International Journal of Electronics Communication and Computer Engineering

Volume 3, Issue 2, ISSN 2249 –071X

Intelligence of SCADA for Load Control

Pravin Kshirsagar Vivek Deshmukh Ambarish Salodkar Roshan Bhaiswar
S.B.J.I.T.M.R., Nagpur S.B.J.I.T.M.R., Nagpur S.B.J.I.T.M.R., Nagpur S.B.J.I.T.M.R., Nagpur
pravinrk88@yahoo.com vivek.deshmukh83@gmail.com ambusalodkar@gmail.com roshanbhaiswar@gmail.com

Abstract - A supervisory control and data acquisition substation will face a power loss and there is a reduction in
(SCADA) system is an integrated platform that incorporates its efficiency. To overcome this if we start the load of home
several components and it has been applied in field of power one by one in other words we say that we start the room
systems and several engineering applications to monitor power one by one.
operate and control a lot of processes. In future electrical
So, there is reduction in the increase of load at that instant
network, SCADA systems are essential for an intelligent
management of resources like distributed generation and on the distribution center which increases its overall
demand response, implemented in smart grid context. The efficiency It also prevent the damaging of transformer .of
main objective is to manage the residential industrial particular area or main station.
consumption, reducing or curtailing load to keep the power
consumption in or below a specified set point, imposed by the SECTION II
customer and the generation availability.
SCADA has been applied in the field of power system and
Keywords - SCADA, PLC, Sensors, Load Control.
several engineering applications to monitor, operate, and
control a lot of processes. To study how efficiently we can
I. INTRODUCTION use SCADA system to control and monitor the Load
Distribution Schemes. The proposed work having Hardware
Now a days there is a huge shortage of electricity due to and software Optimization with the help of PLC Ladder
the increase in the demand of the electricity which is due to Logic. We are adopting these techniques to reach strong
the increase of various industrial area ,cultivations etc. Conclusion about their actual impact on the power
Hence it is very tough for the authority of supply and Consumption. The proposed system is designed for
distribution sector of state electricity board to remove this Industrial automation, So that we can save the power for
problem. different Electrical Systems (e.g. Heater( Furnaces),
The simple solution they had found for this problem is Compressors, Lighting distribution, etc.)
step by step tripping of the substation which rather The devices which will be used for making the system
continuously supply for the commercial purpose of intelligent are:
particular city i.e. very commonly known to us is "load  Protection Relays with PC connectivity (RS485
shading". But in fact after this they also face the same protocol)
problem regarding to catch up with the demand of the  Energy Meters with PC connectivity (RS485
consumers. protocol)
According to the above mentioned problem which faced  Transducers with analog output (4-20mA)
by state electricity board .So the concept of power saving
 Intelligent Controller like PLC (programmable
energy meter will introduce in this project.
logic controller), RTUs
Take an e.g. of the cycle on which at initial condition
 (Remote Terminal Units), Load/Power Monitors.
when we applied a force it will take more time to gain its
maximum speed hence energy required will obviously very
large . But if we apply the load after running certain distance SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION
then energy required will be less.
Hence by using above concept of inertia we can developed Effect of power consumption depends on target platform where
a certain advanced circuitry. Which will be used in parallel they are run. Regarding hardware point of view concern, a bunch of
heater is arranged in sequential manner and using a property of
to our commercial meter .this will help in the power losses
temp heaters are shut off or shutdown at different time sharing
reduction of particular substation and increased its efficiency mode, with the help of PLC Ladder logic and in parallel with
which will further help in power generation of electricity. Electrical switchgear Panel.
The concept or overall view of this project is that when the
particular substation in the city will trip the electricity supply
in that area the consumer are not turn off their electrical
equipment at that moment normally. Hence when station
restart there supply to the area then there is a sudden
increase in the load in form of electrical equipments. At the
instant when there is sudden increase in the load , the

Copyright © 2012 IJECCE, All right reserved 356

 International Journal of Electronics Communication and Computer Engineering
Volume 3, Issue 2, ISSN 2249 –071X

graphical view of process monitoring from operator station

(OS) in the central control room.

Fig.1. Interfacing of Field with PLC & SCADA

SECTION III ALLEN

BRADLEY PLC
Programmable Logic Controller or PLC is an intelligent
system of modules, which was introduced in the control, &
instrumentation industry for replacing relay based logic [4].
Over a period of time, better I/O handling capabilities and
more programming elements have been added along with
improvement in communication.
PLC Working
At the beginning of each cycle the CPU brings in all the
field input signals from the input signals from the module
and store into internal memory as process of input signal.
This internal memory of CPU is called as process input
image (PII). User program (Application) will be available in
CPU program memory. Once PII is read, CPU pointer
moves in ladder program from left to right and from top to
bottom. CPU takes status of input from PII and processes all
the rungs in the user program. The result of user program
scan is stored in the internal memory of CPU. This internal
memory is called process output image or PIQ. At the end of
the program run i.e., at the end of scanning cycle, the CPU
transfers the signal states in the process image output to the
output module and further to the field control.

Fig. 3. A part of Ladder Logic for heater control.

SECTION IV SCADA

ARCHITECTURE
A SCADA system is a common process automation
system which is used to gather data from sensors and
instruments located at remote sites and to transmit data at a
central site for either control or monitoring purposes. The
Fig. 2. PLC Scan Cycle collected data is usually viewed on one or more SCADA
host computers located at the central or master site. Based on
I/O driver (SCADA) picks up PII and PIQ and transfers the information received from remote stations, automated or
image to database and this image is called driver image. This operator-driven supervisory commands can be pushed to
driver image available in SCADA database is used for remote station control devices, which are often referred to as

Copyright © 2012 IJECCE, All right reserved 357

 International Journal of Electronics Communication and Computer Engineering
Volume 3, Issue 2, ISSN 2249 –071X

field devices. Generally, a SCADA system includes the • Device connectivity

following components: • Alarms
 Instruments that sense process variables • Trends
Operating equipment connected to instruments • Scripts
Local processors that collect data and communicate • Security
with the site’s instruments and operating equipment • Recipe Management
called Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), Field Instrumentation
Remote Terminal Unit (RTU), Intelligent The SCADA RTU is a (hopefully) small ruggedized
Electronic Device (IED), or Process Automation computer, which provides intelligence in the field, and
Controller (PAC) allows the central SCADA master to communicate with the
Short range communications between local field instruments. It is a stand-alone data acquisition and control
processors, instruments, and operating equipment unit. Its function is to control process equipment at the remote site,
Host computers as central point of human acquire data from the equipment, and transfer the data back to the
monitoring and control of the processes, storing central SCADA system [14].
Databases and display of statistical control charts, and
reports. Host computers are also known as Master Terminal
Unit (MTU), the SCADA server, or a PC with Human
Machine Interface (HMI)
Long range communications between local
processors and host computers using wired and/or
wireless network connections.
SCADA systems differ from DCSs (Distributed Control
Systems) which are generally found in plant sites. While
DCSs cover the plant site, SCADA systems cover much
larger geographic areas.
Also, due to the remoteness many of these often require
the use of wireless communications.
C. Connecting to the PLC
• Open a SCADA application Fig. 3. SCADA diagram for the system.
• Create a tag of type I/O discrete, select the type as
discrete SCADA software enables you to configure a system
• Select read only if you don’t want to force values to environment that provides: [3]
PLC. Selecting read and write allows to the Supervisory control, batch processing, data acquisition,
SCADA to read and force values to the PLC. continuous control, and statistical process control for industrial
• Type an access name. applications. Interfacing of PLC to PC and to SCADA is as
• The access name can visualized as a gateway for a follows:
group of resources.
• Most of PLC drivers communicate with SCADA
package using DDE, DDE requires three
parameters namely name of the DDE server, topic
name and item name. In case of reading a number
of items from a particular PLC driver application
name topic name are common, so this application
name that is name of the DDE server and Topic
name combine to form an access name. Access
name is required to be defined only once then other
items of driver can be accessed by using the Access Fig. 4. Interface diagram of PC to PLC and to SCADA.
name and item name. These details will be provided
by the driver vendor or developer.
• Click ok, the access name will be listed finally click V. CONCLUSIONS
done, then type the item name, click save to save
Intelligent need of Power Saving is essential in industrial
the I/O tags. Go to run time to communicate with
domain which determines the overall production cost of
PLC.
particular industrial setup. PLC is used as a intelligent
Features of SCADA switching device alongwith the SCADA for the constant
• Dynamic representation monitoring to optimize process.. This paper presents the
• Database connectivity

Copyright © 2012 IJECCE, All right reserved 358

 International Journal of Electronics Communication and Computer Engineering
Volume 3, Issue 2, ISSN 2249 –071X

importance of PLC and SCADA for automation; this allows AUTHOR’S PROFILE
remote and safe operation and monitoring, flexibility,
scalability and power modular structure. A totally control is Pravin Kshirsagar
made using a PLC as control element and a SCADA system S.B.J.I.T.M.R., Nagpur
as supervisor software. Efficient control design is achieved pravinrk88@yahoo.com
in several senses by using proper automation so as to
increase productivity, to increase quality, to reduce cost and Vivek Deshmukh
to save energy. S.B.J.I.T.M.R., Nagpur
vivek.deshmukh83@gmail.com

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