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Macmillan Building and Surveying Series Macmillan Building and Surveying Series

Past examination

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43 views9 pages

Macmillan Building and Surveying Series Macmillan Building and Surveying Series

Past examination

Uploaded by

mannuticky
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Macmillan Building and Surveying Series

Accounting and Finance for Building and Surveying AR. Jennings


Advanced Building Measurement, second edition Ivor H. Seeley
Advanced Valuation Diane Butler and David Richmond
Applied Valuation, second edition Diane Butler
Asset Valuation Michael Rayner
Auctioning Real Property R.M. Courtenay Lord
Building Economics, fourth edition Ivor H. Seeley
Building Maintenance, second edition Ivor H. Seeley
Building Maintenance Technology Lee How Son and George CS. Yuen
Building Procurement, second edition Alan E. Turner
Building Project Appraisal Keith Hutchinson
Building Quantities Explained, fifth edition Ivor H. Seeley
Building Services George Hassan
Building Surveys, Reports and Dilapidations Ivor H. Seeley
Building Technology, fifth edition Ivor H. Seeley
Civil Engineering Contract Administration and Control, second edition
Ivor H. Seeley
Civil Engineering Quantities, fifth edition Ivor H. Seeley
Commercial Lease Renewals - A Practical Guide Philip Freedman and
Eric F. Shapiro
Computers and Quantity Surveyors AJ. Smith
Conflicts in Construction - Avoiding, managing, resolving Jeff Whitfield
Constructability in Building and Engineering Projects A. Griffith and A.C Sidwell
Construction Contract Claims Reg Thomas
Construction Economics - An Introduction Stephen L. Gruneberg
Construction Law Michael F. James
Construction Marketing - Strategies for Success Richard Pettinger
Construction Planning, Programming and Control Brian Cooke and Peter Williams
Contract Planning Case Studies B. Cooke
Cost Estimation of Structures in Commercial Buildings Surinder Singh
Design-Build Explained D.E.L. Janssens
Economics and Construction Andrew J. Cooke
Environmental Management in Construction Alan Griffith
Environmental Science in Building, fourth edition R. McMullan
Estimating, Tendering and Bidding for Construction AJ. Smith
European Construction - Procedures and techniques B. Cooke and G. Walker
Facilities Management, second edition Alan Park
Greener Buildings - Environmental impact of property Stuart Johnson
Housing Management - Changing Practice Christine Davies (Editor)
Information and Technology Applications in Commercial Property
Rosemary Feenan and Tim Dixon (Editors)
Introduction to Building Services, second edition E.F. Curd and CA Howard
Introduction to Valuation, third edition D. Richmond
Marketing and Property People Owen Bevan
Measurement of Building Services George P. Murray
Principles of Property Investment and Pricing, second edition W.D. Fraser
Project Management and Control David Day
Property Development Appraisal and Finance David Isaac

(Continued overleaf)
Property Finance David Isaac
Property Investment David Isaac
Property Management - A Customer Focused Approach Gordon Edington
Property Valuation Techniques David Isaac and Terry Steley
Public Works Engineering Ivor H. Seeley
Quality Assurance in Building Alan Griffith
Quantity Surveying Practice, second edition Ivor H. Seeley
Real Estate in Corporate Strategy Marion Weatherhead
Recreation Planning and Development Neil Ravenscroft
Resource Management for Construction M.R. Canter
Small Building Works Management Alan Griffith
Social Housing Management Martyn Pearl
Structural Detailing, second edition P. Newton
Sub-Contracting under the JCT Standard Forms of Building Contract Jennie Price
Urban Land Economics and Public Policy, fifth edition P.N. Balehin, G.H. Bull
and J.L. Kieve
Value Management in Construction B. Norton and W. McElligott
1980 JCT Standard Form of Building Contract, third edition R.F. Fellows

Macmillan Building and Surveying Series


Series Standing Order ISBN 978-0-333-69333-9
You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing
order. Please contact your bookseller or, in the case of difficulty, write to us at the
address below with your name and address, the title of the series and the ISBN quoted
above.

Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd


Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS, England
Envi ronmental
Science in
Building

Randall McMullan
MSc, CPhys, MCIGB, MlnsP

Fourth Edition

--
MACMILLAN
© R. McMullan 1983,1989,1992,1998

All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of


this publication may be made without written permission.

No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or


transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with
the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988,
or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying
issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court
Road, London W1 P 9HE.

Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this


publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil
claims for damages.

The author has asserted his rights to be identified as


the author of this work in accordance with the
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

Fourth Edition first published 1998 by


MACMILLAN PRESS LTD
Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS
and London
Companies and representatives
throughout the world

ISBN 978-0-333-73201-4 ISBN 978-1-349-14811-0 (eBook)


DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-14811-0

A catalogue record for this book is available


from the British Library.

This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and


made from fully managed and sustained forest sources.

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
07 06 05 04 03 02 01 00 99 98
Contents

Preface viii
Acknowledgements ix
Introduction 1

1 Principles of Heat 5
Nature of heat 5
Heat transfer 16
Gases and vapours 20
Refrigerators and heat pumps 23
Exercises 29

2 Thermal Insulation 31
Insulating materials 31
V-values 36
Thermal bridging 45
Structural temperatures 49
Exercises 52

3 Energy Use 55
Thermal comfort 55
Heat losses 60
Heat gains 68
Heat balance 73
Energy consumption 75
Energy regulations 79
Exercises 85

4 Ventilation, Humidity and Condensation 87


Ventilation 87
Humidity 92
Condensation in buildings 102
vi Contents

Condensation conditions 107


Exercises 115

5 Principles of Light 117


Electromagnetic radiation 117
Nature of vision 119
Measurement of lighting 122
Colour 133
Exercises 137

6 Artificial Lighting 139


Lamps 139
Luminaires 148
Lighting design 151
Exercises 158

7 Natural Lighting 160


Natural light sources 160
Dayl ight factors 162
Combined lighting 170
Exercises 172

8 Principles of Sound 173


Nature of sound 173
Sound levels 178
Attenuation of sound 186
Nature of hearing 190
Exercises 194

9 Noise 195
Measurement of noise 195
Noise control 203
Noise transfer 204
Sound insulation 206
Exercises 219

10 Room Acoustics 221


Acoustic principles 221
Reflection 223
Absorption 227
Contents vii

Reverberation 232
Exercises 238

11 Electricity Supplies 240


Current electricity 240
Magnetism 254
Induction 260
Power supplies 269
Electrical installations 276
Exercises 278

12 Water Supplies 280


Fluids at rest 280
Fluid flow 285
Natural waters 295
Water treatment 303
Water installations 310
Exercises 312

13 Environmental Buildings 314


Climate 314
Energy conservation 320
Sick buildings 323
Green buildings 325
Intelligent buildings 326
Integrated building design 327
Useful references 329

Index 330
Preface

This book studies the technical basis of the environment which exists in and
around buildings. The main considerations are the effects of heat, light and
sound within buildings; together with supplies of water and electricity. The
text also deals with climatic effects, energy use, sick buildings and other
topics which underline the need for an integrated approach to the study and
design of environmental services.
The book is intended for students of building, engineering and surveying
who are studying environmental science at a variety of levels. The principal
requirements of courses for degrees, vocational diplomas and certificates,
and for examinations of professional institutes are satisfied by the contents of
the book. Over a decade of publication has confirmed that the book is useful
at all levels, from introductory student text to professional reference.
This fourth edition of the book contains new sections which have evolved
from continuing teaching experience, together with appropriate revisions to
data. The text still aims to give the user a secure technical knowledge based
on accurate principles and terminology.
The book assumes a minimum prior knowledge of science and mathemat-
ics and the text highlights important facts and formulas as an aid to reference
and to memory. Definitions and units are expressed in forms appropriate for
this level of study and provide a link to the practical technical literature of
the various topics. Where a numerical approach is required, worked exam-
ples are displayed step-by-step and supported by exercises for practice.
The style of writing has been kept simple but, at the same time, it has a
technical content and accuracy appropriate to this level of study. The text is
illustrated by labelled drawings which are intended to help explain the text
and to act as models for student sketches. All of the subjects in the book are
worthy of extended studies and it is hoped that this book will be a starting
point for many further investigations.

Randall McMullan

viii
Acknowledgements

The author and publishers thank the following organisations for permission
to quote from their material, as indicated in the text:

C1BSE Guide for tables 2.1,2.5,3.1; by courtesy ofThe Chartered Institution


of Building Services Engineers, London.

BRE Digests for table 7.2 and figures 7.4 and 7.5; by courtesy of the Building
Research Establishment.

ix

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