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How To Make A 6V Solar Battery Charger Circuit - En.fa

The document discusses how to build a 6-volt solar battery charger circuit with automatic cutoff functionality using a 4-LED indicator and overcurrent protection. The circuit can be controlled via a solar panel or AC/DC adapter and includes a voltage regulator, transistor for current limiting, and op amps for voltage monitoring indicators.

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53 views2 pages

How To Make A 6V Solar Battery Charger Circuit - En.fa

The document discusses how to build a 6-volt solar battery charger circuit with automatic cutoff functionality using a 4-LED indicator and overcurrent protection. The circuit can be controlled via a solar panel or AC/DC adapter and includes a voltage regulator, transistor for current limiting, and op amps for voltage monitoring indicators.

Uploaded by

Gary
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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‫‪www.onlinedoctranslator.

com - naisreP ot hsilgnE morf detalsnarT‬‬

‫ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪﯾﮏ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺷﺎﺭﮊﺭ ﺑﺎﺗﺮﯼ ﺧﻮﺭﺷﯿﺪﯼ ‪ 6‬ﻭﻟﺖ ﺑﺴﺎﺯﯾﻢ‬


‫‪makecircuits.com‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﯾﮏ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺷﺎﺭﮊﺭ ﺑﺎﺗﺮﯼ ﺧﻮﺭﺷﯿﺪﯼ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ‪ 6‬ﻭﻟﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺧﻮﺩﮐﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ‪ LED 4‬ﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻣﻨﯿﺖ ﺑﯿﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺻﺤﺒﺖ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﯿﻢ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﯾﮏﭘﻨﻞ ﺧﻮﺭﺷﯿﺪﯼ ﯾﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﯾﮏ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺁﺩﺍﭘﺘﻮﺭ ‪ AC/DC mans‬ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ‬

‫ﻣﺪﺍﺭﺷﺎﺭﮊﺭ ﺑﺎﺗﺮﯼ ﺧﻮﺭﺷﯿﺪﯼ ‪ 6‬ﻭﻟﺘﯽ ﺗﺮﺟﯿﺤﯽ ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﮐﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﺍﺭﺟﺎﻉ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﮐﻤﮏ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺯﯾﺮ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬

‫ﺁﯼﺳﯽ ‪ LM317‬ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﯾﮏ ﺁﯼ ﺳﯽ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﯾﮏ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ‪ 7‬ﻭﻟﺘﯽ‬
‫ﺑﺴﺘﻪﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻫﺎﯼ ‪ 120‬ﺍﻫﻢ ﻭ ‪ 560‬ﺍﻫﻢ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺰﯾﺴﺘﻮﺭ‪ BC547‬ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ‪ 1‬ﺍﻫﻢ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺷﺎﺭﮊ ﺑﺎﺗﺮﯼ ‪ 6‬ﻭﻟﺖ ‪4.5 /‬‬
‫ﺁﻣﭙﺮﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻫﯿﭻ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻼﻣﺖ ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ ‪ 500‬ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﺁﻣﭙﺮ ﻓﺮﺍﺗﺮ ﻧﻤﯽ ﺭﻭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽﻓﺎﺯ ‪ LM317‬ﻓﻮﺭﺍ ًﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﺗﺮﯼ ‪ 6‬ﻭﻟﺘﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺷﺎﺭﮊ ﺑﺎﺗﺮﯼ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼﺍﯾﻦ ﺁﯼ ﺳﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﯾﮏ ﺳﻮﺉﯿﭻ ‪ ،SPDT‬ﯾﺎ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻨﻞ ﺧﻮﺭﺷﯿﺪﯼ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﯾﺎ ﺍﺯ ﯾﮏ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺁﺩﺍﭘﺘﻮﺭ ‪/DC‬‬
‫‪ AC‬ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﮐﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺁﯾﺎ ﭘﻨﻞ ﺧﻮﺭﺷﯿﺪﯼ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ ﯾﺎ ﺧﯿﺮ‪ ،‬ﮐﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻤﮑﻦﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﯾﮏ ﻭﻟﺖ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺕ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﺍﺳﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ﺁﯼ ﺳﯽ ‪.LM317‬‬

‫ﭼﻬﺎﺭ‪ opamp‬ﺍﺯ ‪ IC LM324‬ﮐﻪ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﺎ ًﯾﮏ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ‪ opamp‬ﺩﺭ ﯾﮏ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ‬
‫ﮐﺎﺑﻞﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺼﺮﯼ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻟﺤﻈﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺷﺎﺭﮊ ﯾﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪﺍﺭﺍﺉﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ‪ LED‬ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﯾﺎ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﺤﻮﻩﺷﺎﺭﮊ ﺻﺤﯿﺢ ﺑﺎﺗﺮﯼ ﻟﯿﺘﯿﻮﻡ ﯾﻮﻧﯽ ﺭﺍ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺒﯿﻨﯿﺪ‬

‫ﺗﻤﺎﻡﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻌﮑﻮﺱ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ‪ opamps‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﯾﻮﺩ ﺯﻧﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 3‬ﻭﻟﺖ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﯽ‬
‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼﻫﺎﯼ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﮑﻮﺱ ‪ opamp‬ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﺯ ﭘﯿﺶ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﺎ ًﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﺳﺘﯽ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﻟﯽ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﭘﯿﺪﺍ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻼﺉﻢﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ‪ LED‬ﻫﺎﯼ ﺭﻧﮕﯽ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﯽ ﮐﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪.‬ﺍﺯﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺁﻥ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺣﺬﻑ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﻤﺉﻦ ﺷﻮﯾﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﺗﺮﯼ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻧﺪﺭﺕﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺮﺯﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻀﺮ ﻏﯿﺮﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﺎﺯﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺭﻫﺎ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪ TIP122‬ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺵ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ )ﺭﻭﺷﻦ ﺷﺪﻥ‬
‫ﺳﻔﯿﺪﺭﻧﮓ(‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺰﯾﺴﺘﻮﺭ ‪ LED‬ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺁﺳﺘﺎﻧﻪ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﯽ ﮐﻪ‬
‫ﺍﯾﻦ‪ A2‬ﺯﺭﺩ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﻪ ‪LED‬‬

‫‪.‬ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺷﺎﺭﮊ ﺑﺎﺗﺮﯼ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﮐﻨﺪ )ﺍﺧﺘﯿﺎﺭﯼ( ‪ LM317‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺷﺎﺭﮊ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎﻻﯼ ﺑﺎﺗﺮﯼ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ‪...‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻ ًﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺰﯾﺴﺘﻮﺭ ‪LED A4‬‬

‫ﻟﻄﻔﺎ ًﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﯿﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾﻨﮑﻪ ‪ A2/A4‬ﻧﯿﺎﺯﯼ ﺑﻪ ﻫﯿﺴﺘﺮﺯﯾﺲ ﯾﮑﭙﺎﺭﭼﻪ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻧﺎﺗﯽ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺩﺭ ﺁﺳﺘﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﮐﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﮐﻪ ﻟﺰﻭﻣﺎ ًﻣﺸﮑﻠﯽ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﻧﻤﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ ﯾﺎ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﯾﺎ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﺎﺗﺮﯼ ﮐﻠﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬
‫ﻧﻤﯽ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

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