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Mixtures and Impurities

The document discusses mixtures and impurities, including how to calculate purity and the difference between pure and impure substances. It also discusses solutions, solubility, and chromatography. It provides information on endothermic and exothermic reactions and the reactivity of various metals with oxygen, water, and acids. It includes sample chemistry questions and answers.

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346 views4 pages

Mixtures and Impurities

The document discusses mixtures and impurities, including how to calculate purity and the difference between pure and impure substances. It also discusses solutions, solubility, and chromatography. It provides information on endothermic and exothermic reactions and the reactivity of various metals with oxygen, water, and acids. It includes sample chemistry questions and answers.

Uploaded by

zgvw7kgfy4
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Science Notes: Mixtures And Impurities

Substances can be made of elements, compounds and


mixtures.
→If a substance is made from one element or from just one type of
compound then it is considered as a pure substance
→If they contain more elements or compounds it is considered an
impurities

Pure substance:
-definite melting and boiling point
Impure substance:
-indefinite boiling and melting point usually ranged (ex. 80-90)

Calculate Purity:
% purity = mass of substance in the sample/mass of the
sample

Solution: The product of when the solid dissolves in a liquid


Solute: The solid which dissolves in the solute
Solvent: The liquid in which the solid dissolves in
Solubility= the ability of a substance to dissolve in a
particular solvent
Concentration, a term used to describe the amount of solid
particles that dissolved in a volume of solvent (sometimes it’s
colourless making it hard to tell it’s concentration)

Chromatography
A solvent may have 2 or more solutes dissolved in it. Using
chromatography we can check the number of solutes in a
solvent. The chromatography will separate it by solubility.
→You can use this chromatography on food, specifically “Column
chromatography” this is used to check whether they are about
to spoil or not before they are sold.
→Another type of chromatography is “Gas chromatography” this is
used for testing hair and blood samples found at crime scenes
→Chromatography can be used to develop vaccines and to check
medicines/drugs for impurities

Endothermic reaction (ex.burning)=in which energy is


transferred from the surroundings into the system in the form
of heat.
Exothermic reaction(ex.melting/sherbet)=in which energy is
transferred towards the surroundings escaping from the
system in the form of heat.
*Both of these reactions can be identified by the change of
temperature*

Reactivity Of Metals
Describe the reactivity of metals (limited to sodium, potassium, calcium,
magnesium, zinc, iron, copper, gold and silver) with oxygen, water and dilute
acids.
Metal Reaction with Reaction with Reaction with
Oxygen Water Acid
potassium Oxide forms Produces Violent
sodium very hydrogen with reaction
vigorously cold water
calcium Produces Rate of
magnesium hydrogen with reaction
steam decreases
zinc down the table
iron Oxide forms
slowly
copper Oxide forms No reaction No reaction
without with water or
burning steam
silver No reaction
gold
Substance that does not react with other substances are called
unreactive substances or inert

8Cm.04 Know that purity is a way to describe how much of a specific


chemical is in a mixture.
Ans: Purity is a way to tell the amount of impurities in a specific substance.
8Cp.02 Describe how paper chromatography can be used to separate and
identify substances in a sample.
Ans: Sometimes said substance is made from multiple substances and so
by using chromatography it can separate the solvents by solubility of said
solvent
8Cp.01 Understand that the concentration of a solution relates to how
many particles of the solute are present in a volume of the solvent.
Ans: If there is a large amount of solid particles (solute) which dissolved in
the solvent it would be said as “high concentration” If there is a small
amount of solid particles (solute) which dissolved in the solvent it would be
said as “low concentration” showing the relation between concentration and
solute’s amount.
8Cc.04 Know that reactions do not always lead to a single pure product
and that sometimes a reaction will produce an impure mixture of products.
Ans: For example metals may corrode with the air, (ex.sugar+water→sugar water
solution) which then becomes an impure substance.
8Cc.02 Know that some processes and reactions are endothermic or
exothermic, and this can be identified by
temperature change.
Ans: Some reactions release heat or gain heat. Identifying this can be by
measuring the temperature and if there is a change in temperature, then
there you have it
8Cc.03 Describe the reactivity of metals (limited to sodium, potassium,
calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron, copper, gold and silver) with oxygen, water
and dilute acids.
Ans: *see above*
9Cp.02 Describe how the density of a substance relates to its mass in a
defined volume.
Ans: To calculate the density of a substance you have to divide the mass
with the volume of said substance. And so that’s the relation between the
both of them.
9Cp.03 Calculate and compare densities of solids, liquids and gases.
Ans: As we have learned in grade 7 solids are more packed in terms of
particles and gas has the most space in between atoms And so from this
itself we can conclude solid is the densest of them all and gas the least of
them all.

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