GRADE 11

LIFE SCIENCES: PAPER I

NOVEMBER EXAMINATION
2020

NAME:

ANSWER BOOKLET

Answer All These Questions in This Answer Booklet in the Spaces Provided.

QUESTION 1
1.1 Select the term in Column B that best matches the description in Column A. Write
the letter of the term in the corresponding space provided between the brackets.
Each letter must only be used once.

COLUMN A COLUMN B
A five-digit limb which is a wide-spread evolutionary trait in
[ ] A Species
many four-legged animals such as the horse

[ ] A complete counting of a population at a point in time B Homologous

Organisms that are similar in appearance and share a

[ ] C Mark - recapture
gene pool
The place occupied by an organism, the resources that it
[ ] D Quadrat method
uses and its specific role in a habitat
A method used in ecology to estimate an animal population
[ ] size where a portion of the population is captured, marked, E Pentadactyl limb
and released
A flightless bird that has evolved in different ways on the Convergent
[ ] F
different continents evolution
Similar structures with the same body plan that perform
[ ] different functions e.g. wing of a bat and flipper of a G Community
dolphin
Evolutionary relationships represented on a branched
[ ] H Ratite
diagram
A group of many different species of organisms that
[ ] I Ecological niche
occupy the same area and interact with one another.
When unrelated organisms develop different structures
[ ] J Phylogenetic tree
with the same function e.g. wings of bat and butterfly
K Census

[10]
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1.2 TEN multiple choice questions are given below. Choose the most correct
alternative in each question and write ONLY the letter of the correct answer in the
space provided in the table.

Question 1.2.1 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.2.4 1.2.5 1.2.6 1.2.7 1.2.8 1.2.9 1.2.10

Answer

1.2.1 Which of the following options below provides the correct labels for the parts
numbered 1, 2 and 3 respectively, of the bacterium?

A plasmid, tail, slime capsule

B nucleus, plasma membrane, flagellum
C chromosomes, nucleoid, cilia
D plasmid, slime capsule, flagellum (1)

1.2.2 Which of the following is the best description of a ‘population’ of organisms?

A all the wading birds such as spoonbills and black oystercatchers in the St
Lucia nature reserve
B all the sardines in the ocean
C the many different types of ferns growing in the understorey of a woodland
forest
D all of the endemic Kloof frogs of the species Natalobatrachus bonebergi living
in a rock pool (1)

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 1.2.3 What are the correct labels for the diagram below? Choose only the letter of the
row with the labels in the correct order.

1 2 3 4 5
A medulla
brain stem cerebellum spinal cord cerebrum
oblongata
B brain stem
corpus
cerebrum pituitary gland of spinal spinal cord
callossum
cord
C brain stem of medulla
pituitary gland spinal cord cerebrum
spinal cord oblongata
D brain stem
cerebrum pituitary gland of spinal cerebellum spinal cord
cord
(1)

1.2.4 The part of the nervous system involved in the “fight-or-flight” response is the?

A spinal cord
B autonomic nervous system
C somatic nervous system
D central nervous system (1)

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1.2.5 Examine the following diagram and decide which option below can be inferred from
the life cycle of the malaria mosquito.

* merozoites and

A The malarial parasite causes the rupture of both liver cells and red blood
cells
B The sporozoites are taken up by the vector
C The gametocytes develop into larvae in the capillaries of humans
D Fusion of the male and female gametocytes occurs in the human host (2)

Questions 1.2.6 & 1.2.7 refer to the photograph of a microorganism shown below.

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1.2.6 The photograph on the previous page represents?

A saprophytic protist
B Vibrio’s bacteria
C A bacillus
D Cocci bacteria (1)

1.2.7 The actual length of the organism along line A-B is?

A 0,89 µm
B 0,89 mm
C 0,089 nm
D 0,089 µm (2)

Use the Information Below to Answer Questions 1.2.8 To 1.2.10

Graph showing the growth curve for a population of vertebrate species in an ecosystem.

1.2.8 Which of the following is NOT a correct feature of the above graph:

A the graph represents logistic growth of a population of organisms

B there are four distinct periods of growth in this population
C the J-shaped graph is representative of a population of microorganisms
D the population in this graph stabilises around carrying capacity of the
environment (1)

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1.2.9 Which option in the table below CORRECTLY describes Phase 4 of the growth
curve in the graph on the previous page?

Change in overall size of

NAME of PHASE
population
A lag phase slow birth rate
B exponential growth
rapidly increasing birth rate
phase
C equilibrium phase birth rate equal to death rate
D decelerating phase extinction phase
(1)

1.2.10 Which of the following represents a density independent factor that could affect a
mouse population living in a grassland?

A a decrease in the amount of available food

B a veld fire that swept through the field
C less than average rainfall in the rainy season
D a large family of barn owls that moved into the area (1)

[12]

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1.3 Study the diagram of the eye below and complete the table as indicated.

1.3.1 Complete the spaces in the table below by filling in the missing names of parts of
the eye or their functions:

NAME FUNCTION

I Tough, white non-elastic coat that protects the eyeball

II choroid

IV optic nerve

A thin, transparent part of the sclera that refracts light

VII
rays and protects the front of the eyeball

Contains muscles that change the shape of the lens to

VIII
bring images into focus
(5)

1.3.2 Label the following on the diagram: yellow spot (fovea); blind spot (2)

1.3.3 Draw the appropriate type of lens in front of the eyeball that would be used to
correct long sightedness in prescription spectacles. (2)

[9]
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1.4 The diagram below illustrates the re-colonisation of new plants and animals in an
area destroyed by a fire. Answer the questions below.

1 2 3 4 5
https://biologydictionary.net

1.4.1 What is the biological term for the “reappearance of plants and animals in a
sequence” after a fire? (1)

_________________________________________________________________

1.4.2 Write the biological term given to the first plants that re-colonise an area as seen in
frame 2 and give an example of one plant that would first appear in this area.
(2)

_________________________________________________________________

1.4.3 Of what benefit could regular natural burning be to an ecosystem? (1)

_________________________________________________________________

1.4.4 a. Provide the term for a stable community as seen in frame 5. (1)

b. Name any TWO animals that would form part of the community in frame 5.

(2)

[7]

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1.5 Study the population pyramids below and answer the questions that follow.

A: South Africa - 2013

B: South Africa - 2019

https://images.populationpyramid.net

1.5.1 Which of the following describes the overall 2013 population pyramid of South
Africa: developing; stable or declining? Give a reason for your answer. (2)

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1.5.2 From the population pyramids, calculate the following: (Show all working)

a. How many children there were in the 0-4 age cohort in 2013.
(cohort = A generational group of people)

(1)

b. The difference in the number of males compared to females in the 35 to

39 cohort in 2019. Suggest a reason for this difference.

(4)

1.5.3 Refer to BOTH graphs and describe ONE way in which the human population in
South Africa has changed over the six years (2013 – 2019).

(1)

1.5.4 AIDS has had an enormous impact on the populations of sub-Saharan Africa. One
AIDS researcher has estimated that 25% of South Africans between the ages of 0
to 24 years could die by 2025.

a. Describe the shape of the predicted population pyramid for 2020 if this were to
happen.

(2)

b. Explain what these changes could mean for the economy of the country.

(3)
[13]

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1.6 Read the information below on the biogeography of Proteas and answer the
following questions.

Proteaceae are mainly a Southern Hemisphere family, with its main centres of diversity in Australia and
South Africa. Proteas originated in the Western Cape region of South Africa and spread from there across
adjacent land masses. It also occurs in Central Africa, South and Central America, India, eastern and
south eastern Asia and Australia. Only two species are known from New Zealand, although fossil pollen
evidence suggests there were more previously.

It is a good example of a Gondwanan family, with taxa occurring on virtually every land mass considered
a remnant of the ancient supercontinent Gondwana, except Antarctica. The family and subfamilies are
thought to have diversified well before the fragmentation of Gondwana, implying all of them are well
over 90 million years old. Evidence for this includes an abundance of proteaceous pollen found in
carbonised coal beds of New Zealand. It is thought to have achieved its present distribution largely
by continental drift rather than dispersal across ocean gaps.
Adapted: [https://www.fiftyflowers.com]

A Protea flower

[Image: https://www.fiftyflowers.com]

1.6.1 Where did Proteas first evolve?

(1)

1.6.2 a. Explain what is meant by the term ‘biogeography’.

(2)

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 b. Explain clearly what scientists mean when they say “It (Proteaceae) is thought
to have achieved its present distribution largely by continental drift rather than
dispersal across ocean gaps.”

(3)

1.6.3 List TWO quotes from the text that illustrate scientists’ theory that Proteas were
once found across Gondwanaland.

(2)

1.6.4 a. Draw a circle around the region which represents the Gondwana super-
continent on the map below. (1)

b. Draw arrows to show the distribution of Proteas from the Western Cape to
other regions as described in the text. (1)

The Pangea map with all interconnected continents

[Adapted: https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com] [10]

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1.7 Study the table below which consists of two items (numbered 1 and 2) in the second
column and a term in the first column. Decide which item(s) relate to the term.

Write down your choice in the space provided in the answer column, making use of
the following codes:

A only item 1 relates to the term

B only item 2 relates to the term
C both item 1 and 2 relate to the term
D neither item 1 nor 2 relates to the term

Term Statements/descriptions Answer

1. prevents friction in a joint
Synovial fluid
2. secreted by a membrane lining the joint capsule
1. joints found between the vertebrae
Suture
2. immovable joint between the bones of the cranium
1. consists mainly of bone and cartilage
Exoskeleton 2. an internal skeleton that provides support and structure
to an organism
1. consists of the pectoral and pelvic girdles and bones of
Appendicular
the upper and lower limbs
skeleton
2. made up of the skull, vertebral column and ribcage
1. the seven bones that form the ankle
Tarsals
2. the calcaneum is the largest and forms the heel bone

[5]
1.8 Study the infographic on the NEXT PAGE on vector-borne diseases. Use the
information to complete the table below using the following key:

 Use an A if the information in the infographic supports the statement

 Use a B if the information in the infographic is not supported by the statement
 Use a C if it is not clear whether the information in the infographic supports or
contradicts the statement

Statement A, B or C

1.8.1 It is important to get vaccinated against yellow fever.

1.8.2 Sand-flies are responsible for as many common vector-borne diseases

as ticks and mosquitoes .

1.8.3 A vector is an organism, typically a biting insect or tick, that transmits a

disease or parasite from one animal or plant to another.

1.8.4 To protect your family against malaria, get vaccinated and take simple
preventative measures.

1.8.5 Getting rid of stagnant water will control the spread of malaria.

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1.8.6 A large number of people travelling overseas contract a deadly vector
borne disease.
[6]

INFOGRAPHIC:

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1.9 Draw a biological diagram of a sensory neuron in the space below.

 Provide a detailed heading

 Provide any 3 annotated labels of relevant parts of the neuron
 Adhere to drawing principles for biological diagrams

[8]

TOTAL QUESTION 1: 80

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