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Lesson 6 Enculturation and Socialization

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238 views22 pages

Lesson 6 Enculturation and Socialization

Uploaded by

Niño John Baluca
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ENCULTURATION AND

SOCIALIZATION
LESSON 6
• Self is a product of social process
• Self emerges from social interaction such as socialization and enculturation
• Socialization refers to a lifelong social experience by which people develop
their human potential and learn culture.
Agents of Socialization: family, friends, school, church, socio-civic
group, interest group
Socialization
• Socialization generally refers to the process of social influence through
which a person acquires the culture or subculture of his/her group, and in
the course of acquiring these cultural elements, the individual's self and
personality are shaped.
• Socialization is very important to the life process of an individual because it
enables a person to learn the different cultural languages, norms, values,
and one’s role in the society in order to fit the group.
Enculturation
• Enculturation is the process by which people learn the requirements of their
surrounding culture and acquire the values and behaviors appropriate or
necessary in that culture.
• Enculturation can be defined as the process of learning with the help of
which an individual grasps the rules, norms, and values of a particular
culture or society of which he/she is a part of.
• Here, learning means understanding and acquiring the traditional content
of the culture observing the other members of the society, such as
parents, family, teachers, friends, acquaintances, relatives, etc., getting
instructions from elders, and experiencing things as they take place.
• Enculturation is a process of
socialization to maintain the norms
of one’s heritage and culture,
including the salient values, ideas,
and concepts.
• To understand more about
enculturation, we can say that
Filipinos give more importance to
their cultural values despite the
challenges we are facing.
Acculturation
• It refers to the cultural transformation of an individual or a group to adapt
according to another culture.
• Acculturation means the cultural contact and interchange process wherein a
human being adopts, learns and adjust to some or great extent as per the
values, rules, patterns and practices of a new or prevailing culture in the society,
which is not their native culture.
• Acculturation is primarily found amongst the people who migrate from different
countries, who try to incorporate the new culture in their lives. It takes place
when people belong to different culture comes into contact with one another,
wherein the people adopt traits of a new culture or take part in another culture.
Enculturation Acculturation

• Enculturation is the culture learning • Acculturation refers to a process of


process in which an individual comes to cultural learning wherein the members of
know about the rules, values and a particular cultural group get influenced
behavioral patterns of his/her own native by another culture, by coming in contact
culture. with it and adopts it to some or great
extent.
• Enculturation is the first and foremost
introduction of a person to the culture, • Acculturation is the subsequent
which takes place just after birth. familiarization with different cultures.
• In enculturation, a person learns or • In acculturation, one’s culture is
acquires one’s own culture, to which subsumed by another culture.
he/she belongs.
Three Goals of Socialization (accdording to J. Arnett)
1. Socialization teaches impulse control and helps individuals develop a
conscience.
2. Socialization teaches individuals how to prepare for and perform certain
social roles- occupational roles, gender roles, and the roles of
institutions such as marriage and parenthood.
3. Socialization cultivates shared sources of meaning and value. People
learn to identify what is important and valued within a particular culture.
Agents of Socialization
• Through cultural learning, individuals
have a chance to communicate and
imitate the behavior of other people.
• A good example is the millennials in our
country who have easily adopted the
cultural learning of other countries
especially Korean culture. They love
eating Korean food, watching K-dramas,
listening to K-pop music, even imitating
the fashion style and dance moves of
their favorite Korean pop artists
Mead and The Development of
the Social Mind (SELF)
• Self (according to George Herbert Mead) develops
through social interactions.
• In the absence of social interactions, a person may
develop as a biological entity, but he or she will be
without the sociality that makes individuals full-
pledged members of their society.
• Feral children- are human children who have lived
away from human contact from a very young age,
and have little or no experience of human care,
loving or social behavior, and, crucially, of human
language. Feral children are confined by humans
(often parents), brought up by animals, or live in the
wild in isolation.
4 Stage Process of the development of
the self (according. to Mead)
1. Imitation
2. Play (gain an understanding of the different social roles)
3. Game (organization and definite personalities start to emerge)
4. Generalized others
Identities and Identity Formation
❑ Identity formation- development of an individual’s distinct personality.
❑ Individuals gain social identity and group identity by social affiliations.
❑ Self-concept is the sum of a being’s knowledge and understanding of his or
herself.
❑ Cultural identity is one’s feeling of identity or affiliation with a group or
culture.
❑ Ethnic identity is the identification with a certain ethnicity.
❑ National identity is an ethical and philosophical concept whereby all humans
are divided into groups called nations.
❑ Religious identity is the set of beliefs and practices generally held by an
individual involving adherence to beliefs and rituals.
Status and Roles
• Status refers to a social position that a person holds.

• A person’s status can either be ascribed (given) or achieved (accomplished).


• An ascribed status is a social position a person receives at birth or takes on
involuntarily in life. (example: being a son, a Filipino, a teenager, and a widower)
• An achieved status refers to a social position a person takes on voluntarily that
reflects personal identity and effort. (example: honor student, boxing champion,
nurse, software writer, thief)
• The term status set refers to all statuses a person holds at a given time
Status and Roles
• Role refers to the behavior expected of someone who holds a particular status.

• A person holds a status and performs a role. (example: if you have the status of
a student, you must perform the role of attending classes and completing
requirements)
• Role set refers to a number of roles attached to a single status

• Role strain – conflict among the roles connected to two or more statuses.

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