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9th Seed Multiplication

The document discusses seed multiplication, which is the process of increasing seed quantities through successive generations. It defines seed and explains that seed multiplication is crucial for commercial agricultural production. The key stages of seed multiplication are breeder seed, foundation seed, registered seed, and certified seed, each with increasing quantities and decreasing genetic purity.

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Francisco Bernales
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120 views13 pages

9th Seed Multiplication

The document discusses seed multiplication, which is the process of increasing seed quantities through successive generations. It defines seed and explains that seed multiplication is crucial for commercial agricultural production. The key stages of seed multiplication are breeder seed, foundation seed, registered seed, and certified seed, each with increasing quantities and decreasing genetic purity.

Uploaded by

Francisco Bernales
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SEED MULTIPLICATION

DEFINITION OF SEED

Seed is a basic agricultural input


and it is an embryo-embedded in
the food storage tissue.

A seed is also defined as a matured


ovule which consists of an
embryonic plant with storage of
food and surrounded by a
protective seed coat.
Every farmer should
be able to access
healthy seeds which
are genetically pure
with high seed vigor
and good germination
percentage.

 Timely availability of good quality seeds at reasonable price


ensures good yield and profit to the farmers.
 The seeds plays a vital role In agriculture and acts as a carrier of
the genetic potential of varieties.
SEED MULTIPLICATION
Multiplication and distribution of high-quality seeds of improved
varieties is a crucial step in the agricultural production of any
country.

Seed is the cheapest and basic input for


sustained agricultural production at the
time of release of a variety, small quantity
of seed normally known as nucleus seed is
available with the plant breeder.
Commercial quantity of seed is produced
after a series of multiplication steps.
MULTIPLICATION FACTOR
• The multiplication attained in each generation of growing a crop is what is
referred to as the multiplication factor ( the quantity of seed produced in one
planting season). The multiplication factor helps to determine the number of
generations the seeds would be multiplied without deterioration in their genetic
purity.
Determination of multiplication factor
weight of seed harvested
MF = -------------------------------------
weight of seed sown
• Weight of seed harvested refers to cleaned and processed seed because seeds are
lost during processing
• Sown seeds are calculated from actual seeds that are germinated because not all
seeds germinate on the field.
• In practice multiplication rate varies from crop seed to crop seed. For
example, groundnut has a very low multiplication rate, and pigeonpea
and cowpea have 10 – 20 multiplication factors. Common cereals like
barley, wheat, and rice have 20 – 40 MF, maize has 200 while small
vegetable seeds tomatoes, amaranthus, etc have 1000 – 2000 MF.

There is a general correlation between seed size to multiplication


correlated.
• Multiplication rate is low in big-seeded crop
• Small seeded crops have high multiplication
• It has to be borne in mind that the agronomic practice applied to crop
multiplication spacing may affect the multiplication rate of such a crop.
IMPORTANCE OF SEEDS
Without seed plants, life as we know it would not be possible.
Plants play a key role in the maintenance of terrestrial
ecosystems through the stabilization of soils, cycling of carbon
and climate moderation. Large tropical forests release oxygen
and act as carbon dioxide sinks. Seed plants provide shelter to
many life forms, as well as food for herbivores, thereby
indirectly feeding carnivores. Plants secondary metabolites are
used for medicinal purposes and industrial production.
STAGES OF SEED MULTIPLICATION
 The benefits of an improved variety are not released unless
enough true seed has been produced for its commercial
spread. The initial amount of pure seed which is limited in
quantity is multiplied under the following stages:
 BREEDER SEED

 FOUNDATION SEED

 REGISTERED SEED

 CERTIFIED SEED
BREEDERS SEED

• Breeder seed is the seed or the


vegetative propagating materials
produced by the breeder who
developed the particular variety.
• Breeder seed is genetically pure.
• In the case of self-pollinated
species, a mass section is
regularly practiced to maintain
the genetic purity of the variety.
FOUNDATION SEED
• Foundation seed is obtained from the breeders
seed by direct increase.
• Foundation seed is genetically pure and is the
source of registered and/or certified seed.
• Production of foundation seed is the
responsibility of SCPPC (seed certification and
plant protection centre, gannoruwa,
Peradeniya)
• Foundation seed is produced on government
farms, at research stations or by competent seed
growers under strict supervision of experts.
REGISTERED SEED
• Registered seed is produced from
foundation seed or from registered
seed.
• Genetically pure and used to produce
certified seed or registered seed.
• It is usually produced by progressive
farmers according to technical advice
supervision provided by SCPPC.
CERTIFIED SEED
• Certified seed is produced from
foundation, registered or certify seed.
• This is so known because it is certified by
the SCPPC as suitable seed for raising a
good crop.
• The certified seed is annually produced by
progressive farmers according to standard
seed production practices.
• To be certified the seed must meet the
prescribed requirements regarding purity
and quality.
PREPARED BY:

RICA A. RELOSA
JANRY DE GUZMAN

THANK YOU !

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