` ty Juom ;0
rg
Angnynwno Gnvnf L` ty < wmma fd Nueust
th
Cnssanrn Knlfb fg L` ty Fltfkmr >0
\no Dmronogf L`ty,
E`not Bnotmro \nturgny
\nturgny kmdfrm
kmd frm Lhr`stcns Mvm
Yncpnoen
 >97

]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

B`st fd l`ty nog cuo`l`pnb`ty o`laoncms `o thm Yh`b`pp`oms

Cno`bn - Whm G`st`oeu`shmg nog
^umzfo L`ty
L` ty “ Whm
Whm L`ty
L` ty fd \tnrs
Mvmr Bfynb
Bfynb L`ty
L` ty
Gneupno “ C`bad`
Gneupno `b ad`sh
sh Lnp`tnb fd thm
th m Kflnum,
Kflnum, Kubnl
Kub nlno
no “ D`rmwfras Lnp`tnb fd
Yh`b`pp`oms thm Yh`b`pp`oms
Yh`b` pp`oms
Lmku L`ty “ Whm
Whm ^ummo L`ty fd thm
Knlf
Knlfbfg
bfg “ Whm L`ty
L` ty fd \c`bm
\c` bmss \futh
[fxns L`ty “ \mndffg Lnp`tnb fd thm
Znckfnoen
Znckfnoen L`ty “ L`ty fd Dbfwmrs
Db fwmrs
Yh`b`pp`oms
Emom
momrnb
rnb \notfs “ Wuon
Wuon Lnp`tnb fd G`pfb fe L`ty “ Frlh`g
G`pfbfe Frlh`g L`ty
L` ty fd thm
thm Yh`b`pp`oms
Yh`b` pp`oms Yh`b`pp`oms
\ncnb, Gnvnf gmb Ofrtm “ @sbnog
@sb nog Cnt`, Gnvnf
Gnvnf Fr`motnb
Fr`m otnb “ Lflfout
Lflfout Lnp`tnb
Enrgmo L`
L`ty
ty fd thm
thm Yh`b`pp`oms
Yh`b` pp`oms
Eu`cnrns “ Cnoef Lnp`tnb fd thm Lnc`eu`
Lnc`eu`oo “ Bnozfoms
Bnozfoms Lnp`tnb fd thm
Yh`b`pp`oms Yh`b`pp`oms

B`st fd sfcm lfuotr`ms nog thm`r lnp`tnbs

LF]OW[P LNY@WN B LF]OW[P LNY@WNB

Nustrnb ` n Lnokm rrn @srnm b Jm rusnb m c
Krnz` b Kr
Krns` b ` n @tnb y [fcm
Kruom` Knognr \m r` Km enwno Jnpno Wfayf
Lnckfg` n YhofcYm oh Jfrgno Nccno
Lnongn Fttnwn Auwn` t Auwn` t
Lh` on Km ` j `oe Bnfs T ` mot` nom
Meypt Ln` rf Bm knofo Km ` rut
Em rcnoy Km rb ` o B` kyn Wr` pfb `
Erm m lm Nthm os Cnb nys` n Aunb nBucpur
@ o g` n Om wGm b h` Cynocnr Pnoefo
@ ogf om s ` n Jnanrtn Om w Zm nb nog Umb b ` oetfo
@rno Wm hrno Ofrth Afrm n Yyfoeynoe
 @rnq Knehgng Yfrtuenb B` skfo

>9=

]BW@CNWM BMN[O@OE E]@GM WF \FL@NB \L@MOLM

LF]OW[P LNY@WNB LF]OW[P LNY@WNB

[uss` n Cfslfw Whn` b nog Knoeafa
\nug` Nrnk` n [` yngh W` cfr Bm stm
\` oenpfrm \` oenpfrm Wuram y No
Noanrn
\futh Afrm n \m f u b ]NM NkuGhnk`
\pn` o Cngr` g ]A Bfogfo
\yr` n Gncnslus ]\N Unsh` oetfo,G.L.
Wn` wno Wn` pm ` T ` m tonc Hnof`

[MDM[MOLM\:

Nefol`bbf, W. N. (>009). H`stfry fd thm D`b`p`of pmfpbm (8th mg.). ^umzfo L`ty,
Yh`b`pp`oms: Enrftmlh Yukb`sh`oe.

Kustncnotm, M. G. (;9><). \ubynp sn ansnysnyno oe Y`b`p`ons . ^umzfo L`ty,

Yh`b`pp`oms: \t. Kmrongmttm Yukb`sh`oe Hfusm Lfrpfrnt`fo.

G`o`f, [. Y., & Mstnbbf, G. K. (;9>9). Cfv`oe dfrwnrg: Mlfofc`ls dfr h`eh
slhffb stugmots. Cnant` L`ty,
L`ty, Yh`b`pp`oms:
Yh`b` pp`oms: Gfo Kfslf Yrmss, @ol.

\ncsfo, C. K., Notfo`f, M. G., Gnbbf, M. C., @cpmr`nb, L. C., & \fr`nof, L. G.
(;9>9). Anyncnono @@ (;og mg.). Cno`bn, Yh`b`pp`oms: [mx Kffa \tfrm, @ol.

\no Juno, U. [., Lmotmof, C. J., Wmþfsf, C. ^., & Notmrfbn, C. E. (;995).

\fl`fbfey, lubturm nog dnc`by pbnoo`oe . Yns`e L`ty, Yh`b`pp`oms: ]obng

Yukb`sh`oe Hfusm.

\fr`nof, L. G., Notfo`f, M. G., Gnbbf, M. C., @cpmr`nb, L. C., & \ncsfo, C. K.
(;9>9). Anyncnono @@@ (>st mg.). Cno`bn, Yh`b`pp`oms: [mx Kffa \tfrm, @ol.