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Pathophysiology of Hypertension.

The document discusses the pathophysiology of hypertension including its definition, stages, symptoms, risk factors, complications, and treatment. Hypertension is a chronic disease where blood pressure is consistently too high, putting one at risk for heart attack, stroke, and kidney disease. Lifestyle changes and medications are used to treat hypertension.

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Hrithik Suresh
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64 views3 pages

Pathophysiology of Hypertension.

The document discusses the pathophysiology of hypertension including its definition, stages, symptoms, risk factors, complications, and treatment. Hypertension is a chronic disease where blood pressure is consistently too high, putting one at risk for heart attack, stroke, and kidney disease. Lifestyle changes and medications are used to treat hypertension.

Uploaded by

Hrithik Suresh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF HYPERTENSION

Hypertension (high blood pressure) is a condition in which the force


of blood pumping through the arteries is consistently too high.
Hypertension is a chronic disease that causes blood
pressure to increase

When this occurs, the walls of the arteries are expanded beyond
their normal limit, which can lead to damage and scarring, and put
people at risk for heart attack, stroke, and kidney disease.

The 4 stages of hypertension are


• Normal blood pressure. Blood pressure is lower than 120/80 mm Hg.
• Elevated blood pressure. The top number ranges from 120 to 129 mm Hg and the bottom
number is below, not above, 80 mm Hg.
• Stage 1 hypertension. The top number ranges from 130 to 139 mm Hg or the bottom
number is between 80 and 89 mm Hg.
• Stage 2 hypertension. The top number is 140 mm Hg or higher or the bottom number is
90 mm Hg or higher.

Symptoms of hypertension:-
• Headaches, which may be a pounding feeling in the head
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Dizziness
• Facial ushing
• Fatigue
• Lightheadedness/fainting
• Shortness of breath
• Nosebleeds

Risk factors:-
High blood pressure has many risk factors, including:
• Age. The risk of high blood pressure increases with age. Until about age 64, high
blood pressure is more common in men. Women are more likely to develop high
blood pressure after age 65.
• Race. High blood pressure is particularly common among Black people. It develops
at an earlier age in Black people than it does in white people.
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• Family history. You're more likely to develop high blood pressure if you have a
parent or sibling with the condition.
• Obesity or being overweight. Excess weight causes changes in the blood
vessels, the kidneys and other parts of the body. These changes often increase
blood pressure. Being overweight or having obesity also raises the risk of heart
disease and its risk factors, such as high cholesterol.
• Lack of exercise. Not exercising can cause weight gain. Increased weight raises
the risk of high blood pressure. People who are inactive also tend to have higher
heart rates.
• Stress. High levels of stress can lead to a temporary increase in blood pressure. Stress-
related habits such as eating more, using tobacco or drinking alcohol can lead to further
increases in blood pressure.
• Certain chronic conditions. Kidney disease, diabetes and sleep apnea are some of the
conditions that can lead to high blood pressure.
• Pregnancy. Sometimes pregnancy causes high blood pressure

Complications
Uncontrolled high blood pressure can lead to complications including:
• Heart attack or stroke. Hardening and thickening of the arteries due to high blood
pressure or other factors can lead to a heart attack, stroke or other complications.
• Aneurysm. Increased blood pressure can cause a blood vessel to weaken and bulge,
forming an aneurysm. If an aneurysm ruptures, it can be life-threatening.
• Heart failure. When you have high blood pressure, the heart has to work harder to
pump blood. The strain causes the walls of the heart's pumping chamber to thicken.
This condition is called left ventricular hypertrophy. Eventually, the heart can't
pump enough blood to meet the body's needs, causing heart failure.
• Kidney problems. High blood pressure can cause the blood vessels in the kidneys
to become narrow or weak. This can lead to kidney damage.
• Eye problems. Increased blood pressure can cause thickened, narrowed or torn
blood vessels in the eyes. This can result in vision loss.

Treatment Hypertension High Blood


Pressure?

Lifestyle changes are usually the rst line treatment for


hypertension (high blood pressure), including:

• Eating a balanced diet


• Reducing salt intake
• Regular exercise
• Staying a healthy weight
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• Limiting or avoiding alcohol
• Not smoking
• Stress management
• Getting adequate sleep
• Taking medications as directed

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