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ELP225

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15 views9 pages

ELP225

Uploaded by

anirbansingha345
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ELP 225

LAB1

AUGUST 11

ANIRBAN SINGHA
2021EE30712

1
MATERIALS REQUIRED:
• process control trainer
• DSO
• probe wires
• signal wave generator
• connecting wires

Part 1
AIM: To find the distance/velocity lag (transport lag) of a
process controller

THEORY: Any alteration to the conditions of a process


affects the detecting elements after a time delay, which is
dependent on the velocity of the process and the distance
between the alteration point and the detector.
This transport lag is given by the formula:
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
L=
𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦

2
PROCESS: With the probe set in 11” position and
throttle control to 4, we will turn on the process control and
oscilloscope.
OBSERVATIONS:

Figure 1 (temp detector at 11") Figure 2 (temp detector at 5.5")

Figure 3 (temp detector at 1.1") Figure 4 (temp detector at 1.1" with increase wind velocity)

CONCLUSION: We notice that as the distance of the


probe from the heat source decreases the transport lag
decreases and increasing the velocity (throttle) also
decreases the transport lag.

3
Part 2
AIM: To find the transfer lag of a process controller (which
is different from the effect of the distance/velocity)
THEORY: In addition to the d/v lag , the response is also
affected by transfer lag which changes the form of the signal
PROCESS: After switching on the process control and
oscilloscope, we gradually increase the throttle control
(velocity), and note the time taken for output voltage to
reach ≈ 63% of the maximum voltage.
Here we have used the cursors in DSO to calculate the time
to reach ≈ 63% of the maximum voltage.

OBSERVATIONS:

Figure 5 (throttle control at 4) Figure 6 (throttle control at 6)

4
Figure 7 (throttle control at 8) Figure 8 (throttle control at 10)

CONCLUSION: We notice that as we increase the


throttle (velocity), it reaches ≈ 63% of the maximum voltage
more quickly, as a result transfer lag decreases.
T (fig.5) = 620ms
T (fig.6) = 480ms
T (fig.7) = 470ms
T (fig.8) = 370ms

5
Part 3
AIM: To find the two-step controller response with
different levels of overlap.
THEORY: Generally in a two step convertor, the output
signal changes depending on the sign of deviation. As a
result the controlled condition oscillates between on and off
state.
But when a overlap is applied, another limit is applied ,
depending on which the controller response is on or off
state.
PROCESS: Initially we will switch on the process control
and Oscilloscope with 0 overlap, and then we will introduce
overlap gradually and observe the changes in the measured
value.
OBSERVATIONS:

Figure 9 (overlap at 0) Figure 10 (overlap at 1)

6
Figure 11 (overlap at 2) Figure 12 (overlap at 3)

Figure 13 (overlap at 4)

CONCLUSION: We notice that as the no. of overlaps


increase, the frequency of the output decreases while the
amplitude increases.

7
Part 4
AIM: To show that in a controller with proportional action,
the output signal is directly proportional to deviation.
Offset, the sustained deviation always present in a
proportional control, is depended on the proportional
bandwidth
THEORY: The relationship between deviation and
controller output is expressed as “proportional band”. It can
also be defined as the range of value of deviation which will
cause the controller to operate over its full output range.

PROCESS:While switching on the process control, keep


the proportional band at 200%, and then gradually decrease
this to 30%
OBSERVATION:

Figure 14 (proportional band at 200%) Figure 15 (proportional band at 150%)

8
Figure 16 (proportional band at 75%) Figure 17 (proportional band at 30%)

Figure 18 (proportional band at 50%)

CONCLUSION:As the proportional band decreases, the


output voltage becomes less stable and finally after around
30-50%, it starts oscillating. The offset needle also starts
fluctuating.

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