RESEARCH IN ARCHITECTURE

ASSIGNMENT 2 A: SIGNIFICANCE OF RESEARCH IN

ARCHITECTURE.

Q 1. How do you define &/or describe ‘Research’?

Ans. Research is an inquisitive process undertaken to discover and

interpret new information, re-examine and confirm existing knowledge, or
develop new hypotheses or applications. It involves gathering data,
analysing it, and drawing conclusions to advance understanding within a
specific field.

Q 2. What is the importance of Research in common man’s life?

Ans. Research directly impacts daily life by:

• Improving Healthcare: New treatments and technologies developed

through medical research.

• Enhancing Technology: Constant research leads to better

gadgets, communication, and infrastructure.

• Boosting Economy: Research drives innovation and job creation in

various sectors.

• Promoting Sustainability: Solutions for environmental challenges are

found through research.

• Unveiling History & Culture: Research enriches our understanding of

the past and diverse cultures.
Q 3. What is the significance of Research in Architecture?

Ans. Architectural research plays a crucial role in:

Building Design & Performance: Research informs sustainable

practices, material innovations, structural efficiency, and occupant
well-being.

• Historical Preservation & Restoration: Research guides techniques for

safeguarding architectural heritage.

• Urban Planning & Development: Research helps create

sustainable, liveable, and resilient cities.

• Social Equity & Accessibility: Research ensures all users’ needs are
considered in design and planning.

• Theories & Aesthetics: Research drives new design

languages, pushes boundaries of architectural expression, and
informs critical thought.

Q 4. In Architectural Research, what are the Fields of Inquiry?

Ans. There are several overlapping fields, but some key ones include:

• Environmental Design: Focuses on sustainability, energy

efficiency, daylighting, and thermal comfort.

• Material & Structural Research: Explores new materials, construction

methods, and structural systems.

• Urban Design & Planning: Investigates urban

morphology, transportation systems, public spaces, and social
interaction.

• Social & Cultural Studies: Examines how architecture interacts with

society, culture, and human behaviour.
 • Historic Preservation & Archaeology: Analyses and documents
architectural heritage and historical sites.

• Design Theory & Aesthetics: Explores philosophical and artistic

aspects of architecture, form, and space.

Q 5. What kind of topics / issues do we cover / touch upon under those

Fields of Inquiry?

Ans. Each field employs diverse research methods. For example:

• Environmental Design: Simulations, climate analysis, user

surveys, post-occupancy evaluations.

• Material & Structural Research: Lab testing, prototyping, computer

modelling, case studies.

• Urban Design & Planning: GIS mapping, spatial analysis, public

participation, historical analysis.

• Social & Cultural Studies: Ethnographic studies, interviews, social

network analysis, cultural critique.

• Historic Preservation & Archaeology: Archival

research, archaeological excavations, material analysis, digital
documentation.

• Design Theory & Aesthetics: Philosophical analysis, critical

discourse, visual analysis, comparative studies.

Q 6. What are the basic important steps for conducting Research?

1. Ans. Define your research question or topic.

2. Review existing literature and research in your field.

3. Choose a research method appropriate for your question.

 4. Collect and analyse data using your chosen method.

5. Interpret your findings and draw conclusions.

6. Disseminate your research through publications, presentations, or

other means.

Q 7. Write a paragraph or two on the following –

a) How do architects use Research?

Ans. a) Practices: Architects engage with research in various ways:

• Client & site research: Understanding demographics, needs, and

environmental conditions.

• Material & product research: Staying updated on new materials and

technologies.

• Case study analysis: Learning from successful projects and

precedents.

• Collaboration with universities and research institutions: Utilizing

external expertise or conducting joint research projects.

d) Timing & Methodology:

• Project-driven research: Often integrated into ongoing projects to

address specific design challenges.

• Long-term research: Dedicated time and resources to investigate

broader issues or develop new design approaches.

e) Value of Research:
 • Enhanced design solutions: Research leads to more
innovative, sustainable, and user-friendly architecture.

• Competitive advantage: Architects with research expertise stand out

in the market.

• Client satisfaction: Research helps meet client needs and exceed

expectations.

• Contribution to the field: Sharing research findings benefits the wider

architectural community.

d) Knowledge Architects Need:

• Understanding of research methods and methodologies.

• Critical thinking and analytical skills.

• Ability to identify research questions relevant to their practice.

• Effective communication skills to translate research findings into

design solutions.

b) When & how do architects undertake Research in their practices?

Within the dynamic environment of architectural practice, research plays

a crucial role in informing design decisions, fostering innovation, and
ensuring relevance. Examining the when and how of research integration
reveals a nuanced spectrum of approaches, driven by project-specific
needs, firm structure, and individual interests.

Timing:

• Embedded Integration: Research often seamlessly intertwines with

project workflow. Client needs and design challenges dictate
investigations into local materials, construction techniques, or user
behaviour, seamlessly informing each project stage.
 • Dedicated Exploration: Beyond immediate project demands, some
firms allocate dedicated periods for research sprints, allowing
exploration of broader topics like new design methodologies or
sustainable solutions. These findings then enrich future projects.

• Lifelong Learning: Research can also be an ongoing, informal

process. Architects continuously expand their knowledge base
through active engagement with industry trends, academic
literature, and professional networks, nurturing a culture of learning
that permeates their work.

Methodology:

• Formalized Projects: Larger firms or research-focused practices may

undertake structured research projects with defined
objectives, methodologies, and rigorous data analysis. These often
result in publications and presentations, contributing to the wider
architectural discourse.

• Informal Investigations: Smaller firms or individual architects might

employ informal investigative methods like quick site visits, user
observations, or client surveys. While findings may not be formally
documented, they directly inform design decisions and enhance
practice knowledge.

• Collaborative Ventures: Collaboration with universities, research

institutions, or specialists enriches research endeavors. External
expertise and resources can be leveraged to tackle complex
challenges, leading to more impactful outcomes.

Conclusion:

The timing and methodology of research in architectural practice are not

rigidly defined, but rather dynamically adapt to the context. Whether
seamlessly integrated into project workflows, pursued through dedicated
periods, or embraced as an ongoing learning process, research plays a
vital role in shaping informed design solutions, pushing the boundaries of
architectural practice, and contributing to a dynamic and evolving field.

c) How does Research bring value to architects’ practices & their

clients?

Ans. Research in architectural practice is more than just gathering

information; it’s a catalyst for innovation, efficiency, and ultimately, value
creation for both architects and their clients. Let’s explore how:

Value for Architects:

• Enhanced Design Solutions: Research empowers architects to move

beyond established norms and create design solutions that are
more responsive to clients’ needs, site conditions, and environmental
concerns. Studies on daylighting, thermal comfort, and material
performance inform sustainable and user-friendly spaces.

• Competitive Advantage: A research-driven practice stands out in a

competitive market. Architects with expertise in specific areas,
backed by robust research, can command higher fees and attract
clients seeking innovative and well-informed solutions.

• Client Satisfaction: By deeply understanding client needs and

aspirations through research methods like user surveys and
stakeholder engagement, architects deliver customized solutions
that exceed expectations and foster long-term relationships.

• Contribution to the Field: Sharing research findings through

publications, presentations, and conferences enhances the
architect’s reputation and contributes to the advancement of the
architectural community. This opens doors to collaboration and
knowledge exchange, further enriching their practice.
 d) What Research knowledge practising architects do need?

Ans. Foundational Knowledge:

• Understanding of research methods and methodologies: This

empowers architects to critically evaluate existing research, design
effective research projects, and analyse data accurately.

• Critical thinking and analytical skills: These skills are crucial for
interpreting research findings, identifying research gaps, and
drawing meaningful conclusions to inform design decisions.

• Knowledge of relevant fields: Architects should have a broad

understanding of related fields like environmental science, material
science, structural engineering, and social sciences to effectively
engage with research in these areas.

Specific Domains of Knowledge:

• Environmental Design: Expertise in sustainable practices, energy

efficiency, daylighting, and thermal comfort is essential for creating
responsive and resource-efficient buildings.

• Material & Structural Research: Knowledge of new

materials, construction methods, and structural systems allows
architects to push boundaries and explore innovative design
solutions.

• Urban Design & Planning: Understanding of urban

morphology, transportation systems, public spaces, and social
interaction is crucial for contributing to liveable and resilient cities.

• Social & Cultural Studies: Insights into how architecture interacts with
society, culture, and human behaviour inform inclusive and
responsive design.
 • Historic Preservation & Archaeology: Knowledge of archival
research, archaeological techniques, and material analysis equips
architects to protect and revitalize architectural heritage.

• Design Theory & Aesthetics: Familiarity with philosophical and artistic

aspects of architecture, form, and space allows architects to
develop original design languages and engage in critical discourse.

Additional Skills:

• Effective communication: Architects need to clearly articulate

research findings and translate them into design solutions, both for
clients and collaborators.

• Project management: Knowledge of research project

planning, budgeting, and timeline management is essential for
conducting research effectively within the constraints of
architectural practice.

• Collaboration: The ability to work with interdisciplinary teams of

researchers, engineers, and other professionals is critical for
leveraging diverse expertise and tackling complex challenges.

Ultimately, the specific research knowledge a practicing architect needs

will vary depending on their individual interests, firm focus, and project
types. However, a blend of foundational skills, domain-specific expertise,
and additional competencies equips architects to navigate the ever-
evolving landscape of research and transform it into tangible value for
their practice and clients.

***

Saksham Kawale Roll No. 3 Div B T.Y B.Arch

 RESEARCH IN ARCHITECTURE

ASSIGNMENT 3: NEWS ARTICLE SUMMARY.

NEWS ARTICLE

Crude oil prices gained about 10 percent in the first two months of 2024.
The ongoing geopolitical tensions in the Middle East and reports of falling
inventories assisted prices to edge higher.

Worries over supply disruptions in the Middle East added concerns to the
global crude oil market. The growing conflict between Israel and Hamas
coupled with Red Sea shipping disruptions due to Yemen’s Houthi attacks,
raised tensions of supply bottlenecks.

The Middle East is a critical area for global energy production and
transportation, with several major oil-producing countries that
combinedly contribute more than 30 percent of global oil production. The
recent conflicts have heightened concerns over critical maritime routes,
contributing to an increase in global crude prices.

However, the US Fed’s policy moves and the strong US dollar

overpowering the strengthening oil prices. There were expectations that
the US Fed may cut its rates in the first half of 2024. But the country is still
contending with issues arising from heightened inflation opening chances
of maintaining elevated interest rates until inflation aligns with the central
bank’s desired levels.

Higher rates and a strong US currency can cause oil prices to fall. This is
because an increased rate can lead to less demand for oil as activity
declines with higher costs, slowing the economy.

The recent International Energy Agency (IEA) report revealed that the
global oil demand growth is losing momentum. A sharp decline from
China underpinned the global oil demand. As per the agency, the
decelerating trend will gather pace in 2024 which could trim world oil
demand growth to only half of last year’s solid expansion.

The world's largest crude oil consumers like the United States, Europe, and
China are currently grappling with challenges that pose a threat to the
demand outlook for oil. Anyhow, the agency predicts China, India, and
Brazil are set to account for 78 percent of growth in global oil demand in
2024.

On the supply side, the OPEC plus voluntary output cut resulted in a
massive decline in global oil supply. Meanwhile, the rising wave of non-
OPEC production growth is expected to continue, and hence global
supplies are likely to exceed demand this year.

IEA forecasts, global oil supply is set to increase by 1.7 mb/d to a record
103.8 mb/d in 2024, with non-OPEC providing 95% of the incremental
barrels. Increased production from the US, Brazil, Guyana, and Canada
would be the key contributors to the non-OPEC cartel.

Oil inventory levels showcased a declining trend in the last few months.
The US inventories declined to a below-five-year average in December,
and it plummeted by about 60 million barrels in January with the on-land
inventories falling to their lowest level since 2016.

Looking ahead, prices are anticipated to be shaped by supply-demand

dynamics and factors like global economic growth and the escalation of
geopolitical tensions. Though the tensions in the Middle East offer a
degree of price support, a significant bearish influence is emerging from
global economic concerns, especially from the US Fed’s policy decisions
and the value of the dollar.On the price side, NYMEX futures prices
continue to trade inside $68-92 a barrel levels initially, and breaking any
of the sides would guide fresh direction. In the MCX platform, the short-
term outlook remains rangebound with major resistance seen at Rs 6,800
a barrel and support placed at Rs 5,500 a barrel.
-By Hareesh V, ET CONTRIBUTORS Feb 24, 2024.
 SUMMARY

Crude oil prices increased by 10% in the first two months of 2024 due to
geopolitical tensions in the Middle East and falling inventories. The conflict
between Israel and Hamas and Red Sea shipping disruptions due to
Yemen's Houthi attacks have raised concerns over supply bottlenecks.
The US Fed's policy moves and the strong US dollar have overpowered the
strengthening oil prices. The International Energy Agency (IEA) report
revealed that global oil demand growth is losing momentum, with China,
India, and Brazil accounting for 78% of global oil demand growth in 2024.

The OPEC plus voluntary output cut has resulted in a massive decline in
global oil supply, but the rising wave of non-OPEC production growth is
expected to continue, leading to global supplies exceeding demand this
year. The IEA forecasts that global oil supply is set to increase by 1.7 mb/d
to a record 103.8 mb/d in 2024, with non-OPEC contributing 95% of the
incremental barrels.

Oil inventory levels have also declined, with the US inventories declining to
a below-five-year average in December and plummeting by about 60
million barrels in January. Prices are expected to be shaped by supply-
demand dynamics, global economic growth, and geopolitical tensions.

Saksham Kawale Roll No. 3 Div B T.Y B.Arch

 RESEARCH IN ARCHITECTURE

ASSIGNMENT 5

Q.1 What factors motivates people to do Research? or What makes people

to undertake 'RESEARCH'?

ANS. People are motivated to undertake research for various reasons, and
these motivations can vary based on individual interests, career
objectives, and external influences. Here are several factors that
commonly motivate or compel individuals to engage in research:

Curiosity and Passion:

• Intrinsic curiosity and a passion for a particular subject or field often

drive individuals to explore and uncover new knowledge.

Desire for Knowledge:

• The pursuit of knowledge and a deep-seated interest in

understanding a specific topic or phenomenon can be a powerful
motivator for research.

Career Advancement:

• In academic and professional settings, the desire for career

advancement, including obtaining advanced degrees or gaining
recognition in a field, can drive individuals to conduct research.

Problem Solving:

• Researchers are often motivated by a desire to solve real-world

problems or address unanswered questions, contributing to the
advancement of science, technology, or various fields.

Intellectual Challenge:

• The intellectual challenge and satisfaction derived from solving

complex problems or making significant contributions to a particular
field can be a strong motivator.
Innovation and Creativity:

• Some individuals are motivated by the opportunity to innovate,

create, and contribute new ideas or solutions that can have a
positive impact on society.

Professional Development:

• For individuals in certain professions, engaging in research can

enhance professional skills, deepen expertise, and open up new
opportunities.

Personal Development:

• Research provides opportunities for personal growth, including the

development of critical thinking, analytical skills, and the ability to
work independently.

Social Impact:

• The desire to contribute to positive social change, address societal

challenges, or improve the well-being of communities motivates
many researchers.

External Funding and Grants:

• Availability of funding and grants from government agencies, private

organizations, or research institutions can be a compelling factor,
especially in fields where research is resource-intensive.

Publication and Recognition:

• The prospect of publishing research findings and gaining recognition

within the academic or professional community can serve as a
motivating factor.
Academic Requirements:

• In academic settings, students may be compelled to undertake

research as part of their coursework, degree requirements, or to fulfil
academic expectations.

Competitive Edge:

• In competitive fields, individuals may engage in research to establish

themselves as experts, gain a competitive edge in their careers, or
differentiate themselves from their peers.

These motivations often intertwine, and individuals may be driven by a

combination of factors. The dynamic and evolving nature of research
allows individuals to find fulfilment and make meaningful contributions to
their chosen fields.

Q.2 What is Research Methods & Research Methodology?

Ans. Research methods and research methodology are related concepts,

and they refer to the systematic processes and techniques used by
researchers to plan, conduct, and analyse research. However, they are
distinct terms with specific meanings:

Research Methods:

• Research methods are the specific techniques, procedures, or tools

that researchers use to gather and analyse data.
• These methods can be categorized into different types based on the
nature of the research and the data collection process.
• Common research methods include surveys, experiments, interviews,
observations, case studies, and content analysis, among others.
• The choice of research method depends on the research questions,
objectives, and the nature of the phenomenon being studied.
Research Methodology:

• Research methodology, on the other hand, is the broader framework

that outlines the philosophical approach, overall design, and
rationale behind the chosen research methods.
• It encompasses the theoretical foundation of the research, the logic
of the research design, and the strategies employed to ensure the
validity and reliability of the findings.
• Research methodology provides a roadmap for conducting the
study and justifies why specific methods were chosen over others.

In summary:

Research Methods are the specific techniques or tools used to collect and
analyse data.

• Research Methodology is the overarching framework that guides the

selection and application of research methods, outlining the
theoretical underpinnings and justifications for the chosen
approach.
• It's important for researchers to carefully consider both the methods
and methodology to ensure the rigor and validity of their research.
• The methodology provides the conceptual and theoretical basis for
the research, while the methods are the practical steps taken to
gather and analyse data within that framework.
• Together, they contribute to the credibility and robustness of the
research process and findings.

Q.3 Why it is important to follow basic Protocols & basic

Structure of Research?

Ans. Following basic protocols and adhering to a structured approach in

research are crucial for several reasons:
Ensures Research Quality:

• A structured research process helps maintain the overall quality of

the study. Protocols and a defined structure ensure that the research
is conducted systematically, reducing the likelihood of errors and
enhancing the reliability of results.

Facilitates Reproducibility:

• A clear research structure and adherence to protocols make it easier

for other researchers to replicate the study. Reproducibility is a
fundamental aspect of scientific research, allowing the verification
and validation of findings.

Enhances Credibility:

• Following established protocols and a structured approach adds

credibility to the research. It demonstrates that the study has been
conducted with integrity, transparency, and a commitment to
rigorous scientific standards.

Aids in Communication:

• Researchers communicate their findings through research papers,

presentations, and other means. A structured approach helps in
organizing and presenting information in a clear, coherent manner,
making it easier for others to understand and interpret the results.

Safeguards Ethical Considerations:

• Protocols often include ethical guidelines for research. Adhering to

these protocols ensures that the research is conducted ethically,
with due consideration for the rights and well-being of participants.

Minimizes Bias and Subjectivity:

• A structured research process helps minimize bias and subjectivity.

Protocols guide researchers in the selection of methods, data
 collection, and analysis, reducing the influence of personal opinions
or preferences.

Efficient Resource Utilization:

• Following a structured approach helps researchers allocate

resources (time, budget, personnel) efficiently. It prevents
unnecessary deviations, ensuring that efforts are focused on
achieving the research objectives.

Meets Academic and Institutional Standards:

• Many academic institutions and research organizations have

specific standards and guidelines for conducting research. Adhering
to these standards ensures that the research meets institutional
requirements and contributes to the overall academic integrity.

Facilitates Peer Review:

• Peer review is a critical part of the research process. A structured

research approach allows peers and experts to assess the study's
methodology, data analysis, and conclusions, contributing to the
validation of the research.

Supports Funding and Collaboration Opportunities:

• Funding agencies and potential collaborators often look for well-

structured research proposals. Following protocols and a clear
• structure enhances the chances of securing funding and
establishing collaborations.

Guides Decision-Making:

• A structured approach provides a roadmap for decision-making

throughout the research process. Researchers can refer to the
established protocols to make informed choices regarding study
design, data collection, and analysis.
In summary, following basic protocols and a structured research
approach is essential for maintaining the integrity, reliability, and
credibility of research. It ensures that the research process is conducted
ethically, transparently, and in accordance with established
standards and guidelines.

Q4. What are the Basic Steps 'Research Methodology' comprises of?

Research methodology comprises a series of systematic steps that guide

the researcher in planning, conducting, and analyzing a research study.
While the specific steps can vary based on the nature of the research and
the discipline, the following are common basic steps in the research
methodology:

Identification of the Research Problem:

• The first step involves identifying and defining the research problem
or question. This step sets the foundation for the entire research
process.

Review of Existing Literature:

• Conducting a thorough review of existing literature is essential to

understand the current state of knowledge on the chosen research
topic. This helps in identifying gaps, building on existing theories, and
formulating research questions.

Formulation of Hypotheses or Research Questions:

• Based on the literature review, researchers develop clear and

concise hypotheses (in experimental research) or research
questions (in exploratory research) that the study aims to address.

Selection of Research Design:

• Researchers choose a suitable research design based on the nature

of the study. Common designs include experimental, correlational,
 descriptive, or a combination of these, depending on the research
objectives.

Sampling:

• Define the target population and select a representative sample. The

sampling method (random, stratified, convenience, etc.) should be
chosen to ensure the sample is reflective of the larger population.

Data Collection:

• Collect data using chosen methods, such as surveys, experiments,

interviews, observations, or archival research. Ensure that data
collection instruments are reliable and valid.

Data Analysis:

• Analyse the collected data using appropriate statistical or

qualitative methods. The choice of analysis method depends on the
research design and the nature of the data.

Interpretation of Results:

• Interpret the results of the data analysis in the context of the

research questions or hypotheses. Discuss the implications and
significance of the findings.

Conclusion and Generalization:

• Draw conclusions based on the results and discuss the

generalizability of the findings to the broader population or the
relevant theoretical framework.

Writing the Research Report:

• Document the entire research process, from problem formulation to

results and conclusions. The research report typically includes an
introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, and
conclusion.
Peer Review and Revision:

• Submit the research report for peer review to obtain feedback from
experts in the field. Revise the report based on feedback to enhance
the quality and clarity of the research.

Dissemination and Publication:

• Share the research findings through presentations at conferences,

publication in academic journals, or other appropriate channels.
Dissemination contributes to the broader academic
community's knowledge.

Q.5 What is the basic differences between Qualitative &

Quantitative Research?

Ans. Qualitative and quantitative research are two distinct approaches to

research, each with its own set of characteristics, methods, and purposes.
Here are the basic differences between qualitative and quantitative
research:

NATURE OF DATA:

• Quantitative Research: Involves the collection of numerical data that

can be measured and analysed statistically. This type of research
focuses on quantifiable variables and seeks to establish
relationships and patterns through numerical analysis.
• Qualitative Research: Involves the collection of non-numerical, text-
based data. This type of research explores the richness, depth, and
complexity of phenomena, often using methods like interviews,
observations, or content analysis.

RESEARCH PURPOSE:

• Quantitative Research: Primarily aims to test hypotheses, identify

patterns, and generalize findings to a larger population. It seeks to
provide objective, replicable results.
 • Qualitative Research: Aims to explore, understand, and interpret
complex social phenomena. It is often used to generate hypotheses,
gain insights into human behaviour, and provide a detailed
understanding of a specific context.

DATA COLLECTION METHODS:

• Quantitative Research: Utilizes structured methods, such as surveys,

experiments, or numerical measurements, to collect data. The data
is typically collected from a large sample to ensure statistical
validity.
• Qualitative Research: Utilizes unstructured or semi-structured
methods, such as interviews, focus groups, observations, or open-
ended surveys, to collect rich and detailed data from a smaller
sample.

DATA ANALYSIS:

• Quantitative Research: Involves statistical analysis to identify

patterns, relationships, and trends in the data. Common statistical
techniques include descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, and
regression analysis.
• Qualitative Research: Involves thematic analysis, content analysis, or
other interpretive approaches to identify patterns and themes in the
textual or visual data. Analysis is often more subjective and context-
dependent.

SAMPLE SIZE:

• Quantitative Research: Typically involves a larger sample size to

ensure statistical power and generalizability of findings to a larger
population.
• Qualitative Research: Involves a smaller sample size, and the
emphasis is on in-depth exploration and understanding of the
specific context.
OBJECTIVITY VS. SUBJECTIVITY:

• Quantitative Research: Strives for objectivity and aims to minimize

the influence of the researcher's biases. The focus is on empirical
evidence and measurable outcomes.
• Qualitative Research: Acknowledges the subjectivity of the
researcher and values the interpretation of meanings and contexts.
The researcher's perspective is often integral to the analysis.

HYPOTHESIS TESTING:

• Quantitative Research: Typically involves the testing of hypotheses

and the use of statistical tests to determine the significance of
relationships between variables.
• Qualitative Research: Focuses on generating hypotheses and
exploring new ideas. Findings are often context-specific and may not
be easily generalizable.

OUTPUT:

• Quantitative Research: Outputs include numerical data, statistical

tables, and graphs.
• Qualitative Research: Outputs include detailed narratives, quotes,
themes, and visual representations.

Both qualitative and quantitative research have their strengths and

limitations, and the choice between them depends on the research
question, objectives, and the nature of the phenomenon under
investigation. In many cases, researchers use a mixed methods approach
to combine the strengths of both qualitative and quantitative research.

Q.6 Give any 2 architectural examples of each of the two.

Ans. QUALITATIVE EXAMPLES:

Sagrada Familia, Barcelona, Spain:

 • Antoni Gaudi’s Sagrada Familia is a masterpiece of qualitative
architectural design. The organic forms, intricate details, and
symbolic elements contribute to a deeply meaningful and
experiential space. Qualitative research on this building might
explore visitors' emotional responses, perceptions of the symbolism,
and the impact of the design on their overall experience.

Fallingwater, Pennsylvania, USA:

• Designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, Fallingwater is an iconic example of

organic architecture. Qualitative research could investigate the
integration of the building with its natural surroundings, the spatial
experience for residents and visitors, and the design's influence on
the perception of the relationship between architecture and nature.

QUANTITATIVE EXAMPLES:

The Shard, London, UK:

• The Shard is a modern skyscraper designed by Renzo Piano.

Quantitative research could focus on measuring specific
architectural parameters, such as height, floor area, and energy
efficiency. It may also include surveys to assess public opinions on
the visual impact and functionality of the building.

Burj Khalifa, Dubai, UAE:

• The Burj Khalifa, designed by Adrian Smith, is currently the world's

tallest building. Quantitative research could involve numerical
analysis of its structural elements, energy consumption patterns, and
construction metrics. Surveys or occupancy data might be used to
measure user satisfaction and the building's functional efficiency.

These examples illustrate how qualitative and quantitative research

approaches can be applied to understand different aspects of
architectural design and experience.

Saksham Kawale Roll No. 3 Div B T.Y B.Arch

 RESEARCH IN ARCHITECTURE

ASSIGNMENT 7A

Give 2 Examples of the Architectural Research scenario for each of

following Research Type:

Fundamental/Basic (Observations):

• Scenario 1: Observing and documenting how the layout and design

of outdoor spaces in a university campus influence student
interactions and social activities.
• Scenario 2: Observing the usage patterns of different types of
seating arrangements in a public library to understand how furniture
design affects user behaviour and preferences.

Applied (Practical Application of Science):

• Scenario 1: Applying principles of universal design to renovate a city's

public transportation stations, ensuring accessibility and usability for
individuals with diverse abilities.
• Scenario 2: Applying biophilic design principles to a workplace
setting, incorporating natural elements to enhance employee well-
being and productivity.

Conceptual (Develops new concepts or re-interprets existing ones):

• Scenario 1: Developing a conceptual framework for eco-friendly

urban rooftops that integrates green infrastructure, solar panels, and
rainwater harvesting systems to create sustainable and
multifunctional spaces.
• Scenario 2: Proposing a conceptual model for smart cities that
emphasizes the integration of technology, data-driven decision-
making, and citizen engagement to optimize urban living.
Empirical/Experimental (Getting facts by Observation or Experience):

• Scenario 1: Conducting an experiment to assess the impact of

different wayfinding signage designs in a large hospital, measuring
navigation efficiency and patient satisfaction.
• Scenario 2: Experimenting with various interior lighting configurations
in a museum to understand how lighting influences the perception
and interpretation of exhibited artwork.

Descriptive/Statistical (Describes the Data) (Surveys):

• Scenario 1: Administering a survey to residents of a sustainable

housing development to collect statistical data on their satisfaction
with energy-efficient features and eco-friendly design elements.
• Scenario 2: Conducting a survey among users of a redesigned urban
park to gather descriptive data on the perceived safety, aesthetics,
and recreational amenities.

Analytical (Data Analysis & Critical Evaluation):

• Scenario 1: Analysing data on the historical preservation of

architectural landmarks to critically evaluate the effectiveness of
conservation efforts and the impact on cultural heritage.
• Scenario 2: Conducting a critical analysis of the economic and social
implications of mixed-use developments in urban areas through the
examination of relevant data and case studies.

Quantitative (Computations to find Patterns or Relationships):

• Scenario 1: Using quantitative methods to analyze the energy

efficiency of different building materials, identifying patterns in
thermal conductivity and insulation properties.
• Scenario 2: Applying computational simulations to study the airflow
patterns in a proposed urban plaza design and quantitatively
optimizing seating arrangements for maximum comfort.
Qualitative (Case Studies)

• Scenario 1: Conducting a qualitative case study on the adaptive

reuse of an industrial building into an art gallery, exploring the
impact on the cultural identity of the surrounding community.
• Scenario 2: Performing an in-depth qualitative investigation into the
experiences and perceptions of residents in a newly designed eco-
friendly housing complex to understand the social dynamics and
lifestyle changes.

Saksham Kawale Roll No. 3 Div B T.Y B.Arch

 RESEARCH IN ARCHITECTURE

ASSIGNMENT 7B

You are supposed to design for the particular / specific requirement of

the given project. What Research will you carry out for the successful
completion of the given Task?

Airport - Roofing Materials:

• Research Focus: Quantitative analysis of roofing materials for

durability, energy efficiency, and weather resistance in airport
structures.

Shopping Mall - Artificial Lighting:

• Research Focus: Applied research on optimal artificial lighting

designs for shopping malls, considering energy efficiency and
shopper preferences.

Corporate Tower - Fire-fighting:

• Research Focus: Empirical study on the effectiveness of advanced

fire-fighting systems in corporate towers through experimental
simulations.

Bungalow - Landscape:

• Research Focus: Conceptual landscape design for bungalows,

integrating sustainable and aesthetically pleasing elements.

Institution for Blind - Interior Design:

• Research Focus: Qualitative analysis of interior design elements

catering to the specific needs and experiences of individuals with
visual impairments.
Secondary School - Climate:

• Research Focus: Fundamental research on the impact of climate-

responsive architectural design on the learning environment in
secondary schools.

Housing Scheme - Water Supply and Sanitation:

• Research Focus: Descriptive and statistical analysis of water supply

and sanitation infrastructure in housing schemes, focusing on
efficiency and hygiene.

Multi-Activity Public Space - Culture:

• Research Focus: Analytical study on the integration of cultural

elements in multi-activity public spaces, exploring the social and
communal impact.

Saksham Kawale Roll No. 3 Div B T.Y B.Arch