Oppositional

Defiant Disorder
EDUC-2301
 What is ODD?
How does ODD present?
Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is one of the commonly diagnosed
disruptive behavior disorders.

ODD present by frequent episodes of anger, deliberately irritating or

hostile behavior, and a pronounced intolerance for authority.

The term “oppositional” means actions that are in opposition to rules

and norms for socially acceptable behavior.

This behavior is usually directed at authority figures like parents and

teachers, it can also target siblings, classmates, and other children.
(Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 2024)
Examples of ODD
How does ODD
present?

Example of ODD in Adults

Symptom Media (2020)

Example of ODD in children

Genius Academy (2022)
Exceptionality Characteristics
Most Commonly Diagnosed Rude behavior toward
Mental Health Condition in authority figures
children. Tries to Upset others
Behaviors has negatively Very Disobedient
impacted the child’s social, Tember tantrums
or academic areas Frequent irritability
Revenge seeker
 History of ODD
What causes ODD in a
Origin child?
Developmental theory. suggests
children and teens with ODD
Oppositional defiant may have had trouble learning
disorder was first to become independent from a
. parent. Johns Hopkins Medicine
defined in the DSM-III (2019)
(1980). psychology
Learning theory: the negative
Today (2023) symptoms of ODD are learned
attitudes. They mirror the
effects of negative
reinforcement methods used by
parents and others in power.
 History of ODD
How does ODD
present?
ODD is a strong risk factor for the development of Conduct
Disorders in boys, with atypical family structure. ODD is more
common in preadolescent males than in females (1.4:1)

ODD symptoms are commonly seen during preschool years. In a

large-scale study using retrospective age-of-onset reports,
92.4% of those who met ODD criteria also met criteria for at least
one other mental disorder, including mood disorders (45.8%),
anxiety disorders (62.3%), impulse control disorders (68.2%) and
substance use disorders (47.2%). Aggarwal and Marwaha (2022)
 Education Laws
Students with Oppositional Defiance disorder are included under the protection of Section
504, which requires schools to provide public education to special education students,
who have physical or mental impairments. (TEA website 504 plan)
Teachers working with students in a special education classroom are required to pass the
special education Texas exam as well as the core subject exam, along with other special
training for working with students with disabilities. (Texas teachers of Tomorrow
website)
Teachers should also have posted classroom rules and review with student(s) regularly,
have a behavior plan, and be sensitive and understanding to students needs (kids
health.org)
 -Some students with ODD might need an
individualized education program (IEP) which
helps set up a plan for the students unique
education needs due to their disability in an
ARD (admission, review, and dismissal)

Education
meeting. These meetings usually consist of a
principal, parents, gen-ed teacher, sped
teacher, diagnostician, and other related

Laws Part
services to decide the right plan and
determine what goals and data will be needed
for the student.

2
-Treatment can require therapy, training, and
sometimes medications and you as a teacher
will be required to help meet those needs
such as having therapists in and out of the
class, and taking students to the nurse at
specific times
kidshealth.org
SPEDtex.org
Teaching Strategies :
Provide feedback to your student with ODD in
private, and avoid asking the student to perform
difficult tasks in front of classmates
Set limits by giving clear instructions and using
consistent reasonable consequences
Explaining expectations at the start of a year or
term and continue being consistent with
expectations

Example of Teaching Strategies

Difficulty regulating
Challenges & Questioning rules
emotions and refusing to
Solutions follow rules
What can we do?
Strengthen students' Testing athority What can we do?
social skills.
. Model Set limits by giving clear
positive behaviors such What can we do? instructions and using
as raising your hand consistent reasonable
Never react defensively, divert
before you speak, consequences. Maintain
the student's attention from the
sharing, waiting your positive reinforcement, and
conflict, Remove the student
turn, keeping hands to redirect one on one, avoid
briefly from the setting, Allow
oneself, etc. public redirection it heightens
the student a 'cool down' break
negative behavior
BEHAVIOR INTERVENTION PLAN
BIPs are not created for every child, every situation, or only
students with individualized education programs (IEPs) or 504
plans. Any child having difficulty with behavior can have a BIP.
Three questions of BIP:
1- What Is happening? -Definition of the problem
(target) behavior, defined specifically.
2- Why is it happening? - Information collected in the FBA
and what is maintaining the behavior of concern.
3- How to replace the behavior? - Uses positive strategies to
encourage acceptable behavior.
 Final
Thoughts
 References
Agency, T. E. (2021, July 16). Section 504. Tea.texas.gov.
https://tea.texas.gov/academics/special-student-populations/section-504
Aggarwal, A., & Marwaha, R. (2022). Oppositional Defiant Disorder.
PubMed; StatPearls Publishing.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557443/#:~:text=The%20exact%2
0etiology%20of%20oppositional
Genius Academy. (2022, May 31). I Have Oppositional Defiant Disorder
(Trailer). Www.youtube.com. https://youtu.be/Z8-uEMSIcpc?
si=UI6SRj9v96QliCyd
Hamilton, S. S., & Armando, J. (2008). Oppositional Defiant Disorder.
American Family Physician, 78(7), 861–866.
 References
Hasan, S. (2023, June). Oppositional Defiant Disorder Factsheet (for
Schools) (for Parents) - Nemours KidsHealth. Kidshealth.org.
https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/odd-factsheet.html?ref=search
Johns Hopkins Medicine. (2019). Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) in
Children. Johns Hopkins Medicine.
https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-
diseases/oppositional-defiant-disorder
psychology Today. (2023). DSM | Psychology Today.
Www.psychologytoday.com.
https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/dsm
Symptom Media. (2020, March 3). Oppositional Defiant Disorder Example
Interview, Counseling DSM 5 Film. Www.youtube.com.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2iSNf6qJ5oM
Thank
you!