CBSE 10 | Chapterwise 20 PYQS- Least to the Most

SUBJECT:
CLASS: X
CHAPTER: Human eye & colorful world No. of PYQs:20

Sl No QUESTIONS MARK

1 (a) List the parts of the human eye that control the amount of
light entering into it. Explain how they perform this function?
(b) Write the function of the retina in the human eye. (2014)
Solution:-
a) The part of the human eye that controls the amount of light
entering into it is pupil.
Light enters the eye through a thin membrane called the cornea.
It forms the transparent bulge on the front surface of the eyeball
most of the refraction for the light rays entering the eye occurs
at the outer surface of the cornea, the crystalline lens merely
provides the linear adjustment of focal length required to focus
objects at different distances on the retina. Iris which is behind
the cornea controls the size of the pupil. The pupil regulates and
controls the amount of light entering the eye.
(b) Retina: It capture light and convert it into electric signals that
are translated into images by the brain.

2 (a) List two causes of hypermetropia.

(b) Draw ray diagrams showing (i) a hypermetropic eye and (ii)
its correction using a suitable optical device. (2020)
Solution:-
(a) Hypermetropia is caused due to following reasons:
(i) Shortening of the eyeball
(ii) Focal length of crystalline lens is too long.

3 A student is unable to see clearly the words written on the

blackboard placed at a distance of approximately 4 m from him.
Name the defect of vision the boy is suffering from.
Explain the method of correcting this defect. Draw ray diagram
for the
(i) defect of vision and also
(ii) for its correction (2015)
Solution:-
Student is suffering from myopia.
 The two possible reasons due to which the defect of vision
arises are : excessive curvature of the eye lens and elongation
of the eye ball.
A student with myopia has the far point nearer than infinity, thus,
the image of a distant object is formed in front of the retina.

Correction of myopia: This defect can be corrected by using a

concave lens of suitable power as it brings the image back on to
the retina, thus the defect is corrected.

4 What is meant by scattering of light? Use this phenomenon to

explain why the clear sky appears blue or the sun appears
reddish at sunrise. (2015).
Solution:-
Scattering is the phenomenon by which a beam of light is
redirected in many different directions when it strikes minute
particles in the atmosphere.
The light from the Sun has to travel a long distance of the
Earth's atmosphere before reaching us. As light travels through
the atmosphere, it gets scattered in different direction by the air
molecules present in its path. The blue light due to its short
wavelength is scattered more as compared to the red light of
longer wavelength. Thus the light reaching our eye directly from
sun is rich in red colour, while the light reaching our eye from all
other directions is the scattered blue light. Therefore the sky in
direction, other than the direction of sun, is seen blue.

5 Explain why the planets do not twinkle but the stars twinkle.
(2011)
Solution:-
The twinkling of a the star is due to atmospheric refraction.
Distant stars act like a point source of light. As the beam of
starlight keeps deviating from its path, the apparent position of
star keeps on changing because physical conditions of earth’s
atmosphere are not constant. Hence, the amount of light which
enters our eyes fluctuates from bright to faint. This is the
“Twinkling effect of star”. But planets are much closer to us than
stars, so they are not point-sized objects to our eye. Hence, the
fluctuations have a negligible effect and they don’t seem to
twinkle.

6 (a) State the relation between color of scattered light and size of
the scattering particle.
(b) The apparent position of an object, when seen through the
 hot air, fluctuates or waves. State the basic cause of this
observation.
(c) Complete the path of white light when it passes through two
identical prisms placed as shown (2013)

Solution:-
(a) The colour of scattered light depends on the size of the
scattering particle. Very fine particles scatter short wavelengths
such as blue and violet, lights. Large size particles scatter light
of longer wavelengths.

(b) The basic cause of this observation is atmospheric

refraction. As hot air is less denser then the colder air
surrounding it, it has a slightly lower refractive index. Since the
physical condition of the refracting medium, in air is not
stationary, the apparent position of an object, when seen
through hot air fluctuates.

(c)

7 Explain why danger signals are painted red in color ?

(2015,2017, 2020)
Solution:-
Since the wavelength of light is maximum in the spectrum, its
penetration power in the air is maximum and so we can see red
colour from farther distances. Thus, danger signal uses red
colour.

8 Define the term power of accommodation. Write the

modification in the curvature of the eye lens which enables us to
 see the nearby objects clearly? (2017,2019)
Solution:-
The ability of eye lens to adjust its focal length is called as
accommodation of eye. While viewing nearby objects, ciliary
muscles contract resulting in the thickening of lens. It gets
compressed into a more convex shape decreasing the focal
length. The image falls on retina enabling to see the nearby
objects clearly

9 Draw a labeled ray diagram to illustrate the dispersion of a

narrow beam of white light when it passes through a glass
prism. (2012)
Solution:-

10 (a) A person is suffering from both myopia and hypermetropia.

(i) What kind of lenses can correct this defect?
(ii) How are these lenses prepared?
(b) A person needs a lens of power +3 D for correcting his near
vision and -3D for correcting his distant vision. Calculate the
focal lengths of the lenses required to correct these defects.
(2020)
Solution:-
(a) (i) The lens which can correct the vision of such a person
suffering from both myopia and hypermetropia is a bifocal lens.

(ii) A common type of bifocal lens contains both concave and

convex lens. It is prepared with the upper portion consisting of a
concave lens facilitating distant vision and the lower portion
consisting of convex lens facilitating near vision,
(b) The power for correcting his near vision,
PN = +3 D.
As P = 1/f(m)
∴ Focal length of convex lens needed,
fN = 1/PN = 0.33 m = +33.33 cm
Power required to correct distant vision, PD = -3D
∴ Focal length of concave lens,
 fD = 1/PD = -0.33 m = -33.33 cm.

11 (a) A person cannot read a newspaper placed nearer than 50

cm from his eyes. Name the defect of vision he is suffering from.
Draw a ray diagram to illustrate this defect. List its two possible
causes. Draw a ray diagram to show how this defect may be
corrected using a lens of appropriate focal length.
(b) We see advertisements for eye donation on television or in
newspapers. Write the importance of such advertisements.
(Delhi 2013)
Solution:-
(a) The person is suffering from hyperme-tropia.
Hypermetropia : It is a defect in an eye in which a person is not
able to see nearby object distinctly but can see far objects
clearly.
Refer to answer 11.
(b) It is important to advertise for eye donation on television or
in newspaper because
(i) Few people are unaware about the fact that there can be an
eye transplant through which blind people can see this colourful
and beautiful world.
(ii) To encourage them to donate their eye by spreading
awareness about it through television or newspaper.

12 A narrow PQ of white light is passing through a glass prism

ABC as shown in the diagram. Trace it on your answer sheet
and show the path of the emergent beam as observed on the
screen DE.
 (i) Write the name and cause of the phenomenon observed.
(ii) Where else in nature is this phenomenon observed?
(iii) Based on this observation, state the conclusion which can
be drawn about the constituents of white light. (2014)
Solution:-
(i) The phenomenon of the splitting up of the white light into its
constituents colours is called dispersion of light. Dispersion of
light is caused due to, different constituents colours of light after
different refractive indices to the material of the prism.
(ii) The formation of rainbow is caused by the dispersion of the
white sunlight into its constituent colours.
(iii) Based on the dispersion of white light into its constituents
colours, we can conclude that
(a) The white light consists of seven colours.
(b) The violet light Millers maximum deviations and the red light
suffers minimum deviation.

13 Give reasons:
(i) The extent of deviation of a ray of light on passing through a
prism depends on the color.
(ii) Lights of red color are used for danger signals. (2011, 2022)
Solution:-
(i) Refractive index of a medium is different for different colours
of light. (ii) Due to large wavelength, red colour is least
scattered and travel to large distance.
14 (a) With the help of labeled ray diagrams show the path
followed by a narrow beam of monochromatic light when it
passes through a glass prism.
(b) What would happen if this beam was replaced by a narrow
beam of white light? (2020)
Solution:-

Here, in the figure, ∠D is the angle of deviation of the given

monochromatic light by the glass prism.
(b) If AO were a ray of white light, then on screen BC, a
spectrum will be observed, consisting of seven colours arranged
from bottom to top as follows. Violet, Indigo, Blue, Green,
Yellow, Orange, Red (VIBGYOR)

15 A student is unable to see clearly the words written on the black

board placed at a distance of approximately 3 m from him.
Name the defect of vision the boy is suffering from. State the
possible causes of this defect and explain the method of
correcting it. (2017, 2018)
Solution:-
Student is suffering from myopia.
The two possible reasons due to which the defect of vision
arises are : excessive curvature of the eye lens and elongation
of the eye ball.
A student with myopia has the far point nearer than infinity, thus,
the image of a distant object is formed in front of the retina.
Correction of myopia: This defect can be corrected by using a
concave lens of suitable power as it brings the image back on to
the retina, thus the defect is corrected.

16 Differentiate between a glass slab and a glass prism. What

happens when a narrow beam of
(i) a monochromatic light and (ii) white light passes through (a)
glass slab and (b) glass prism? (2020)
Solution:-
 Glass slab:

It is a substance made of glass having three dimension and has

cuboidal structure.
It does not deviate the path of light falling on it but produces a
lateral displacement of the light ray after refraction. The incident
and emergent ray are parallel to each other.
Glass prism:

A prism is a structure made of glass with two triangle bases and

three rectangular lateral surfaces. These surfaces are inclined
to each other.
A prism deviates the path of light ray falling on it. Here the
incident ray and emergent ray are not parallel to each other.
(i) When a narrow beam of monochromatic light falls on a
(a) glass slab, it gets refracted at its surface and the emergent
ray is laterally displaced from the incident ray.
(b) prism, it gets refracted at the surface and the light gets
deviated from its initial path. The angle between the incident ray
and emergent ray is known as angle of deviation.

(ii) When a white light passes through a

(a) glass slab, the light does not undergo dispersion as its two
refracting surfaces are parallel to each other. The white light is
laterally displaced from its initial path.
(b) prism, the white light undergoes dispersion and splits into its
constituent colours along with deviation from its initial path.

17 State the function of each of the following parts of human eye:

(i) Cornea
(ii) Iris
(iii) Pupil (2013,2016,2018 )
Solution:-
(i) Cornea : It is a transparenl bulge on the front surface of
eyeball which refracls most ol lhe light rays entering the eye.
(ii) Iris : Refer to answer 1.
(iii) Pupil: It controls the amount of light entering into the eye.

18 Draw a ray diagram to show the refraction of light through a

glass prism. Mark on it (a) the incident ray, (b) the emergent ray
and (c) the angle of deviation. ( 2011, 2013,2017)
Solution:-
19 What is ‘dispersion of white light’? State its cause. Draw a ray
diagram to show the dispersion of white light by a glass prism.
(2011, 2013, 2016,2017)
Solution:-
Splitting of white light into its seven constituent colours due to
refraction is known as dispersion of white light.
Cause of dispersion : When a beam of white light enters a
prism, it gets refracted and splits into seven constituent colours.
The splitting of the light ray occurs due to the different bending
angle for each colour. Thus, each colour ray when passing
through the prism bends at different angles with respect to the
incident beam, thus giving rise to a spectrum.

20 How will you use two identical glass prisms so that a narrow
beam of white light incident on one prism emerges out of the
second prism as white light? Draw and label the ray diagram.
(2016,2017,2019, 2020)
Solution:-
Newton was the first to use a glass prism to obtain the spectrum
of a white light. He then placed a second identical prism in an
inverted position with respect to the first prism. This allowed all
the colours of the white light to pass through the second prism
combining to form a white light emerging from the other side of
the second prism. This made him believe that white light was
composed of different colours.