The Ante-Nicene period- Active

ROMAN separation of the new Christian church

from the Jewish culture, and the

CATHOLIC
gradual spread of Christianity to
western Europe, Mediterranean region,
and near East.

CHURCH 200 CE- Basic structure of the Catholic

Church was in place under the
history leadership of Irenaeus. The basic tenets
of Catholicism were formalized,
The Roman Catholic church based in the involving the absolute rule of faith.
Vatican and led by the Pope, is the
largest of all branches of Christianity, 313 CE- Roman Emperor Constantine
with about 1.3 billion followers worldwide. legalized Christianity, moving the
Roman capital to Constantinople,
Roman Catholicism itself maintains that making the Christian church to be the
the Roman Catholic Church was central authority in Rome.
established by Christ when he gave
direction to the Apostle Peter as the 325 CE- The First Council of Nicaea by
head of the church. Emperor Constantine I. They attempted
to structure church leadership around a
Matthew 16:18, when Jesus Christ said to model similar to that of the Roman
Peter: "And I tell you that you are Peter, system, and also formalized key articles
and on this rock I will build my church, of faith.
and the gates of Hades will not
overcome it." (NIV). 551 CE- The Council of Chalcedon was
declared the head of the Eastern
According to The Moody Handbook of branch of the Church, equal in authority
Theology, the official beginning of the to the Pope. This began the division of
Roman Catholic church occurred in 590 church to Eastern Orthodox and
CE, with Pope Gregory I. Roman Catholic branches.

key dates and events 590 CE- The Catholic Church attempted
APOSTOLIC AGE- The early church was to convert pagan people to Catholicism.
headed up by the 12 apostles of Jesus, This begins a time of enormous political
who began converting Jews to and military power controlled by
Christianity along regions of the Catholic popes, beginning of the
Mediterranean and Mideast Catholic Church as we know today,
60 CE- Apostle Paul returned to Rome
632 CE- The rise of Islam and their
after suffering persecution for trying to
conquests around Europe led to
convert Jews to Christianity. He worked
persecution of Christians, marking the
together with Peter at Rome. Rome’s
beginning of the longlasting conflict
reputation as the center of Christian
between Islam and Christianity
Church began during this time but
practices were hidden because of
opposition.
 1960 CE- The Second Vatican Council in a

ROMAN
series of meetings reaffirmed church
policy and initiated several measures
aimed at modernizing the Catholic

CATHOLIC Church.

Leaders
CHURCH Deacons- can practice in many similar
ways to priests. They can baptize, witness
marriages, and perform funerals.
1054 CE- The great East-West schism
marks the formal separation of the
Priests- After graduating from being a
Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox
Deacon, individuals become priests. To
branches of the Catholic Church.
become a priest, one must undertake
the Rite of Ordination.
1250 CE- The Inquisition begins, an
attempt to suppress religious heretics
After graduating from being a Deacon,
and convert non-Christians. Various
individuals become priests. To become a
forms of the forceful inquisition
priest, one must undertake the Rite of
eventually targeted Jewish and Muslim
Ordination.
peoples for conversion as well as
expelling heretics within the Catholic
2 Types of Priests: Diocesan priests lead
Church.
individual parishes. They serve the
people within their own parish and are
1517 CE- Martin Luther publishes the 95
not required to take the same vowels as
Theses, formalizing arguments against
religious priests. Religious priests, vow
Roman Catholic Church doctrines and
themselves to a religious order, such as
practices, and effectively marking the
the Jesuits. They wear particular religious
beginning of the Protestant separation
garb and take additional vows of poverty
from the Catholic Church.
and obedience.
1534 CE- King Henry VIII of England
Bishops- Bishops are the third, and
declares himself to be supreme head of
fullest level of the Sacrament of Holy
the Church of England, severing the
Orders. They are ministers who hold the
Anglican Church from the Roman
full sacrament of holy orders.
Catholic Church.

Archibishops- Archbishops are

1545-1563 CE- The Catholic Counter-
particularly important bishops. They
Reformation begins, a period of
oversee large areas of churches called
resurgence in Catholic influence in
archdioceses.
response to the Protestant Reformation.

Cardinals- They are the leading bishops

1870 CE- The First Vatican Council
and members of the College of Cardinals.
declares the policy of Papal infallibility,
Most have additional duties including
which holds that the Pope's decisions are
missions within the Roman Curia, the
beyond reproach—essentially considered
governmental body of the Holy See. Their
the word of God.
biggest duty is participating in the Papal
Conclave, that is, voting for the new
Pope.
 salvation- The Church teaches that

ROMAN salvation to eternal life is God's will for all

people, and that God grants it to sinners

CATHOLIC
as a free gift, a grace, through the
sacrifice of Christ.

CHURCH Catholic life- Catholics are obliged to

endeavour to be true disciples of Jesus.
They seek forgiveness of their sins and
Pope- The highest honor a member of follow the example and teaching of
the clergy can receive is to be elected as Jesus. Their teachings stress forgiveness,
the leader of the Catholic Church. The doing good for others, especially those
Pope rules the Catholic Church in a very most in need, and the sanctity of life.
similar way to a king would a country,
and he is the head of state for the
Vatican City. 7 Sacrements
Baptism -Baptism is the first sacrament that a
Doctrines person receives in the Roman Catholic Church.
The Crucifix, bearing the image of Jesus
suffering on a cross, often serves as a Eucharistic prayer -The Eucharistic Prayer is the
heart of the Liturgy of the Eucharist.
symbol of the Catholic Church, in
contrast with some other Christian
Confirmation - Completes Baptism, by which in
communions, which use only a cross. the laying on of hands and the anointing with
Chrism Oil, which first happened at Baptism, we
Scripture & Tradition- The principal are confirmed with the fullness of the Holy Spirit.
sources for the teachings of the Catholic
Church are the Bible and Sacred Reconciliation - Reconciliation (also known as
Tradition. Confession or Penance) is a sacrament instituted
by Jesus Christ in His love and mercy to offer
sinners forgiveness for offenses committed
Nature of God- Catholicism is
against God.
monotheistic: it acknowledges that God
is one, eternal, omnipotent, omniscient, The Anointing of the Sick - The Sacrament of
omnibenevolent, and omnipresent. It is Anointing of the Sick, often referred to as
also Trinitarian: it believes that, while God Extreme Unction or Last Rites, is a ritual of
is one in nature, essence, and being, this healing appropriate not only for those in
one God exists in three divine persons, immediate danger of death but also for those
each identical with the one essence. suffering from physical, mental, or spiritual
sickness.
Original sin- The sin of Adam and Eve
Marriage- The marriage covenant is a
broke the union between humanity and
relationship between husband and wife, a
God, leaving us in a state of Original Sin, permanent union of persons, capable of
separating us from the original intimacy knowing and loving each other and God.
with God which carried into death
through the idea of immortality. The Sacrament of Holy Orders - The Sacrament
of Holy Orders is the sacrament through which
The Church- It is "the body of Christ, " the mission entrusted by Christ to his apostles,
and Catholics teach that it is one united continues to be exercised in the Church until the
end of time.
body of believers both in heaven and on
earth.
IGLESIA NI Eraño de GuzmanManalo
Eraño de Guzman Manalo, [January 2,

CRISTO
1925 – August 31, 2009], also known as Ka
Erdy, was the second Executive Minister
of the Iglesia ni Cristo (INC), serving from
April 19, 1963, until August 31, 2009. He
The Iglesia ni Cristo (Church of Christ) is a took over the administration of the
Christian religion whose primary purpose church after the death of his father, Felix
is to worship the Almighty God based on Y. Manalo, in 1963. He was instrumental in
His teachings as taught by the Lord the propagation and expansion of the
Jesus Christ and as recorded in the Bible. church internationally.
The Church of Christ is a church for every
one who will heed the call of God and Eraño de GuzmanManalo
embrace its faith — regardless of his or
Eduardo Villanueva Manalo, born
her nationality, cultural background,
October 31, 1955, in Quezon City,
social standing, economic status, and
Philippines) also known as Ka Erdy is
educational attainment.
the current Executive Minister of the
Iglesia ni Cristo (INC). He is the third
How was their church founded? generation of the Manalo family to
During the American colonial rule in the lead the church following his father,
Philippines, many alternate Catholic the late Eraño G. Manalo, and his
doctrines were established. In 1913, Felix grandfather, Felix Y. Manalo.
Manalo founded one such independent
Christian church called Iglesia ni Cristo. It
was registered under the U.S.
Church of Christ beliefs
Bible- The Iglesia ni Cristo believes that the
administration of the Philippine
Bible is the only book inspired by God, thus
government on July 27, 1914. The
it is the sole basis of all their beliefs and
members of the congregation upheld practices.
Felix as the last messenger of God.
God the Father,Jesus Christ and the Holy
FelixManalo Ysagun Spirit- The Iglesia ni Cristo believes that
Felix Manalo Ysagun (born Félix Ysagun y God the Father is the creator deity and the
Manalo; May 10, 1886 – April 12, 1963), also only true God. INC rejects the traditional
known as Ka Felix, was the founder and Christian belief in the Trinity as heresy,
the first Executive Minister of Iglesia ni adopting a version of unitarianism. They
Cristo. Followers see Manalo as a prophet believe that this position is attested by
Jesus Christ and the Apostles.
and the last messenger of God. He is the
father of Eraño G. Manalo, who
One true Church- The Iglesia ni Cristo
succeeded him as Executive Minister of
believes that it is the one true church
the INC, and the grandfather of Eduardo
founded by Jesus Christ and was restored
V. Manalo, the current Executive Minister by Felix Manalo in the last days. They
of Iglesia ni Cristo. believe that the first century church
apostasized in that century, or in the 4th
century due to false teachings. INC says
that this apostate church is the Catholic
Church. Meanwhile, its reestablishment is
seen as the signal for the end of days.
 Implementation- The first hymnbook,

IGLESIA NI termed Ang Himnario ng Iglesia ni Cristo,

which consists of over 300 songs, was

CRISTO
published in 1937. Children ' s worship
services (Tagalog: Pagsamba ng
Kabataan, or PNK) are held every
weekend. They use similar lessons as the
Baptism- The church believes that standard worship services taught using
baptism is done by immersion baptism the Socratic method (question and
or Believer ' s baptism by adults in water, answer). The church teaches that willfully
and that it is necessary that people be forsaking the worship service is a
baptised in the Iglesia ni Cristo to grievous sin, thus members are expected
become disciples of Jesus Christ. to attend the congregational worship
services twice a week without fail.
Expulsion- Members who are not living in
accordance with the doctrines taught in the Edification- Administering a global
INC are admonished. Those who continue in Church-with its wide-ranging concerns
violation of INC doctrines after being such as propagation of the faith,
admonished are expelled from the INC, thus edification of its members, selection and
losing salvation. training of Church officers, construction
of worship buildings and Church offices,
ESCHATOLOGY AND RESURRECTION- among many others--is a great challenge
The Iglesia Ni Cristo believes that the and an enormous task; it is no ordinary
dead will be resurrected. Christ would undertaking.
not have been resurrected if there were
no resurrection of the dead (1 Cor. 15:12-13) Christian Family Organizations- The
There are two kinds of resurrection: CFOs aim to strengthen the brotherhood
those who have done good will rise and within the Church and make every
live, and those who have done evil will Iglesia Ni Cristo household worthy of
rise and be condemned (John 5:28-29, salvation by promoting among its
Rev. 20:14) members a vibrant spiritual life. Through
various worthwhile activities, the CFOs
help instill Christian values to strengthen
Practices family relations toward a peaceful,
Worship and Prayer secure, and happy life together.
Evangelism
Outreach Buklod ("bond"), the organization for
married members envisions a strong
Church Activities husband-and-wife relationship leading to
a family that is steadfast in faith and
Worship and Prayer - The ministers of active in serving God. For this, it conducts
every congregation in a given worship activities for the strengthening of the
service use the same sermon outline bond of the husband and wife. It also
prepared by the executive minister. assists them to learn and engage in
Deacons and Deaconesses guide noble and gainful livelihoods and
worshipers to their seats and collect encourages them to help in Church
voluntary offerings. The singing of hymns activities.
is led by the locale ' s choir.
 How was the church founded?
IGLESIA NI The Pentecostal Missionary Church of
Christ (4th Watch) was founded in 1971

CRISTO
by Arsenio T. Ferriol along with his two
brothers, Arturo Ferriol and Domingo
Ferriol who co-founded it. The church
had separated from a certain Christian
KADIWA or Kabataang may Diwang denomination where Arsenio became a
Wagas- (Youth with Noble Intent), the bible student and former member
organization for single members 18 years during his younger years to become a
old and above, aims to prepare them for trained pastor before leaving and later
a bright future as well as for a married life forming the People ' s Missionary Church,
under God' s blessing. It encourages a small community church in Marikina
them to participate in the multifarious City prior to its registration.
activities of the Church, especially in
disseminating and edifying the faith. The church was officially registered as
the "Pentecostal Missionary Church of
Binhi- (seedling), the organization for Christ (4th Watch)" to the Philippine
baptized members 12 to 17 years old, Government on August 27, 1973.
instills in the youth the importance of
knowledge and education while guiding Who are the leaders?
them in right living and proper conduct.
Jesus Christ - Jesus Christ is the
fundamental figure of the Church,
Pagsamba ng Kabataan (PNK) or
Children ' s Worship Service (CWS) caters
Apostle - According to the scripture, the
to the members ' children, 4 to 11 years
Apostle is given by God to carry out his
old.
message, especially now in the modern
time. PMCC believes in the leadership of

PMCC 4TH the Goodman of the House, Apostle

Arsenio Tan Ferriol

WATCH Bishops - A bishop is a highranking

member of the clergy in the church.
Bishops are commonly a category of
leadership ranking above pastors, in
charge of looking over the
administrative group of local
churches.

Presbyters - An elder of the church

whose duty to maintain order,
exercise discipline, and superintend
the affairs of the local church.

Local Pastors - A pastor is the leader

of a Christian congregation who also
gives teachings, advice, and counsel
to people from the community or
local congregation.
PMCC 4TH Activities
WATCH
Sunday school- every sunday 8 to 9am
Divine worship- 9 to 11am
Bible study- every tuesday 7 to 8:30pm
Devotion- everyday 4:30-6am
doctrines Prayer meeting- every thursday 7-8:30
We believe in one God, The Father, from
pm
whom all things came and for whom we
live, in one Lord Jesus Christ through
Welcoming the year 2023 with one of the
whom all things came and through
most awaited church gatherings of the
whom we live and in the Holy Spirit, the
PMCC (4th Watch) most especially in its
Spirit of truth who guides, teaches and
50th year. International Missionary Day:
reminds believers into all truth.
Commencement of the 50th Golden Year
Celebration of the ministry of the whole
We believe that the true church of Christ
Church through the leadership of the
was founded on the day of the Pentecost
Goodman of the House, Apostle Arsenio
and there is the continuing operation of
T. Ferriol
the complete gifts of the Holy Spirit in
the church today, including the office of
Apostleship and other gifts of the Spirit PROTESTANT
as mentioned in the Scriptures for the
perfection of the saints. CHURCH
Protestantism is one of the major
We believe that the true church of Christ divisions of the Christian faith.
was founded with an evangelistic Traditionally, Protestantism includes all
purpose that is to make disciples of all churches outside of the Roman Catholic
nations by preaching the Gospel of and Orthodox Church traditions.
salvation, baptizing them, by immersion, Protestant churches affirm the principles
in the name of the Father, the Son and of the Protestant Reformation set into
the Holy Spirit and by teaching those motion by Martin Luther’s 95 Theses in
who are saved everything Jesus Christ 1517. Protestants were first called by that
Commanded. name because they “protested” against
the papacy and Roman rule within the
salvation is attained by grace – not of Church.
works by any man or religion.
2nd largest major group of Christians
We believe in the Bible as the inspired based on followers
God’s words and are therefore inerrant
and infallible. The protestant revolution
The Protestant Revolution of the 16th
We believe in the imminence of Christ' s century shook the very foundation of
return in our time – the 4th watch. We do Europe's cultural identity, the revolution
not believe in the practice of predicting was a reformation against the Christian
the exact hour, day, month and year of Church as it existed.
His return. Those true believers who are
waiting for this blessed hope must live
their lives on earth in holiness and service
unto God.
PROTESTANT John Calvin- He was the leading
French reformer and the most

CHURCH important figure in the second

generation of protestant
reformation. The Calvinist form of
Christianity through the centuries Protestantism is widely thought to
have had a major impact on the
Christianity which began as a small
formation of the modern world.
religion by the 1st Century had grown
significantly by the 13th Century, that it
Philip Melanchthon- Philip
could even rival the power of the state
Melanchthon was Martin Luther's
government.
colleague and fellow Reformer.His
accomplishments are numerous, but
Martin Luther's idelas perhaps his most theologically
Lu th e r' s s t at e m e n t s c h al l e n ge d th e C substantial achievement was the
ath o l i c C h u rc h ' s ro l e a s i n t e rm e d i a ry writing of the first Protestant systematic
b e twe e n p e o p l e a n d Go d . H e a rgu e d a theology, the Loci Communes.
ga i n s t th e p ra ct i c e o f b uyi n g o r e a rn i n
g fo rgive n e s s , b e l i evi n g i n s t e a d th at s
alvat i o n i s a gi ft Go d give s t o th o s e wh o h
ave fa i th . Major doctrines
Sola Scriptura- “The Bible alone. ”
The protestant reformation Scripture alone speaks
The protestant reformation began in authoritatively, and it speaks to all
Wittenberg, Germany believers, independently of church
leaders and councils, human

Splitting of Christianity interpreters,

spokesmen for God.
and so-called

Luther believed that the church needed

to revise its doctrine by returning to the Sola Gratia- “Grace alone. ” It is only
Bible’s teaching and saying that salvation by the unmerited favor of God that
could be granted by Faith in Christ alone. Christ went to the cross and paid the
Because of his actions, Luther was price for man’s salvation. Man is by
Excommunicated by the church. nature depraved—he has no virtue

Leaders of Protestant Church that commends him to God.

Therefore God’s grace to him is truly
Martin Luther- He was often called the
undeserved and amazing, and God’s
father of Protestantism, fundamentally
grace alone has the power to draw
changing the Christian world through his
people to himself.
force of will and new ideas. He tried
passionately to reform the Catholic
Sola Fide- “Faith alone. ” Only total
Church. His desire was to return
righteousness is acceptable to God,
Christianity to its roots, putting more
and that is found in Christ, not us.
focus on the reading of scripture and less
Man can only accept Christ’s work
focus on Catholic dominance. His
by placing his trust in him. Man is
personal theology inclined him to write
justified by faith alone in the finished
works including The Sermon on Good
work of Christ, not by any works of
Works and the 95 Theses.
his own.
PROTESTANT Evangelism- he spreading of the Christian gospel
by public preaching or personal witness.

CHURCH
Sola Christus- “Christ alone. ” Salvation is
accomplished by Christ alone, and
mediated by Christ alone—not by angels,
saints, relics, sacraments, priests,
teachers, churches, or anyone or
anything else. Christ alone was the
perfect Savior, and he alone is the perfect
prophet, priest and king.

Soli Deo Gloria- “To God alone be glory. ”

God should be thanked, praised and
given full credit for his sovereign grace
and spiritual and physical provision.
Theology should be Godcentered, not
man-centered. God should be put in his
place and humans in theirs. Our efforts
should not elevate and celebrate men
but God. We should bring him glory in
our work, in our homes and at play. He,
not we, should be the center of all things.

Other doctrines
God and the Holy Trinity- Protestant
traditions are monotheistic, believing in the
existence of one and only one God. Generally,
God is understood as infinitely powerful,
infinitely knowledgeable and constantly
present. Most Protestants accept the doctrine
of the Holy Trinity. This doctrine states that
God is triune; one God manifest in three
forms. The Holy Trinity consists of God the
Father, God the Son (Jesus Christ) and God
the Holy Spirit (the presence of God). These
are three manifestations of God, not three
distinct gods.

Universal Priesthood- Most Protestant traditions

uphold the principle of the universal priesthood
of all believers. The salvation of an individual is
believed to be reached by faith alone and not
through personal actions. Therefore, human
intermediaries (such as priests) are not
considered necessary. Most Protestants believe
that each person has a direct relationship with
God.
BAPTIST
John Smyth led the first congregation; Thomas Helwys
traveled back to England he founded the first Baptist
church there in 1612. The first Baptist church in North

CHURCH America was established by Roger Williams in what

today is Providence, Rhode Island; soon thereafter, John
Clarke founded a Baptist church in Newport, R.I.
history beliefs
-The first Baptist churches were formed by Jesus is Lord- Baptists believe that Jesus Christ,
English-speakers in Holland (1609-1612). They being eternally God, only begotten Son and the
believed, as did Martin Luther, that believers visible expression of the invisible God, effectively
were capable of reading and interpreting the procured salvation for all creation through his death,
Bible on their own. burial, and resurrection. He is the one assigned by
God the Father to rule with authority over all of
creation.
The Baptists separated from the Church of
England because they believed church The Word of God is the Authoritative Rule of Faith
membership should be voluntary and that and Practice- Baptists believe that God
only believers should be baptized. They communicates his will through the inspired Word of
rejected the parish structure of the Church of God. For Baptists, the Bible is the final authority in
matters of faith and practice. It is to be interpreted
England where people were "born " into the
responsibly under the guidance of God’s Holy Spirit
church and baptized as infants. within the community of faith.

The Baptist church was founded in the 17th The Priesthood of All Believers- The Bible affirms the
Century, and there were two distinct groups value of each person as having been created in the
image of God and also declares each person morally
that came about simultaneously in England:
responsible for his/her own nature and behavior.
The General Baptists and the Particular Baptists believe that inherent in the worth of each
Baptists. Both groups practiced believer’s person is also the right and competency of each
baptism by immersion, had a congregational individual personally to deal directly with God
form of church government, and came out of through Jesus Christ
the English Separatist Movement (which
Freedom and Equality- Each one is free to be in a
consisted of churches seeking to separate
relationship with God and to express a faith that is
from the Church of England). not coerced. Faith cannot be predetermined by
someone else but is the right and responsibility of
General baptist each individual as they seek a relationship with God
based on their own personal commitments.
are B a p t i s t s w h o hold t h e g e n e r a l o r
un l i m i t e d a t o n e m e n t v i e w , t h e b e l i e f t Mission and Evangelism- Baptists continue to be
h a t J e s u s C h r i s t d i e d fo r t h e e n t i r e w o very active in mission efforts, both in local and global
r l d a n d n o t j u s t fo r t h e c h o s e n e l e c t . contexts. We recognize that the mission is not just
evangelism, but also includes promoting justice,

Particular baptist social welfare, healing, education, and peace in the

world. It is a holistic approach that expresses care for
TheParticular Baptists adhered to t h e both the needs of the human soul and the social
d o c t r i n e o f a p a r t i c u l a r a t o n e m e n t— t needs that affect all of life
h a t C h r i s t d i e d o n l y fo r a n e l e c t— a n d
w e r e s t r o n g l y C a l v i n i s t ( fo l l o w i n g t h e Re Activities
fo r m a t i o n t e a c h i n g s o f J o h n C a l v i n ) i n The GBC Youth Ministry is all about providing youth
orientation;theGeneralBaptists held to from Grade 7 - 12 with a safe place to journey through
the doctrine of a general life and discover the love of God.
FRIDAY NIGHT HANGOUTS Come hang out at the
church on Friday evenings from 7:00pm - 9:00pm!
During our Friday nights, we combine a mix of games,
relevant large group teaching and caring small groups.
Our hope is that the youth will encounter authentic
community and build lasting relationships.