ART OF EMERGING

EUROPE
EARLY GREEK
PERIOD
 CHARACTERISTICS
• Often represented the mythological
gods.
• Sought to capture the perfect physical
form of their objects in artwork.
• Art – expression of perfection and the
classical ideals.
• Exploring the aesthetics and
philosophical ideals.
 3 PERIODS IN ANCIENT
GREECE
1. Archaic or Daedalic Period
2. Classical or Hellenic Period
3. Hellenistic Period
 ARCHAIC PERIOD
• forms follow Geometric standards,
although the angular elements are
more rounded, the sizes are closer
to reality.
• placed importance on human
figures showing the influence of
Egyptian sculpture in its frontality
and rigidity.
ARCHAIC PERIOD (c.650-480 BCE)

Pottery Kouros and Kore

Temple of Hephaistos Venus and Cupid
 CLASSICAL AGE
 Golden Age or Age of Pericles.
 The peak of cultural achievements
 Many statues depicted young victors.
of Greek Games.
 The human body was the emphasis of
art.
 Rebuilding of temples and focusing on
creative artworks.
 CLASSICAL PERIOD

Classical Greek Classical Greek Painting

Pottery (Fresco)
Erechtheum Parthenon Temple
Discobolus (Discuss Lance-bearer by
thrower) by Myron Polycleitos
 HELLENISTIC
 The ideals of classicism went into
eclipse, and gave rise to a new set
of aesthetic ideals.
 Emotion replaced classical
restraint and serenity.
 Art became imbued with
dynamism and movement.
 HELLENISTIC PERIOD (c.323-27 BCE)

Great Theatre of Ephesus Theatre of Dionysus

Zeuxis Painting Parrhasius Painting
Laocoon and his sons Dying Gaul
 Greek Architecture
• Marble and stones were the pre-
dominant building materials.
• Post and lintel system of architecture.
• Development of three styles or orders of
columns:
DORIC
THREE
ORDERS IONIC
CORINTHIAN
 Three orders
Doric Ionic Corinthian

• With a plain • Taller and slender • The most beautiful

abacus capital than the Doric • Tallest and most
• Shortest, order slender order
most massive • Has either a pair • Has a capital
and has no of spirals or featuring acanthus
base volutes capital leaves, and has a
and a base base
 EARLY

ROMAN PERIOD
 Early Roman Period
The Romans admired the older Greek
civilization and propagated it
throughout the empire.
Fusion of Greek and Roman cultures
that can be seen in most Roman
artworks.
Roman sculptors adapted Greek forms
and techniques.
Characteristics of Early Roman Art
 Practical and utilitarian.
 Interest in public works and
engineering.
 Emphasis on grand monuments and
architectural infrastructures.
 Technical advancement.
 Colossal to show power.
 Milestones
in the
Early Roman
Art
 Roman Architecture
• Used concrete in constructing buildings.
• Preferred vaulting system of
Architecture (Rounded Arch, Vault, and
Dome).
TUSCAN
TWO
ORDERS COMPOSITE
 Two Roman orders
Tuscan Composite

• very plain design, with a • mixed order,

plain shaft, and a simple combining the
capital, base, and frieze volutes of the Ionic
• simplified adaptation of with the leaves of
the Doric order the Corinthian order
 Types of Roman Art
Architecture

Colosseum Pantheon
Baths of Diocletian Arch of Titus
Circus Maximus
Sculpture

Bust Portrait Statue Portrait

Historical Reliefs
(A sculpture attached to a solid base.)

Stone Sculpture
Painting

Landscape Painting Triumphal Painting

MEDIEVAL PERIOD
Characteristics of Medieval Art
 Art was created for the church to
glorify God more than appeal to
aesthetic sensibilities.
 Fully clothed, draped in deeply
carved, stiff looking clothes.
 Faces are solemn with little
motion.
 4 ARTISTIC STYLES:
1. Early Christian Art
2. Byzantine Art
3. Romanesque Art
4. Gothic Art
 Milestones
in
Medieval Art
Early Christian Painting

Catacomb Painting
Early Christian Sculpture

Marble Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus

 Early Christian Architecture
Architectural Structure : Church, Basilica & Dome
1. Christian Basilica – rectangular building, the
altar at one end & straight line as a path.

Old St. Peter’s Basilica

2. Martyrium – circular building interpreted as
center.

Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem

 Byzantine Painting

Byzantine frescoes in Asinou Mother of Perpetual

Church, Nikitari, Cyprus. Help
 Byzantine Sculpture
• focused more on churches and biblical
figures.
 Byzantine Architecture

St. Basil Cathedral - Hagia Sophia –

Moscow Constantinopole, Turkey
 Romanesque Painting
Tapestry
• Is a form of textile art usually hung for decorations
• Traditionally woven on a vertical loom with rich
colored designs or scenes .
Illuminated Manuscripts
 Romanesque Sculpture

Portico da Gloria, Romanesque sculpture

Santiago Cathedral at Vezelay.
Romanesque Architecture

Monastery of Cluny Abbey

 Gothic Painting

Maestà del Duomo di Siena

(Tempera and Gold on Wood)
 Gothic Sculpture

The Western (Royal)

Portal at Chartres Gothic sculpture, late 15th
Cathedral (ca. 1145) century, Amiens Cathedral.
 Gothic Architecture
• Architectural Structure: Cathedrals
• The features of Gothic style are : Pointed, Arch,
long and narrow windows and rose window

St. Elizabeth Cathedral

 Stained Glass
• Small pieces of glass arranged to form patterns
or pictures which are held together by strips of
lead and supported by a rigid frame.
RENAISSANCE
 Renaissance
• A series of literary and cultural
movements that began in Italy and
expanded to other parts of Europe.
• Means rebirth or revival.
• More visually accurate and secular.
• Human emotions were depicted
liberally.
• Revival of classical learnings.
 EARLY
RENAISSANCE

HIGH
RENAISSANCE
RENAISSANCE

LATE
RENAISSANCE
 Early
Renaissance
Arts
 Giotto Di Bondone

Madonna Enthroned Flight into Egypt

 Masaccio

The Holy Trinity The Expulsion

 Donatello Di Nicolo Bardi

Magdalene Penitent Young David

 Filippo Brunelleschi

Dome of Florence
Cathedral Pazzi chapel
 High
Renaissance
Arts
 Leonardo di Vinci

Mona Lisa The Last Supper

 Michaelangelo

Ceiling of Sistine Chapel The Creation of Adam

 Raphael

School of Athens Three Graces

 Michaelangelo

Pieta David
 Late
Renaissance
Arts
 Titian

Sacred and Profane love Rape of Europa

 El Greco

The Assumption
The Resurrection of the Virgin
 Renaissance Architecture

Medici-Riccardi Palace -
Palazzo Rucellai - Florence Florence
Baroque Arts
 CHARACTERISTICS OF
BAROQUE ART
 Started round 1600 in Rome, Italy.
 Derived from the Portuguese word
“barocco” meaning “a pearl of
irregular shape”.
 Its qualities were mostly associated
with the grandeur, extravagance, and
sensuous richness.
 Extravagant settings and
ornamentation.
 Dramatic use of color.
 Dramatic contrasts
between light and dark,
light and shadow.
 Milestones
in
Baroque Art
 Baroque Painting

Conversion of St. Paul by The Crucifixion by

Caravaggio Peter Paul Rubens
 Baroque Sculpture

Ecstacy of St. Theresa Trevi Fountain

by Gian Lorenzo Bernini by Salvi and Bracci
 Baroque Architecture

St. Peter’s Basilica of Church of San Carlo Alle

Rome (New) Quatro Fontane
 Neo-classcism
• Started in 1760.
• Revival of styles and influences of
Greek and Roman into arts.
• Based on the imitation of surviving
classical models and types, especially
decorative arts.
• Characterized by order, symmetry,
and simplicity of style.
• Sculptures depicted perfect
human anatomy with a calm,
reflective look.
• Major artists in this period
were: Jacques – Louis David
and Jean – Auguste Ingres.
 Milestones
in
Neoclassical
Art
Oath of the Horatii by The Turkish Bath by
Jacues – Louis David Jean Auguste Ingres
 Perseus with the Head of
Medusa by Antonio Canova Hebe by Canova
Portico of La Medeleine by Alexander Vignon
 Romanticism
 Stressed the individual freedom of the artist
and his subjective reaction to the world
around him – nature, people and events.
 Interest in social issues, heroic elements
and patriotic and nationalistic movements.
 Emphasized emotion and feelings of men
which was a deviation from the humanist
principles of rationalism.
 Major artists were Eugene Delacroix and
Theodore Gericault.
 Milestones
in
Romantic Art
 Romanticism Painting

Liberty leading the people by Eugene Delacroix

The Raft of the Medusa by Theodore Gericault
 Romanticism Sculpture
• Depicted realistic figures with psychological
attitudes of the French revolution

Cavalier gaulois by
Antoine-Augustin Preault Hercules sitting on a bull
 Realism
 Attempts to portray the subject
as it is, idealistic concepts and
images were replaced by real
manifestations of society.
 Focuses on the accuracy of the
details that depicts and
somehow mirrors reality.
 Emphasis is placed in observable
traits that can concretize
through artworks.
 The artist’s main function is to
describe as accurately and
honestly as possible what is
observed through the senses.
 Gustave Courbet, Francois Millet
 The Stone Breaker The Angelus
by Gustave Courbet by Francois Millet