11

CHAPTER Tense
PRESENT INDEFINITE TENSE
Present Action
Universal Truth Present Routine Habits
Eg:- The Sun rises in the east. Eg:- I go to college every day. Eg:- He smokes.

STRUCTURE
Positive Sentence/ (ldkjkRed okD;) Subject + V1 + Object. (vxj Subject I,
We, They, You vFkok Plural gks)
Negative Sentence/ (udkjkRed okD;) Subject + do not (don’t) + V1 + Object.
Interrogative Sentence / (ç'ulwpd okD;) Do + Subject + V1 + Object?
Do + Subject + not + V1 + Object?
Don’t + Subject + V1 + Object?

STRUCTURE
Positive Sentence/ Subject + V1 + s/es + object.
(ldkjkRed okD;) (vxj sub he, she, it, name vFkok singular gks)
If the ‘Verb’ ends in s, ss, ch, sh, z, x and O, the Verb
takes ‘es’ (vxj ‘Verb’ s, ss, ch, sh, z, x ,oa O esa •Re gks rks
Verb ‘es’ ysrk gS)
Negative Sentence/ Subject + does not (doesn’t) + V1 + Object.
(udkjkRed okD;)
Interrogative Sentence / Does + Subject + V1 + Object?
(ç'ulwpd okD;) Does + Subject + not + V1 + Object?
Doesn’t + Subject + V1 + Object?

fuEufyf[kr fgUnh okD;ksa ds vuqokn ns[ksa

1- eSa mls tkurk gq¡A I know him.
2- esjs 4 HkkbZ&cgu gSA I have 4 siblings.
3- eSa jkst lqcg 7 cts mBrk gw¡A I wake up at 7 am every day. or I get
up at 7 O’clock daily.
4- eSa jkst gym tkrk gw¡A I go to gym every day.
5- ge dHkh&dHkh College bunk dj nsrs gSaA We sometimes bunk College.
KD Publication 64 TENSE
6- ge dHkh&dHkkj gh jsLrjk tkrs gSaA We seldom go to restaurants.
7- eSa nks Hkk"kk,¡ tkurk gw¡A I know two languages.
8- ge ,d&nwljs dk [;ky j•rs gSaA We take care of one another.
9- yksx ifjokj ds egÙo dks ugha le>rsA People do not understand the impor-
tance of family.
10- yksdra=k esa] yksx vius usrk dks pqurs gSaA In a democracy, people choose their
leader.
11- eSa College tkrk gw¡ vkSj esjh cgu Ldwy tkrh I go to College and my sister goes to
gSA school.

12- esjs firkth ,d ljdkjh foHkkx esa dke djrs gSaA My father works in a government de-
partment.
13- esjh ek¡ ?kjsyw efgyk gSA My mother is a housewife.
14- esjs firkth bl mez esa Hkh cgqr esgur djrs gSaA My father works very hard even at this
age.
15- esjh ek¡ fast food ugha •krh gSA My mother does not eat fast food.
16- esjk NksVk HkkbZ Dykl esa 1st vkrk gSA My younger brother comes 1st in
class.
17- esjk cM+k HkkbZ IT Sector esa dke djrk gSA My elder brother works in IT Sector.
18- ifjokj vkSj lPps nksLrks ds vuqifLFkfr esa] ,d In the absence of family and true
O;fÙkQ volkn ls xzLr gks tkrk gSA friends, a person suffers from depres-
sion or a person becomes depressed.
19- vkRegR;k dksbZ gy ugha nsrh gSA Suicide does not give any solution.
20- egkekjh nqfu;k ds lHkh ns'kks ds yksxksa dks çHkkfor Pandemic affects the people of all the
djrh gSA countries of the world.

21- D;k rqe eq>s tkurs gks\ Do you know me?

22- D;k rqEgsa eSa ;kn ugha gw¡\ Don't you remember me?
23- rqe ;gk¡ D;ksa ugha vkrs gks\ Why don't you come here?
24- rqEgsa D;k pkfg,\ What do you want?
25- Vªsu dc vkrh gS\ When does the train come?
26- og Class Attend D;ksa ugha djrk gS\ Why doesn't he attend the class?
27- rqEgsa dkSu tkurk gS\ Who knows you?
28- ,sls BaMs ekSle esa dkSu ckgj tkrk gS\ Who goes out in such a cold weather?
29- rqEgsa dkSu&lh fdrkc dh t:jr gS\ Which book do you need?
30- D;k og esjs ckjs esa ckr djrk gS\ Does he talk about me?

KD Publication 65 TENSE
 PRESENT ROUTINE
eSa 20 lky dk ,d yM+dk gw¡A eSa galjkt dkWyst esa I am a boy of 20 years/ I am a 20 year-
i<+rk gw¡A eSa 2nd year, B.Com dk Nk=k gw¡A eSa old boy. I study in Hansraj College. I am
a student of B.Com, 2nd year or I am a
B.Com (regular) dk Nk=k gw¡ vr% eSa jkst dkWyst B.Com (2nd year students). I am a student
tkrk gw¡A eSa dkWyst Bike ls tkrk gw¡A 'kke 4 cts ?kj of B.Com (regular) so I go to college daily.
okil vkrk gw¡A 'kke dh pk; vkSj FkksM+s vkjke ds ckn] I go to college on bike. I return home at
4pm/ 4 O'clock in the evening. After the
eSa rS;kj gksrk gw¡A mlds ckn eSa iSny library tkrk gw¡A evening tea and some rest, I get ready. After
Library esjs ?kj ds ikl gSA jkr 8 cts eSa ikdZ tkrk that, I go to library on foot. The library is
gw¡A eSa jkst lawn tennis •syrk gw¡A eq>s cricket vkSj near my house. I go to park at 8 pm. I play
tennis ilan gSA eSa sports ds dkj.k fiQV vkSj pqLr lawn tennis every day. I like cricket and
tennis. I am fit and active due to sports.
gw¡A ;s esjh fnup;kZ gS ysfdu esjh cgu esjh tSlh ugha This is my daily routine but my sister
gSA og fnu esa lius ns•us okyh vkSj vkylh yM+dh gSA is not like me. She is a day dreamer and
esjh cgu B.A 1st year esa gSA og dkfyanh college lazy girl. My sister is in B.A, 1st year. She
esa i<+rh gSA og BA (correspondence) dh Nk=kk studies in Kalindi College. She is a student
of B.A (Correspondence) so she is free for
gS vr% og iwjs fnu free jgrh gSA og dqN ugha djrh the whole day. She does not do anything.
gSA og iqjs fnu TV ns•rh vkSj [kkrh gSA dHkh&dHkh She watches T.V. and eats for the whole
og ?kj dk dke djrh gSA og fcydqy ugha i<+rh gSA day. Sometimes, she does household work.
She does not study at all. Sometimes, Papa
dHkh&dHkh ikik mls Mk¡Vrs gSaA ysfdu og vulquk dj
scolds her but she turns a deaf ear. She gets
nsrh gSA og lqcg 10 cts mBrh gSA og viuk le; up at 10 am. She wastes her time. She does
cckZn djrh gSaA og i<+kbZ ds vykok lc dqN djrh everything except studies. She is carefree.
gSA og csfiQØ gSA esjs firk cgqr esgur djrs gSaA esjh My father works very hard. My mother is
a housewife. She is a religious/ spiritual
ek¡ ,d ?kjsyw efgyk gSA og ,d èkkfeZd efgyk gSA og woman. She does household chores for the
fnu Hkj ?kj dk dke djrh gSA og gekjk [;ky j•rh whole day. She takes care of us. My parents
gSA esjs ekrk&firk 'kkafr ilan yksx gSA os ges'kk nwljksa dh are peace-loving people. They always help
lgk;rk djrs gSa vkSj lc ls vPNs laca/ cuk dj j•rs others and maintain good relation with
everyone. Our neighbours respect them.
gSaA gekjs iM+kslh mudk lEeku djrs gSaA ge eè;e oxZ We are from a middle-class hence they are
ls gSa vr% os cgqr egÙokdka{kh ugha gSA os viuh ftanxh not over ambitious. They are happy and
ls •q'k vkSj larq"V gSaA satisfied with their life.

PAST INDEFINITE TENSE

Action that took place in the past (tks dk;Z past esa gqvk gks)
STRUCTURE
Positive Sentence/ (ldkjkRed okD;) Sub + V2 + obj
Negative Sentence/ (udkjkRed okD;) Sub + did not (didn't) + V1 + obj
Interrogative Sentence / (ç'ulwpd okD;) Did + Sub + V1 + obj ?
Did + Sub + not + V1 + obj ?
Didn't + Sub + V1 + obj ?
KD Publication 66 TENSE
 fuEufyf[kr fgUnh okD;ksa ds vuqokn ns[ksa
1- eSa dy jkr ?kj igq¡pkA I reached home last night.
2- eSa jkr Hkj i<+k vkSj rqe lks,A I studied for the whole night and you slept.
3- mlus viuk le; cjckn fd;kA He wasted his time.
4- ge Vgyus x;s FksA We went for a walk.
5- eSa mÙkj ugha tkurk FkkA I did not know the answer.
6- eSaus rqEgsa dy jkr ns•k FkkA I saw you last night.
7- yksxks dks ;s mEehn ugha FkhA People did not expect this.
8- esjs nksLr eq> ls feysA My friends met me.
9- esjs firkth us dkj •jhnhA My father bought a car.
10- mlus esjh lykg ugha ekuhA He did not follow my suggestion.
11- mlus xkM+h ykijokgh ls pykbZA He drove carelessly/ recklessly.
12- mlus esgur ugha dhA He did not work hard.
13- yksxks us 'kksj epk;kA People made a noise.
14- iqfyl us çn'kZudkfj;ksa dks ihVkA Police beat/ thrashed the demonstrators.
15- yksxks us U;k; dh ek¡x dhA People demanded justice.
16- esjs vè;kid us esjh dkWih tk¡phA My teacher checked my copy.
17- dy jkr eSus •kuk ugha •k;k FkkA Last night, I didn't have dinner.
18- esjh ek¡ dy jkr lksus tYnh pyh xbZA My mother went to bed early last night.
19- rqe esjh fpUrk ugha le>sA You did not understand my concern.
20- eSaus ,d fiDpj ns•hA I watched a movie.
21- D;k rqe dy jkr ;gk¡ vk, Fks\ Did you come here last night?
22- rqe fnYyh esa D;k djrs Fks\ What did you do in Delhi?
23- rqe iVuk esa dgk¡ jgrs Fks\ Where did you live in Patna?
24- ;s 'kVZ fdlus •jhnh\ Who bought this shirt?
25- D;k rqEgsa Tense le> vk,s\ Did you understand Tense?
26- mlus ukSdjh D;ksa NksM+ nh\ Why did he leave his job?
27- rqEgsa fdlus Mk¡Vk\ Who scolded you?
28- rqe ;gk¡ dSls igq¡ps\ How did you reach here?
29- D;k mu yksxksa us rqEgkjh lgk;rk dh\ Did they help you?
30- mlus D;k dgk\ What did he say?
31- ge tYnh okil vk x;sA We returned soon.
KD Publication 67 TENSE
 32- og ,d nq?kZVuk dk f'kdkj gks x;kA He met with an accident.
33- ge ikl gks x, vkSj og iQsy gks x;kA We passed and he failed.
34- mlus eq>s /Ddk fn;kA He pushed me.
35- ljdkj us CBI tk¡p dk vkns'k fn;kA The government ordered CBI enquiry.
36- og esjs ij g¡l fn;kA They laughed at me.
37- eSa tkxrk jgkA I stayed awake.
38- D;k eSaus •jkZVs fy, \ Did I snore?
39- eSaus m/kj ugha fy;kA I did not borrow.
40- mlus rqEgsa dqN iSls m/kj fn,A He lent you some money.

Paragraph— og ?kVuk tks eSa dHkh ugha Hkwy ldrkA

og ,d xeZ lqcg FkhA eSa vius Ldwy ds jkLrs esa FkkA esjh mez ml le; djhc 14 lky FkhA eSa vius [;kyks esa
•ks;k gqvk FkkA vpkud esjh eqykdkr esjs nksLr ls gqbZA mldk uke jkgqy FkkA og esjh dkWyksuh esa ugh jgrk FkkA
eq>s vk'p;Z gqvkA og eqLdqjk;k vkSj esjs ikl vk;kA og Hkh Ldwy Mªsl esa FkkA mlus eq>s crk;k fd mlds ?kj esa
ejEen dh t:jr Fkh blfy, og dqN fnu ds fy, esjs dkWyksuh esa jgsxkA eSa •q'k gks x;kA eq>s ,d nksLr fey
x;kA rHkh vpkud gekjs utnhd ,d oSu :dhA nks yEcs vkSj gêðs&dêðs O;fÙkQ oSu ls fudys vkSj jkgqy dk vigj.k
dj fy,A dqN iyksa esa oSu vks>y gks xbZA eSa gDdk&cDdk jg x;kA yksxksa us gYyk epk fn;k vkSj iqfyl rqjar vk
xbZA jkgqy ds ekrk&firk cgqr jks,A lHkh fpafrr FksA eSa cgqr Mjk gqvk FkkA ckn esa gesa irk pyk fd VkjxsV eS Fkk
vkSj os jkgqy dk xyrh ls vigj.k dj cSBsA jkgqy dks iqfyl us csgks'kh dh voLFkk esa vxys fnu ikdZ esa ik;kA
esjs firk us vxys lIrkg eq>s gksLVy Hkst fn;kA eSa dbZ fnuksa rd cspkSu jgkA eq>s dbZ ckj cqjk liuk Hkh vk;kA eSa
bl ?kVuk dks dHkh ugha Hkwy ldrkA jkgqy us ml fnu ds ckn eq>ls ckr ugha dhA ge dHkh ugha feysA
Answer— The incident that I can never forget
It was a hot morning. I was on my way to school. My age was around/approximately
14 years then. I was lost in my thoughts. Suddenly, I met my friend. His name was
Rahul. He didn’t live in my colony. I was surprised. He smiled and came to me. He
was also in school dress. He told me that his house needed renovation/repairs and
so he would stay in my colony for some days. I became happy. I got a friend. Then,
suddenly, a van stopped near us. Two tall and well-built men stout men came out of
the van and kidnapped Rahul. The van disappeared in a few moments. I was shocked.
People raised an alarm and the police arrived immediately. Rahul’s parents cried a
lot. All were anxious/ Everyone was worried. I was too/extremely afraid/ scared/
terrified. Later, we came to know that I was the target and they kidnapped Rahul by
mistake. The police found Rahul in an unconscious state in the park the next evening.
My father sent me to the hostel next week. I remained restless for many days. I had
nightmares many times. I can never forget this incident. Rahul did not talk to me after
that day. We never met.

KD Publication 68 TENSE
 FUTURE INDEFINITE TENSE
Action to take place in Future. (tks dk;Z Hkfo"; esa gksxkA)
STRUCTURE
Positive Sentence/ (ldkjkRed okD;) Subject + shall/ will + Vb.f + object
Negative Sentence/ (udkjkRed okD;) Subject + shall not (shan't)/ will not
(won't) + Vb.f + object
Interrogative Sentence / (ç'ulwpd okD;) Will/ shall + subject + Vb.f + object?
I/we – Shall Other Subjects – will Vb.f – Base form of verb

In Modern English 'Will' comes with all subjects except in Interrogative Sentences
where we still use 'shall' with 'I' and 'we'.
fuEufyf[kr fgUnh okD;ksa ds vuqokn ns[ksa
1- eSa d{kk esa fganh dk ç;ksx ugha d:¡xkA I will not use Hindi in class.
2- eSa ,d IAS viQlj cuwaxkA I will become an IAS office.
3- D;k eSa vc cktkj tkÅa\ Shall I go to market now?
4- eSa viuh ekr`Hkwfe dh lsok d:¡xkA I will serve my motherland.
5- ge vc phuh mRiknksa dk mi;ksx ugha djsaxsA We will not use Chinese products now.
6- lhchvkbZ ekeys dh tkap djsxhA The CBI will investigate the case.
7- vc vesfjdk dbZ phuh mRiknksa ij çfrca/ America will ban many Chinese products
yxk,xkA now.

8- ,d fnu eSa Hkkjrh; lsuk esa jgwaxkA One day I will be in the Indian Army.
9- esjs ekrk&firk dks eq> ij xoZ gksxkA My parents will be proud of me.
10- eSa xksok tkÅaxkA I will go to Goa.
11- D;k eSa Mseks Dykl esa Hkkx ywa\ Shall I attend the demo class?
12- bl eghus dh 15 rkjh• dks vkidh Nqêðh You will have a holiday on the 15th of
gksxhA this month.

13- eSa dksbZ lq>ko ugha nwaxkA I will not (won't) make any suggestion.
14- og ,d vPNk fodYi ugha gksxkA He will not be a good option.
15- eSa fdlh dks /ks•k ugha nwaxkA I won't cheat anybody.
16- eSa vkidks dksbZ iSlk m/kj ugha nwaxkA I won't lend you any money.
17- IAF iqjkus yM+kdw foekuksa dks ugha •jhnsxkA The IAF will not buy old fighter planes.

KD Publication 69 TENSE
 18- D;k rqe eq>ls 'kknh djksxh\ Will you marry me?
19- Hkkjr vc ,d vkRe&fuHkZj ns'k gksxkA India will be a self-dependent/ self-reliant
country now.
20 D;k vki esjs lkFk yEch Mªkbo ij tk,axs\ Will you go with me on a long drive?

My Future Plans
cgqr tYnh eSa viuk Graduation iwjk dj yw¡xkA mlds ckn] eSa fdlh çfr;ksxh ijh{kk dh rS;kjh d:¡xkA lcls
T;knk laHkkouk gS fd esjs firkth eq>s fnYyh Hkst nsaxsA ogk¡ eq>s vPNh dksfpax feysxhA blds vykok] eq>s ogk¡
i<+kbZ dk ekgkSy feysxkA eq>s lHkh çfr;ksxh ijh{kkvksa ds ckjs esa lHkh lwpuk fey tk,xhA vc] T;knk ls T;knk yksx
lqjf{kr ljdkjh ukSdjh ds fy, ç;kl djsaxs vkSj blds dkj.k çfrLi/kZ c<+sxh ysfdu lVhd rS;kjh ls eSa t:j liQy
gks tkÅ¡xkA eSa cgqr esgur d:¡xk vkSj dksbZ dlj ugha NksMw¡xkA eq>s esjs ifjokj ls iw.kZ lgk;rk çkIr gksxhA vr% eSa
fcuk fdlh fpark ds iwjs eu ls i<+kbZ d:¡xkA
Answer
Very soon, I shall complete my graduation. After that, I shall prepare for some com-
petitive exam. Most probably, my father will send me to Delhi. There, I shall get good
coaching. Apart from/Besides this, I shall get the environment for studies there. I shall
also get all the information about all the competitive exams. Now, more and more peo-
ple will try for safe government jobs and due to this, competition will increase but with
targeted preparation, I will definitely succeed. I will work very hard and will leave no
stone unturned. I will get full support from my family, so I will study whole-heartedly
without any tension.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Action going on at Present (tks dk;Z gks jgk gSA)
STRUCTURE
Positive Sentence/ Subject + is/ am/ are + V1+ing + object.
(ldkjkRed okD;)
Negative Sentence/ Subject + is/ are/ am/ + not + V1+ing + object.
(udkjkRed okD;) Subject + isn't/ aren't/ am not + V1+ing + object.
Interrogative Sentence / Is/ am/ are + Subject + V1+ing + object?
(ç'ulwpd okD;) Is/ am/ are + Subject + not + V1+ing + object?
Isn't/ aren't + Subject + V1+ing + object?

Is– he, she, it, name & singular ds lkFk am– I ds lkFk are– you, we, they, plural ds lkFk
fuEufyf[kr fgUnh okD;ksa ds vuqokn ns[ksa
1- eSa ,d miU;kl i<+ jgk gwaA I am reading a novel.
2- og esjk bartkj dj jgh gSA She is waiting for me.

KD Publication 70 TENSE
3- eSa uhrw eSMe dk vkWuykbu Dykl ys jgk gwaA I am taking Neetu madam's online class.
4- og Vsyhfotu ns• jgh gSA She is watching television.
5- og viuk Kku c<+k jgk gSA He is increasing his knowledge.
6- esjh ek¡ vkVk xw¡Fk jgh gSA My mother is kneading the dough.
7- eSe vHkh Tense i<+k jgh gSaA Ma'am is teaching Tense now.
8- vHkh ckfj'k gks jgh gSA It is raining now.
9- D;k vki laxhr lqu jgs gSa\ Are you listening to music?
10- ;g egkekjh rsth ls iQSy jgh gSA This pandemic is spreading rapidly.
11- eSa •qn dks laokj jgk gw¡A I am grooming myself.
12- gj oLrq dh dher fnu&çfrfnu c<+rh tk jgh The price of every commodity is
gSA increasing day by day.

13- eq>s ,d mi;qÙkQ ukSdjh dh ryk'k gSA I am looking for a suitable job.
14- og eq>s ijs'kku ugha dj jgk gSA She is not disturbing me.
15- vki vHkh nksigj dk Hkkstu dj jgs gSaA You are having lunch now.
16- eSa •M+k gq¡ vkSj rqe cSBs gksA I am standing and you are sitting.
17- ljdkj vkSj yksx xaHkhj leL;kvksa dk lkeuk The government and people are facing
dj jgs gSaA serious problems.

18- ?kko ls •wu fjl jgk gSA Blood is oozing from the wound.
19- vki eq>s utjvankt dj jgs gSaA You are avoiding me.
20- ns•ks! lwjt mx jgk gSA Look! the sun is rising.
21- rqe fpYyk D;ksa jgs gks\ Why are you shouting?
22- os dgk¡ tk jgs gSa\ Where are they going?
23- ikik D;k •jhn jgs gSa\ What is papa buying?
24- ljdkj D;k dj jgh gS\ What is the government doing?
25- yksx vius vf/dkjksa dh ekax D;ksa ugha dj jgs Why aren't the people demanding their
gSa\ rights?

26- rqe eq>s eq•Z rks ugha cuk jgs\ Aren't you fooling me?
27- og fcekj gksus dk fn•kok D;ksa dj jgk gS\ Why is he feigning illness? Or, Why is
the pretending to be not well.
28- og vHkh dgk¡ tk jgk gS\ Where is he going now?
29- eq> ls feyus dkSu vk jgk gS\ Who is coming to meet me?
30- rqe D;k lkfcr djus dh dksf'k'k jgs gks\ What are you trying to prove?

KD Publication 71 TENSE
 PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
Action going on in the past. (tks dk;Z past esa tkjh FkkA)
STRUCTURE
Positive Sentence/ Sub + was/were + V1 + ing + obj
(ldkjkRed okD;)
Negative Sentence/ Sub + was/were + not + V1 + ing + obj
(udkjkRed okD;) Sub + wasn't/weren't + V1 + ing + obj
Interrogative Sentence / Was/were + Sub + V1 + ing + obj ?
(ç'ulwpd okD;) Was/were + Sub + not+ V1 + ing + obj ?
Wasn't/weren't + Sub + V1 + ing + obj ?
Was dk iz;ksx – He/she/it/name/singular/I ds lkFk Were dk iz;ksx – You/we/they/plural/all ds lkFk

fuEufyf[kr fgUnh okD;ksa ds vuqokn ns[ksa

1- og ,d fiQYe ns• jgk FkkA He was watching a movie.
2- og viuk gkseodZ dj jgh FkhA She was doing her homework.
3- os Mkal Ýyksj ij ukp jgs FksA They were dancing on the dance floor.
4- og eq>s /ks•k ns jgh FkhA She was cheating/ deceiving me.
5- og dy ih jgk FkkA He was drinking yesterday.
6- ek¡ Lokfn"V O;atu idk jgh FkhA Mother was cooking delicious dish.
7- ge mlds iQyksa ds cxhps ls vke pqjk jgs We were stealing mangoes from his
FksA orchard.

8- eq>s mldh ;kn vk jgh FkhA I was missing her/him.

9- og dqN ;kstuk cuk jgh FkhA She was planning something. / She was
making some plan.
10- ge dy bl le; tUek"Veh euk jgs FksA We were celebrating Janmasthami at this
time yesterday.
11- D;k ED vkjksfi;ksa ls iwNrkN dj jgh Fkh\ Was the ED interrogating the accused?
12- eSa mlls cp jgk FkkA I was avoiding him.
13- og fiTtk •k jgk FkkA He was having pizza.
14- jksgu ijlks vkids f[kykiQ f'kdk;r D;ksa dj Why was Rohan complaining against you
jgk Fkk\ day before yesterday?
15- rqe eq>ls ckr D;ksa ugha dj jgs Fks\ Why weren't you talking to me?
16- D;k og mldh uohure fiQYe ns• jgh Fkh\ Was she watching his latest movie?
17- esjh vkWuykbu Dykl py jgh FkhA My online class was going on.

KD Publication 72 TENSE
18- D;k og ijh{kk dh rS;kjh Bhd ls ugha dj Wasn’t he preparing for the exam
jgk Fkk\ properly?

19- eSa rSj jgk FkkA I was swimming.

20- og viuk ilanhnk •sy •sy jgk FkkA He was playing his favourite game.

FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

Action going on i Future (tks dk;Z Hkfo"; esa gks jgk gksxk)
Eg:- I shall be teaching your batch at this time tomorrow.

STRUCTURE
Positive Sentence/ Subject + shall/ will + be + V1 + ing + object
(ldkjkRed okD;)
Negative Sentence/ Subject + shall/ will + not + be + V1 + ing + object
(udkjkRed okD;) Subject + shan't/ won't + be + V1 + ing + object
Interrogative Sentence / Will/shall + Subject + be + V1 + ing + object?
(ç'ulwpd okD;) Will/shall + Subject + not+ be+ V1 + ing + object?
Won't/shan't + Subject +be+ V1 + ing + object?

fuEufyf[kr fgUnh okD;ksa ds vuqokn ns[ksa

1- eSa dy bl le; eap ij çn'kZu dj jgk I shall be performing on the stage at this
gksšxkA time tomorrow.
2- eSa cktkj tk jgk gksÅaxkA I shall be going to market.
3- eSa bl le; eaxyokj dks ?kj tk jgk gksšxkA I shall be going home at this time on
Tuesday.
4- eSa vxys eghus bl le; dsMh dSail esa i<+ I shall be studying in KD Campus at this
jgk gksÅaxkA time next month.
5- vxys jfookj dks os bl le; esjh çrh{kk dj They will be waiting for me at this time,
jgs gksaxsA next Sunday.

6- eSa dy bl le; vius dqÙkksa dks çf'kf{kr I shall be training my dogs at this time,
dj jgk gksÅaxkA tomorrow.

7- ge vxys o"kZ bl le; viuh esgur dk We shall be reaping the fruits of our hard
iQy çkIr dj jgs gksaxsA work at this time, next year.

8- ge bl o"kZ Lora=krk fnol dks ,d ubZ 'kSyh We shall be celebrating the Independence
esa euk jgs gksaxsA Day in a new style, this year.

9- eSa rc lks jgk gksÅaxkA I shall be sleeping then.

KD Publication 73 TENSE
10- ge ml le; vfrfFk;ksa dk Lokxr dj jgs We shall be welcoming the guests at that
gksaxsA time.

11- D;k os yksx rc Hkh gesa ijs'kku dj jgs gksaxs\ Will they be disturbing us even then?
12- eSa vxys eghus bl le; /kjkçokg vaxzsth esa I shall be talking in fluent English at this
ckr dj jgk gq¡xkA time next month.

13- vkus okys o"kks± esa] nqfu;k gels vkpkj vkSj The world will be learning ethics and
uSfrdrk lh• jgh gksxhA morality from us in the coming years.

14- cgqr tYn] iwjh nqfu;k gekjs lkekftd fu;eksa Very soon, the whole world will be
dk vuqlj.k dj jgh gksxhA following our social norms.

15- Hkkjr vxys ipkl o"kks± esa nqfu;k dk usr`Ro India will be leading the world in the next
dj jgk gksxkA fifty years.
Meanings:- Reap the fruits– iQy çkIr djuk, Celebrate– eukuk (mRlo bR;kfn), Ethics– vkpkj,
Morality– uSfrdrk, Social norms– lkekftd fu;e, Lead– usr`Ro djuk

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

STRUCTURE
Positive Sentence/ (ldkjkRed okD;) Subject + has/ have + V3 + object.

Negative Sentence/ (udkjkRed okD;) Subject + has/ have + not + V3 + object

Subject + hasn't/ haven't + V3 + object
Interrogative Sentence / (ç'ulwpd okD;) Has/ have + Subject + V3 + object ?
Has/ have + Subject + not + V3 + object ?
Hasn't/ haven't + Subject + V3 + object ?
Has dk iz;ksx – He/she/it/name/singular/I ds lkFk Have dk iz;ksx – You/we/they/plural/all ds lkFk

Present Perfect is used for various types of actions.

(Present Perfect dk ç;ksx fofHkUu çdkj ds actions ds fy, gksrk gSA)
1 Action finished just now/ recently.
(tks dk;Z vHkh&vHkh ;k gky&fiQygky •Re gqvk gksA)
fuEufyf[kr fgUnh okD;ksa ds vuqokn ns[ksa
1- eSa vHkh&vHkh igq¡pk gw¡A I have reached just now.
2- og gky gh esa fnYyh vkbZ gSA She has come to Delhi recently.
3- eSaus gky gh esa ,d dkj •jhnh gSA I have bought/ purchased a car
recently.
4- eSaus vHkh&vHkh nksigj dk Hkkstu fd;k gSA I have had lunch just now.
KD Publication 74 TENSE
5- vkius vc rd D;k iwjk fd;k gS\ What have you completed till now?
6- eSaus gky gh esa dkslZ iwjk fd;k gSA I have completed the course recently.
7- mlus vHkh&vHkh cdk;k jkf'k pqdk nh gSA She has cleared the dues just now.
8- eSaus vHkh&vHkh ,d iQksu dkWy esa Hkkx fy;k gSA I have attended a phone call just now.
9- eSa gky gh esa KD Campus ls tqM+k gw¡A I have joined KD Campus recently.
10- eSaus vHkh&vHkh iksaNk yxk;k gSA I have mopped the floor just now.
11- eSa vHkh ÝykbV esa lokj gqvk gwaA I have boarded the flight just now.
12- vHkh&vHkh ÝykbV mrjh gSA The flight has landed just now.
13- og vHkh&vHkh vk;h gSA She has arrived just now.
14- eSaus vHkh&vHkh dkWy dkVh gSA I have disconnected the call just now.
15- eSaus vHkh&vHkh eSxh idkbZ gSA I have cooked Maggie just now.

2 When the action is important, not the time of action and the action is over
but the time of action is not given. (tc dk;Z egÙoiw.kZ gks] uk fd dk;Z gksus dk le;
vkSj dk;Z gksus dk le; fn;k uk gksA)

fuEufyf[kr fgUnh okD;ksa ds vuqokn ns[ksa

1- eSaus already nksigj dk Hkkstu dj fy;k gSA I have already had lunch.
2- eSaus already eSustj dks ik¡p i=k fy• pqdh I have already written five letters to the
gw¡A manager.
3- eSa vkils feyus fnYyh vk;k gwaA I have come to Delhi to meet you.
4- jksxh dk already fu/u gks pqdk gSA The patient has already passed away /
died.
5- og already ikap yksxks ds fy, nksigj dk She has already cooked lunch for five
Hkkstu idk pqdh gSA people.

6- os ;gka ikap lky jg pqds gSaA They have lived here for five years.
7- ge paæek ij igqap pqds gSaA We have reached the Moon.
8- geus already rktegy ns• j•k gSA We have already seen the Taj Mahal.
9- eSaus B.Tech iwjk dj fy;k gSA I have completed B.Tech.
10- vkt eSaus vkids fy, fpyh iuhj cuk;k gSA Today I have cooked Chilly Paneer for you.
11- Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk lcls de GDP ij The Indian economy has reached the
igqap pqdh gSA lowest GDP.

12- eSaus vius csVs ds fy, ,d dsd cuk;k gSA I have baked a cake for my son.
KD Publication 75 TENSE
 13- dbZ ns'kksa us dksjksuk oSDlhu cuk fy;k gSA Many countries have made Corona
Vaccine.
14- vkt] vkius eq>s cgqr vuns•k fd;k gSA Today, you have ignored me a lot.
15- mlus viuh leL;k ds ckjs esa ckr dh gSA He has discussed his problem.

Paragraph
rkykcanh ds dkj.k] thou iVjh ls mrj x;k gSA gkykr xaHkhj gks pqdh gSaA dbZ yksx viuh ukSdjh xoka pqds gSaA
ljdkj us yksxksa dks dksbZ jkgr iQaM ugha fn;k gSA yksx le> pqds gSa fd mudh ftUnxh ,d la?k"kZ cu pqdh gSA
jkT; vkSj dsaæ ljdkj us yksxks dks fujk'k fd;k gSA vkenuh 'kwU; gks pqdh gS ijUrq •pZ ughaA ekLd] lsfuVkbtj o
nok us ekfld •pZ dks c<+k fn;k gSA cPps i<kbZ ls fnypLih •ks pqds gSaA Online Classes Hkh viuh ped
•ks pqdh gSaA dksfon&19 us gekjs thou dks cckZn dj fn;k gSA fliQZ pquko] 'kjkc vkSj jktuhfr Bhd ls pyh gSA
Answer
Due to the lockout, life has derailed. The situation has become/ turned critical/ se-
rious. Many have lost their jobs. The government has not given any relief fund to the
people. People have understood that their life has become a struggle. The state and
central government have disappointed the people. Income has become zero but expen-
diture hasn’t. Masks, sanitizers and medicine have increased the monthly expenses.
Children have lost their interest in studies. Online classes have also lost their sheen.
Covid-19 has ruined our life. Only elections, alcohol and politics have performer well.

PAST PERFECT TENSE

• Past of Past Action. (tks Past action dk Past gks)
• You

had come before I
 
come.

1st action 2nd action
Past Perfect Tense Simple Past

STRUCTURE
Positive Sentence/ (ldkjkRed okD;) Subject + had + V3 + object.

Negative Sentence/ (udkjkRed okD;) Subject + had + not + V3 + object.

Subject + hadn't + V3 + object
Interrogative Sentence / (ç'ulwpd okD;) Had + Subject + V3 + object ?
Had + Subject + not + V3 + object ?
Hadn't + Subject + V3 + object ?

fuEufyf[kr fgUnh okD;ksa ds vuqokn ns[ksa

1- MkWDVj ds vkus ls igys gh ejht dh ekSr gks The patient had died before the doctor
pqdh FkhA came/ arrived.

KD Publication 76 TENSE
2- gekjs flusek gkWy igqapus ls igys gh fiQYe 'kq: The movie had started before we
gks pqdh FkhA reached the theatre.
3- dksjksuk iQSyus ls igys Ldwy can gks x, FksA Schools had closed down before
Corona spread.
4- lq'kkar ds ejus ls igys fj;k us lq'kkar dk ?kj NksM+ Rhea had left Sushant's house before
fn;k FkkA he died.
5- D;k Vªsu vkus ls igys vki LVs'ku igq¡p x, Fks\ Had you reached the station before the
train arrived?
6- esjs vkWfiQl igq¡pus ls igys esjs ckWl vk pqds FksA My boss had arrived before I reached
office.
7- esjs ?kj igq¡pus ls igys gh va/sjk gks pqdk FkkA It had become dark before I reached
home.
8- firkth ds ?kj ykSVus ls igys gh esjh ek¡ us nksigj My mother had cooked lunch before
dk Hkkstu cuk fy;k FkkA father returned home.

9- esjs HkkbZ ds vkus ls igys gh eSusa nksigj dk Hkkstu I had had lunch before my brother
dj fy;k FkkA came.

10- lksus tkus ls igys ek¡ us eq>s pwek FkkA My mother had kissed me before she
went to bed.
11- eSa rc rd lksus tk pqdk FkkA I had gone to bed till then.
12- eSaus ml le; rd viuk dke iwjk dj fy;k FkkA I had completed my work till that
time.
13- geus blls igys rktegy ugha ns•k FkkA We hadn't seen the Taj Mahal before.
14- eSa rc rd KD Live Join dj pqdk FkkA I had joined KD Live till then.
15- og gels cgqr igys feyk FkkA He had met us a long time ago.

16- dksjksuk ds iQSyus ds ckn ljdkj us dbZ ,sfr;kr The government took precautions after
ojrsA corona had spread.

17- gekjs vkus ds ckn vè;kid us u;k vè;k; 'kq: The teacher started a new lesson after
fd;k FkkA we had arrived.

18- tc rd ge ?kj igq¡ps esgeku tk pqds FksA By the time we reached home, the
guests had left.
19- tc rd ckfj'k :dh vk;kstdks us eSp jí dj By the time the rain stopped, the
fn;k FkkA organizers had cancelled the match.

20- tc rd gesa dqN le> esa vk;k os gekjs lkeku By the time we understood anything,
ds lkFk Hkkx pqds FksA they had fled/ run away with our
belongings.

KD Publication 77 TENSE
 FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
• Action finished in Future. (tks dk;Z Hkfo"; esa gks pqdk gksxk)
1. I shall have finished the work by this time, next week.
STRUCTURE
Positive Sentence/(ldkjkRed okD;) Sub + will/shall + have + V3 + obj
Negative Sentence/ (udkjkRed okD;) Sub + will/shall + not + have + V3 + obj
Sub + won't/shan't + have + V3 + obj
Interrogative Sentence / (ç'ulwpd okD;) Will/Shall + Sub + have+ V3 + obj ?
Will/Shall + Sub + not + have + V3+ obj ?
Won't/Shan't + Sub +have + V3 + obj ?
fuEufyf[kr fgUnh okD;ksa ds vuqokn ns[ksa
1- eSa dy bl le; rd ?kj igq¡p x;k gksÅaxkA I shall have reached home by this time
tomorrow.
2- jktw us vxys lky bl le; rd ,d ubZ dkj Raju will have purchased a new car by
•jhn yh gksxhA this time next year.

3- bl iqy dk fuekZ.k 2022 rd iwjk gks pqdk gksxkA The construction of this bridge will
have completed by 2022.
4- eSa 6 flracj rd SSC dh ijh{kk ns pqdk gksÅaxkA I shall have taken the SSC exam by
the 6th of September.
5- mlus bl lky ds var rd cgqr dek fy;k gksxkA He will have earned a lot by the end of
this year.
6- vxys lky bl le; rd og iQjkj gks pqdk He will have fled by this time next
gksxkA year.

7- gekjs jkT; esa pquko bl lky ds var rd gks The election will have taken place in
pqdk gksxkA our state by the end of this year.

8- esjh cgu dh 'kknh vxys eghus ds var rd gks My sister's wedding will have taken
pqdh gksxhA place by the end of next month.

9- vkt jkr rd] esgeku eqacbZ ds fy, jokuk gks The guests will have left for Mumbai
pqds gksaxsA by tonight.

10- eSa vxys eghus bl le; rd vaxzsth lh• pqdk I will have learnt English by this time
gksÅaxkA next month.

11- gekjs fFk;sVj igq¡pus ls igys 'kks 'kq: gks pqdk The show will have started before we
gksxkA reach the theatre.

12- MkWDVj ds vkus ls igys ejht csgks'k gks pqdk The patient will have fainted before
gksxkA the doctor arrives.

KD Publication 78 TENSE
 13- tc rd esgeku vk,axs] rc rd esjh ek¡ nksigj My mother will have cooked lunch
dk Hkkstu idk pqdh gksxhA before the guests arrive.

14- esjs Lukrd djus ls igys ljdkj CET ykxw dj The government will have introduced
pqdh gksxhA CET before I graduate.

15- eq>s vk'kk gS] tc rd eSa 24 o"kZ dk gksÅaxk] rc I hope, I shall have become an IAS
rd eSa ,d IAS vf/dkjh cu pqdk gksÅaxkA officer by the time I turn 24.

PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Present Perfect Past Perfect Future Perfect
Continuous Continuous Continuous

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

tks dk;Z Hkwrdky esa 'kq: gqvk gks vkSj vHkh Hkh py jgk gks og Present Perfect Continuous
tense ds varxZr vkrk gSA
tSls%& I have been living in Delhi for five years.
STRUCTURE
Positive
Sentence/ Sub + has/ have + been + V1 + ing + obj+ for/ since + time.
(ldkjkRed okD;)
Negative Sub + has/ have + not + been + V1 + ing + obj+ for/ since + time.
Sentence/ Sub + hasn't/ haven't + been + V1 + ing + obj+ for/ since + time.
(udkjkRed okD;)
Interrogative Has/ have + Sub + been + V1+ ing + obj + for/ since + time?
Sentence / Has/have + Sub +not+ been + V1+ing + obj + for/since +time?
(ç'ulwpd okD;) Hasn't/ haven't + Sub + been + V1 + ing + obj + for/ since + time?
tSls%& I am teaching you since an hour. (×)
I have been teaching you for an hour. (ü)
• For- tc le; dh vof/ dk mYys• gks rc 'For' dk ç;ksx djsaA
tSls%& For two hours, for last 2 years
For five days, for last 2 months
For 10 years, for last 3 weeks
• Since- tc 'kq:vkrh le; dk mYys• gks rc since dk ç;ksx djsaA
tSls%& Since monday, since the beginning
Since 2008, since time immemorial
Since 7 P.M., since last year

KD Publication 79 TENSE
• Since dk ç;ksx& dsys.Mj] ?kM+h] fnu ds igj ,oa thou dh voLFkkvksa ds lkFk 'since' dk ç;ksx
gksrk gS&
For dk iz;ksx Since dk iz;ksx
• For + Period of time • Since + Starting Point
• For + Number+time word • Since + A time or a date
tSls%& 5 Minutes tSls%& Calendar • Days – Monday, Tuesday etc.
2 weeks • Dates – 7th May, 8th July etc.
6 days • Years – 2005, 2007 etc.
7 months • Months – May, June etc.
10 years • Occasions – Holi, Diwali etc.
2 centuries Clock • 7 O'clock, 8 p.m etc.
A half your Stages of life– Childhood, adolescence etc.
A long time Part of each day– Morning, last night, noon etc.
fuEufyf[kr fgUnh okD;ksa ds vuqokn ns[ksa

1- eSa dbZ lkyksa ls fnYyh esa jg jgk gw¡A I have been living in Delhi for many years.

2- ge yksx rhu eghuksa ls leL;k >sy jgs gSaA We have been facing problems for three
months.

3- eSa lqcg ls vkidk bartkj dj jgk gw¡A I have been waiting for you since morning.

4- ljdkj fiNys 3 eghuksa ls xjhcksa dks eqÝr The government has been distributing free
jk'ku ck¡V jgh gSA ration among the poor for the last three
months.

5- ge ;s dqfjfr;k¡ lfn;ksa ls >sy jgs gSaA We have been suffering from these evil
practices for centuries.

6- og lqcg ls TV ns• jgk gSA He has been watching T.V Since morning.

7- yksx dbZ fnuksa ls vkUnksyu dj jgs gSaA People have been protesting for many
days.

8- cPps fiNys 10 fnuksa ls online i<+ jgs gSaA Children have been studying online for ten
months.

9- eSa lqcg ls •kuk cuk jgh gw¡A I have been cooking since morning.

10- rqe dbZ ?kaVks ls viuk le; cckZn dj jgs You have been wasting your time for many
gksA hours.

KD Publication 80 TENSE
 PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
tks dk;Z Hkwrdky esa 'kq: gqvk] pyk vkSj Hkwrdky esa •Re gks x;k os Past Perfect Continuous
Tense ds varZxr vkrs gSA
tSls%& I had been waiting for you since morning.
STRUCTURE
Positive Sentence/ Sub + had + been + V1 + ing + obj + for/ since + time.
(ldkjkRed okD;)
Negative Sentence/ Sub+had+not (hadn't)+ been+V1+ ing + obj + for/since + time.
(udkjkRed okD;)
Interrogative Had + sub + been + V1 + ing + obj + for/ since + time ?
Sentence / Had + sub + not+ been + V1 + ing + obj + for/ since + time ?
(ç'ulwpd okD;) Hadn't + sub + been + V1 + ing + obj + for/ since + time ?
fuEufyf[kr fgUnh okD;ksa ds vuqokn ns[ksa

1- os vki dks 'kq: ls gh eq•Z cuk jgs FksA They had been fooling you since the be-
ginning.

2- eSa lqcg ls lks jgk FkkA I had been sleeping since morning.

3- ge 5 lky ls fnYyh esa jg jgs FksA We had been living in Delhi for 5 years.

4- daxuk 'kq: ls HkkbZ&Hkrhtkokn dk eqík mBk Kangana had been raising the issue of
jgh FkhA nepotism since the beginning.

5- eSa lqcg ls i<+ jgk Fkk vkSj rqe dy jkr ls I had been studying since morning and
lks jgs FksA you had been sleeping since last night.

6- yksx lfn;ksa ls vk/qfud lqfo/kvksa ds fcuk People had been living without modern
th jgs FksA amenities for centuries.

7- vuar dky ls fdlku mRihM+u >sy jgs FksA The farmers had been tolerating exploita-
tion for centuries.

8- eSa joining letter dk dbZ lIrkg ls bartkj I had been waiting for the joining letter for
dj jgk FkkA many weeks.

9- eSa ,d ubZ ;kstuk ij dqN fnuksa ls dk;Z dj I had been working on a new plan for
jgk FkkA many days.

10- ;s vthc vkokt eq>s dbZ jkrksa ls rax dj This strange sound had been disturbing
jgh FkhA me for many nights.

KD Publication 81 TENSE
 FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS
tks dk;Z Hkfo"; ds fdlh le; rd tkjh jgsxk og Future Perfect Continuous tense ds vUrZxr
vkrk gS&
tSls%& (1) I shall have been living in Delhi for five years by the end of this year.
(2) He will have been playing for five hours by the time the match ends.
STRUCTURE
Positive Sentence/ Sub + shall/will + have + been + V1 +ing + obj +for/ from+time
(ldkjkRed okD;)
Negative Sentence Sub+shall/will+not+have+been+V1+ing+obj+for/from+time
/ (udkjkRed okD;) Sub+shan't/won't+have+been+V1+ing+obj+for/from+time
Interrogative Will/shall+sub+have+been+V1+ing+obj+for/from+time?
Sentence / Will/shall + sub + not + have + been + V1 + ing + obj + for/
(ç'ulwpd okD;) from + time ?
Won't/shan't + sub + have+been+V1+ing+obj+for/from+time?
fuEufyf[kr fgUnh okD;ksa ds vuqokn ns[ksa
1- vxys eghus ds var rd eq>s fnYyh esa jgrs By the end of this month I shall have been
gq, 10 lky gks tk,axsA living in Delhi for ten years.
2- ge yksx tc rd fnYyh igq¡psaxs rc rd eq>s By the time we reach Delhi, I shall have
xkM+h pykrs gq, 10 ?kaVs gks tk,axsA been driving for ten hours.
3- bl eghus ds var rd] eq>s KD Live esa By the end of this month I will have been
i<+rs gq, nks eghus gks tk,axsA studying on KD Live for two months.
4- vxys lIrkg bl le; rd] eq>s ;s O;olk; I shall have been doing this business for
djrs gq, 5 lky gks tk,saxsA five years by this time next week.
5- rqe dy jkr ls gks&gYyk epk;s tk jgs gksaxsA You have been raising a hue and cry since
last night.
6- bl lky ds var rd] eq>s ;gk¡ dke djrs By the end of this year I will have been
gq, 10 lky gks tk,axsA working here for ten years.
7- bl lIrkg ds var rd] fdlkuksa ds vkanksyu By the end of this week, the farmers will
djrs gq, 3 eghus gks tk,axsA have been protesting for three months.
8- tc rd ;s jkLrk •qysxk] ljdkj dks ;s u;k By the time this path opens, the govern-
jksM cukrs gq, ,d lky gks tk,xkA ment will have been constructing this new
road for a year.
9- tc rd yksx le>saxs dqN usrkx.k ds }kjk By the time people understand, some
yksxksa dks eq•Z cukrs gq, dkiQh le; chr leaders will have been fooling the people
for a long time.
pqdk gksxkA
10- esjh ek¡ dk gekjs lkFk jgrs gq, bl lky ds My mother will have been living with us
var rd 5 lky gks tk,axsA for five years by the end of this year.

KD Publication 82 TENSE