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33 views12 pagesRural Unit 2
Uploaded by
CS0126 VINAY KUMARCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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/ 12
FesiDlpret ries Ca Ss
foposest ial Capmany Dolmen
Commas hs
Gon npe ead
Fura dewopment the comerione in the get for balanced and sana
ages, pt hee of hse eng he herds fou a
TEcamuiodendniur hat encompass econo seal, nd ero
timers with lint ol oimprovng he quay Me fora commit
Inthe prit, ual development rosranmes ener 2: vial stamens ha
ost chnge nd spe th fie of ral landsapes.
12.1.1 The Significance of ural Development Programmes
‘The sgnfcance of rua development programmes extends far beyond t
Immediate inact on rural communes. These programmes play a pivotal role
shaping he socio-economic landscape of none and canbe ta sustainable
rome on mulipefrons Here are deka reason highlighting the sgnicance
ual development rogrammes; |
+ Equitable Growth: Rural doiclopment programmes address the reio
dsparies by channeling resources ad investments to rare areas, Thee
2
url Development Programmes as
thatthe beets of dewlopmen ae saved aces ub eu popuintors
"tases utube nah,
+ Poverty Alleviation: A substan! potion of te aba popuation Woes ta
"yalaes ana lgher ove nes Rol enlopmen perpoone poe
here orpertuneserlncome generation tered atic ea
reucton
+ Food Secusty: url development Inaves partial in eprcuhure,
nhoneesfoodproductonstnae oh “Thisconstes tained
food secuty by ensuing 9 sabe supply of ood fer bah racl liven
population
n These programmes ceste employment
‘opportune within ra communises by promotngeghautaalaae teat
agorrocesira, oe rl inde, Th ne aca lack
‘sly of if nr ree
+ Homan Capital Development: Education and healthcare are integral
components of rural development. By providing quay etheaton od
‘eae services, thse progres enpouerindhdns lewiingtomsea oc
development of human capt and hue opportnises
+ Environmental Sustainability: Sustainable nal develope
‘on preserving natal resources,
Soctal Cohesion: By adresing socal inequalities, providing aces to base
‘SSiies and fostering community engagement, rural development proyremmes
‘entibute to stronger social cohesion and harmony.
‘naration and Entrepreneurship: Theze programs encourage the adoption
‘innovate technologies, agi businesses, end entepeneunhipinralccar ‘A vwdeeiped rl 61 ETRE 8 nate,
+ Rate enna Pa od
9 hive devopment tT 38 cont,
sresacece peel
vein ign
+ Pen Sit ona =n
cof Experimentation and Diverse Approaches
aa are cominmtnn nd are epee Sen
carotene Ina ey eal apo yg a
Set ans ae at
nal lerance: Rl commana ay de
ao onsale ope needs andreas cc
cae fora tur cone he chance of =.
ering aptnetin ith owes bol
aa ee and acunge tm enteaon o eak
ae ta as neni legen no we
ut nanogenent Destin oro eb mio es he
Fa areca one sen oe ted
Se cbercan pon tou ac teen
Sinn Eve
«Adaptation te Change: Experimentation enables ural devel
estitnes is wt schig ereumstance such a cong i
Fak me ni soa preerences
«Lael Ownership: When alors para ee nex
Shute hyo tenet poms bce
Shen
+. Lean tom Flr a save sie eing Exner
aloes opens ote, even thy fae sos =
de he ede
+ Flexibility: The dance of ra cones ees a lee 27°
Diverse states can be medfd and embed as pr requirement 2
the muliastd chalengee
storie: Drs omens ng a tw comma
eet oto anders euate nga
no ot a ry nn
ee ae eed
Engagement: Dire proaches egnat wile rat
(falar tig lad commny pers, NGO cod soscrnes
Uihch fons sane ol ace open ;
© Futur Proofing: Exprmonasonlsinanidpesngand gaping rk
Salen ty evening dae me canon eal
= Long-Term Sustainabilty: Sass deed rom exptineriaon se oe
AY wo be ead a Ss cme ee ye
xe suds that showease thi patton doers
les around the wes. The lone earned fom thse
es undeie the importance of contestserlve snd
oy eproaces fective rl development pogames
Bea ep understanding of loa dynamic andthe ole
lent af community mamas. By taloring otis to
icneeds, these pogranmeshavethe pent a spat
is ransfomaton and propa url communis ers
‘Srintketan Experiment
Srinietan Experiment, also known asthe otis of Rural Reconsnucon,
Ploesring rural development native led by Rabindranath Torn the ery | ps6:
2 go, Steed pot Sarna et Be
Sirs oom tag econ vote ea ot
‘sao
ey Features and Objectives:
r mtegra Education: The Seichetan Exprant emphasise on an eatin
tempat combined academic aring wits practi ew ford
‘3 approoch sed to doe he pup betveen education and vetoes
tthe rl population.
+ Woeatlonal Trelng: Vocational traning was an integral pat of Sintertan's
seen: Stedens were exposed to various trades and cfs sch as
‘SriShu weaving nd poten. 0 equip them with racial hls that wuld
improve hl quay of i
«Reon tndasres Senetan preted the esblshment fru nds to
ua In omment opporuniter and enhanc the economic prospec fue
‘oom.
+ Caltaral Enrichment: Te expariment
ifn n preserving herage and fostering a sense of i
‘once, and dame were nel element of edueation
«Community Engagement; Scetan aimed f0 involve local communis
SeRRonaiang and Geelopmentlefors. This approach ensured thst
stetiopnont iarventons were contextually relvant and sstanable forthe
recognized he importance of elt
ent. Ars, mse,
+ Empow ‘Rural Communities: The Sriniketan Experiment
‘cnpowored rar nua by equipping tem with practical sks, edueatio,
‘nada core of salience
«+ Improved Livelihoods: Though vocational taining and promotion of ra
Indust, indus gained drs opportunites to generate income oe
enhance ther uethoods.
«+ Preservation of Cultural Heritage: Sxinketn' focus on cultural activi:
contributed to the preservation and celebration oflcal radtions ander fos
Rural Development Popa
"Enhanced Quality of Life: Ti hole eration approach
unfree pina ronan
Sideonmuniy devin Seas ee
“Community Partcpation: "he expe
Community Parcpation: The expt ronnie av coment
pesca ‘erp ard apg) among he al
Inepiaonl Mode: Sint con ped ras ty
_iughtng he ptt ol cmmuny ed epoca fra dee
in
tn ith Poneto at erate pc i
Epps and salience mmm chang
(alr! Men Coat ag oe
ihn conmuntschch onan bet orca
Contig aon omar aot no
‘eres maue nonin be
jefs and attitudes of the rural people. on
eto Cane Excl cori ota len
se ache Yo
istance and fear of disruption. "a ee
SS ee
Se eee =
ae Arms Covet ni ie a
ain “a5
‘Sen erg gies ap pnt
—
2 ee ere tne dao cE ng
Tse pra ine ro eo ee
Some ig cme
SLSR pty es emt eo more
SSE Si oct ls cortisone eres
Soot tres
jrati indPl
1 2.2.2 Gurgaon Experiment
‘The Gurgaon Experiment wee a rua development programme ilated by
eam, the Bepusy Commisinsrof-Gurgeon- Aaicultural Development:
ements
-—saiicant agricul development, tenon
Improving thelr economic conditions
© Funding:
‘Projects lke Marthandamy
‘eaintenance, end operatic
wes in securing ade
ional eet,
ent woe ply farmer wee able
Conte food secur andreas
the importance of hott
such 06 water vainly, dst,
Ivesing in irigntion infrastructure leads to
ing agrarian commuies an
oe ofthe major challenges faced during the implementation of
quate funding for consreton, ural Develop din id MERTEN
Tech Deon asain ria ST Ack
+ Regie ea rane, oarngs and ages Lek Of ch
Srantt npc ange wnet ston ad dann re,
* joes. crac lace bel roped Dies,
See eh cme coarse
Tend acquit: Anglo consi Pl ndcther
teers cape pr mvoking pl soe od ashy
cont Engagement: Ena prpaon an oapetn of os
tere sucesso pec. Oreo fessor
Sieg contig news con be hers
12224 Bards Experiment,
‘Te Baroda Expinet war ral development programme led in 1882
ce couse
git lie pense
enc conan andogsneal deepen
The experimen as based on the following pencpes:_
Peston oth lager: Tages were ace Eva nals
{Tie pommnne fom paring snpementadon Ths bed ner
Sutte payee us evento neds and that hey ere corte
+ Une of el resocet:The rome ade we of else
‘treat me odie cob a ae he pare
sane
+ Enphaso on practical results: The panne focused on ache
ctl es at wud epost lgers: Thi mer hs
teproganme wanted eperinent wth nen eas and thes
The Baro Experiment was a secs in mary way. elped in increasing
‘aftr pdictninprov naton,an omcteeilios Te pein
2 habe in aster of the ipo of ral dewdopent and pie
ther eben rane es a
‘Specific activities undertaken under the Baroda Experiment include:
+ Establishment of ural reconstruction centers: Ral econincion cet
ere setup in each vilge to provide raining and asstance tothe vile.
we al DevelopgatProgammnes 93
+ Introduction of improved agvculturl practices; Improved agile
cenich co reo, gto, a ts era wee ed
fe items
+ Soci ad aa Yaa uc oe
a _sdequate and eguler weer for irgation and drinking,
improvement: anaes inp smn
Gisccsreacacna
eto a scl ror: Sen mi ith wie emainat n
EXSco Scs
_re ech gine vs pore il eet i
on tait er ponticiotmae hebioerieues oer 8
Shan srs ocala a man
‘he erent rons sare -nd Sed ne ee
Seestpchonne oon ond sone
Koy lessons tearned:
The patty ge ctl re sc ya doe
"
temic tern ocatityictsnroe
: = reels re more importa han theories n rural development
+ Rural development programmes should be tired to the speci needs othe
Rural development programmes shouldbe implemented in a phased manner
lis Baroda Experiment is avaiable example of how rural development con be
‘uses implemeriod. The kssons learned tom hs xpermentean be oped
‘ther ral development programmes aroun the wo,
1225 Pika Development Scheme
pte Fh Development Scheme wa rural development progam lounchedin
{ies Peden naw Tal Nas in 1946 Theschome une reed ote ey
ere administrative unt that wee roughly equivalent tow aioe
Tera bce of ila Devdopment Stone
event See va ongoing
‘ondions of villages through 1prehensiv icon
haconpcnve rogaine sisal ono
-aaricultural development. on rm et Talon Te che eed pve eal ae h a
paste So ae eo rant be eae
Tenngemnentte coon er sce
+ Eameatan Te chow essed ho nd ante lg od
‘Sess cod hd eager 0 so ti om =o
«Hei The cheney i evo
Tuite urea miduesand helped th vila oimprowe te srition
«Soop Tse pel he vg ting pt
SSeS tate nde
« Segura ester ronan nom choo riage
x
‘Ret Dohme Sent ped np the ty ft
van ne spar azn an pote ee The shee
tne omm es Semen ands
ster deepen pean ro de
cee Pin Dement tn ko a elon. On
mints tes peri ag wf pei on ero
ima ind Ts mca Be me cc)
Sle ne ote var a be ewer tae oh
Secs nts
5 2.2.6 Etawa Pilot Project
The Bah Pt Project wasa rural dewlopent prramme launched in 1948 in
‘he Bina ict of Ur Prades, Inc as ined by Lt Cal Albert Mayer, an
‘Arerca oun planer with the asstanceof he tar Pradesh government ath
Point pregamme ofthe Une States.
The project aimed o improve the Evng condos ofthe people in the ict
shwough vate of measures which included:
+ Increasing acura pods
+ Impoving heath nd anton
+ Promating education end iteracy
* Developing cotge indus
*+ Encouraging seltelp and cooperation
“he Bawah Pict Poet was a sucess nd it srved as «model for cher rr
eeloprent Programmes nnd, The projet showed thal war posible tomsone
"pubes of ral poole trough a combination of techn! meee, sone
fe pt and sale.
Specie echievement of he Eau Pot Project nce:
+ AS0% incase agit roducton
| + Areduction nthe nsdence of malaria and her eases
+ Agnifeatincease in th numberof school nd stdents
+ The development of raw cote indice
+ The formation of ve 1,000 sep groupe
‘The Etawah Plot Projet wes a anda in the
roe cred npg he
yr oer ral devlopnent pegammesinininandaranatie acer
Ferns learned:
+ Theimporonc inking bh commun nie planing end irplaeraton
of development projects. "i meres
“+ The ned for technol asisance and tale
Tey ete ection and tango people prove sis
+ The impor of pov fac strc to he
‘businesses or improve their existing ones. ee
+ Teed ale hol ane to ba
: laos ha an iad depen
jem Eiwoh Plot Projects vb cane afhow nal depres
ESA ioknera: skewers conn wee nean aan one ane,
[Pete word worko ine be hero er cin
5227 Niches Experiment
.
le Eprinent waa deelopment poet ht ot stared 198
ops. The pop satel SK ea
Nii of Community Development and Coopeaton te
ithe TOD diloced persons tom akon ae Paton ofa [1962 Sia Development cama Sn Pang TED y
Their Espeimntwarbased on he nef sacec eopean,
anda ating Tose poster cea al ancy
STEReSRant ele! om nen ook sree ns ad ey
ce ees fate ens te npeses of coopesion nd cnn
Eocene development oft rn
“he Rio Espero sa vuxces a Bsa 9 modelo ht net
Sone SSectn i Reged shes he dled pen on
sepernetsret cotton tothe deopent he ocleconor
Objectives ofthe Nilaierl Experiment
ponte sel eplomert oporniesto be ioe pesos
1 Praot coon evopment
1 Emourge donee lnieg
1 ipo he ting andar oft people
Theme shee hs oben hough anamber facies eg
count fo vocabnal ting centro win the ard pean
eats ster ens enoioatiy
«The delpment fon aicrlfam prove oe and employment
te dnd pone
«Tesh! of alacalndsties generat come
1 The contacto of Rous nd ofernesrcnre othe ea! poplin
1 Taepovin for eduaon nd heath are faces
‘The Nolte Experiment ws pioneering ert nual development a it hs
sadn npn eso he ool in Nolo ands rounding aes
‘Reba na be ed ea el rather ral development projec ns
{nd ud two
Key features:
Stra ste projet ih the dpacd eons themacvs tog thee
inpanning an perenne ri
+ Hhemphased te importance cooperation and community paristin
+ thas asa on he princes emote planning
+ thas a mutated poet wih acts nacre, indus, education
healire, and te reas.
+ tt was success in achiving its objeves of proving se-employmen
pporunites,promeoing cooperative development, and improving he i
Sadar of te paced people
(ESE url Development Params oy |
“The Nici Experiments alse example of hou ual developmen can
p obalimas eigenstate erent
Siasing impect on thes ofthe people in Nick and tconinue tobe Semaat
{or oter rl development projets in nda and around te wo, '
BL23_ APPROACHES To RURAL COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
eso nel cnmanty ene empanadas
ws th in tong pone cages a ota ee
Sotto bern donpnen ena
Srnnoteuenate wwe ng mnreeers een
Sees rou ero hte pore yo
Brit um ems oe pcpr Om epson Cre ed
fine Gu hich onphasua lane esters Caen
pecpoton. Arata speach umn Rasmawah oes aes,
{Gan on ote nen ccdspent toupee ed
nal
Inmet esprit peaches hve ed nine,
‘hae lve ever aa amas dnedonesa fe
Innit oc Pry lena mesa
Fo ale ooine sat stats vacant ssa Tes
saraconmunymenes scapes cman tatconir eins
Scie lv sane and ome be en ey ee
12.3.1 Tagore’s Approach
_ Rabindranath pponch nl conmuy dndopment amet
oMbsonhy tat emphases on hls men sont eee eae ae
txhmen, and hams soni wth nt. Hwan, ches asad
Sth Serean, on eseteal tuto unde, stn en
Onrunl ewoper ht gos bse th conetonl ses ae
Tagore’s Vision:
Rabindranath Tagore's vision of rural community development centered eroune
{teaing harmonious and holistic society where individuals could realize thet f
Potental in harmony with nature and culture, He envisioned a word where education
Cultural entichment, and sustainable living were interwoven thus leading to th
‘Powerment of individuals and the overall well-being of rural communies (polenta ere SURE
seroma Hngen Growth Ropr's sprotch pict thoi
* late eras cra ei i a
ee
+ Shin re capone Waban ope Be
SRETULERS oneing pein lions le acing se tone
Slocemepbonoslak
Vainable Coesistenee; Fe phbph shige heirs ing
~ Sty ra pecs ial apa ond ecg
(Sueae tance reese non ad eso we Sng,
atlon of Urban and Rural: Tgp slo aati for 8 sth
‘frase by asia cman beso modes
Outcomes of Tagore's Approach:
* Empowered Individuals: Tgore's emphasis on eduction led to the
‘=xponementf nla by ending he oink ely make rms
(ions and cont meaning he ace
+ Cultural Identity: Hs rpreach hoped ral communes in gresersng he
(ua ergs wide eobrecng tal nares lading to. unique Hes)
tien ed coneprayvalae
+ Sustainable Practices: Tgoe'sphsop promoted satsnale agi
meh hs fing blacedcoestence uth naire snd esting long
{em envronmanl hath,
+ Harmonious Society: Theintasion of educa, cule, and sisi
ving contbuted nthe ceaton ofa harmonious and balanced sce.
‘Succestl Examples:
+ Santiniketan: The institution founded by Tagore, Santiniketan, resins
2 shining example of his approch orl community development. ls
‘roduc insu who have excaled inves elds ui earying fra
Tagore’ values and pilosphis
* Misva Bharat! Universi: Tages vison vas realized tough Visva‘harah
rivers en instaton that conirues to promote his phlosopy of eucaon,
cule, and urinbity,
fata Gandhi von of ru.
ae
9
deine adn a omega
community dewopment wns centered eeound
G2 siblon,decentalaed.andhamoncur sac, He dso dea
ning uns wher nds es
in dani, pracad spicy, ant ately
= nthe governance and economicachies Gandhivainceg eee,
aie stores sey where
lpportnity to load a meaning
Principles and Pi
veryindvisl espa the merges,
and emponered ie serps
oe ee
‘that aligned with their unique needs and priorities, —
Se ae
Sete one
eo eer crn Mant Cn aoay wr
rs sy a
‘Salty anon dil
Sandhis pele of ron
+ Nonviolent Resistance Sotaqah
‘rare egos on pial changes wit rng
ane Tinea nia ad oman poset
halogen pres a poet,
+ Equality and Eadeation of Untoehabiliy Gand aoc fr sac
cual ante menue prace fours Hewes
‘egming he margins score of the sot ino te matty yy
ting unt anor ders coment.
+ Environmentally Sustanable Practices: Gandhi's emphasis ons
_iSency enone © erronmel srl a walle ecsurages
_Asibe agua pace and he crsraon Oma aouess
rae the wl ing ft present and te greens
stoma of Gandhi's Approach:
+ Economie Empowerment: Cah’ promaton of ctage indies an
sistance toned econ oporse ara asthe
the dpenenyon etre
+ Community Patieiption: Hs empha on wiovemance empower!
the ll eommunies to acy prs th deco alg process
{estcrg av of oan and maps.
+ Promotion of Equally Gandhs acca fs equally end eraation
of unouchsbity Reed In conn to a mor inne Sole pis
magnate scons, and promang sa cohesion,
* Nonsolent Movements: Gandhi's phleseny of nonssnt esance
pled otal ren I's ual or independence by inping sine
‘movements lal and showcasing the power of pete potas
‘Successfal Examples:
+ Champaran Satygraha: Gand fists sjxyahnin Champa
‘Bihar, ease onthe iss of nication nd ufone procs
hich resale nthe improved condo of indigo lamers. ee
See Serre end oo tx oS
ere oe
en
el
i scairsmetl
a camatnmnnena nel ee
Aa cee
Se
Fe cmarvermhinahinm =i tiastee a,
ea
fat eee ee ee
{the communie,
4. Coltral Emschment
* Tagore: Tag's approach eiphaced on he preservation ofa ery
he de une tine embracing ital nfsenesr. He nw eae a rc
Genser the rr and urban weds, string unl) and undersanding.
+ Gandhi: Gandhi eh on Suadesh and the eva of vlog nds
thataimed to promot taconl cafsnanstpand empower thera art
heey preserving ell rates end ei.
5. Economic Focus:
+ Tagore: While Tag's approach alnouledged economic development
ss nteated ino a bender contest foveal hunan wellbeing, eit
cevicnent nd eainably,
+ Gandhi: Gandh'sapproach psa’ economic sl suflency and eu