2015 International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Internet of Things (IC1T)

Industrie 4.0: Enabling Technologies

*
Jiafu Wan Hu Cai , Keliang Zhou
School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering and Automation,
South China University of Technology Jiangxi University of Science and Technology
Guangzhou, China Ganzhou, China
*
Jiafuwan_7 6@163.com Caihu_2014@163.com, Corresponding author

Abstract-With the development of industries, we have With the introduction of the new internet protocol IPv62 in
realized the third industrial revolution. Following the 2012, now we have sufficient addresses available to enable
development of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), industrial wireless universal products direct networking of smart objects via the
network and some other enabling technologies, the fourth internet. This means that for the first time ever it is now
industrial revolution is being gradually rolled out. This paper possible to search network resources, information, objects and
presents an overview of the background, concept, basic methods, people to create the internet of things and services. The effects
major technologies and application scenarios for industrie 4.0. In of this phenomenon will also be felt by industry. Then we can
our view, industrie 4.0 as an abstract concept can closely integrate make everyone directly participate in the production process
the physical world with virtual world. This strategy of industrie
through internet, which is the shape of social manufacturing. In
4.0 will lead to more and more people coming to participate in the
the realm of manufacturing, this technological evolution can be
manufacturing process and further popularize our products
described as the fourth stage of industrialisation, or industrie 4.0
through CPS technology. The typical approach for industrie 4.0 is
(see Fig. I).
the social manufacturing. In fact, the social manufacturing can
directly link our customers' need and our industries, but it must In this article, we elaborate the transformation of
be based on the enabling technologies, such as embedded systems, commercial production and the coming of social manufacturing,
wireless sensor network, industrial robots, 3D printing, cloud largely based on the background of industrie 4.0. In addition,
computing, and big data. Therefore, this paper in detail explains we use some key enabling technologies to exhibit their basic
these concepts, advantages and the relations to industries. We can
methods and influences to the industrial revolution. Finally, we
foresee that our life will be changed to be more efficient, fast, safe
put forward the conclusion that industrie 4.0 with the support of
and convenient due to the development of industrie 4.0 in the near
the enabling technologies will promote the industrial
future.
development and transformation.

Keywords-Industrie 4.0; cyber-physical systems; industrial

wireless network; social manufacturing; cloud computing; big data

I. INTRODUCTION

As we know, Germany has one of the most competitive Based on Cyber­

Physical Production
manufacturing industries in the world. This is due to its ability Systems
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to manage complex industrial process where different tasks are
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performed by different partners in different geographical ������----��
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locations. It has been successfully employing Information and u
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Communication Technology (lCT) to do this for several "

decades. As we know, approximately 90 percent of all industrial �====��----1-���� �

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manufacturing chains are already supported by ICT. The
Information Technology (IT) evolution has brought about a Industries 2.0
radical transformation of the world in which we live and work,
with an impact comparable to that of mechanization and
electricity in the first and second industrial revolutions. The Industries 1.0
evolution of PCs into smart devices has been accompanied by a Start of Today
18th 20th 70ies
trend for more and more IT infrastructure and services to be
Fig. 1. The four industrial revolution history [3]
provided through smart networks. In conjunction with ever
greater miniaturization and the unstoppable march of the MOTIVATION
II.
internet, this trend is ushering in a world where ubiquitous
computing is becoming a reality. Powerful, autonomous Due to Chinese lack of workers and energy CrISIS, the
microcomputers (e.g., embedded systems) are increasingly manufacture should develop toward smart production. The
being wirelessly networked with each other and with the concept industrie 4.0 is based on intelligent manufacturing­
internet [1]. This has resulted in the convergence of the physical oriented fourth industrial revolution, or a revolutionary
world and the virtual world (cyberspace) in the form of production method [3]. This strategy aims to take full advantage
Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) [2]. of ICT combining with CPS to make the manufacturing process

978-1-4799-7534-1114/$31.00 m015 IEEE 135 Harbin,China

be transformed to intelligence [4-6]. The basic model of modes, intelligent factory is to significantly improve resource
distributed control changes enhanced by centralized control, the utilization, greatly reduce the storage and distribution cycle of
goal is to create a highly flexible personalized and digitized personalized production and the real-time image display
production model of products and services. Especially, after the products, which is as a tie to link the production with real-time
3D printing technology becomes popular, more and more customers' demand.
traditional production mode will be changed. A new model of
But we must note that intelligent factory doesn't mean
social manufacturing will become an important part of industry.
unmanned work shop. In the mode of smart factory, all of the
In this model, traditional industry boundaries will disappear,
people from everywhere can take part in the production process
and new domains and cooperation form play a role. The general
via internet and some other channels. Human is the core to
public will participate in the design, sale and improve our
achieve interaction, make decision, realize process optimization
products. The process of creating new value will be changed;
and play an important role in the design, installation, updating
industrial chains division will be restructured. Advocating
and maintenance of Cyber-Physical Production System (CPPS),
Internet of Things and Services (ITS) aims to link production
Internet of Things (loT) and cloud [11, 12]. This is a way of
and sales, and achieve production automation under the
social manufacturing. So, smart factories will coexist in
Machine to Machine (M2M) operational structure [7-9]. Then,
harmony with human.
we can achieve smart production, green production and urban
production. 1) Embedded Design
The intelligent factory aims to achieve the integration of
Rolling out industrie 4.0 will not only strengthen factories'
virtual world and the physical world based on CPS, loT and
competitive position, but drive solutions to both global
cloud [13]. loT is an application-oriented engineering
challenges (e.g. resource and energy efficiency) and national
technology, which combines with sensors technology, computer
challenges (e.g. managing demographic change). What's more,
technology and network technology [14]. In our daily life, the
it will change our traditional way of manufacturing and take us
smart sensors, wireless network, information display and
more convenient and green product. Especially, in the mode of
processing that are used in producing departments all contain a
3D printing, the process of joining materials to make objects
large number of embedded systems technology and application.
from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to
The developing smart sensor chip technology and embedded
subtractive manufacturing technologies. In this way, we may
software system that will be used to detect and transfonn
save so much material and produce less industrial waste.
information in the factories are the two key development
However, it is inevitable to affect technological innovations
directions which are closely related to the development of
within their social cultural context, since cultural and social
embedded system. Actually, compared with traditional
changes are also major drivers of innovation in their own right.
embedded system, loT is a new embedded application which
This will in turn have significant implications for productivity
has more and complex levels [15]. loT has not only real-time
by optimizing the relationship between technological and social
applications displayed on the perception layer but data
innovation processes.
processing and analysis used in application layer [16].
III. ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES
Today, the social infonnatization is gradually accelerating.
The enabling technologies refer to one or a series of wide The embedded system and network application are becoming a
and multidisciplinary characteristics application to complete part of our life. In production, embedded system is an important
tasks. Industrie 4.0 is to set up intelligent manufacturing and support to industrial infrastructure [17]. Now, approximately
intelligent factory based on cPS. So it is inevitable to use these any kinds of production chains are using embedded system to
technologies to link the internet, transform orders, pick-up realize auto-control and communication. The main object of
information, store data, etc. Under the mutual integration and embedded system applications is that these equipment and
optimization of enabling technologies, it will become more products need digitization, intelligence and network. The
simple, convenient and accurate to production, processing and embedded system applications can not only improve our quality
molding [10]. What's more, with these technologies to collect, of life, but change the way of traditional industries' production,
convey, and process people's idea, and combine the customer's operation and service. Then it will obtain huge social and
need with production chains, it will be better to meet people's economic benefit for enterprises. For another part, what we
needs. want is to realize any part of the factory can be set to
autosensing, auto-selecting and auto-detecting, which is just the
Industrie 4.0 has two main themes, one is intelligent factory,
advantage of embedded system [18].
which is aim to study intelligent production system and
accomplish networked distributed production facilities. The 2) Industrial Wireless Network
other is intelligent manufacturing, which is mainly related to the With the deepening development of enterprise information
entire enterprise production logistics management, technology, and business model's innovation, more and more
human-computer interaction and 3D printing technology in professional work is associated with the network [19]. So, if we
industrial processes. Under these two objectives, we need to carry out our companies' operation and service deployment to
complete the efforts in four areas: new methods, new achieve big breakthrough, then we need users, applications and
technologies, new demands, and new models. professional work to integrate with network. But, it will
inevitable to take some new challenge and advantages to the
A. Realizing Smart Factory
development of wireless network: a) globalization of business
The intelligent factory means distributed equipment with expansion and the structure of headquarters and diversion
some smart production that forms a highly intelligent organism combine with diversified partner, which need every enterprises
in the realization of data exchange, to achieve the integration of to realize interconnection through network; b) globalization of
virtual world and the physical world. Compared with previous

136
business expansion and the structure of headquarters and automation and efficiency; b) reduce labor costs, especially in
diversion combine with diversified partner, which need every handling with large products and goods which have some
enterprises to realize interconnection through network; c) the corrosive, hazardous material. Then we can increase benefit;
use of cloud manufacturing, loT and multimedia service need and c) improve efficiency. [t is used to drive truck to handle
industrial campus network to be faster, safer and have better goods, which is inconvenient to shuttling in small space. And
quality; d) the increasing complexity of network needs factories AGV is outstanding in this regard.
have more professional deployment and more sophisticated
AGV is the real sense of robot that integrates the technology
strategy; e) traditional security protection is inevitable
of robot, intelligent equipment and [CT. It is a typical
becoming the weakness of network. So it cannot fulfill
representative of intelligent manufacturing to solve the
customers' need of information's security protection. And we
transformation process between factories, workshop and
must fmd some new way to strengthen the security protection; f)
production line to manufacturing realization. It will also make
the diversification terminal and complex scene of application
our work environment fast and safe.
need enterprise network can be accessed by any terminal
anywhere; g) enterprise network needs to carry business-critical 4) Integration and Optimization
7 x 24 hours of uninterrupted operation with high reliable Intelligent factory is a part of social manufacturing. It is the
requirements; enterprise network needs to establish an efficient side that we can use to search crowdsource and automatic
and simple network to avoid energy consumption of the production. Intelligent factories contain embedded technology,
redundancy device and link; and h) campus networks often need wireless network technology and some other technologies. It is
to adjust the coverage, range, bandwidth and business properties, a big platform which is composed of Information Facility
so it needs to be able to smoothly adapt to these adjustments. Systems (IFS), Information Application Systems (lAS),
Equipment Management System (EMS) and Public Safety
In the cloud manufacturing and loT era, it is necessary to
System (PSS) through the way of modernized [T technology,
provide Terminal-to-Terminal (T2T) network service for
wireless network and production system. Intelligent factories
enterprises to help them deal with these challenges and
improve the industrial chain, to provide security, stable,
accelerate globalization and informatization reform. On the
efficient, high-quality, energy, environmental and healthful
other hand, industrial wireless networks (see Fig. 2) are the
production environment [22].
essential technology to link any part of the factories and make
them integrate to complete our task. [t is no exaggeration to say, The development of intelligent factories is a new direction
industrial wireless network is the most key point to realize of industrie 4.0. And it has some manifest advantages that are
intelligence. It is the media to link our equipment and help them showing as follows:
to communicate with each other and exchange their data [20].
Using stable and energy-efficient wireless network will help us a) System with independent capability: The system can
to work efficient and convenient. collect and analyze inside and outside information to
programming their behavior.

. . -
-
.... -
,
signal
b) Practice a whole visual technology:
processing, reasoning, estimating,
Combine with
simulation and
multimedia technology to show the design and manufacturing

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rnonit01ing
process truly.
c) Coordination, reorganization and expansion

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characteristics: Any part of the system can make the best
system structure according to their own tasks.

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d) Self-learning and maintenance capabilities: Through
Production its self-learning technology to supplement, update and diagnose
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logistics
�"\::I!) Office network the system during production. Then it can solve the problem or
o request the personnel to handle.
Customer e) Human-computer coexistence system: Human and
relationship �ommumcat10n
�� network computer coordinate and cooperate with each other to play their
respective advantages.
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B. Realizing Intelligent Production and Management

[ntelligent manufacturing is another direction of industrie
Fig. 2. The use of industrial wireless network
4.0. It is mainly related to production and logistics management,
human-computer interaction, and 3D printing technology.
3) Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV)
Intelligent manufacturing is to fabricate product that integrate
[ndustrial revolution promotes the progress of human
the informatization and industrialization. [n recent years, it has
civilization, and robots promote the progress of industrial
been a profound transformation in information technology and
revolution. The formation of intelligent factory is part of
industrial areas. Cloud computing, big data, mobile internet and
intelligent revolution, and wireless AGV is an important part of
social network have changed the traditional mode of thinking,
intelligent factory [2 []. AGV are automatic machines that make
and took information technology to even bigger stage to fulfill
a great contribution to factories in transport, weightlifting,
the needs of industrial development. In industrial areas, from
detection, etc. Now, with the integration of [CT, AGV becomes
industrial wireless network to social manufacturing, there are
more and more intelligent. And it will take us much more
more and more information technologies merging into
convenient to use AGV: a) it can increase the degree of

137
techniques of automation which even increase the intelligence promotes the increase of application and strengthens software's
of industries. What's more, the 3D printing has been produced function [29]. Cloud computing brings a new trend of the
and became popular, which has made a big transform to development of structure and changes applications' frame. It
manufacturing in the way of changing the mode of reduction makes applications develop from the built-in single apps, local
production to additive production [23, 24]. Using social network apps and terminal apps to apps with cloud platform, online apps
and 3D printing technology, anyone can participate in the and cross tenninal apps. At the same time, with the
process of production chain and any computer may become a development of production capacity and the application grow
small factory. With the transfonnation of information and with each passing day, more and more data that are hard to
manufacturing, intelligent manufacturing has reached a new searching and using will be produced, so it is necessary to use
level of development [25]. cloud computing to solve it and find our needful data faster and
more convenient.
1) Industrial Cloud
As we know, cloud computing is a service-oriented On the time of intelligent manufacturing, cloud computing
computing mode. In recent years, it is very popular and is an important support to industry. The aim of industries is to
becomes mature gradually. We can all know that, this is realize intelligent fabrication and social manufacturing, but the
information age and the most important is data. Every day, we key point of these is to realize social computing and upgrade
will produce countless data from all kinds of equipment and our machine to be smarter. This is just the advantage domain of
users. We want to realize social manufacturing, but the first cloud computing.
thing is searching from these crowdsource to fmd the social
2) Industrial Big Data
demand, which is impossible to use traditional computing.
Big data needs new processing mode to have more
Cloud computing can manage a lot of virtual computing data
decision-making power, insight and process optimization ability.
and make up a resource pool that can be used to provide
Big data and cloud computing are the two sides of one coin that
on-demand service for personal and business users through
are inseparable. Big data can't be operated by only one
autonomous and heterogeneous service mode on internet. It has
computer, and it must use distributed architecture to handle this.
some features, such as large scale, virtualization, versatility,
Big data's feature is Software as a Service (SaaS) which must
scalability, and on-demand service (see Fig. 3).
use distributed processing, Platform as a Service (PaaA), cloud
Integration of intelligent tenninal storage and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) [30].

With the development of CPS and intelligent manufacturing,

more and more data is produced from every machine in the
factories and public, more security and convenient data is
needed. So, the improvement of industrial big data is essential.
It will take a new era of industrial innovation and revolution.
n
0" Firstly, industrial big data will help enterprises to search
5.
demand through excavating and analysing these customer

J dynamic data. Secondly, industrial big data can be used to

I
diagnose and predict product, which is good for after-sale
service and product improvement. Thirdly, industrial big data is
a very important part of industrial loT to synchronous data. So,
we can use it to improve our production process and fmd energy
anomaly timely to achieve the purpose of reducing energy
consumption. The last, industrial big data will help us to analyse
and optimize industrial supply chain. This is very important to
enhance the efficiency of storage, distribution and sales and
saving cost [31, 32].

Actually, intelligent factories are new intelligent

Fig. 3. Cloud technology supports the industrial transformation [26] manufacturing system that contains future advanced
manufacturing technology based on arrangement and
In another way, cloud computing can also make a great application in big data management. Intelligent industries aim to
contribution to smart tools. With the development of intelligent merge the sense of perception of environment into industrial
production, many new kinds of smart devices and terminals are devices through ubiquitous network technology to greatly
used in production. We can fmd one or more smart terminals to improve the manufacturing efficiency, improve products'
do their jobs everywhere in the factory. Cloud computing will quality, decrease cost, decrease resource consumption and
greatly change smart device's hardware, software and industrial develop traditional industry toward intelligent mode. At the
chain [27]. It accelerates hardware's upgrade and differentiation same time, big data is very important reference in hardware
to bring more accurate and convenient machines and tools to manufacturing and software manufacturing.
handle different problem [28]. On the other hand, it enhances
industrial devices' processing power, gives a new way to 3) Social Networks
advance storage capacity and strengthen devices' hardware Social network is the base of social manufacturing which is
requirements when it is connected to the internet. Then, a fonn of industrie 4.0. Only if the social network has deepen
intelligent terminals are developing toward multi-screen and development that we will have enough idea, projects, opinion
have shown integration trend. What's more, it has begun to arise and feedback to produce on-demand products. The biggest
cloud service and cloud mode in operating system, which characteristic of social manufacturing is that everyone can

138
directly transforming their idea into products, which is so called chain will be recombined. Meanwhile, in this mode, the most
mind-to-products. Social manufacturing leads everyone can take core of social manufacturing is social computing and we must
part in the design, improvement, and marketing of their transform traditional factories to these industries that can
products through social media (see Fig. 4). They can even share actively perceive and response to user' large-scale personalized
their products' profit. In a word, social manufacturing is the needs. At that time, public will energetically participate in the
strategy that needs 3D printing, network technology and social industrial chain and send their demands in the form of
media to make their products and mode become real time; crowdsourcing. And, the factories will be just to find the
individualization and economization through integrating online demands and fulfill their needs [35].
behavior and offline behavior (see Fig. 5).
What's more, in industrie 4.0, it will be possible to simulate
In the environment of social manufacturing, with the social all the steps in the manufacturing process and depict their
network, a lot of 3D printers will format manufacturing network, influence on production. This will include simulation of
which can be integrated with loT and logistic network to inventory levels, transport and logistics, the ability to track the
compose a big social manufacturing system that can fulfill usage history of components that have already been used in
customers' on-time demand [33]. production and provision of information relating to how long
components can be kept before they expire. This will enable
product-specific set-up costs to be calculated and
reconfiguration of production resources to be kept to a
minimum. It will also be possible to assess the relevant risks
and simulate the different costs and margins of alternative
suppliers, including simulation of the environmental impact
associated with using one supplier over another. Extensive
networking of manufacturing systems will make it possible to
analyze alternative suppliers and their capacity in real time. It
will be able to contact and engage suppliers directly via the
Fig. 4. The integration of social demand and social manufacturing [34]
appropriate secure channels in the supplier cloud [36, 37].

�r� r ���
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� V. CONCLUSIONS
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In this article, we use so many words to demonstrate that in
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the background of industrie 4.0, these enable technologies will
f1roduction plan
Resource allocation
play an important role in the development and transformation of
"'" traditional industry. Our production chain will improve the
mode of social manufacturing. In this mode, customers can
directly link to the enterprise and participate into the production
chain. Social demand can be combined with social production
Acquiring
demand ability in real time and efficiently. Moreover, every computer
that can access the internet will become a small factory combine
with 3D printing technology. The idea of mind-to-product will
come true. And, the most valuable competitiveness is to find
social demand. Social searching will become the base of social
demand and can be transformed to manufacture. Then, it will
cause consumption. Social manufacturing can be able to greatly
stimulate the social demand, improve the participation of whole

Fig, 5, The mode of social manufacturing [34]

society effectively and strengthen the competitiveness of
Chinese manufacturing industry. Moreover, it will use these
IV. OUTLOOK new ways, new technologies, new needs and new mode to make
our world toward smart manufacturing, green manufacturing
Industrie 4.0 reflects the change of manufacture from
and urban manufacturing.
centralized mode to distributed mode. It is the progress of
technology that makes the traditional production process theory ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
subversion comes true. Meanwhile, distributed intelligent
The authors would like to thank the National Natural Science
manufacturing represents the interactive relationship between
Foundation of China (No. 61262013, 61363011), the Opening
virtual world and real world and plays an important role in
Fund of Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Precision
establish CPS. Futhermore, Industrial production machineries
are not just processing the products but communicating with Equipment and Manufacturing Technology (No. PEMT1303),
machines to teach them how to operate through communication and the Science and Technology Project of Jiangxi, China (No.
system. GJ]13429) for their support in this research.

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