Assignment 4

Full Name: Shazib Khaliq

Student ID: 100865244
CRN: 70248

1 .) [linear fit]
bC

7I
Ya Density Ash (y) y^2

↳
x^2 xy
(x)
25-
1.25 1.93 1.5625 3.7249 2.4125

↓
&

20-
1.35 4.63 1.755625 21.4369 6.13475
E 15-
&

1.375 8.95 1.890625 80.1025 12.30625

10- 1.45 15.05 2.1025 226.5025 21.8225

1.55 23.31 2.4025 543.3561 36.1305

6.95 53.87 9.71375 875.1229 78.8065

i-
Total

le
e
⑥
i it is
6 95
Density (x) 5= 1 3
. = .

( j 53
87 10 772
555-E
.
= ,

6605
=
-
=9 .
- -
= =
0 05325
5
.

2
( 33 87
55xx 25
= - = 874 6568 .
-

E
.
=

294 72752
.

SEEfa-Gas
in
= 3 9272
5
.

Intercept a= J -

by - = 10 774 (73 .
-

. 75) (1 39) . =
-

91 74
,

predicting
The least-squaresliefor
: percent ash from dest one
 1. %
() Ax byx(A) = 73 75(0 1) = 7
= .
. . 375

:. If two coal
particles differed in density by 0 . 19/CM3,
their percent ash would differ by around 7 % (7 373 %) .

11 51 %
b) x = - 91 74 + 73 75 . .
= x = 91 74 + 73 75(1 40) . . . = .

: The percent ash for particles with density 1 .

40g/cm3
around
would be 12 % (11 51 %) .

91 74 + 73 75 (1 25) = 0 4475
e) x = - 91 74 + 73 75x
=
-

.
.
.
.
. .

x = 91 74 + 73 75x
-
. .
=
-

91 74 + 73 75 (1 325) = 5
.
. .
.
97875

x = -
91 74 + 73 75x
. .
=
-

91 74 + 73 75 (1 375) = 9
.
.
.
. 66625

x
=

-
91 74 + 73 75x
. .
=
-

91 74 + 73 75 (1 45) = 15 1975
.
.
. .

x
=

-
91 74 + 73 75x
. .
=
-

91 74 + 73 75 (1 55) = 22 5725
.
.
.
.

y 8 95 9 66625 = -0 71625
-

I
e= x
,
=
f) 1 4825
. .

y
-

1 93 0 4475 = .

e= y =
-

348759 = y 5 = 15
- .

15 1975 = -0 1475
.

1
-
05 -
.

y 3 97875
. .

=
4 63
.

e= y =
-

-
.
.

e = y x = 23 31 .
-
22 5725= 0
.
. 7375

·: The point that has the residual with the largest magnitude is (1 25, 1 93) . .

Say n(2xy) (2x)(2x)

9) E
-

S St +
[2 (Ex)7](2x' (EX)3] -
-

: The correlation
S(78 8065) (6 95) (53
.87) -

density
. .

between and =
Percent ase is 0 9913,
.
[5(971375) - (6 95)-] .
[5(875 1229) .
-

(53 87)]
.

Which suggests a
= 0 9913
Strong, positive
.

relationship
 1 b).

7723 + 29 66625
E (J 5) 10 772)+ 15 97875 10 10 772)2
10 4475
-
. -
.
. .

=
-

SSR =
- .
.

+ (15 1975 .
-
10 772) + (22 5725
.
.
-
10 . 772)2

SSR = 289 63
34875)+ 0 71625) 60 14753+ 10 73753
.

) (1 4 8255 + ( 1 -
, + .

E (J
- .
.

SSE = ze
= -
= .

SSE =
5 ,
0956

SST = 55 294 73
=
.

i) E
SSR
SST
= 28a = 0 .

98275
Cor . Coef: F= 0 9913 .
= =
0 9827
.

· SSR divided by SST is the coef Of determination (o)

which is a measure of the proportion offot . Var .
in
the dep .
Var .
explained by the regression model .

Then , corr Coef .

(V) is the strength and dir of a linear
rel .
between two variables .

Therefore, the relationship between the coef. of det .

(r)
and the cor .
Coef() is =
 0 10 2= 0 05
.
2 a) n = 400,
=
.

.
,

Ho VS Hi P >O
W
.
A

zl(z
=

Mw =

2 I CH
I
W= Tw =
1 3 -

Z=
0 10034-0
.

Mw = In
( ) 0 .
050189
W= In (0) On s z = 2 00
.

Mr = O

W= 8 10034. &w = 0, 050189

00) = 1 P(z 00)

=2
P(z(2
- .

= 1-0 . 1772
< 0 05 Reject Ho
= 0 .
0228 .

level to Conclude
: Suff ev 00 05 Sig .
.
.

thetrue Cor Coef is greater

population .
than 0
.

b) The result in part as was to determine the statistical significance

of the Observed correlation, not strength
.
Since we rejectedHo, it suggests that there is a statistically
Sig .
cour between eccentricity and smoothness but
, does not
necessarily imply correlation
a
strong .
3 .

COV((X) 15556
S6 .

V= =

(a) (Warry)S (14666 667) (0 23749)

.
.

r= 0 95149 .

>O and close to 1 strong pos Fol

:Since
.
.

Hoi0 VS
. Hai PEO

p -
Val = 8 . 0001 < 0 05 # Reject Ho
.

Suffer. & 0 05. Sig lev to conclude

.
.
there is
"a linear relationship

4 = B+ P x ,

Y =

0 .
06924 +0 00383C
.

Coeff of det (V) : 0 ,

9053

: around 90 % of Observed Var .

in the dep Variable,
.

Which is evap .
Coef, can be explained by the linear Fel .

between air Wel and evap Coeff The rest of the

.
.
10 % is
Unexplained Variation .
SAS CODE:

data AirVelocityVSEvapCoeff;
input AirVelocity EvaporationCoefficient;
cards;
20 0.18
60 0.37
100 0.35
140 0.78
180 0.56
220 0.75
260 1.18
300 1.36
340 1.17
380 1.65
run;
proc plot;
plot EvaporationCoefficient*AirVelocity;
run;
proc corr cov; var AirVelocity
EvaporationCoefficient;
run;
proc reg;
model EvaporationCoefficient=AirVelocity;
run;
 The SAS System 14:59 Wednesday, April 3,
2024 35

Plot of EvaporationCoefficient*AirVelocity. Legend: A = 1 obs, B = 2 obs, etc.

1.8 ˆ
‚
‚
‚
‚
A
1.6 ˆ
‚
‚
‚
‚
1.4 ˆ
‚ A
‚
‚
‚
1.2 ˆ A
‚ A
EvaporationCoefficient ‚
‚
‚
1.0 ˆ
‚
‚
‚
‚
0.8 ˆ A
‚ A
‚
‚
‚
0.6 ˆ
‚ A
‚
‚
‚
0.4 ˆ
‚ A A
‚
‚
‚
0.2 ˆ A
‚
‚
‚
‚
0.0 ˆ

Šƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒ
20 60 100 140 180 220 260 300 340
380
AirVelocity
 The SAS System 14:59 Wednesday, April 3,
2024 36

The CORR Procedure

2 Variables: AirVelocity EvaporationCoefficient

Covariance Matrix, DF = 9

Evaporation
AirVelocity Coefficient

AirVelocity 14666.66667 56.15556

EvaporationCoefficient 56.15556 0.23749

Simple Statistics

Variable N Mean Std Dev Sum Minimum

Maximum

AirVelocity 10 200.00000 121.10601 2000 20.00000

380.00000
EvaporationCoefficient 10 0.83500 0.48733 8.35000 0.18000
1.65000

Pearson Correlation Coefficients, N = 10

Prob > |r| under H0: Rho=0

Air Evaporation
Velocity Coefficient

AirVelocity 1.00000 0.95148

<.0001

EvaporationCoefficient 0.95148 1.00000

<.0001
 The SAS System 14:59 Wednesday, April 3,
2024 37

The REG Procedure

Model: MODEL1
Dependent Variable: EvaporationCoefficient

Number of Observations Read 10

Number of Observations Used 10

Analysis of Variance

Sum of Mean
Source DF Squares Square F Value Pr > F

Model 1 1.93507 1.93507 76.49 <.0001

Error 8 0.20238 0.02530
Corrected Total 9 2.13745

Root MSE 0.15905 R-Square 0.9053

Dependent Mean 0.83500 Adj R-Sq 0.8935
Coeff Var 19.04816

Parameter Estimates

Parameter Standard
Variable DF Estimate Error t Value Pr > |t|

Intercept 1 0.06924 0.10097 0.69 0.5123

AirVelocity 1 0.00383 0.00043778 8.75 <.0001
 4 a)
.

COV(E)
r=
(a) (Nar()

106 11III
= .

889( (667)

r= 0 8248 .

· sample Corr .
Coeff
is =0 8248,
.
meaning a strong positive rel .

b) Ho =0 vs
. Hai PO at 2= 0 05 .

(2) Cr (No 2) (0 8248)

t= 7 30
.

= = .

I-p I-(0
. 8248)
2

and de= 9, 2 262 =F

Reject Ho
0 02s
P(+ 17 30)
.

. I .

& O 05 sig level to conclude that there is a

: Suffer
.

Sig . Correl
Cr) (VAID 8 8248 (
1) y B + Pp
= =
Bi =
.

Var 38
889
,
-

Y =

39 052 + 0 764x
.
.
=0 .764

B+ (0 764)(32)
B J = 63 3 -
. .
= -

0 = 39 052
.