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Lab Manual 6

The document describes a lab session on implementing differential protection for a power transformer using MATLAB Simulink. Students will model a differential relay and simulate it protecting a power transformer from faults. The objectives are to understand differential relay operation and model it in Simulink. The procedure explains how to set up a model of a power system including a transformer and simulate faults, showing the relay operating only for faults in the protected zone.

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Muhammad Ans
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83 views5 pages

Lab Manual 6

The document describes a lab session on implementing differential protection for a power transformer using MATLAB Simulink. Students will model a differential relay and simulate it protecting a power transformer from faults. The objectives are to understand differential relay operation and model it in Simulink. The procedure explains how to set up a model of a power system including a transformer and simulate faults, showing the relay operating only for faults in the protected zone.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Ans
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

Roll No.

______________________ Section: __________________ Date: ____________________

Power System Protection


Lab Session 6

Differential Protection for Power Transformer

Objectives:
At the end of this lab session students will be able to
 Understand the working of Differential Relay.
 Model Differential relay in Matlab Simulink.

6.0 Differential protection


Differential protection, as its name implies, compares currents entering and leaving
the protected zone. It operates when the differential current between these currents exceed a
pre-determined level. In this protection scheme faults are detected by comparing the currents
flowing into and out of the protected object.

Current based differential protection is applied in power system to protect the power
transformers and bus bars. The differential scheme which is used to protect the transformer is
called the current balance or circulating current scheme. It is based on ampere-turn balancing
of all the windings mounted on the same magnetic core limb.

6.1 Laboratory Task


Implement a Differential-Relay that protects the Power-Transformer against all the
faults within the protected zone. Protected zone is the region between two current-
transformers on either sides of Power-Transformer. Relay should not operate for the faults
outside the protected zone.

6.2 Procedure
Step 1:

Draw a power system having a three phase source, three phase circuit breakers, three-
phase VI measurement units, three phase transformer (two winding) and three phase RLC
series load. Connect the blocks as shown in figure and set the parameters as specified.
Radial Power System
Set the properties of each block as mentioned below. Keep all other parameters as it is.
System Frequency: 50 Hz
Total Simulation Time: 0.5 s
Solver: Ode23tb (stiff/TR-BDF2)
Solver reset Method: Robust

Three phase source:


Voltage (Phase to Phase): 11e3 V
Internal connection: Y grounded
3 phase short circuit level: 500e6 VA
Base voltage: 11e3 V

Three-Phase Breakers:
Initial status of breakers: closed

Three-Phase Transformer (Two Windings):


Winding 1 connection (ABC terminals): Y grounded
Winding 2 connection (abc terminals): Y grounded
Nominal power and frequency: [200e6, 50]
Winding 1 voltage: 11e3
Winding 2 voltage: 33e3
Magnetization resistance Rm: 1e6
Magnetization inductance Lm: 1e6

Three-Phase Series RLC Load:


Configuration: Y grounded
Nominal voltage: 33e3 V
Active Power (MW): 150e6 W
Inductive reactive power: 50e6 VAR
Capacitive reactive Power: 0 VAR

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Step 2:

In subsystem “Differential Relay”, connect the blocks as shown in the diagram and set
the parameters of blocks as specified.

Discrete RMS value:


Fundamental frequency (Hz): 50
Gain (Turn Ratio):
Gain: 3

S-R Flip-Flop:
Initial condition: 1

Run the simulation and observe output on both scopes.

Step 3:
Now connect three three-phase fault blocks as shown in figure and set their parameters as
specified.
Three-Phase Fault (Fault 1, Fault 2, Fault 3):
Ground fault: Select this option
External control of fault timing: Select this option
Initial status of fault: [0 0 0]
Timer 1:
Time (s): [0 0.08 0.14]
Amplitude: [0 1 0]
Timer 2:
Time (s): [0 0.35 0.42]
Amplitude: [0 1 0]

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Timer 3:
Time (s): [0 0.2 0.26]
Amplitude: [0 1 0]

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Run the simulation and observe the waveforms of current on both scopes.
In above figure Fault 1 and Fault 3 are outside the protected zone of Differential relay
so relay does not trip. But Fault 2 occurs inside the protected zone so relay picks the fault and
opens the circuit breakers to clear it.

Note: If the simulation is taking a long time to complete, change the “powergui” setting from
“continuous” to “Discrete” and set sample time 50e-6. The “powergui” block is present on
the top left corner of your main Simulink file. If powergui block is not present in the file,
place it from Simpower Systems toolbox.

Assignment:

 Implement a “Universal relay” that protects the power system in following conditions.
1. Short circuit fault.
2. Over-voltage.
3. Under-Voltage.
 Relay must be “definite time” and “resettable”.
 Relay must have following inputs.
1. Three-Phase voltage (output of CT)
2. Three-Phase current (output of VT)
3. Current setting (pick-up value)
4. Overvoltage setting
5. Under-voltage setting
6. Time delay
7. Reset
 Simulate the system for 1 sec and show all operations of relay in single simulation time in
following sequence.
1. Energize the system through “reset”
2. Short circuit fault, relay must clear this fault after specified time delay
3. Reset the relay after the removal of fault
4. Over voltage fault, relay must clear this fault after specified time delay
5. Reset the relay after the removal of fault
6. Under voltage fault, relay must clear this fault after specified time delay
7. Reset the relay after the removal of fault
 Use multiple levels subsystem for the modeling of the relay.
 Set the name of relay model in following format
 SS_XXX.mdl, here SS is section e.g. B1, C1, D2 etc. and XXX is roll number in
three digits e.g. 001, 037, 261 etc.
 If a student from section B2 has roll number 11 then his simulation model name
should be “B2_011.mdl”.
 Submit your assignment in next lab session in soft form.
 Late assignments will not be accepted.

Obtained Marks /Grade: ___________________

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