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Department of Education
National Capital Region
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE
MARIKINA CITY

MATHEMATICS
Quarter 3 – Module 2
Topic: Patterns and Algebra

Writer: Immanuel Ian M. Reodique

Cover Illustrator: April Vanessa Baldovino

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you master Patterns and Algebra. The scope of this module is to formulate
the rules in finding the nth term using different strategies and to
differentiate expression from equation.
The module is divided into four lessons, namely:
Lesson 1. Formulating the rule in finding the nth term
Lesson 2. Differentiating expression from equation
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. formulate the rule in finding the nth term using different strategies.
2. differentiate expression from equation

What I Know
Directions: Read and understand the following questions carefully. Encircle
the letter of your choice.
1. It is a mathematical phrase that contains variables, numerical coefficients,
operation symbols, and constants.
A. algebraic equation C. pattern
B. algebraic expression D. sequence

2. It is a mathematical sentence that shows the equality of two expressions.

A. algebraic equation C. pattern
B. algebraic expression D. sequence

3. It is a list of numbers in which the terms follow a certain pattern or rule.

A. algebraic equation C. pattern
B. algebraic expression D. sequence

4. What is the next two terms in the sequence 6, 10, 14, 18, …?
A. 22, 26 B. 26, 22 C. 23, 27 D. 27, 23

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5. What is the next term in the sequence 5, 12, 19, 26, …?
A. 30 B. 31 C. 32 D. 33

6. It is a sequence that has a common difference between consecutive terms.

A. algebraic equation C. arithmetic sequence
B. algebraic expression D. geometric sequence

7. It is a sequence that has a constant ratio between consecutive terms.

A. algebraic equation C. arithmetic sequence
B. algebraic expression D. geometric sequence

8. Which of the following is the difference between an algebraic expression

and an algebraic equation?
A. operational signs C. variables
B. equal sign D. constant

9. Which of the following is an algebraic equation?

A. 5x2 + 3xy + 6 C. 5x2 + 6 = 4y2 + 9
B. 5x2 + 3xy D. 2x + 3

10. Which of the following is NOT an algebraic expression?

A. 3x2 + 3y C. 3x2 + 6 = 48
B. 4xy2 + 3x + 7 D. 2x + 5

Lesson 1: Formulating the rule in finding the nth term

What’s In

Have you ever noticed the moon in our night sky? The moon shows a
pattern monthly. It is an example of pattern in nature.
In algebra, there are two patterns namely, repeating pattern and growing
pattern. Repeating patterns are repetitive or cyclic as its name suggest.
Growing pattern is a pattern where something is added every time the
sequence repeats.

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Study the patterns below. Write R if the given illustrates a repeating pattern and
G if it represents a growing pattern.

What’s New

Have you noticed the numbers in front of the houses in your

neighborhood? If you will notice, house numbers on either side of the street
follows a certain pattern. One side could have 1, 3, 5, 7 . . . which are odd
numbers and on the other side it is 2, 4, 6, 8 . . . which are even numbers.
Delivery services tracks our house using these number patterns in our
addresses.

What is it
1 2 3 4

What do you observe on the figure? What do you think is the number of
unit squares in the 7th figure? To find the number of unit squares in the 7th
figure, we need to find a rule. When we see this sequence, we will see a pattern
that the number of unit squares is just the square of the nth figure.

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 We can observe that it has a pattern of:
n (term number) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Xn (number of squares) 1 4 9 16

12 = 1, 22 = 4, 33 = 9 and 42 = 16, … the rule for this sequence is Xn = n2

To find the number of unit squares in the 7th figure, we are going to
plug in 7 wherever n is.
X7 = 72 = 49
The number of unit squares in the 7th figure is 49.
A numerical sequence is a list of numbers in which the terms follow a pattern
or rule. Each number in a sequence is called a term and they’re separated by
a comma.
Knowing the pattern rule will help you extend the pattern.
For example, find the next two numbers in the sequence: 4,8,12,16 ___, ___.
First, figure out a pattern. Observe the numbers, are they ascending or
descending? If it is ascending, it involves addition or multiplication and if it is
descending, it involves subtraction or division. The pattern that we have is
ascending therefore we may use addition or multiplication.
Next step is we need to come up with possible rules. You need to think:
What could I do to 4 to get 8?

● We could multiply it by 2

● We could add 4.
Let’s try multiplying it by 2. 4 x 2 is 8. Then we check for the 2 nd and 3rd
term. 8 x 2 is 16. It didn’t work for the 2nd term.
Let’s try adding 4. 4 + 4 is 8. 8 + 4 is 12 and 12 + 4 is 16. The rule of adding
4 seems to work on the sequence. The rule for this is “add four to the previous
number to get the next one”.
Let’s extend the pattern by adding 4. 16 + 4 is 20, and 20 + 4 is 24. The
next 2 numbers are 20 and 24.

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 What if we are asked to find the 100th term for this sequence? Are you going
to add until you get the 100th term?
In this case, finding the difference will help us to form a rule.
X 1 2 3 4
Xn 4 8 12 16

Our common difference is 4, we could guess that “4n” is part of our rule.
n 1 2 3 4
Xn 4 8 12 16
4n 4(1) = 4 4(2) = 8 4(3) = 12 4(4) = 16
error 0 0 0 0

Since the error is 0 our rule is Xn = 4n.

Our 100th term will be: X100 = 4(100). The 100th term is 400.
Let’s try another one! Our sequence is 3, 8, 13, 18, … Let’s formulate a
rule for it.
n 1 2 3 4
Xn 3 8 13 18

We have a common difference of 5. We could assume that “5n” is part

of our rule.

n 1 2 3 4
Xn 3 8 13 18
5n 5(1) = 5 5(2) = 10 5(3) = 15 5(4) = 20

We could see that we have an error of 2 for each term. We are going to
subtract 2. Our new rule will be “5n – 2”
n 1 2 3 4
Xn 3 8 13 18

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 5n - 2 5(1) – 2 = 3 5(2) – 2 = 8 5(3) – 2 = 13 5(4) – 2 = 18
error 0 0 0 0

Sequences are being used to observe some events, like the passing of
some comets like Halley’s comet which passes Earth approximately every 76
years.
This is an example of an arithmetic sequence. Population growth also is
observed as a sequence. This is an example of geometric sequence. What is
the difference between these two?

An arithmetic sequence has A geometric sequence has a

a constant difference between constant ratio between
Defi
consecutive terms. consecutive terms
nitio
n The same number is added or Every term is multiplied or
subtracted to every term to get divided by the same number to
the next number. get the next number
2, 5, 8, 11, 14, … 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, …

5–2=3 2x2=4
Exa 8–5=3 4x2=8
mple 11 – 8 = 3 8 x 2 = 16

It has a common difference of It has a common ratio of 2.

3.
Xn = a1 + d(n-1) Xn = ar(n-1)

For wherein: wherein:

mula
a1 = 1st term a = 1st term
d = common difference r = common ratio
n = term number
Find X7 = 2 + 3(7-1) X7 = 2 x 2(7-1)
the X7 = 2 + 18 X7 = 2 x 2(6)
X7 = 20 X7 = 2 x 64
7th
X7 = 128
term

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Determine the pattern for each of the following sequences. Write the terms
asked for.
1. 3, 6, 9, 12 . . .

● Give the next two terms: ______________, ______________.

● Give an expression for the nth term: ______________.

● Give the 12th term: ______________.

2. 8, 15, 22, 29 . . .

● Give the next two terms: ______________, ______________.

● Give an expression for the nth term: ______________.

● Give the 10th term: ______________.

3. 1, 4, 9,16 . . .

● Give the next two terms: ______________, ______________.

● Give an expression for the nth term: ______________.

● Give the 9th term: ______________.

4. 2, 10, 18 . . .

● Give the next two terms: ______________, ______________.

● Give an expression for the nth term: ______________.

● Give the 12th term: ______________.

5. 29, 26, 23, 20 . . .

● Give the next two terms: ______________, ______________.

● Give an expression for the nth term: ______________.

● Give the 10th term: ______________.

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 Study the pattern above. Make a table of values to record the height and
the number of faces that can be painted for each tower. How many faces will
be painted for a tower that is 7 cubes high?

A barbecue store posts their price list in their stall. Use this price list to answer
the following questions.
Number of barbecue 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Cost (PhP) 13 26 39 52 65 78 91

1. How much does 10 barbecues cost? ______________.

2. How many barbecues can you get for Php 468? ______________.
3. How much do 30 barbecues cost? ______________.
4. How many barbecues can you get for Php 156? ______________.
5. What is the rule for the given pattern? ______________.

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 Lesson 2: Differentiating Expression from Equation

What’s In

8, 14, 20, 26, 32, …

Can you formulate a rule for this sequence? What is the rule for this
sequence? __________________.
What is it’s 7th term? __________________.
The “n” in the equation is a variable. It can represent any number. If you
are asked for the 7th term. You can replace it with 7. If you are asked for the
100th term. You can replace it with 100.

What’s New
What are variables? numerical coefficients? operation symbols? constants?
Variables is a letter that can represent any
number.
Constant is a value that remains unchanged.
Numerical coefficient is a number beside the
variable.
Terms are connected by operational symbols
used in the expression. It can be a constant, variable or a constant multiplied
by a variable.
In this example, there are three terms: 2x2, 3xy and 18.
In each of the following expressions, can you identify the terms, numerical
coefficients, variables and constants.
Expression Term/s Numerical Variable/s Constant/s
Coefficient/s

2n - 7
3x + z
11a + 3b + 3c
15mn – 5n + 10
2πr

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 What is It
Let’s study this!

Look at the two groups given. What do you notice? What do you think
is the difference between an expression and an equation?

EXPRESSION VS. EQUATION

What is the difference?
EXPRESSION EQUATION
It is a mathematical phrase that It is a mathematical sentence that
contains variables, numerical contains variables, numerical
coefficients, operation symbols and coefficients, operation symbols and
constant. constant that shows the equality of
two expressions.
There is no equal sign There must be an equal sign
5x + 4 5x + 4 = 4y
It can be evaluated but not solved. It can be solved.

Basically, the main difference of an expression to an equation is that the

equation shows the equality of two expressions. If the equation shows equality
therefore it must have an equal sign.

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Look at the statements below, write EXP if the statement is an expression and
EQU if the statement is an equation.

____________ 1. ab – cd ____________ 6. 8y + 9x = 3a + 2
____________ 2. 4(n – 2)2 ____________ 7. P = 2L + 2W
____________ 3. V = 2πrh ____________ 8. 7 (m + n)
____________ 4. 2(n – 5) ____________ 9. 5m = 35
____________ 5. y2 + 5 = 15 ____________ 10. 10 + x = 20

From the choices given write it in the proper column provided.

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Read and understand the following questions carefully. Encircle the letter of
your choice.
1. It is a list of numbers in which the terms follow a certain pattern or rule.
A. algebraic equation C. pattern
B. algebraic expression D. sequence

2. What is the next two terms in the sequence 8, 14, 20, 26, …?
A. 32, 38 B. 38, 44 C. 38, 32 D. 44, 48

3. What is the next term in the sequence 1, 4, 9, 16, …?

A. 20 B. 24 C. 25 D. 30

4. It is a sequence that has a common difference between consecutive

terms.
A. algebraic equation C. arithmetic sequence
B. algebraic expression D. geometric sequence

5. It is a sequence that has a constant ratio between consecutive terms.

A. algebraic equation C. arithmetic sequence
B. algebraic expression D. geometric sequence

6. It is a mathematical phrase that contains variables, numerical coefficients,

operation symbols, and constants.
A. algebraic equation C. pattern
B. algebraic expression D. sequence

7. It is a mathematical sentence that shows the equality of two expressions.

A. algebraic equation C. pattern
B. algebraic expression D. sequence

8. Which of the following is NOT an algebraic equation?

A. x2 = 125 C. 5x2 + 6 = 4y2 + 9
B. 5x2 + 3xy D. 2x + 3 = 5y + 3

9. Which of the following is NOT an algebraic expression?

A. 3x2 + 3y = 5x +124 C. 3x2 + 48
B. 4xy2 + 3x + 7 D. 2x + 5

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10. It is a letter that can represent any number.
A. variable C. numerical coefficient
B. operational sign D. constant

Using a Venn diagram. Compare the differences and similarities of an

expression and an equation.

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 SUMMATIVE TEST

Read and understand the following. Encircle your answer.

1. It is a letter that can represent any number.

A. variable C. numerical coefficient
B. operational sign D. constant
2. Which of the following is NOT an algebraic expression?
A. 3x2 + 3y C. 3x2 + 48
B. 4xy2 + 3x + 7 = 4x + 3 D. 2x + 5
3. Which of the following is NOT an algebraic equation?
A. x2 = 12 C. 3x2 + 6 = 4y2 + 9
B. 5x2 + 5xy D. 2x + 3 = 5y + 3
4. It is a mathematical phrase that contains variables, numerical coefficients,
operation symbols, and constants.
A. algebraic equation C. Pattern
B. algebraic expression D. Sequence
5. It is a mathematical sentence that shows the equality of two expressions.
A. algebraic equation C. Pattern
B. algebraic expression D. Sequence
6. What is the next two terms in the sequence 8, 10, 13, 17, …?
A. 22, 28 C. 19, 24
B. 19, 22 D. 22, 26
7. What is the next term in the sequence 1, 4, 9, 16, …?
A. 20 C. 25
B. 24 D. 30
8. It is a list of numbers in which the terms follow a certain pattern or rule.
A. algebraic equation C. Pattern
B. algebraic expression D. Sequence

9. It is a sequence that has a constant ratio between consecutive terms.

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 A. algebraic equation C. arithmetic sequence
B. algebraic expression D. geometric sequence
10. What is the next term in the sequence 5, 12, 19, 26, …?
A. 30 C. 32
B. 31 D. 33
11. What are the next two terms in the sequence 6, 10, 14, 18, …?
A. 22, 26 C. 23, 27
B. 26, 22 D. 27, 23
12. Which of the following is the expression for the rule of the sequence 14,
17, 20, 23, …?
A. Xn = 3n + 1 C. Xn = 2n + 3
B. Xn = 2n + 1 D. Xn = 4n + 1
13. Which of the following is the expression for the rule of the sequence 2, 5,
10, 17, …?
A. Xn = 3n + 1 C. Xn = 2n2 + 3
B. Xn = n2 D. Xn = n2 + 1
14. What is the rule for this pattern 30, 34, 38, 42, …?
A. Add four C. Divide by two
B. Subtract four D. Multiply by three
15. Which of the following is the missing term in 1, 5, 9, ____, 25, 37, 49?
A. 16 C. 19
B. 17 D. 20
16. What are the variables in the expression x2 + y2 + 3?
A. x C. x, y
B. y D. x2, y2
17. What is the constant in the expression x2 + 2x + 3?
A. x C. 3
B. 2 D. x2
18. These are connected by operational symbols used in the expression. It can
be a constant, variable or a constant multiplied by a variable.

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 A. Terms C. Variable
B. Constant D.Numerical Coefficient
19. How many terms are there in the expression: 11a + 3b + 4c + 5d?
A. 2 C. 4
B. 3 D. 5
20. Which of the following is NOT an algebraic expression?
A. 4x2 + 3y C. 2x2 + 48
B. 5xy2 + 3x + 7 = 2x + 3 D. 7x + 5

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Answer Key

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 References

Marjoseph H. Perez, Donnel P. Placer, Jaime R. Burgos, Arsenio S.

Dimaranan. (2016). 21st Century MATHletes. Quezon City: Vibal
Group Inc.

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 Development Team of the Module

Writer: Immanuel Ian M. Reodique (MES)

Editors: Letecia T. Ottao (SSSVES), Norma R. Candido (NES),
Vilma Y. Dizon (FES), Socorro B. Benedicto (HBES),
Evelyn C. Natividad (SRES), Immanuel Ian M. Reodique (MES)
Internal Reviewer: Dominador J. Villafria (Education Program Supervisor-Mathematics)
Cover Illustrator: April Vanessa Baldovino
Layout Artist: Joel J. Estudillo
Management Team:
Sheryll T. Gayola
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
OIC, Office of the Schools Division Superintendent

Elisa O. Cerveza
Chief, CID
Answer’s Key
OIC, Office of the Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Dominador J. Villafria
Education Program Supervisor-Mathematics

Ivy Coney A. Gamatero

Education Program Supervisor– LRMS

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Schools Division Office- Marikina City

Email Address: sdo.marikina@deped.gov.ph

191 Shoe Ave., Sta. Elena, Marikina City, 1800, Philippines

Telefax: (02) 682-2472 / 682-3989

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